US20130289078A1 - Controlling pests by combining insecticides and transgenic plants by applying directly to leaves and roots - Google Patents

Controlling pests by combining insecticides and transgenic plants by applying directly to leaves and roots Download PDF

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US20130289078A1
US20130289078A1 US13/930,206 US201313930206A US2013289078A1 US 20130289078 A1 US20130289078 A1 US 20130289078A1 US 201313930206 A US201313930206 A US 201313930206A US 2013289078 A1 US2013289078 A1 US 2013289078A1
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synthase
oxidase
toxin
protein
plant
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Wolfram Andersch
Christian Funke
Heike Hungenberg
Wolfgang Thielert
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Bayer CropScience AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom rings with more than six members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling pests using a combination of insecticides and transgenic plants and consequently improving the utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants.
  • Transgenic plants are employed mainly to utilize the production potential of respective plant varieties in the most favourable manner, at the lowest possible input of production means.
  • the aim of the genetic modification of the plants is in particular the generation of resistance in the plants to certain pests or harmful organisms or else herbicides and also to abiotic stress (for example drought, heat or elevated salt levels). It is also possible to modify a plant genetically to increase certain quality or product features, such as, for example, the content of selected vitamins or oils, or to improve certain fibre properties.
  • Herbicide resistance or tolerance can be achieved, for example, by incorporating genes into the useful plant for expressing enzymes to detoxify certain herbicides, so that a relatively unimpeded growth of these plants is possible even in the presence of these herbicides for controlling broad-leaved weeds and weed grasses.
  • Examples which may be mentioned are cotton varieties or maize varieties which tolerate the herbicidally active compound glyphosate (Roundup®), (Roundup Ready®, Monsanto) or the herbicides glufosinate or oxynil.
  • Plant parts are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, by way of example leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seed, and also roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and also vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seed.
  • the mixtures which can be used according to the invention comprise an active compound of the formula (I) as follows:
  • R1 represents Cl or cyano and at least one of the following active compounds from group (II).
  • the active compounds of group (II) are classified in various classes (1-21) and groups according to their mechanism of action:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for example carbamates, e.g. alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, e.g.
  • GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists for example organochlorines, e.g. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor; or fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), e.g. acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, and vaniliprole.
  • organochlorines e.g. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor
  • fiproles phenylpyrazoles
  • acrinathrin allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithr
  • Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists for example chloronicotinyls, e.g.
  • acetamiprid clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, AKD-1022, nicotine, bensultap, cartap, thiosultap-sodium, and thiocylam.
  • Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators for example spinosyns, e.g. spinosad and spinetoram.
  • Chloride channel activators for example mectins/macrolides, e.g.
  • abamectin emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, and milbemectin; or juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, epofenonane, triprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxifen, and diofenolan.
  • Active compounds with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action for example gassing agents, e.g. methyl bromide, chloropicrin and sulfuryl fluoride; selective antifeedants, e.g.
  • Oxidative phoshorylation decouplers acting by interrupting the H proton gradient for example chlorfenapyr, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap and DNOC.
  • Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors for example benzoylureas, e.g. bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, novi-flumuron, penfluoron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
  • benzoylureas e.g. bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, novi-flumuron, penfluoron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
  • Moulting disruptors for example cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone agonists/disruptors for example diacylhydrazines, e.g. chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, and flufenozide; or azadirachtin.
  • Octopaminergic agonists for example amitraz.
  • Site III electron transport inhibitors/site II electron transport inhibitors for example hydramethylnon; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim; or cyflumetofen and cyenopyrafen.
  • Electron transport inhibitors for example site I electron transport inhibitors, from the group of the METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone; or voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
  • Fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors for example tetronic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirotetramat.
  • Neuronal inhibitors with unknown mechanism of action e.g. bifenazate.
  • Ryanodine receptor effectors for example diamides, e.g. flubendiamide or (R),(S)-3-chloro-N 1 - ⁇ 2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl ⁇ -N 2 -(1-methyl-2-methylsulphonylethyl)phthalamide.
  • mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-1) or the formula (I-2) and at least one of the following active compounds of group II, selected from spriodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramate, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, ethiprole, emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, spinetoram,
  • mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-1) or of the formula (I-2) and at least one of the following active compounds of group II selected from imidacloprid, thiodicarb, clothianidin, methiocarb, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, fipronil, tefluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, abamectin or spinosad.
  • the active compound of the formula I-1 and imidacloprid the active compound of the formula I-1 and clothianidin; the active compound of the formula I-2 and imidacloprid; the active compound of the formula I-2 and clothianidin.
  • the active compound combinations may also comprise further fungicidally, acaricidally or insecticidally active co-components.
  • mixtures according to the invention comprise an active compound of the formula (I) and an active compound of group (II) in the stated preferred and particularly preferred mixing ratios:
  • the preferred mixing ratio is from 250:1 to 1:50.
  • the particularly preferred mixing ratio is from 125:1 to 1:50.
  • the most particularly preferred mixing ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25.
  • the especially preferred mixing ratio is from 5:1 to 5:1
  • the mixing ratios are based on weight ratios.
  • the ratio is to be understood as active compound of the formula (I):co-component of group (II) to active compound of the formula (I):co-component of group (II).
  • Particularly Very particularly Especially preferred mixing preferred mixing preferred mixing Mixing partner ratio ratio ratio 1.
  • Acrinathrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 2.
  • Alpha-Cypermethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 3.
  • Betacyfluthrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 4.
  • Cyhalothrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 5.
  • Cypermethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5 6.
  • transgenic plants are treated with the mixtures according to the invention to increase agricultural productivity.
  • transgenic plants are plants which contain at least one “foreign gene”.
  • the term “foreign gene” in this connection means a gene or gene fragment which may originate or be derived from another plant of the same species, from plants of a different species, but also from organisms from the animal kingdom or microorganisms (including viruses) (“foreign gene”) and/or, if appropriate, already has mutations compared to a naturally occurring gene or gene fragment.
  • synthetic genes or gene fragments which is also included in the term “foreign gene” here. It is also possible for a transgenic plant to code for two or more foreign genes of different origin.
  • the “foreign gene” is further characterized in that it comprises a nucleic acid sequence which has a certain biological or chemical function or activity in the transgenic plant.
  • these genes code for biocatalysts, such as, for example, enzymes or ribozymes, or else they comprise regulatory sequences, such as, for example, promoters or terminators, for controlling the expression of endogenous proteins.
  • regulatory proteins such as, for example, repressors or inductors.
  • the foreign gene may also serve the targeted localization of a gene product of the transgenic plant, coding, for example, for a signal peptide.
  • the foreign gene may also code for inhibitors, such as, for example, antisense RNA.
  • transgenic plants in: Biotechnology, A Multivolume Comprehensive Treatise, Rehm et al. (eds.), Vol. 2, 627-659, VCH Weinheim, Germany; McCormick et al., 1986, Plant Cell Reports 5: 81-84; EP-A 0221044; EP-A 0131624, or Sambrook et al.
  • GURT Genetic Use Restriction Technologies
  • two or three foreign genes are cloned into the useful plant which, in a complex interaction after administration of an external stimulus, trigger a cascade resulting in the death of the embryo which would otherwise develop.
  • the external stimulus for example an active compound or another chemical or abiotic stimulus
  • the external stimulus may interact, for example, with a repressor which then no longer suppresses the expression of a recombinase, so that the recombinase is able to cleave an inhibitor thus allowing expression of a toxin causing the embryo to die.
  • a repressor which then no longer suppresses the expression of a recombinase, so that the recombinase is able to cleave an inhibitor thus allowing expression of a toxin causing the embryo to die.
  • transgenic plants which, by virtue of the integration of regulatory foreign genes and the overexpression, suppression or inhibition of endogenous genes or gene sequences mediated in this manner, if appropriate, or by virtue of the existence or expression of foreign genes or fragments thereof, have modified properties.
  • the method according to the invention allows better utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants.
  • this may, if appropriate, be based on the fact that the application rate of the active compound which can be employed according to the invention can be reduced, for example by lowering the dose employed or else by reducing the number of applications.
  • the yield of the useful plants may be increased quantitatively and/or qualitatively. This is true in particular in the case of a transgenically generated resistance to biotic or abiotic stress.
  • these synergistic actions may vary and may be multifarious.
  • reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase of the activity of the compounds and compositions used according to the invention better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or higher nutrient value of the harvested products, increased storability and/or processibility of the harvested products, which exceed the effects normally to be expected.
  • the mixtures according to the invention are used for treating transgenic plants comprising at least one foreign gene coding for a Bt toxin.
  • a Bt toxin is a protein originating from or derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which either belongs to the group of the crystal toxins (Cry) or the cytolytic toxins (Cyt). In the bacterium, they are originally formed as protoxins and are only metabolized in alkaline medium—for example in the digestive tract of certain feed insects—to their active form. There, the active toxin then binds to certain hydrocarbon structures at cell surfaces causing pores to be formed which destroy the osmotic potential of the cell, which may effect cell lysis. The result is the death of the insects.
  • Bt toxins are active in particular against certain harmful species from the orders of the Lepidoptera (butterflies), Homoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (beetles) in all their development stages; i.e. from the egg larva via their juvenile forms to their adult forms.
  • Bt plants It has been known for a long time that gene sequences coding for Bt toxins, parts thereof or else peptides or proteins derived from Bt toxins can be cloned with the aid of genetic engineering into agriculturally useful plants to generate transgenic plants having endogenous resistance to pests sensitive to Bt toxins.
  • the transgenic plants coding for at least one Bt toxin or proteins derived therefrom are defined as “Bt plants”.
  • the “first generation” of such Bt plants generally only comprise the genes enabling the formation of a certain toxin, thus only providing resistance to one group of pathogens.
  • An example of a commercially available maize variety comprising the gene for forming the Cry1Ab toxin is “YieldGard®” from Monsanto which is resistant to the European corn borer.
  • Bt cotton variety Bollgard®
  • resistance to other pathogens from the family of the Lepidoptera is generated by introduction by cloning of the genes for forming the Cry1Ac toxin.
  • Other transgenic crop plants express genes for forming Bt toxins with activity against pathogens from the order of the Coleoptera.
  • Examples that may be mentioned are the Bt potato variety “NewLeaf” (Monsanto) capable of forming the Cry3A toxin, which is thus resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, and the transgenic maize variety “YieldGard®” (Monsanto) which is capable of forming the Cry 3Bb1 toxin and is thus protected against various species of the Western corn rootworm.
  • Preference according to the invention is given to transgenic plants with Bt toxins from the group of the Cry family (see, for example, Crickmore et al. 1998, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 807-812), which are particularly effective against Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera.
  • Examples of genes coding for the proteins are (Table A-1 to A-197):
  • cry1Aa1 (A-1) cry1Aa1; (A-2) cry1Aa2, (A-3) cry1Aa3; (A-4) cry1Aa4; (A-5) cry1Aa5; (A-6) cry1Aa6; (A-7) cry1Aa7; (A-8) cry1Aa8; (A-9) cry1Aa9; (A-10) cry1Aa10; (A-11) cry1Aa11, (A-12) cry1Ab1; (A-13) cry1Ab2; (A-14) cry1Ab3; (A-15) cry1Ab4; (A-16) cry1Ab5; (A-17) cry1Ab6; (A-18) cry1Ab7; (A-19) cry1Ab8; (A-20) cry1Ab9; (A-21) cry1Ab10; (A-22) cry1Ab11; (A-23) cry1Ab12; (A-24) cry1Ab13; (A-25) cry1Ab14; (A-26) cry1Ac1; (A-
  • cry1Ab especially preferred are cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry3A, cry3B and cry9C.
  • plants which, in addition to the genes for one or more Bt toxins, express or contain, if appropriate, also genes for expressing, for example, a protease or peptidase inhibitor (such as in WO-A 95/35031), of herbicide resistances (for example to glufosinate or glyphosate by expression of the pat gene or bar gene) or for becoming resistant to nematodes, fungi or viruses (for example by expressing a gluconase, chitinase).
  • a protease or peptidase inhibitor such as in WO-A 95/35031
  • herbicide resistances for example to glufosinate or glyphosate by expression of the pat gene or bar gene
  • fungi or viruses for example by expressing a gluconase, chitinase
  • they may also be modified in their metabolic properties, so that they show a qualitative and/or quantitative change of ingredients (for example by modification of the energy, carbohydrate,
  • Table 2 A list of examples of principles of action which can be introduced by genetic modification into a useful plant and which are suitable for the treatment according to the invention on their own or in combination is compiled in Table 2. Under the header “AP” (active principle), this table contains the respective principle of action and associated therewith the pest to be controlled.
  • AP active principle
  • the process according to the invention is used for treating transgenic vegetable, maize, soya bean, cotton, tobacco, rice, potato, sunflower, rape and sugar beet varieties. These are preferably Bt plants.
  • the vegetable plants or varieties are, for example, the following useful plants:
  • Bt vegetables including exemplary methods for preparing them are described in detail, for example, in Barton et al., 1987, Plant Physiol. 85: 1103-1109; Vaeck et al., 1987, Nature 328: 33-37; Fischhoff et al., 1987, Bio/Technology 5: 807-813.
  • Bt vegetable plants are already known as commercial varieties, for example the potato cultivar NewLeaf® (Monsanto).
  • the preparation of Bt vegetables is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,105.
  • Bt cotton is already known in principle, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,938 or from Prietro-Samsonór et al., J. Ind. Microbiol. & Biotechn. 1997, 19, 202, and H. Agaisse and D. Lereclus, J. Bacteriol. 1996, 177, 6027.
  • Different varieties of Bt cotton, too, are already commercially available, for example under the name NuCOTN® (Deltapine (USA)).
  • NuCOTN® Deltapine (USA)
  • particular preference is given to Bt cotton NuCOTN33® and NuCOTN33B®.
  • Bt maize has likewise already been known for a long time, for example from Ishida, Y., Saito, H., Ohta, S., Hiei, Y., Komari, T., and Kumnashiro, T. (1996).
  • High efficiency transformation of maize Zea mayz L.
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens Nature Biotechnology 4: 745-750.
  • EP-B-0485506 too, describes the preparation of Bt maize plants.
  • InVigor® cultivars resistant to the herbicide glufosinate are available and can be treated according to the invention. These cultivars are also distinguished by an improved crop yield.
  • Roundup®Ready cultivar or cultivars resistant to the herbicide Liberty Link® are available and can be treated according to the invention.
  • Roundup®Ready cultivar or cultivars resistant to the herbicide Liberty Link® are available and can be treated according to the invention.
  • a large number of “Golden Rice” lines are available which are likewise characterized in that, by virtue of a transgenic modification, they have an increased content of provitamin A. They, too, are examples of plants which can be treated by the method according to the invention, with the advantages described.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for controlling a large number of harmful organisms which occur in particular in vegetables, maize, soya bean, cotton, rice, tobacco, rape, potatoes, sugar beet and sunflowers preferably arthropods and nematodes, in particular insects and arachnids.
  • the pests mentioned include:
  • Isopoda for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.
  • Chilopoda for example, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spp.
  • Symphyla for example, Scutigerella immaculata.
  • Thysanura for example, Lepisma saccharina.
  • Orthoptera From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria.
  • Phthiraptera From the order of the Phthiraptera, for example, Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia spp.
  • Thysanoptera From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.
  • Lymantria spp. Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulem
  • Hymenoptera From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp. Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
  • Aedes spp. From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp.
  • Tannia spp. Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella flit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Ilylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp.
  • Siphonaptera From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus spp.
  • Scorpio maurus Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp.
  • the plant-parasitic nematodes include, for example, Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Ileterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinerna spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for treating sugar beet or Bt vegetables, Bt maize, Bt cotton, Bt soya beans, Bt tobacco, and also Bt rice.
  • Bt potatoes, Bt rape or Bt sunflowers for controlling insects from the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp., from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis , from the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata , from the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Phyl
  • the active compound combinations can be employed in customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active compound, synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, if appropriate using surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam-formers.
  • extenders i.e. liquid solvents and/or solid carriers
  • surfactants i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam-formers.
  • the formulations are prepared either in suitable plants or else before or during application.
  • Wettable powders are preparations which can be dispersed homogeneously in water and which, in addition to the active compound and beside a diluent or inert substance, also comprise wetting agents, for example polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkylsulphonates or alkylphenylsulphonates and dispersants, for example sodium lignosulphonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate.
  • wetting agents for example polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkylsulphonates or alkylphenylsulphonates and dispersants, for example sodium lignosulphonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate.
  • Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely distributed solid substances, for example talc, natural clays, such as kaolin, bentonite, pyrophillite or diatomaceous earth.
  • Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto granular inert material capable of adsorption or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carrier substances, such as sand, kaolinites or granular inert material, by means of adhesives, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or mineral oils.
  • Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the manner customary for the preparation of fertilizer granules—if desired as a mixture with fertilizers.
  • auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors, seed dressings) particular properties such as certain technical properties and/or also particular biological properties.
  • suitable auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
  • Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulphones and sulphoxides (such as dimethyl sulphoxide).
  • aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes
  • the alcohols and polyols
  • suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
  • aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
  • chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclo
  • Suitable solid carriers are:
  • suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks;
  • suitable emulsifiers and/or foam-formers are: for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and also protein hydroly
  • oligo- or polymers for example those derived from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and/or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to employ lignin and its sulphonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified celluloses, aromatic and/or aliphatic sulphonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
  • Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations.
  • colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • organic dyestuffs such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs
  • trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • perfumes mineral or vegetable, optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • Stabilizers such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability may also be present.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention in commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, can be present in a mixture with other known active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators or herbicides.
  • the insecticides include, for example, phosphoric esters, carbamates, carboxylic esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, substances produced by microorganisms, and the like.
  • the active compound combinations according to the invention in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms which are prepared from these formulations may furthermore be present as a mixture with synergists.
  • Synergists are compounds by which the action of the active compounds is increased without it being necessary for the synergist added to be active itself.
  • the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 98% by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.5 to 90%.
  • the active compound concentration is, for example, from about 10 to 90% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight consisting of customary formulation components.
  • the active compound concentration can be from about 5 to 80% by weight.
  • formulations in the form of dusts comprise from 5 to 20% by weight of active compound
  • sprayable solutions comprise about 2 to 20% by weight.
  • the active compound content depends partially on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries, fillers, etc., are used.
  • the use is accomplished in a customary manner adapted to the use forms, preferably by means of leaf and drenching application.
  • the treatment according to the invention of the transgenic plants with the combinations of active compounds is effected directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space according to customary methods of treatment, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporating, pouring on, misting, scattering, painting on and in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, further by applying one or more coats.
  • the required application rate may also vary with external conditions such as, inter alia, temperature and humidity. It may vary within wide limits, for example between 0.1 g/h and 5.0 kg/ha or more of active substance. Owing to the synergistic effects between Bt vegetables and the active compound combinations according to the invention, particular preference is given to application rates of from 0.1 to 500 g/ha. Particular preference is given to application rates of from 10 to 500 g/ha, especially preferred are 10 to 200 g/ha.
  • the active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercial formulations may vary within wide limits.
  • the active compound concentration of the use forms may be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active compound and is, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
  • acetolactate synthase sulphonylurea compounds
  • imidazolinones triazolepyrimidines pyrimidyloxybenzoates
  • phthalides acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACCase
  • aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid cyclohexanedione hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or isoxachlortol
  • triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1-Gen) Helminthosporium turcicum , Rhopalosiphum maydis , Diplodia maydis , Ostrinia nubilalis , Lepidoptera sp. CMIII (small basic peptide building block plant pathogens e.g. Fusarium , Alternaria, from maize grain) Sclerotina Com-SAFP (zeamatin) plant pathogens, e.g.
  • MDMV Maize dwarf mosaic virus
  • Spodoptera frugiperda Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda , Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils peroxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g.
  • Ostrinia nubilalis Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda , Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, aminopeptidase inhibitors (LAPI) nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g.
  • LAPI aminopeptidase inhibitors
  • Spodoptera frugiperda Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils limonene synthase Western corn rootworm lectin Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda , Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils protease inhibitors e.g.
  • cystatin, patatin, weevils Western corn rootworm virgiferin, CPTI ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda , Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils 5C9-maize polypeptide Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g.
  • Spodoptera frugiperda Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis , Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g.
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • ACCase aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid
  • HPPD cyclohexanedione hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
  • isooxazoles such as isoxaflutol or isoxachlortol
  • triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase gluf
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium glucose oxidase plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria and other diseases polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens, e.g.
  • SAR systemic aquired resistance
  • leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, aphids protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, aphids HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, e.g.
  • Ostrinia nubilalis Heliothis zea , armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda , Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon , Asian corn borer, weevils
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium glucose oxidase plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium , Septoria and other diseases polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens, e.g.
  • SAR systemic aquired resistance
  • leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes, aphids protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds antifungal polypeptide
  • AlyAFP plant pathogens glucose oxidase plant pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar mildew and inducible rice blast phytoalexins plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) plant pathogens, e.g.
  • PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast receptor kinase plant pathogens e.g. bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens chitinases plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast glucanases plant pathogens double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BYDV and MSMV envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and MSMV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, e.g.
  • SAR hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance
  • stem borer, Coleoptera Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Xenorhabdus toxins Diptera
  • rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown planthopper 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera
  • rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown planthopper peroxidase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g.
  • weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g. rice brown planthopper aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, aminopeptidase inhibitor e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g. rice brown planthopper lectins Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.
  • rice brown planthopper protease inhibitors Lepidoptera e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera
  • rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown planthopper ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera
  • rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown planthopper HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera, e.g.
  • weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus , Diptera, rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown planthopper Plant: Soya bean acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or isoxachlortol, triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bial
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds antifungal polypeptide
  • AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot phenylalanine ammonia ly
  • bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) plant pathogens e.g. bacterial foliar mildew and rice blast receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Fusarium , Sclerotinia , stem rot double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BPMV and SbMV envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and MSMV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis
  • leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids protease inhibitors e.g. virgiferin Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase black spot (antisense) metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora , ribonuclease Phytophtora , Verticillium , Rhizoctonia antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora , Verticillium , Rhizoctonia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora , Verticillium , Rhizoctonia pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as,
  • a or b viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and TRV pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and TRV replicase viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and TRV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids peroxidase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • leucine Coleoptera e.g. Colorado beetle
  • aphids aminopeptidase inhibitor stilbene synthase Coleoptera e.g. Colorado beetle
  • aphids lectins Coleoptera e.g. Colorado beetle
  • aphids protease inhibitors e.g. cystatin
  • patatin Coleoptera e.g. Colorado beetle
  • aphids ribosomene-inactivating protein Coleoptera e.g. Colorado beetle
  • HMG-CoA reductase Coleoptera e.g.
  • cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • acetolactate synthase ALS
  • acetolactate synthase sulphonylurea compounds
  • imidazolinones triazolepyrimidines pyrimidyloxybenzoates
  • phthalides acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACCase
  • aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid cyclohexanedione hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or isoxachlortol
  • triones such as mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL
  • Cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase black spot (antisense) metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora ribonuclease Phytophtora , Verticillium , Rhizoctonia antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase black spot (antisense) metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, Phytophtora ribonuclease Phytophtora , Verticill
  • oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc. cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc. phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • Cf genes e.g.
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 leaf mould osmotin early blight alpha hordothionin bakteria systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc. 12 fusarium resistance site Fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for a hypersensitivity reaction example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium , soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight, leaf mould etc.
  • double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV nucleoprotein TRV pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV replicase viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and ToMoV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera e.
  • Heliothis whitefly Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and aphids Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids peroxidase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aminopeptidase inhibitor aphids lectins Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cystatin patatin Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids stilbene synthase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis , whitefly, aphids hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • ACCase acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  • HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
  • isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole
  • triones such as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos adenylosuccinate lyas
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens, rot, leaf mould, etc.
  • PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • Cf genes e.g. Cf 9 Ct5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens 12 Fusarium resistance site Fusarium phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens barnase
  • SAR hypersensitivity reaction
  • viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV nucleoprotein pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV replicase viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids peroxidase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes Plant: Grapevines Structure affected/principle expressed acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids, cyclohexanediones hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides
  • polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as (antisense) Botrytis and powdery mildew metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew antifungal polypeptide
  • AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • Botrytis and powdery mildew glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew serine/
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis and powdery mildew poly-peptide having
  • cystatin patatin Lepidoptera, aphids ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes or general diseases CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as (antisense) Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cylindrosporium , Phoma , Sclerotinia B-1,
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids CPTI ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • acetolactate synthase sulphonylurea compounds
  • imidazolinones triazolopyrimidines pyrimidyloxybenzoates
  • phthalides acetyl-CoA carboxylase ACCase
  • aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids cyclohexanediones hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole
  • triones such as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • PAL bacterial and flingal pathogens
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens double-strand ribonuclease viruses envelope proteins viruses 17 kDa or 60
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids CPTI ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides
  • sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as (antisense) storage scab on apples or fire-blight metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight antifungal polypeptid
  • AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or fire-blight receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as storage scab on apples or
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites CPTI ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • ALS Melon acetolactate synthase
  • ACCase acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  • HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
  • isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole
  • triones such as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides
  • sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as (antisense) Phytophtora metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora antifungal polypeptid
  • AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytoph
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as Phytophtora polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens such as a hypersensitivity reaction Phytophtora system
  • a or b or viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, nucleoprotein ZYMV pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV replicase viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV, ZYMV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • leucine Lepidoptera aphids, mites, whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitor lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly CPTI, virgiferin ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g.
  • root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucanases bacterial or fungal path
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus nucleoprotein
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus replicase viruses
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus nucleoprotein
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus replicase viruses
  • BBTV Banana Bunchy Top Virus toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes Bacillus cereus
  • leucine Lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes aminopeptidase inhibitor lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes CPTI, virgiferin ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g.
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucanases bacterial or fungal path
  • wound tumour virus a or b or viruses
  • WTV wound tumour virus
  • WTV wound tumour virus
  • WTV wound tumour virus
  • WTV wound tumour virus
  • WTV wound tumour virus
  • toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • leucine Lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g.
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
  • Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.
  • SAR hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance
  • Clavibacter chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as SCMV
  • SrMV envelope proteins viruses such as SCMV
  • SrMV 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as SCMV
  • SrMV nuclear inclusion proteins e.g.
  • a or b or viruses such as SCMV, SrMV nucleoprotein pseudoubiquitin viruses such as SCMV, SrMV replicase viruses such as SCMV, SrMV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican Xenorhabdus toxins rice borer 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles such as e.g.
  • the Mexican rice borer peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly beetles such as e.g. the Mexican rice borer aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican rice borer lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican rice borer protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • the Mexican rice borer HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican rice borer hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g.
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • ACCase acetyl-CoA carboxylase
  • HPPD hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
  • isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or isoxachlortole
  • triones such as, for example, mesotrione or sulcotrione phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin O-methyl transferase modified lignin content glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bi
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens e.g.
  • Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens glucanases bacterial or fungal path
  • a or b or viruses such as CMV, TMV nucleoprotein pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, TMV replicase viruses such as CMV, TMV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • leucine Lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g.
  • root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes CBI root-knot nematodes principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
  • cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for example, sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • sulphonylurea compounds polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens (antisense) metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens antifungal polypeptid
  • AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens e.g.
  • Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens AX + WIN-proteins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Cercospora beticola receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens a hypersensitivity reaction systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal pathogens lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens chitinases bacterial or fungal
  • BNYVV nucleoprotein pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, BNYVV replicase viruses such as, for example, BNYVV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles, root-flies Xenorhabdus toxins 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g.
  • BNYVV nucleoprotein pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, BNYVV replicase viruses such as, for example, BNYVV toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis , VIP
  • leucine Lepidoptera aphids, mites, nematodes, aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles, root-flies lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies protease inhibitors, e.g.
  • cystatin patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles, root-flies ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes, whitefly, beetles, root-flies hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes barnase nematodes, e.g.
  • root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes beet cyst nematode resistance site cyst nematodes
  • CryllA Tortrix spp. CryllA Trichoplusia ni CryllA Agriotes spp.
  • CryllA Anthonomus grandis CryllA Curculio spp.
  • CryllA Diabrotica balteata CryllA Leptinotarsa spp.
  • CryllA Bemisia tabaci CryllA Empoasca spp. CryllA Mycus spp. CryllA Nephotettix spp. CryllA Nilaparvata spp. CryllA Pseudococcus spp. CryllA Psyila spp. CryllA Quadraspidiotus spp. CryllA Schizaphis spp. CryllA Trialeurodes spp. CryllA Lyriomyza spp. CryllA Oscinella spp. CryllA Phorbia spp. CryllA Frankliniella spp. CryllA Thrips spp.
  • CrylllA Meloidogyne spp. CrylllB2 Adoxophyes spp. CrylllB2 Agrotis spp. CrylllB2 Alabama argiilaceae CrylllB2 Anticarsia gemmatalis CrylllB2 Chilo spp. CrylllB2 Clysia ambiguella CrylllB2 Crocidolomia binotaiis CrylllB2 Cydia spp. CrylllB2 Diparopsis castanea CrylllB2 Earias spp. CrylllB2 Ephestia spp. CrylllB2 Heliothis spp.
  • CrylllB2 Hellula undalis CrylllB2 Keiferia lycopersicella CrylllB2 Leucoptera sectelia CrylllB2 Lithocollethis spp. CrylllB2 Lobesia botrana CrylllB2 Ostrinia nubilalis CrylllB2 Pandemis spp. CrylllB2 Pectinophora gossyp. CrylllB2 Phyllocnistis citrella CrylllB2 Pieris spp. CrylllB2 Plutella xylostella CrylllB2 Scirpophaga spp. CrylllB2 Sesamia spp. CrylllB2 Sparganothis spp.
  • VIP3 Lobesia botrana VIP3 Ostrinia nubilalis VIP3 Pandemis spp.
  • HO Pectinophora gossypiella HO Phyllocnistis citrella HO Pieris spp. HO Plutella xylostella HO Scirpophaga spp. HO Sesamia spp. HO Sparganothis spp. HO Spodoptera spp. HO Tortrix spp. HO Trichoplusia ni HO Agriotes spp. HO Anthonomus grandis HO Curculio spp. HO Diabrotica balteata HO Leptinotarsa spp. HO Lissorhoptrus spp. HO Otiorhynchus spp.
  • active principle of the transgenic plant AP Photorhabdus luminescens : PL Xenorhabdus nematophilus : XN proteinase inhibitors: Plnh.
  • &&&chloroacetanilides such as, for example, alachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid ///Protox inhibitors: for example diphenyl ethers such as, for example, acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; imides such as, for example, azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, pentoxazone, sulfentrazone, imides and other compounds such as, for example, flumipropyn, flupropacil, nipyraclofen and thidiazimin; and also fluazola and pyrafluf
  • transgenic plants Transgenically modified properties Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Longer-lasting as a result of reduced ethylene line 66 accumulation owing to the expression of ACC [Florigene Pty. Ltd.] synthase; tolerant to sulphonylurea herbicides Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Modified flower colour; tolerant to sulphonyl- lines 4, 11, 15, 16 urea herbicides [Florigene Pty.
  • Dianthus caryophyllus Modified flower colour; tolerant to sulphonyl- lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A, urea herbicides 1400A
  • Brassica napus (Argentine oilseed rape) Modified fatty acid content in the seeds lines 23-18-17, 23-198
  • Zea mays L. Elevated lysine content lines REN- ⁇ 38-3 (LY038) [Monsanto Company] Zea mays L.
  • the killing effect of the combination is superadditive, i.e., a synergistic effect is present.
  • the actually observed kill rate has to be greater than that calculated from the above-recited formula for the expected kill rate (E).
  • the invention is more particularly elucidated by the examples which follow without being restricted by them.
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the aphids were killed; 0% means that no aphids were killed.
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • the earth of the pots each with 5 transgenic maize plants with Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and/or herbicide resistance is drenched with the desired product. Then, the plants are infected with larvae of the army worm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ).
  • the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling pests using a combination of insecticides and transgenic plants and consequently improving the utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants which comprises treating the plant with active compound combinations comprising an active compound from the group of the anthranilamides and at least one further insecticide.

Description

    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a Divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/596,184, filed Oct. 16, 2009, which is a §371 National Stage Application of PCT/EP2008/003104, filed Apr. 14, 2008, which claims priority to German Application No. 10 2007 018 452.4, filed Apr. 17, 2007, the content of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
    • BACKGROUND
  • 1. Field of the Invention
  • The invention relates to a method for controlling pests using a combination of insecticides and transgenic plants and consequently improving the utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants.
  • 2. Description of Related Art
  • In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of transgenic plants in agriculture, even if regional differences are still noticeable to date. Thus, for example, the proportion of transgenic maize in the USA has doubled from 26% to 52% since 2001, while transgenic maize has hardly been of any practical importance in Germany. However, in other European countries, for example in Spain, the proportion of transgenic maize is already about 12%.
  • Transgenic plants are employed mainly to utilize the production potential of respective plant varieties in the most favourable manner, at the lowest possible input of production means. The aim of the genetic modification of the plants is in particular the generation of resistance in the plants to certain pests or harmful organisms or else herbicides and also to abiotic stress (for example drought, heat or elevated salt levels). It is also possible to modify a plant genetically to increase certain quality or product features, such as, for example, the content of selected vitamins or oils, or to improve certain fibre properties.
  • Herbicide resistance or tolerance can be achieved, for example, by incorporating genes into the useful plant for expressing enzymes to detoxify certain herbicides, so that a relatively unimpeded growth of these plants is possible even in the presence of these herbicides for controlling broad-leaved weeds and weed grasses. Examples which may be mentioned are cotton varieties or maize varieties which tolerate the herbicidally active compound glyphosate (Roundup®), (Roundup Ready®, Monsanto) or the herbicides glufosinate or oxynil.
  • More recently, there has also been the development of useful plants comprising two or more genetic modifications (“stacked transgenic plants” or multiply transgenic crops). Thus, for example, Monsanto has developed multiply transgenic maize varieties which are resistant to the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) and the Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera). Also known are maize and cotton crops which are both resistant to the Western corn rootworm and the cotton bollworm and tolerant to the herbicide Roundup®.
    • SUMMARY
  • It has now been found that the utilization of the production potential of transgenic useful plants can be improved even more by treating the plants with a mixture of an active compound of the formula (I) and an active compound of group II. Here, the term “treatment” includes all measures resulting in a contact between these active compounds and at least one plant part. “Plant parts” are to be understood as meaning all above-ground and below-ground parts and organs of plants, such as shoot, leaf, flower and root, by way of example leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits and seed, and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and also vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seed.
  • It is already known that compounds of the formula (I) have insecticidal action (for example from WO 03/015519 and WO 04/067528), and that they can be used in mixtures (for example from WO 05/048711, WO 05/107468, WO 06/007595, WO 06/068669). These documents are expressly incorporated herein by way of reference.
  • The mixtures which can be used according to the invention comprise an active compound of the formula (I) as follows:
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00001
  • where
    R1 represents Cl or cyano
    and at least one of the following active compounds from group (II). The active compounds of group (II) are classified in various classes (1-21) and groups according to their mechanism of action:
    • Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides:
  • (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example
    carbamates, e.g. alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, and xylylcarb; or
    organophosphates, e.g. acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl, bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos (-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos, chlorfenvinphos, demeton-S-methyl, demeton-S-methylsulphon, dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion, fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos, isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl, O-salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos (-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos, prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos, sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetra-chlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon, vamidothion, and imicyafos.
    (2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example
    organochlorines, e.g. camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor, lindane, and methoxychlor; or
    fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), e.g. acetoprole, ethiprole, fipronil, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, and vaniliprole.
    (3) Sodium channel modulators/voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
    pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin (d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentyl isomer, bioethanomethrin, biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin, cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-, zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R isomer), esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin, fenpyrithrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin, imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin, permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R trans isomer), prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, resmethrin. RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin, tetramethrin (-1R-isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901, pyrethrin (pyrethrum), eflusilanat;
    DDT; or methoxychlor.
    (4) Nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, for example
    chloronicotinyls, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, AKD-1022,
    nicotine, bensultap, cartap, thiosultap-sodium, and thiocylam.
    (5) Allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), for example
    spinosyns, e.g. spinosad and spinetoram.
    (6) Chloride channel activators, for example
    mectins/macrolides, e.g. abamectin, emamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin, and milbemectin; or
    juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, epofenonane, triprene, fenoxycarb, pyriproxifen, and diofenolan.
    (7) Active compounds with unknown or non-specific mechanisms of action, for example
    gassing agents, e.g. methyl bromide, chloropicrin and sulfuryl fluoride;
    selective antifeedants, e.g. cryolite, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon and flonicamid; or
    mite growth inhibitors, e.g. clofentezine, hexythiazox, etoxazole.
    (8) Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors, for example
    diafenthiuron;
    organotin compounds, e.g. azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide; or
    propargite, tetradifon.
    (9) Oxidative phoshorylation decouplers acting by interrupting the H proton gradient, for example chlorfenapyr, binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap and DNOC.
    (10) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, for example Bacillus thuringiensis strains.
    (11) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, for example benzoylureas, e.g. bistrifluoron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, novi-flumuron, penfluoron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron.
    • (12) Buprofezin.
  • (13) Moulting disruptors, for example cyromazine.
    (14) Ecdysone agonists/disruptors, for example
    diacylhydrazines, e.g. chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, and flufenozide; or
    azadirachtin.
    (15) Octopaminergic agonists, for example amitraz.
    (16) Site III electron transport inhibitors/site II electron transport inhibitors, for example hydramethylnon; acequinocyl; fluacrypyrim; or cyflumetofen and cyenopyrafen.
    (17) Electron transport inhibitors, for example
    site I electron transport inhibitors, from the group of the METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and rotenone; or
    voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. indoxacarb and metaflumizone.
    (18) Fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors, for example tetronic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen and spiromesifen; or
    tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirotetramat.
    (19) Neuronal inhibitors with unknown mechanism of action, e.g. bifenazate.
    (20) Ryanodine receptor effectors, for example diamides, e.g. flubendiamide or (R),(S)-3-chloro-N1-{2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-N2-(1-methyl-2-methylsulphonylethyl)phthalamide.
    (21) Further active compounds with unknown mechanism of action, for example amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform, chlorobenzilate, clothiazoben, cycloprene, dicofol, dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim, flutenzin, gossyplure, japonilure, metoxadiazone, petroleum, potassium oleate, pyridalyl, sulfluramid, tetrasul, triarathene or verbutin; or the following known active compounds:
    4-{[(6-bromopyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115644), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(5,6-dichloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115646), 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from WO 2007/115643), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino)}furan-2(5H)-one (known from EP-A-0 539 588), [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134), [1-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomers (A) and (B)
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00002
  • (likewise known from WO 2007/149134), [(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/095229), or [1-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-λ4-sulfanylidenecyanamide (known from WO 2007/149134) and its diastereomers (C) and (D)
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00003
  • (likewise known from WO 2007/149134).
    • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • The active compounds mentioned in this description by their common name are known for example from “The Pesticide Manual” 13th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2003, and the website https://www.alanwood.net/pesticides.
  • Preference is given to mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-1)
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00004
  • and at least one active compound of group II.
  • Preference is likewise given to mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-2)
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00005
  • and at least one active compound of group II.
  • Particular preference is given to the mixtures below comprising
  • the active compound of the formula I-1 and at least one active compound of group (II) selected from
    acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example methiocarb and thiodicarb;
    nicotinergenic acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, for example imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam;
    GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example ethiprole and fipronil;
    sodium channel modulators, for example deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and tefluthrin;
    allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), for example spinosad and spinetoram;
    chloride channel activators, for example abamectin and emamectin benzoate;
    inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramate;
    further active compounds, for example
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
    • 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, and 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one.
  • Particular preference is similarly given to the mixtures below comprising
  • the active compound of the formula I-2 and at least one active compound of group (II) selected from acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example methiocarb and thiodicarb;
    nicotinergenic acetylcholine receptor agonists/antagonists, for example imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam;
    GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example ethiprole and fipronil;
    sodium channel modulators, for example deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and tefluthrin;
    allosteric acetylcholine receptor modulators (agonists), for example spinosad and spinetoram;
    chloride channel activators, for example abamectin and emamectin benzoate;
    inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramate;
    further active compounds, for example
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one.
    • 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, and 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one.
  • Very particular preference is given to mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-1) or the formula (I-2) and at least one of the following active compounds of group II, selected from spriodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramate, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, ethiprole, emamectin benzoate, acetamiprid, spinetoram,
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one,
    • 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, and
    • 4-{[(6-chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one, and 4-{[(6-chloropyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino}furan-2(5H)-one
  • Very particular preference is similarly given to mixtures comprising the active compound of the formula (I-1) or of the formula (I-2) and at least one of the following active compounds of group II selected from imidacloprid, thiodicarb, clothianidin, methiocarb, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, fipronil, tefluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, abamectin or spinosad.
  • Particular preference is given to the mixtures below comprising
  • the active compound of the formula I-1 and imidacloprid;
    the active compound of the formula I-1 and clothianidin;
    the active compound of the formula I-2 and imidacloprid;
    the active compound of the formula I-2 and clothianidin.
  • In addition, the active compound combinations may also comprise further fungicidally, acaricidally or insecticidally active co-components.
  • In general, the mixtures according to the invention comprise an active compound of the formula (I) and an active compound of group (II) in the stated preferred and particularly preferred mixing ratios:
  • The preferred mixing ratio is from 250:1 to 1:50.
  • The particularly preferred mixing ratio is from 125:1 to 1:50.
  • The most particularly preferred mixing ratio is from 25:1 to 1:25.
  • The especially preferred mixing ratio is from 5:1 to 5:1
  • The mixing ratios are based on weight ratios. The ratio is to be understood as active compound of the formula (I):co-component of group (II) to active compound of the formula (I):co-component of group (II).
  • Particularly Very particularly Especially
    preferred mixing preferred mixing preferred mixing
    Mixing partner ratio ratio ratio
    1. Acrinathrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    2. Alpha-Cypermethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    3. Betacyfluthrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    4. Cyhalothrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    5. Cypermethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    6. Deltamethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    7. Esfenvalerate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    8. Etofenprox 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    9. Fenpropathrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    10. Fenvalerate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    11. Flucythrinate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    12.a Lambda-Cyhalothrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    12.b Gamma-Cyhalothrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    13. Permethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    14. Tau-fluvalinate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    15. Tralomethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    16. Zeta-Cypermethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    17. Cyfluthrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    18. Bifenthrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    19. Cycloprothrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    20. Eflusilanate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    21. Fubfenprox 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    22. Pyrethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    23. Resmethrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    24. Imidacloprid 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    25. Acetamiprid 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    26. Thiamethoxam 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    27. Nitenpyram 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    28. Thiacloprid 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    29. Dinotefuran 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    30. Clothianidin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    31. Imidaclothiz 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    32. Chlorfluazuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    33. Diflubenzuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    34. Lufenuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    35. Teflubenzuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    36. Triflumuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    37. Novaluron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    38. Flufenoxuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    39. Hexaflumuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    40. Noviflumuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    41. Buprofezin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    42. Cyromazine 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    43. Methoxyfenozide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    44. Tebufenozide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    45. Halofenozide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    46. Fufenozide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    47. Chromafenozide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    48. Endosulfan 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    49. Fipronil 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    50. Ethiprole 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    51. Pyrafluprole 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    52. Pyriprole 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    53. Flubendiamide 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    54. (R)-,(S)-3-Chloro-N1-{2- 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-
    1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl]phenyl}-
    N2-(1-methyl-
    2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamide
    55. Emamectin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    56. Emamectin benzoate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    57. Abamectin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    58. Ivermectin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    59. Milbemectin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    60. Lepimectin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    61. Tebufenpyrad 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    62. Fenpyroximate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    63. Pyridaben 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    64. Fenazaquin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    65. Pyrimidifen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    66. Tolfenpyrad 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    67. Dicofol 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    68. Cyenopyrafen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    69. Cyflumetofen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    70. Acequinocyl 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    71. Fluacrypyrin 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    72. Bifenazate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    73. Diafenthiuron 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    74. Etoxazole 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    75. Clofentezine 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    76. Spinosad 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    77. Triarathen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    78. Tetradifon 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    79. Propargit 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    80. Hexythiazox 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    81. Bromopropylate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    82. Chinomethionate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    83. Amitraz 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    84. Pymetrozine 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    85. Flonicamid 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    86. Pyriproxyfen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    87. Diofenolan 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    88. Chlorfenapyr 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    89. Metaflumizone 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    90. Indoxacarb 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    91. Chlorpyrifos 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    92. Spirodiclofen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    93. Spiromesifen 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    94. Spirotetramate 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    95. Pyridalyl 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    96. 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3- 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)-
    amino}furan-2(5H)-one
    97. 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3- 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    yl)methyl](2,2-difluoroethyl)-
    amino}furan-2(5H)-one
    98. 4-{[(6-Chloro-5-fluoropyrid-3- 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-
    furan-2(5H)-one
    99. 4-{[(6-Chloropyrid-3- 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
    yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-
    furan-2(5H)-one
    100. Spinetoram 125:1 to 1:50 25:1 to 1:25 5:1 to 1:5
  • According to the method proposed according to the invention, transgenic plants, in particular useful plants, are treated with the mixtures according to the invention to increase agricultural productivity. For the purpose of the invention, transgenic plants are plants which contain at least one “foreign gene”. The term “foreign gene” in this connection means a gene or gene fragment which may originate or be derived from another plant of the same species, from plants of a different species, but also from organisms from the animal kingdom or microorganisms (including viruses) (“foreign gene”) and/or, if appropriate, already has mutations compared to a naturally occurring gene or gene fragment. According to the invention, it is also possible to use synthetic genes or gene fragments, which is also included in the term “foreign gene” here. It is also possible for a transgenic plant to code for two or more foreign genes of different origin.
  • For the purpose of the invention, the “foreign gene” is further characterized in that it comprises a nucleic acid sequence which has a certain biological or chemical function or activity in the transgenic plant. In general, these genes code for biocatalysts, such as, for example, enzymes or ribozymes, or else they comprise regulatory sequences, such as, for example, promoters or terminators, for controlling the expression of endogenous proteins. However, to this end, they may also code for regulatory proteins, such as, for example, repressors or inductors. Furthermore, the foreign gene may also serve the targeted localization of a gene product of the transgenic plant, coding, for example, for a signal peptide. The foreign gene may also code for inhibitors, such as, for example, antisense RNA.
  • The person skilled in the art is readily familiar with numerous different methods for producing transgenic plants and methods for the targeted mutagenesis, for gene transformation and cloning, for example from: Willmitzer, 1993. Transgenic plants, in: Biotechnology, A Multivolume Comprehensive Treatise, Rehm et al. (eds.), Vol. 2, 627-659, VCH Weinheim, Germany; McCormick et al., 1986, Plant Cell Reports 5: 81-84; EP-A 0221044; EP-A 0131624, or Sambrook et al. 1989, “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual”, 3rd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Winnacker, 1996, “Gene und Klone” [Genes and Clones], 2nd Ed., VCH Weinheim or Christou, 1996, Trends in Plant Science 1: 423-431. Examples of transit or signal peptides or time- or site-specific promoters are disclosed, for example, in Braun et al., 1992, EMBO J. 11: 3219-3227; Wolter et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 846-850; Sonnewald et al., 1991, Plant J. 1: 95-106.
  • A good example of a complex genetic manipulation of a useful plant is the so-called GURT technology (“Genetic Use Restriction Technologies”) which allows the technical control of the propagation of the transgenic plant variety in question. To this end, in general two or three foreign genes are cloned into the useful plant which, in a complex interaction after administration of an external stimulus, trigger a cascade resulting in the death of the embryo which would otherwise develop. To this end, the external stimulus (for example an active compound or another chemical or abiotic stimulus) may interact, for example, with a repressor which then no longer suppresses the expression of a recombinase, so that the recombinase is able to cleave an inhibitor thus allowing expression of a toxin causing the embryo to die. Examples of this type of transgenic plants are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,723,765 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,034.
  • Accordingly, the person skilled in the art is familiar with processes for generating transgenic plants which, by virtue of the integration of regulatory foreign genes and the overexpression, suppression or inhibition of endogenous genes or gene sequences mediated in this manner, if appropriate, or by virtue of the existence or expression of foreign genes or fragments thereof, have modified properties.
  • As already discussed above, the method according to the invention allows better utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants. On the one hand, this may, if appropriate, be based on the fact that the application rate of the active compound which can be employed according to the invention can be reduced, for example by lowering the dose employed or else by reducing the number of applications. On the other hand, if appropriate, the yield of the useful plants may be increased quantitatively and/or qualitatively. This is true in particular in the case of a transgenically generated resistance to biotic or abiotic stress.
  • Depending on the plant species or plant varieties, their location and the growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation period, nutrients), these synergistic actions may vary and may be multifarious. Thus possible are, for example, reduced application rates and/or a widening of the activity spectrum and/or an increase of the activity of the compounds and compositions used according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased flowering, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, higher quality and/or higher nutrient value of the harvested products, increased storability and/or processibility of the harvested products, which exceed the effects normally to be expected.
  • These advantages are the result of a synergistic action, achieved according to the invention, between the mixtures according to the invention which can be employed and the respective principle of action of the genetic modification of the transgenic plant. This reduction of production means as a result of the synergism, with simultaneous yield or quality increase, is associated with considerable economical and ecological advantages.
  • A list of examples known to the person skilled in the art of transgenic plants, with the respective affected structure in the plant or the protein expressed by the genetic modification in the plant being mentioned, is compiled in Table 1. Here, the structure in question or the principle expressed is in each case grouped with a certain feature in the sense of a tolerance to a certain stress factor. A similar list (Table 3) compiles—in a slightly different arrangement—likewise examples of principles of action, tolerances induced thereby and possible useful plants. Further examples of transgenic plants suitable for the treatment according to the invention are compiled in Table 4.
  • In an advantageous embodiment, the mixtures according to the invention are used for treating transgenic plants comprising at least one foreign gene coding for a Bt toxin. A Bt toxin is a protein originating from or derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which either belongs to the group of the crystal toxins (Cry) or the cytolytic toxins (Cyt). In the bacterium, they are originally formed as protoxins and are only metabolized in alkaline medium—for example in the digestive tract of certain feed insects—to their active form. There, the active toxin then binds to certain hydrocarbon structures at cell surfaces causing pores to be formed which destroy the osmotic potential of the cell, which may effect cell lysis. The result is the death of the insects. Bt toxins are active in particular against certain harmful species from the orders of the Lepidoptera (butterflies), Homoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera (beetles) in all their development stages; i.e. from the egg larva via their juvenile forms to their adult forms.
  • It has been known for a long time that gene sequences coding for Bt toxins, parts thereof or else peptides or proteins derived from Bt toxins can be cloned with the aid of genetic engineering into agriculturally useful plants to generate transgenic plants having endogenous resistance to pests sensitive to Bt toxins. For the purpose of the invention, the transgenic plants coding for at least one Bt toxin or proteins derived therefrom are defined as “Bt plants”.
  • The “first generation” of such Bt plants generally only comprise the genes enabling the formation of a certain toxin, thus only providing resistance to one group of pathogens. An example of a commercially available maize variety comprising the gene for forming the Cry1Ab toxin is “YieldGard®” from Monsanto which is resistant to the European corn borer. In contrast, in the Bt cotton variety (Bollgard®), resistance to other pathogens from the family of the Lepidoptera is generated by introduction by cloning of the genes for forming the Cry1Ac toxin. Other transgenic crop plants, in turn, express genes for forming Bt toxins with activity against pathogens from the order of the Coleoptera. Examples that may be mentioned are the Bt potato variety “NewLeaf” (Monsanto) capable of forming the Cry3A toxin, which is thus resistant to the Colorado potato beetle, and the transgenic maize variety “YieldGard®” (Monsanto) which is capable of forming the Cry 3Bb1 toxin and is thus protected against various species of the Western corn rootworm.
  • In a “second generation”, the multiply transgenic plants, already described above, expressing or comprising at least two foreign genes were generated.
  • Preference according to the invention is given to transgenic plants with Bt toxins from the group of the Cry family (see, for example, Crickmore et al. 1998, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 807-812), which are particularly effective against Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. Examples of genes coding for the proteins are (Table A-1 to A-197):
  • (A-1) cry1Aa1; (A-2) cry1Aa2, (A-3) cry1Aa3; (A-4) cry1Aa4; (A-5) cry1Aa5; (A-6) cry1Aa6; (A-7) cry1Aa7; (A-8) cry1Aa8; (A-9) cry1Aa9; (A-10) cry1Aa10; (A-11) cry1Aa11, (A-12) cry1Ab1; (A-13) cry1Ab2; (A-14) cry1Ab3; (A-15) cry1Ab4; (A-16) cry1Ab5; (A-17) cry1Ab6; (A-18) cry1Ab7; (A-19) cry1Ab8; (A-20) cry1Ab9; (A-21) cry1Ab10; (A-22) cry1Ab11; (A-23) cry1Ab12; (A-24) cry1Ab13; (A-25) cry1Ab14; (A-26) cry1Ac1; (A-27) cry1Ac2; (A-28) cry1Ac3; (A-29) cry1Ac4; (A-30) cry1Ac5; (A-31) cry1Ac6; (A-32) cry1Ac7; (A-33) cry1Ac8; (A-34) cry1Ac9; (A-35) cry1Ac10; (A-36) cry11Ac11; (A-37) cry1Ac12; (A-38) cry1Ac13; (A-39) cry1Ad1; (A-40) cry1Ad2; (A-41) cry1Ae1; (A-42) cry1Af1; (A-43) cry1Ag1; (A-44) cry1Ba1; (A-45) cry1Ba2; (A-46) cry1Bb1; (A-47) cry1Bc1; (A-48) cry1Bd1; (A-49) cry1Be1; (A-50) cry1Ca1; (A-51) cry1Ca2; (A-52) cry1Ca3; (A-53) cry1Ca4; (A-54) cry1Ca5; (A-55) cry1Ca6; (A-56) cry1Ca7; (A-57) cry1Cb1; (A-58) cry1Cb2; (A-59) cry1Da1; (A-60) cry1Da2; (A-61) cry1Db1; (A-62) cry1Ea1; (A-63) cry1Ea2; (A-64) cry1Ea3; (A-65) cry1Ea4; (A-66) cry1Ea5; (A-67) cry1Ea6; (A-68) cry1Eb1; (A-69) cry1Fa1; (A-70) cry1Fa2; (A-71) cry1Fb1; (A-72) cry1Fb2; (A-73) cry1Fb3; (A-74) cry1Fb4; (A-75) cry1Ga1; (A-76) cry1Ga2; (A-77) cry1Gb1; (A-78) cry1Gb2; (A-79) cry1Ha1; (A-80) cry1Hb1; (A-81) cry1Ia1; (A-82) cry1Ia2; (A-83) cry1Ia3; (A-84) cry1Ia4; (A-85) cry1Ia5; (A-86) cry1Ia6; (A-87) cry1Ib1; (A-88) cry1Ic1; (A-89) cry1Id1; (A-90) cry1Ie1; (A-91) cry1I-like; (A-92) cry1Ja1; (A-93) cry1Jb1; (A-94) cry1Jc1; (A-95) cry1Ka1; (A-96) cry1-like; (A-97) cry2Aa1; (A-98) cry2Aa2; (A-99) cry2Aa3; (A-100) cry2Aa4; (A-101) cry2Aa5; (A-102) cry2Aa6; (A-103) cry2Aa7; (A-104) cry2Aa8; (A-105) cry2Aa9; (A-106) cry2Ab1; (A-107) cry2Ab2; (A-108) cry2Ab3; (A-109) cry2Ac1; (A-110) cry2Ac2; (A-111) cry2Ad1; (A-112) cry3Aa1; (A-113) cry3Aa2; (A-114) cry3Aa3; (A-115) cry3Aa4; (A-116) cry3Aa5; (A-117) cry3Aa6; (A-118) cry3Aa7; (A-119) cry3Ba1; (A-120) cry3Ba2; (A-121) cry3Bb1; (A-122) cry3Bb2; (A-123) cry3Bb3; (A-124) cry3Ca1; (A-125) cry4Aa1; (A-126) cry4Aa2; (A-127) cry4Ba1; (A-128) cry4Ba2; (A-129) cry4Ba3; (A-130) cry4Ba4; (A-131) cry5Aa1; (A-132) cry 5Ab1; (A-133) cry 5Ac1; (A-134) cry5Ba1; (A-135) cry6Aa1; (A-136) cry6Ba1; (A-137) cry7Aa1; (A-138) cry7Ab1; (A-139) cry7Ab2; (A-140) cry8Aa1; (A-141) cry8Ba1; (A-142) cry8Ca1; (A-143) cry9Aa1; (A-144) cry9Aa2; (A-145) cry9Ba1; (A-146) cry9Ca1; (A-147) cry9Da1; (A-148) cry9Da2; (A-149) cry9Ea1; (A-150) cry9 like; (A-151) cry10Aa1; (A-152) cry10Aa2; (A-153) cry11Aa1; (A-154) cry11Aa2; (A-155) cry11Ba1; (A-156) cry11Bb1; (A-157) cry12Aa1; (A-158) cry13Aa1; (A-159) cry14Aa1; (A-160) cry15Aa1; (A-161) cry 16Aa1; (A-162) cry17Aa1; (A-163) cry 18Aa1; (A-164) cry18Ba1; (A-165) cry18Ca1; (A-166) cry19Aa1; (A-167) cry19Ba1; (A-168) cry20Aa1; (A-169) cry21Aa1; (A-170) cry21Aa2; (A-171) cry22Aa1; (A-172) cry23Aa1; (A-173) cry24Aa1; (A-174) cry25Aa1; (A-175) cry26Aa1; (A-176) cry27Aa1; (A-177) cry28Aa1; (A-178) cry28Aa2; (A-179) cry29Aa1; (A-180) cry30Aa1; (A-181) cry31Aa1; (A-182) cyt1Aa1; (A-183) cyt1Aa2; (A-184) cyt1Aa3; (A-185) cyt1Aa4; (A-186) cyt1Ab1; (A-187) cyt1Ba1; (A-188) cyt2Aa1; (A-189) cyt2Ba1; (A-190) cyt2Ba2; (A-191) cyt2Ba3; (A-192) cyt2Ba4; (A-193) cyt2Ba5; (A-194) cyt2Ba6; (A-195) cyt2Ba7; (A-196) cyt2Ba8; (A-197) cyt2Bb1.
  • Particular preference is given to the genes or gene sections of the subfamilies cry1, cry2, cry3, cry5 and cry9: especially preferred are cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry3A, cry3B and cry9C.
  • Furthermore, it is preferred to use plants which, in addition to the genes for one or more Bt toxins, express or contain, if appropriate, also genes for expressing, for example, a protease or peptidase inhibitor (such as in WO-A 95/35031), of herbicide resistances (for example to glufosinate or glyphosate by expression of the pat gene or bar gene) or for becoming resistant to nematodes, fungi or viruses (for example by expressing a gluconase, chitinase). However, they may also be modified in their metabolic properties, so that they show a qualitative and/or quantitative change of ingredients (for example by modification of the energy, carbohydrate, fatty acid or nitrogen metabolism or by metabolite currents influencing these (see above).
  • A list of examples of principles of action which can be introduced by genetic modification into a useful plant and which are suitable for the treatment according to the invention on their own or in combination is compiled in Table 2. Under the header “AP” (active principle), this table contains the respective principle of action and associated therewith the pest to be controlled.
  • In a particularly preferred variant, the process according to the invention is used for treating transgenic vegetable, maize, soya bean, cotton, tobacco, rice, potato, sunflower, rape and sugar beet varieties. These are preferably Bt plants.
  • The vegetable plants or varieties are, for example, the following useful plants:
      • potatoes: preferably starch potatoes, sweet potatoes and table potatoes;
      • root vegetables: preferably carrots, turnips (swedes, stubble turnips (Brassica rapa var. rapa), spring turnips, autumn turnips (Brassica campestris ssp. rapifera), Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapa f. teltowiensis), scorzonera, Jerusalem artichoke, turnip-rooted parsley, parsnip, radish and horseradish;
      • tuber vegetables: preferably kohlrabi, beetroot, celeriac, garden radish;
      • bulb crops: preferably scallion, leek and onions (planting onions and seed onions);
      • brassica vegetables: preferably headed cabbage (white cabbage, red cabbage, kale, savoy cabbage), cauliflowers, broccoli, curly kale, marrow-stem kale, seakale and Brussels sprouts;
      • fruiting vegetables: preferably tomatoes (outdoor tomatoes, vine-ripened tomatoes, beef tomatoes, greenhouse tomatoes, cocktail tomatoes, industrial and fresh market tomatoes), melons, eggplants, aubergines, pepper (sweet pepper and hot pepper, Spanish pepper), chilli pepper, pumpkins, courgettes and cucumbers (outdoor cucumbers, greenhouse cucumbers snake gourds and gherkins);
      • vegetable pulses: preferably bush beans (as sword beans, string beans, flageolet beans, wax beans, corn beans of green- and yellow-podded cultivars), pole beans (as sword beans, string beans, flageolet beans, wax beans of green-, blue- and yellow-podded cultivars), broadbeans (field beans, Windsor beans, cultivars having white- and black-spotted flowers), peas (chickling vetch, chickpeas, marrow peas, shelling peas, sugar-peas, smooth peas, cultivars having light- and dark-green fresh fruits) and lentils;
      • green vegetables and stem vegetables: preferably Chinese cabbage, round-headed garden lettuce, curled lettuce, lamb's-lettuce, iceberg lettuce, romaine lettuce, oakleaf lettuce, endives, radicchio, lollo rossa, ruccola lettuce, chicory, spinach, chard (leaf chard and stem chard) and parsley;
      • other vegetables: preferably asparagus, rhubarb, chives, artichokes, mint varieties, sunflowers, Florence fennel, dill, garden cress, mustard, poppy seed, peanuts, sesame und salad chicory.
  • Bt vegetables including exemplary methods for preparing them are described in detail, for example, in Barton et al., 1987, Plant Physiol. 85: 1103-1109; Vaeck et al., 1987, Nature 328: 33-37; Fischhoff et al., 1987, Bio/Technology 5: 807-813. In addition, Bt vegetable plants are already known as commercial varieties, for example the potato cultivar NewLeaf® (Monsanto). The preparation of Bt vegetables is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,105.
  • Likewise, Bt cotton is already known in principle, for example from U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,938 or from Prietro-Samsonór et al., J. Ind. Microbiol. & Biotechn. 1997, 19, 202, and H. Agaisse and D. Lereclus, J. Bacteriol. 1996, 177, 6027. Different varieties of Bt cotton, too, are already commercially available, for example under the name NuCOTN® (Deltapine (USA)). In the context of the present invention, particular preference is given to Bt cotton NuCOTN33® and NuCOTN33B®.
  • The use and preparation of Bt maize has likewise already been known for a long time, for example from Ishida, Y., Saito, H., Ohta, S., Hiei, Y., Komari, T., and Kumnashiro, T. (1996). High efficiency transformation of maize (Zea mayz L.) mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Nature Biotechnology 4: 745-750. EP-B-0485506, too, describes the preparation of Bt maize plants. Furthermore, different varieties of Bt maize are commercially available, for example under the following names (company/companies is/are in each case given in brackets): KnockOut® (Novartis Seeds), NaturGard® (Mycogen Seeds), Yieldgard® (Novartis Seeds, Monsanto, Cargill, Golden Harvest, Pioneer, DeKalb inter alia), Bt-Xtra® (DeKalb) and StarLink® (Aventis CropScience, Garst inter alia). For the purpose of the present invention, particular preference is given especially to the following maize cultivars: KnockOut®, NaturGard®, Yieldgard®, Bt-Xtra® and StarLink®.
  • For rape, InVigor® cultivars resistant to the herbicide glufosinate are available and can be treated according to the invention. These cultivars are also distinguished by an improved crop yield.
  • For soya beans, too, Roundup®Ready cultivar or cultivars resistant to the herbicide Liberty Link® are available and can be treated according to the invention. In the case of rice, a large number of “Golden Rice” lines are available which are likewise characterized in that, by virtue of a transgenic modification, they have an increased content of provitamin A. They, too, are examples of plants which can be treated by the method according to the invention, with the advantages described.
  • The method according to the invention is suitable for controlling a large number of harmful organisms which occur in particular in vegetables, maize, soya bean, cotton, rice, tobacco, rape, potatoes, sugar beet and sunflowers preferably arthropods and nematodes, in particular insects and arachnids. The pests mentioned include:
  • From the order of the Isopoda, for example, Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare, Porcellio scaber.
  • From the order of the Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus.
  • From the order of the Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus carpophagus, Scutigera spp.
  • From the order of the Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella immaculata.
  • From the order of the Thysanura, for example, Lepisma saccharina.
  • From the order of the Collembola, for example, Onychiurus armatus.
  • From the order of the Orthoptera, for example, Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca gregaria.
  • From the order of the Blattaria, for example, Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica.
  • From the order of the Dermaptera, for example, Forficula auricularia.
  • From the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp.
  • From the order of the Phthiraptera, for example, Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia spp.
  • From the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Hercinothrips femoralis, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.
  • From the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma spp.
  • From the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp. Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.
  • From the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Chematobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea. Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.
  • From the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.
  • From the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp. Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
  • From the order of the Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp. Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella flit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Ilylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp.
  • From the order of the Siphonaptera, for example, Xenopsylla cheopis, Ceratophyllus spp.
  • From the class of the Arachnida, for example, Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp., Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp.
  • The plant-parasitic nematodes include, for example, Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus semipenetrans, Ileterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp., Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinerna spp., Trichodorus spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.
  • The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for treating sugar beet or Bt vegetables, Bt maize, Bt cotton, Bt soya beans, Bt tobacco, and also Bt rice. Bt potatoes, Bt rape or Bt sunflowers for controlling insects from the order of the Isoptera, for example, Reticulitermes spp., from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example, Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis, from the order of the Heteroptera, for example, Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, from the order of the Homoptera, for example, Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example, Pectinophora gossypiella, Chematobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp. Chilo spp. Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Capua reticulana, Clysia ambiguella, Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae, from the order of the Coleoptera, for example, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Meligethes aeneus, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example, Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp. or from the order of the Diptera, for example, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae, Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza spp.
  • The active compound combinations can be employed in customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural compounds impregnated with active compound, synthetic substances impregnated with active compound, fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • These formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing the active compounds with extenders, i.e. liquid solvents and/or solid carriers, if appropriate using surfactants, i.e. emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam-formers. The formulations are prepared either in suitable plants or else before or during application.
  • Wettable powders are preparations which can be dispersed homogeneously in water and which, in addition to the active compound and beside a diluent or inert substance, also comprise wetting agents, for example polyethoxylated alkylphenols, polyethoxylated fatty alcohols, alkylsulphonates or alkylphenylsulphonates and dispersants, for example sodium lignosulphonate, sodium 2,2′-dinaphthylmethane-6,6′-disulphonate.
  • Dusts are obtained by grinding the active compound with finely distributed solid substances, for example talc, natural clays, such as kaolin, bentonite, pyrophillite or diatomaceous earth. Granules can be prepared either by spraying the active compound onto granular inert material capable of adsorption or by applying active compound concentrates to the surface of carrier substances, such as sand, kaolinites or granular inert material, by means of adhesives, for example polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate or mineral oils. Suitable active compounds can also be granulated in the manner customary for the preparation of fertilizer granules—if desired as a mixture with fertilizers.
  • Suitable for use as auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting to the composition itself and/or to preparations derived therefrom (for example spray liquors, seed dressings) particular properties such as certain technical properties and/or also particular biological properties. Typical suitable auxiliaries are: extenders, solvents and carriers.
  • Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons (such as paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), the alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), the ketones (such as acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, the unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (such as N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, the sulphones and sulphoxides (such as dimethyl sulphoxide).
  • If the extender used is water, it is also possible to employ, for example, organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. Essentially, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example petroleum fractions, mineral and vegetable oils, alcohols such as butanol or glycol and also their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide, and also water.
  • Suitable solid carriers are:
  • for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates; suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, and also synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks; suitable emulsifiers and/or foam-formers are: for example, nonionic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates and also protein hydrolysates; suitable dispersants are nonionic and/or ionic substances, for example from the classes of the alcohol-POE and/or -POP ethers, acid and/or POP POE esters, alkylaryl and/or POP POE ethers, fat and/or POP POE adducts, POE- and/or POP-polyol derivatives, POE- and/or POP-sorbitan or -sugar adducts, alkyl or aryl sulphates, alkyl- or arylsulphonates and alkyl or aryl phosphates or the corresponding PO-ether adducts. Furthermore, suitable oligo- or polymers, for example those derived from vinylic monomers, from acrylic acid, from EO and/or PO alone or in combination with, for example, (poly)alcohols or (poly)amines. It is also possible to employ lignin and its sulphonic acid derivatives, unmodified and modified celluloses, aromatic and/or aliphatic sulphonic acids and their adducts with formaldehyde.
  • Tackifiers such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, can be used in the formulations.
  • It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • Other possible additives are perfumes, mineral or vegetable, optionally modified oils, waxes and nutrients (including trace nutrients), such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.
  • Stabilizers, such as low-temperature stabilizers, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability may also be present.
  • These individual types of formulation are known in principle and are described, for example, in: Winnacker-Küchler, 1986, “Chemische Technologie” [Chemical Technology], Volume 7, 4th Ed., C. Hauser Verlag Munich; van Falkenberg, 1972-73, “Pesticides Formulations”, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker N.Y.; Martens, 1979, “Spray Drying Handbook”, 3rd Ed., G. Goodwin Ltd. London.
  • Based on his general expert knowledge, the person skilled in the art is able to choose suitable formulation auxiliaries (in this context, see, for example, Watkins, “Handbook of Insecticide Dust Diluents and Carriers”, 2nd Ed., Darland Books, Caldwell N.J.; v. Olphen, “Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry”, 2nd Ed., J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y.; Marsden, “Solvents Guide”, 2nd Ed., Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, “Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual”, MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood, N.J.; Sisley and Wood, “Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents”, Chem. Publ. Co. Inc., N.Y. 1964; Schönfeldt, “Grenzflächenaktive Äthylenoxidaddukte” [Surface-active Ethylene Oxide Adducts], Wiss. Verlagsgesell., Stuttgart 1967; Winnacker-Küchler, “Chemische Technologie” [Chemical Technology], Volume 7, 4th Ed., C. Hanser Verlag Munich 1986.
  • The active compound combinations according to the invention, in commercially available formulations and in the use forms prepared from these formulations, can be present in a mixture with other known active compounds such as insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators or herbicides. The insecticides include, for example, phosphoric esters, carbamates, carboxylic esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylureas, substances produced by microorganisms, and the like.
  • A mixture with other known active compounds such as fertilizers is also possible.
  • When used as insecticides, the active compound combinations according to the invention in their commercially available formulations and in the use forms which are prepared from these formulations may furthermore be present as a mixture with synergists. Synergists are compounds by which the action of the active compounds is increased without it being necessary for the synergist added to be active itself.
  • In general, the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 98% by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.5 to 90%. In wettable powders, the active compound concentration is, for example, from about 10 to 90% by weight, the remainder to 100% by weight consisting of customary formulation components. In the case of emulsifiable concentrates, the active compound concentration can be from about 5 to 80% by weight. In most cases, formulations in the form of dusts comprise from 5 to 20% by weight of active compound, sprayable solutions comprise about 2 to 20% by weight. In the case of granules, the active compound content depends partially on whether the active compound is present in liquid or solid form and on which granulation auxiliaries, fillers, etc., are used.
  • The use is accomplished in a customary manner adapted to the use forms, preferably by means of leaf and drenching application.
  • The treatment according to the invention of the transgenic plants with the combinations of active compounds is effected directly or by action on their surroundings, habitat or storage space according to customary methods of treatment, for example by immersion, spraying, evaporating, pouring on, misting, scattering, painting on and in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case of seeds, further by applying one or more coats.
  • The required application rate may also vary with external conditions such as, inter alia, temperature and humidity. It may vary within wide limits, for example between 0.1 g/h and 5.0 kg/ha or more of active substance. Owing to the synergistic effects between Bt vegetables and the active compound combinations according to the invention, particular preference is given to application rates of from 0.1 to 500 g/ha. Particular preference is given to application rates of from 10 to 500 g/ha, especially preferred are 10 to 200 g/ha.
  • The active compound content of the use forms prepared from the commercial formulations may vary within wide limits. The active compound concentration of the use forms may be from 0.0000001 to 95% by weight of active compound and is, preferably between 0.0001 and 1% by weight.
  • TABLE 1
    Feature of the plant/tolerance to
    Plant: Maize
    Structure affected or principle expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,
    cyclohexanedione
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazole, pyridine derivative,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea
    dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1-Gen) Helminthosporium turcicum,
    Rhopalosiphum maydis, Diplodia
    maydis, Ostrinia nubilalis, Lepidoptera sp.
    CMIII (small basic peptide building block plant pathogens e.g. Fusarium, Alternaria,
    from maize grain) Sclerotina
    Com-SAFP (zeamatin) plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium,
    Alternaria, Sclerotina, Rhizoctonia,
    Chaetomium, Phycomycen
    Hm1-gene Cochliobulus
    chitinases plant pathogens
    glucanases plant pathogens
    envelope proteins viruses, such as the Maize dwarf mosaic virus
    (MDMV)
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus and nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,
    Xenorhabdus toxins Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g.
    Spodoptera frugiperda, Western corn
    rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis ipsilon, Asian
    corn borer, weevils
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon,
    Asian corn borer, weevils
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    aminopeptidase inhibitors (LAPI) nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,
    Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera
    frugiperda, Western corn rootworm, Sesamia
    sp., Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    limonene synthase Western corn rootworm
    lectin Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    protease inhibitors e.g. cystatin, patatin, weevils, Western corn rootworm
    virgiferin, CPTI
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    5C9-maize polypeptide Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, nematodes,
    e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis, Heliothis zea,
    armyworms e.g. Spodoptera frugiperda,
    Western corn rootworm, Sesamia sp., Aprotis
    ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    Plant: Wheat
    Structure affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,
    cyclohexanedione
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol
    or isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium
    glucose oxidase plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    and other diseases
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria and
    a hypersensitivity reaction other diseases
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases plant pathogens
    glucanases plant pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes
    lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, e.g. Ostrinia nubilalis,
    Heliothis zea, armyworms e.g. Spodoptera
    frugiperda, Western corn rootworm, Sesamia
    sp., Aprotis ipsilon, Asian corn borer, weevils
    Plant: Barley
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogens, e.g. Septoria and Fusarium
    glucose oxidase plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria
    and other diseases
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens, e.g. Fusarium, Septoria and
    a hypersensitivity reaction other diseases
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases plant pathogens
    glucanases plant pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and nematodes
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor nematodes
    lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    virgiferin, CPTI nematodes, aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera,
    nematodes, aphids
    Plant: Rice
    Structure affected/principle expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,
    cyclohexanedione
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP plant pathogens
    glucose oxidase plant pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene plant pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases plant pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial
    foliar mildew and inducible rice blast
    phytoalexins plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial
    foliar mildew and rice blast
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial
    foliar mildew and rice blast
    receptor kinase plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial
    foliar mildew and rice blast
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial
    foliar mildew and rice blast
    glucanases plant pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
    Xenorhabdus toxins Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g. rice brown
    planthopper
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
    Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g. rice brown
    planthopper
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
    Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g. rice brown
    planthopper
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus
    oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.
    rice brown planthopper
    lectins Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus
    oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.
    rice brown planthopper
    protease inhibitors Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus,
    Diptera, rice planthoppers e.g. rice brown
    planthopper
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus
    oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers, e.g.
    rice brown planthopper
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, e.g. stem borer, Coleoptera,
    e.g. weevils such as Lissorhoptrus
    oryzophilus, Diptera, rice planthoppers e.g.
    rice brown planthopper
    Plant: Soya bean
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    phytoalexins plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar
    mildew and rice blast
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) plant pathogens, e.g. bacterial foliar
    mildew and rice blast
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering plant pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Fusarium, Sclerotinia, stem rot
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BPMV and
    SbMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BYDV and
    MSMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. virgiferin Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, aphids
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    Plant: Potato
    Structure affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase black spot
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora,
    ribonuclease Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    cecropin B bacteria such as, for example, Corynebacterium
    sepedonicum, Erwinia carotovora
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    a hypersensitivity reaction example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    gene 49 for controlling disease resistance bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    trans-aldolase (antisense) black spot
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    nuclear inclusion proteins, e.g. a or b viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    replicase viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    TRV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    peroxidase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    stilbene synthase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    lectins Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    ribosomene-inactivating protein Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Coleoptera, e.g. Colorado beetle, aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    Plant: Tomato
    Structure affected/principle expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolepyrimidines, pyrimidyloxybenzoates,
    phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid,
    cyclohexanedione
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isooxazoles, such as isoxaflutol or
    isoxachlortol,
    triones, such as mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles, such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    Cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides, such as
    sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase black spot
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, Phytophtora
    ribonuclease Phytophtora, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 leaf mould
    osmotin early blight
    alpha hordothionin bakteria
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    12 fusarium resistance site Fusarium
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    a hypersensitivity reaction example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as, for
    example, bacterial blotch, Fusarium,
    soft rot, powdery mildew, foliar blight,
    leaf mould etc.
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    nucleoprotein TRV
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    replicase viruses such as, for example, PLRV, PVY and
    ToMoV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and aphids
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor aphids
    lectins Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera e.g. Heliothis, whitefly,
    aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    Plant: Bell Pepper
    Structure affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens, rot,
    leaf mould, etc.
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Ct5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens
    12 Fusarium resistance site Fusarium
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    replicase viruses such as, for example, CMV, TEV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, whitefly, aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    Plant: Grapevines
    Structure affected/principle expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    (antisense) Botrytis and powdery mildew
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    poly-peptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis
    a hypersensitivity reaction and powdery mildew
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Botrytis and powdery mildew
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as Botrytis
    and powdery mildew
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses
    envelope proteins viruses
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses
    replicase viruses
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin Lepidoptera, aphids
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes or general diseases
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes
    or root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Oilseed rape
    Structure affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    (antisense) Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    a hypersensitivity reaction Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    nematodes
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cylindrosporium, Phoma, Sclerotinia
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses
    envelope proteins viruses
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses
    replicase viruses
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids
    CPTI
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Brassica vegetables (cabbage, Brussels sprouts etc.)
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and flingal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses
    envelope proteins viruses
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses
    replicase viruses
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids
    CPTI
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    cyst nematodes
    Plants: Pomaceous fruit, e.g. apples, pears
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    (antisense) storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    metallothionein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    ribonuclease bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    oxalate oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    glucose oxidase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    cecropin B bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    osmotin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    alpha hordothionine bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    systemin bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    Prf control gene bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    phytoalexins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    receptor kinase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    a hypersensitivity reaction storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    lysozyme bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    chitinases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    barnase bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    glucanases bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    storage scab on apples or fire-blight
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses
    envelope proteins viruses
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses
    replicase viruses
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    CPTI
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, diseases, mites
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Melon
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    (antisense) Phytophtora
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    a hypersensitivity reaction Phytophtora
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens such as
    Phytophtora
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    ZYMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    ZYMV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    ZYMV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    nucleoprotein ZYMV
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    ZYMV
    replicase viruses such as CMV, PRSV, WMV2, SMV,
    ZYMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    CPTI, virgiferin
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, whitefly
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Banana
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    (BBTV)
    envelope proteins viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    (BBTV)
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    (BBTV)
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    nucleoprotein (BBTV)
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    (BBTV)
    replicase viruses such as the Banana Bunchy Top Virus
    (BBTV)
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    aminopeptidase inhibitor
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    CPTI, virgiferin
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Cotton
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthese
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    envelope proteins viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    replicase viruses such as the wound tumour virus (WTV)
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    CPTI, virgiferin whitefly
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Sugar cane
    Feature affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.
    Clavibacter
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    replicase viruses such as SCMV, SrMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    Xenorhabdus toxins rice borer
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles such as e.g. the Mexican
    rice borer
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plant: Sunflower
    Structure affected/protein expressed
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example,
    sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.
    Sclerotinia
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as CMV, TMV
    envelope proteins viruses such as CMV, TMV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as CMV, TMV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as CMV, TMV
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as CMV, TMV
    replicase viruses such as CMV, TMV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced at nematode feeding sites root-cyst nematodes
    Plants: Sugar beet, turnips
    acetolactate synthase (ALS) sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones
    triazolopyrimidines,
    pyrimidyloxybenzoates, phthalides
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) aryloxyphenoxyalkanecarboxylic acids,
    cyclohexanediones
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) isoxazoles such as, for example, isoxaflutole or
    isoxachlortole, triones such as, for example,
    mesotrione or sulcotrione
    phosphinothricin acetyltransferase phosphinothricin
    O-methyl transferase modified lignin content
    glutamine synthetase glufosinate, bialaphos
    adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) inhibitors of IMP and AMP synthesis
    adenylosuccinate synthase inhibitors of adenylosuccinate synthesis
    anthranilate synthase inhibitors of tryptophan synthesis and
    degradation
    nitrilase 3,5-dihalo-4-hydroxybenzonitriles such as
    bromoxynil and loxinyl
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate glyphosate or sulphosate
    synthase (EPSPS)
    glyphosate oxidoreductase glyphosate or sulphosate
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) diphenyl ethers, cyclic imides,
    phenylpyrazoles, pyridine derivatives,
    phenopylate, oxadiazoles etc.
    cytochrome P450 e.g. P450 SU1 or selection xenobiotics and herbicides such as, for
    example, sulphonylurea compounds
    polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    (antisense)
    metallothionein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    ribonuclease bacterial or fungal pathogens
    antifungal polypeptid AlyAFP bacterial or fungal pathogens
    oxalate oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens, e.g.
    Sclerotinia
    glucose oxidase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    pyrrolnitrin synthesis genes bacterial or fungal pathogens
    serine/threonine kinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    cecropin B bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Cf genes, e.g. Cf 9 Cf5 Cf4 Cf2 bacterial or fungal pathogens
    osmotin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    alpha hordothionine bacterial or fungal pathogens
    systemin bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polygalacturonase inhibitors bacterial or fungal pathogens
    Prf control gene bacterial or fungal pathogens
    phytoalexins bacterial or fungal pathogens
    B-1,3-glucanase (antisense) bacterial or fungal pathogens
    AX + WIN-proteins bacterial and fungal pathogens such as
    Cercospora beticola
    receptor kinase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    polypeptide having the effect of triggering bacterial or fungal pathogens
    a hypersensitivity reaction
    systemic aquired resistance (SAR) genes viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodal
    pathogens
    lytic protein bacterial or fungal pathogens
    lysozyme bacterial or fungal pathogens
    chitinases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    barnase bacterial or fungal pathogens
    glucanases bacterial or fungal pathogens
    double-strand ribonuclease viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    envelope proteins viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    17 kDa or 60 kDa protein viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    nuclear inclusion proteins e.g. a or b or viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    nucleoprotein
    pseudoubiquitin viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    replicase viruses such as, for example, BNYVV
    toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, VIP 3, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    Bacillus cereus toxins, Photorabdus and whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    Xenorhabdus toxins
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    peroxidase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    aminopeptidase inhibitors, e.g. leucine Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    aminopeptidase inhibitor whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    lectins Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    protease inhibitors, e.g. cystatin, patatin, Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    CPTI, virgiferin whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    ribosome-inactivating protein Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    stilbene synthase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    HMG-CoA reductase Lepidoptera, aphids, mites, nematodes,
    whitefly, beetles, root-flies
    hatching factor for cyst nematodes cyst nematodes
    barnase nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    cyst nematodes
    beet cyst nematode resistance site cyst nematodes
    CBI root-knot nematodes
    principles for preventing food uptake nematodes, e.g. root-knot nematodes and
    induced root-cyst nematodes
  • TABLE 2
    AP Control of
    CrylA(a) Adoxophyes spp.
    CrylA(a) Agrotis spp.
    CrylA(a) Alabama argiliaceae
    CrylA(a) Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CrylA(a) Chilo spp.
    CrylA(a) Clysia ambiguella
    CrylA(a) Crocidolomia binotalis
    CrylA(a) Cydia spp.
    CrylA(a) Diparopsis castanea
    CrylA(a) Earias spp.
    CrylA(a) Ephestia spp.
    CrylA(a) Heliothis spp.
    CrylA(a) Heliula undalis
    CrylA(a) Keiferia lycopersicella
    CrylA(a) Leucoptera scitella
    CrylA(a) Lithocollethis spp.
    CrylA(a) Lobesia botrana
    CrylA(a) Ostrinia nubilalis
    CrylA(a) Pandemis spp.
    CrylA(a) Pectinophora gossyp.
    CrylA(a) Phyllocnistis citrella
    CrylA(a) Pieris spp.
    CrylA(a) Plutella xylostella
    CrylA(a) Scirpophaga spp.
    CrylA(a) Sesamia spp.
    CrylA(a) Sparganothis spp.
    CrylA(a) Spodoptera spp.
    CrylA(a) Tortrix spp.
    CrylA(a) Trichoplusia ni
    CrylA(a) Agriotes spp.
    CrylA(a) Anthonomus grandis
    CrylA(a) Curculio spp.
    CrylA(a) Diabrotica balteata
    CrylA(a) Leptinotarsa spp.
    CrylA(a) Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CrylA(a) Otiorhynchus spp.
    CrylA(a) Aleurothrixus spp.
    CrylA(a) Aleyrodes spp.
    CrylA(a) Aonidiella spp.
    CrylA(a) Aphididea spp.
    CrylA(a) Aphis spp.
    CrylA(a) Bemisia tabaci
    CrylA(a) Empoasca spp.
    CrylA(a) Mycus spp.
    CrylA(a) Nephotettix spp.
    CrylA(a) Nilaparvata spp.
    CrylA(a) Pseudococcus spp.
    CrylA(a) Psylla spp.
    CrylA(a) Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CrylA(a) Schizaphis spp.
    CrylA(a) Trialeurodes spp.
    CrylA(a) Lyriomyza spp.
    CrylA(a) Oscinella spp.
    CrylA(a) Phorbia spp.
    CrylA(a) Frankliniella spp.
    CrylA(a) Thrips spp.
    CrylA(a) Scirtothrips aurantii
    CrylA(a) Aceria spp.
    CrylA(a) Aculus spp.
    CrylA(a) Brevipaipus spp.
    CrylA(a) Panonychus spp.
    CrylA(a) Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CrylA(a) Tetranychus spp.
    CrylA(a) Heterodera spp.
    CrylA(a) Meloidogyne spp.
    CrylA(b) Adoxophyes spp
    CrylA(b) Agrotis spp
    CrylA(b) Alabama argillaceae
    CrylA(b) Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CrylA(b) Chilo spp.
    CrylA(b) Ciysia ambiguella
    CrylA(b) Crocidolomia binotaiis
    CrylA(b) Cydia spp.
    CrylA(b) Diparopsis castanea
    CrylA(b) Earias spp.
    CrylA(b) Ephestia spp.
    CrylA(b) Heliothis spp.
    CrylA(b) Hellula undalis
    CrylA(b) Keiferia lycopersicella
    CrylA(b) Leucoptera scitella
    CrylA(b) Lithocollethis spp.
    CrylA(b) Lobesia botrana
    CrylA(b) Ostrinia nubilalis
    CrylA(b) Pandemis spp.
    CrylA(b) Pectinophora gossyp.
    CrylA(b) Phyllocnistis citrella
    CrylA(b) Pieris spp.
    CrylA(b) Plutelia xyiostella
    CrylA(b) Scirpophaga spp.
    CrylA(b) Sesamia spp.
    CrylA(b) Sparganothis spp.
    CrylA(b) Spodoptera spp.
    CrylA(b) Tortrix spp.
    CrylA(b) Trichoplusia ni
    CrylA(b) Agriotes spp.
    CrylA(b) Anthonomus grandis
    CrylA(b) Curculio spp.
    CrylA(b) Diabrotica balteata
    CrylA(b) Leptinotarsa spp.
    CrylA(b) Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CrylA(b) Otiorhynchus spp.
    CrylA(b) Aleurothrixus spp.
    CrylA(b) Aleyrodes spp.
    CrylA(b) Aonidiella spp.
    CrylA(b) Aphididae spp.
    CrylA(b) Aphis spp.
    CrylA(b) Bemisia tabaci
    CrylA(b) Empoasca spp.
    CrylA(b) Mycus spp.
    CrylA(b) Nephotettix spp.
    CrylA(b) Nilaparvata spp.
    CrylA(b) Pseudococcus spp.
    CrylA(b) Psylla spp.
    CrylA(b) Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CrylA(b) Schizaphis spp.
    CrylA(b) Trialeurodes spp.
    CrylA(b) Lyriomyza spp.
    CrylA(b) Oscinella spp.
    CrylA(b) Phorbia spp.
    CrylA(b) Frankliniella spp.
    CrylA(b) Thrips spp.
    CrylA(b) Scirtothrips aurantii
    CrylA(b) Aceria spp.
    CrylA(b) Aculus spp.
    CrylA(b) Brevipalpus spp.
    CrylA(b) Panonychus spp.
    CrylA(b) Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CrylA(b) Tetranychus spp.
    CrylA(b) Heterodera spp.
    CrylA(b) Meloidogyne spp.
    CrylA(c) Adoxophyes spp.
    CrylA(c) Agrotis spp.
    CrylA(c) Alabama argillaceae
    CrylA(c) Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CrylA(c) Chilo spp.
    CrylA(c) Ciysia ambiguella
    CrylA(c) Crocidolomia binotalis
    CrylA(c) Cydia spp.
    CrylA(c) Diparopsis castanea
    CrylA(c) Earias spp.
    CrylA(c) Ephestia spp.
    CrylA(c) Heliothis spp.
    CrylA(c) Hellula undalis
    CrylA(c) Keiferia lycopersicella
    CrylA(c) Leucoptera scitella
    CrylA(c) Lithocollethis spp.
    CrylA(c) Lobesia botrana
    CrylA(c) Ostrinia nubilalis
    CrylA(c) Pandemis spp.
    CrylA(c) Pectinophora gossypielia.
    CrylA(c) Phyllocnistis citrella
    CrylA(c) Pieris spp.
    CrylA(c) Plutella xyiostella
    CrylA(c) Scirpophaga spp.
    CrylA(c) Sesamia spp.
    CrylA(c) Sparganothis spp.
    CrylA(c) Spodoptera spp.
    CrylA(c) Tortrix spp.
    CrylA(c) Trichoplusia ni
    CrylA(c) Agriotes spp.
    CrylA(c) Anthonomus grandis
    CrylA(c) Curculio spp.
    CrylA(c) Diabrotica baiteata
    CrylA(c) Leptinotarsa spp.
    CrylA(c) Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CrylA(c) Otiorhynchus spp.
    CrylA(c) Aleurothrixus spp.
    CrylA(c) Aleyrodes spp.
    CrylA(c) Aonidiella spp.
    CrylA(c) Aphididae spp.
    CrylA(c) Aphis spp.
    CrylA(c) Bemisia tabaci
    CrylA(c) Empoasca spp.
    CrylA(c) Mycus spp.
    CrylA(c) Nephotettix spp.
    CrylA(c) Nilaparvata spp.
    CrylA(c) Pseudococcus spp.
    CrylA(c) Psylla spp.
    CrylA(c) Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CrylA(c) Schizaphis spp.
    CrylA(c) Trialeurodes spp.
    CrylA(c) Lyriomyza spp.
    CrylA(c) Oscinelia spp.
    CrylA(c) Phorbia spp.
    CrylA(c) Frankliniella spp.
    CrylA(c) Thrips spp.
    CrylA(c) Scirtothrips aurantii
    CrylA(c) Aceria spp.
    CrylA(c) Aculus spp.
    CrylA(c) Brevipalpus spp.
    CrylA(c) Panonychus spp.
    CrylA(c) Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CrylA(c) Tetranychus spp.
    CrylA(c) Heterodera spp.
    CrylA(c) Meloidogyne spp.
    CryllA Adoxophyes spp.
    CryllA Agrotis spp.
    CryllA Alabama argillaceae
    CryllA Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CryllA Chilo spp.
    CryllA Clysia ambiguella
    CryllA Crocidolomia binotalis
    CryllA Cydia spp.
    CryllA Diparopsis castanea
    CryllA Earias spp.
    CryllA Ephestia spp.
    CryllA Heliothis spp.
    CryllA Hellula undalis
    CryllA Keiferia lycopersicella
    CryllA Leucoptera scitella
    CryllA Lithocoliethis spp.
    CryllA Lobesia botrana
    CryllA Ostrinia nubilalis
    CryllA Pandemis spp.
    CryllA Pectinophora gossyp.
    CryllA Phyllocnistis citrella
    CryllA Pieris spp.
    CryllA Plutella xylostella
    CryllA Scirpophaga spp.
    CryllA Sesamia spp.
    CryllA Sparganothis spp.
    CryllA Spodoptera spp.
    CryllA Tortrix spp.
    CryllA Trichoplusia ni
    CryllA Agriotes spp.
    CryllA Anthonomus grandis
    CryllA Curculio spp.
    CryllA Diabrotica balteata
    CryllA Leptinotarsa spp.
    CryllA Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CryllA Otiorhynchus spp.
    CryllA Aleurothrixus spp.
    CryllA Aleyrodes spp.
    CryllA Aonidiella spp.
    CryllA Aphididae spp.
    CryllA Aphis spp.
    CryllA Bemisia tabaci
    CryllA Empoasca spp.
    CryllA Mycus spp.
    CryllA Nephotettix spp.
    CryllA Nilaparvata spp.
    CryllA Pseudococcus spp.
    CryllA Psyila spp.
    CryllA Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CryllA Schizaphis spp.
    CryllA Trialeurodes spp.
    CryllA Lyriomyza spp.
    CryllA Oscinella spp.
    CryllA Phorbia spp.
    CryllA Frankliniella spp.
    CryllA Thrips spp.
    CryllA Scirtothrips aurantii
    CryllA Aceria spp.
    CryllA Acutus spp.
    CryllA Brevipalpus spp.
    CryllA Panonychus spp.
    CryllA Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CryllA Tetranychus spp.
    CryllA Heterodera spp.
    CryllA Meloidogyne spp.
    CrylllA Adoxophyes spp.
    CrylllA Agrotis spp.
    CrylllA Alabama argiiiaceae
    CrylllA Anticarsia gemmataiis
    CrylllA Chilo spp.
    CrylllA Ciysia ambiguelia
    CrylllA Crocodolomia binotalis
    CrylllA Cydia spp.
    CrylllA Diparopsis castanea
    CrylllA Earias spp.
    CrylllA Ephestia spp.
    CrylllA Heliothis spp.
    CrylllA Hellula undalis
    CrylllA Keiferia lycopersicella
    CrylllA Leucoptera scitella
    CrylllA Lithocollethis spp.
    CrylllA Lobesia botrana
    CrylllA Ostrinia nubilalis
    CrylllA Pandemis spp.
    CrylllA Pectinophora gossyp.
    CrylllA Phyllocnistis citrella
    CrylllA Pieris spp.
    CrylllA Plutella xylostella
    CrylllA Scirpophaga spp.
    CrylllA Sesamia spp.
    CrylllA Sparganothis spp.
    CrylllA Spodoptera spp.
    CrylllA Tortrix spp.
    CrylllA Trichoplusia ni
    CrylllA Agriotes spp.
    CrylllA Anthonomus grandis
    CrylllA Curculio spp.
    CrylllA Diabrotica balteata
    CrylllA Leptinotarsa spp.
    CrylllA Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CrylllA Otiorhynchus spp.
    CrylllA Aleurothrixus spp.
    CrylllA Aleyrodes spp.
    CrylllA Aonidiella spp.
    CrylllA Aphididae spp.
    CrylllA Aphis spp.
    CrylllA Bemisia tabaci
    CrylllA Empoasca spp.
    CrylllA Mycus spp.
    CrylllA Nephotettix spp.
    CrylllA Nilaparvata spp.
    CrylllA Pseudococcus spp.
    CrylllA Psylla spp.
    CrylllA Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CrylllA Schizaphis spp.
    CrylllA Trialeurodes spp.
    CrylllA Lyriomyza spp.
    CrylllA Oscinella spp.
    CrylllA Phorbia spp.
    CrylllA Frankliniella spp.
    CrylllA Thrips spp.
    CrylllA Scirtothrips aurantii
    CrylllA Aceria spp.
    CrylllA Aculus spp.
    CrylllA Brevipalpus spp.
    CrylllA Panonychus spp.
    CrylllA Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CrylllA Tetranychus spp.
    CrylllA Heterodera spp.
    CrylllA Meloidogyne spp.
    CrylllB2 Adoxophyes spp.
    CrylllB2 Agrotis spp.
    CrylllB2 Alabama argiilaceae
    CrylllB2 Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CrylllB2 Chilo spp.
    CrylllB2 Clysia ambiguella
    CrylllB2 Crocidolomia binotaiis
    CrylllB2 Cydia spp.
    CrylllB2 Diparopsis castanea
    CrylllB2 Earias spp.
    CrylllB2 Ephestia spp.
    CrylllB2 Heliothis spp.
    CrylllB2 Hellula undalis
    CrylllB2 Keiferia lycopersicella
    CrylllB2 Leucoptera sectelia
    CrylllB2 Lithocollethis spp.
    CrylllB2 Lobesia botrana
    CrylllB2 Ostrinia nubilalis
    CrylllB2 Pandemis spp.
    CrylllB2 Pectinophora gossyp.
    CrylllB2 Phyllocnistis citrella
    CrylllB2 Pieris spp.
    CrylllB2 Plutella xylostella
    CrylllB2 Scirpophaga spp.
    CrylllB2 Sesamia spp.
    CrylllB2 Sparganothis spp.
    CrylllB2 Spodoptera spp.
    CrylllB2 Tortrix spp.
    CrylllB2 Trichoplusia ni
    CrylllB2 Agriotes spp.
    CrylllB2 Anthonomus grandis
    CrylllB2 Curculio spp.
    CrylllB2 Diabrotica balteata
    CrylllB2 Leptinotarsa spp.
    CrylllB2 Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CrylllB2 Otiorhynchus spp.
    CrylllB2 Aleurothrixus spp.
    CrylllB2 Aleyrodes spp.
    CrylllB2 Aonidiella spp.
    CrylllB2 Aphididae spp.
    CrylllB2 Aphis spp.
    CrylllB2 Bemisia tabaci
    CrylllB2 Empoasca spp.
    CrylllB2 Mycus spp.
    CrylllB2 Nephotettix spp.
    CrylllB2 Nilaparvata spp.
    CrylllB2 Pseudococcus spp.
    CrylllB2 Psylla spp.
    CrylllB2 Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CrylllB2 Schizaphis spp.
    CrylllB2 Trialeurodes spp.
    CrylllB2 Lyriornyza spp.
    CrylllB2 Oscinella spp.
    CrylllB2 Phorbia spp.
    CrylllB2 Frankliniella spp.
    CrylllB2 Thrips spp.
    CrylllB2 Scirtothrips aurantii
    CrylllB2 Aceria spp.
    CrylllB2 Acutus spp.
    CrylllB2 Brevipalpus spp.
    CrylllB2 Panonychus spp.
    CrylllB2 Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CrylllB2 Tetranychus spp.
    CrylllB2 Heterodera spp.
    CrylllB2 Meloidogyne spp.
    CytA Adoxophyes spp.
    CytA Agrotis spp.
    CytA Alabama argiilaceae
    CytA Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CytA Chilo spp.
    CytA Clysia ambiguella
    CytA Crocidolomia binotaiis
    CytA Cydia spp.
    CytA Diparopsis castanea
    CytA Earias spp.
    CytA Ephestia spp.
    CytA Heliothis spp.
    CytA Hellula undalis
    CytA Keiferia lycopersicella
    CytA Leucoptera scitelia
    CytA Lithocollethis spp.
    CytA Lobesia botrana
    CytA Ostrinia nubilalis
    CytA Pandemis spp.
    CytA Pectinophora gossyp.
    CytA Phyllocnistis citrella
    CytA Pieris spp.
    CytA Plutella xylostella
    CytA Scirpophaga spp.
    CytA Sesamia spp.
    CytA Sparganothis spp.
    CytA Spodoptera spp.
    CytA Tortrix spp.
    CytA Trichoplusia ni
    CytA Agriotes spp.
    CytA Anthonomus grandis
    CytA Curculio spp.
    CytA Diabrotica balteata
    CytA Leptinotarsa spp.
    CytA Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CytA Otiorhynchus spp.
    CytA Aleurothrixus spp.
    CytA Aleyrodes spp.
    CytA Aonidielia spp.
    CytA Aphididae spp.
    CytA Aphis spp.
    CytA Bemisia tabaci
    CytA Empoasca spp.
    CytA Mycus spp.
    CytA Nephotettix spp.
    CytA Nilaparvata spp.
    CytA Pseudococcus spp.
    CytA Psylla spp.
    CytA Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CytA Schizaphis spp.
    CytA Trialeurodes spp.
    CytA Lyriomyza spp.
    CytA Oscinella spp.
    CytA Phorbia spp.
    CytA Frankliniella spp.
    CytA Thrips spp.
    CytA Scirtothrips aurantii
    CytA Aceria spp.
    CytA Acutus spp.
    CytA Brevipalpus spp.
    CytA Panonychus spp.
    CytA Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CytA Tetranychus spp.
    CytA Heterodera spp.
    CytA Meloidogyne spp.
    VIP3 Adoxophyes spp.
    VIP3 Agrotis spp.
    VIP3 Alabama argillaceae
    VIP3 Anticarsia gemmatalis
    VIP3 Chilo spp.
    VIP3 Clysia ambiguella
    VIP3 Crocidolomia binotalis
    VIP3 Cydia spp.
    VIP3 Diparopsis castanea
    VIP3 Earias spp.
    VIP3 Ephestia spp.
    VIP3 Heliothis spp.
    VIP3 Hellula undalis
    VIP3 Keiferia
    lycopersicella
    VIP3 Leucoptera scitella
    VIP3 Lithocollethis spp.
    VIP3 Lobesia botrana
    VIP3 Ostrinia nubilalis
    VIP3 Pandemis spp.
    VIP3 Pectinophora gossyp.
    VIP3 Phyllocnistis citrella
    VIP3 Pieris spp.
    VIP3 Piutella xylostella
    VIP3 Scirpophaga spp.
    VIP3 Sesamia spp.
    VIP3 Sparganothis spp.
    VIP3 Spodoptera spp.
    VIP3 Tortrix spp.
    VIP3 Trichoplusia ni
    VIP3 Agriotes spp.
    VIP3 Anthonomus grandis
    VIP3 Curculio spp.
    VIP3 Diabrotica balteata
    VIP3 Leptinotarsa spp.
    VIP3 Lissorhoptrus spp.
    VIP3 Otiorhynchus spp.
    VIP3 Aleurothrixus spp.
    VIP3 Aleyrodes spp.
    VIP3 Aonidiella spp.
    VIP3 Aphididae spp.
    VIP3 Aphis spp.
    VIP3 Bemisia tabaci
    VIP3 Empoasca spp.
    VIP3 Mycus spp.
    VIP3 Nephotettix spp.
    VIP3 Niiaparvata spp.
    VIP3 Pseudococcus spp.
    VIP3 Psylla spp.
    VIP3 Quadraspidiotus spp.
    VIP3 Schizaphis spp.
    VIP3 Trialeurodes spp.
    VIP3 Lyriomyza spp.
    VIP3 Oscinella spp.
    VIP3 Phorbia spp.
    VIP3 Frankliniella spp.
    VIP3 Thrips spp.
    VIP3 Scirtothrips aurantii
    VIP3 Aceria spp.
    VIP3 Acutus spp.
    VIP3 Brevipalpus spp.
    VIP3 Panonychus spp.
    VIP3 Phyllocoptruta spp.
    VIP3 Tetranychus spp.
    VIP3 Heterodera spp.
    VIP3 Meloidogyne spp.
    GL Adoxophyes spp.
    GL Agrotis spp.
    GL Alabama argillaceae
    GL Anticarsia gemmatalis
    GL Chilo spp.
    GL Clysia ambiguella
    GL Crocidolomia binotaiis
    GL Cydia spp.
    GL Diparopsis castanea
    GL Earias spp.
    GL Ephestia spp.
    GL Heliothis spp.
    GL Hellula undalis
    GL Keiferia lycopersicella
    GL Leucoptera scitella
    GL Lithocollethis spp.
    GL Lobesia botrana
    GL Ostrinia nubilalis
    GL Pandemis spp.
    GL Pectinophora gossyp.
    GL Phyliocnistis citrella
    GL Pieris spp.
    GL Plutella xylostella
    GL Scirpophaga spp.
    GL Sesamia spp.
    GL Sparganothis spp.
    GL Spodoptera spp.
    GL Tortrix spp.
    GL Trichoplusia ni
    GL Agriotes spp.
    GL Anthonomus grandis
    GL Curculio spp.
    GL Diabrotica balteata
    GL Leptinotarsa spp.
    GL Lissorhoptrus spp.
    GL Otiorhynchus spp.
    GL Aleurothrixus spp.
    GL Aleyrodes spp.
    GL Aonidiella spp.
    GL Aphididae spp.
    GL Aphis spp.
    GL Bemisia tabaci
    GL Empoasca spp.
    GL Mycus spp.
    GL Nephotettix spp.
    GL Nilaparvata spp.
    GL Pseudococcus spp.
    GL Psylia spp.
    GL Quadraspidiotus spp.
    GL Schizaphis spp.
    GL Trialeurodes spp.
    GL Lyriomyza spp.
    GL Oscinella spp.
    GL Phorbia spp.
    GL Frankliniella spp.
    GL Thrips spp.
    GL Scirtothrips aurantii
    GL Aceria spp.
    GL Aculus spp.
    GL Brevipalpus spp.
    GL Panonychus spp.
    GL Phyliocoptruta spp.
    GL Tetranychus spp.
    GL Heterodera spp.
    GL Meioidogyne spp.
    PL Adoxophyesspp.
    PL Agrotis spp.
    PL Alabama argillaceae
    PL Anticarsia gemmatalis
    PL Chilo spp.
    PL Clysia ambiguella
    PL Crocidolomia binotalis
    PL Cydia spp.
    PL Diparopsis castanea
    PL Earias spp.
    PL Ephestia spp.
    PL Heliothis spp.
    PL Hellula undaiis
    PL Keiferia lycopersicella
    PL Leucoptera scitella
    PL Lithocollethis spp.
    PL Lobesia botrana
    PL Ostrinia nubilalis
    PL Pandemis spp.
    PL Pectinophora gossyp.
    PL Phyllocnistis citrella
    PL Pieris spp.
    PL Plutella xylostella
    PL Scirpophaga spp.
    PL Sesamia spp.
    PL Sparganothis spp.
    PL Spodoptera spp.
    PL Tortrix spp.
    PL Trichoplusia ni
    PL Agriotes spp.
    PL Anthonomus grandis
    PL Curculio spp.
    PL Diabrotica balteata
    PL Leptinotarsa spp.
    PL Lissorhoptrus spp.
    PL Otiorhynchus spp.
    PL Aleurothrixus spp.
    PL Aleyrodes spp.
    PL Aonidiella spp.
    PL Aphididae spp.
    PL Aphis spp.
    PL Bemisia tabaci
    PL Empoasca spp.
    PL Mycus spp.
    PL Nephotettix spp.
    PL Nilaparvata spp.
    PL Pseudococcus spp.
    PL Psylla spp.
    PL Quadraspidiotus spp.
    PL Schizaphis spp.
    PL Trialeurodes spp.
    PL Lyriomyza spp.
    PL Oscinella spp.
    PL Phorbia spp.
    PL Frankliniella spp.
    PL Thrips spp.
    PL Scirtothrips auranii
    PL Aceria spp.
    PL Aculus spp.
    PL Brevipalpus spp.
    PL Panonychus spp.
    PL Phyllocoptruta spp.
    PL Tetranychus spp.
    PL Heterodera spp.
    PL Meloidogyne spp.
    XN Adoxophyes spp.
    XN Agrotis spp.
    XN Alabama argiliaceae
    XN Anticarsia gemmatalis
    XN Chilo spp.
    XN Clysia ambiguella
    XN Crocidolomia binotalis
    XN Cydia spp.
    XN Diparopsis castanea
    XN Earias spp.
    XN Ephestia spp.
    XN Heliothis spp.
    XN Helluia undaiis
    XN Keiferia lycopersicella
    XN Leucoptera scitella
    XN Lithocollethis spp.
    XN Lobesia botrana
    XN Ostrinia nubilalis
    XN Pandemis spp.
    XN Pectinophora gossyp.
    XN Phyllocnistis citrella
    XN Pieris spp.
    XN Plutella xylostella
    XN Scirpophaga spp.
    XN Sesamia spp.
    XN Sparganothis spp.
    XN Spodoptera spp.
    XN Tortrix spp.
    XN Trichoplusia ni
    XN Agriotes spp.
    XN Anthonomus grandis
    XN Curculio spp.
    XN Diabrotica balteata
    XN Leptinotarsa spp.
    XN Lissorhoptrus spp.
    XN Otiorhynchus spp.
    XN Aleurothrixus spp.
    XN Aleyrodes spp.
    XN Aonidiella spp.
    XN Aphididae spp.
    XN Aphis spp.
    XN Bemisia tabaci
    XN Empoasca spp.
    XN Mycus spp.
    XN Nephotettix spp.
    XN Nilaparvata spp.
    XN Pseudococcus spp.
    XN Psylla spp.
    XN Quadraspidiotus spp.
    XN Schizaphis spp.
    XN Trialeurodes spp.
    XN Lyriomyza spp.
    XN Oscinella spp.
    XN Phorbia spp.
    XN Frankliniella spp.
    XN Thrips spp.
    XN Scirtothrips aurantii
    XN Aceria spp.
    XN Aculus spp.
    XN Brevipalpus spp.
    XN Panonychus spp.
    XN Phyllocoptruta spp.
    XN Tetranychus spp.
    XN Heterodera spp.
    XN Meloidogyne spp.
    Plnh. Adoxophyes spp.
    Plnh. Agrotis spp.
    Plnh. Alabama argiliaceae
    Plnh. Anticarsia gemmatalis
    Plnh. Chilo spp.
    Plnh. Clysia ambiguella
    Plnh. Crocidolomia
    binotalis
    Plnh. Cydia spp.
    Plnh. Diparopsis castanea
    Plnh. Earias spp.
    Plnh. Ephestia spp.
    Plnh. Heliothis spp.
    Plnh. Heliuia undalis
    Plnh. Keiferia lycopersicella
    Plnh. Leucoptera scitella
    Plnh. Lithocollethis spp.
    Plnh. Lobesia botrana
    Plnh. Ostrinia nubilalis
    Plnh. Pandemis spp.
    Plnh. Pectinophora gossyp.
    Plnh. Phyllocnistis citrelia
    Plnh. Pieris spp.
    Plnh. Plutella xylostella
    Plnh. Scirpophaga spp.
    Plnh. Sesamia spp.
    Plnh. Sparganothis spp.
    Plnh. Spodoptera spp.
    Plnh. Tortrix spp.
    Plnh. Trichoplusia ni
    Plnh. Agriotes spp.
    Plnh. Anthonomus grandis
    Plnh. Curculio spp.
    Plnh. Diabrotica balteata
    Plnh. Leptinotarsa spp.
    Plnh. Lissorhoptrus spp.
    Plnh. Otiorhynchus spp.
    Plnh. Aleurothrixus spp.
    Plnh. Aleyrodes spp.
    Plnh. Aonidiella spp.
    Plnh. Aphididae spp.
    Plnh. Aphis spp.
    Plnh. Bemisia tabaci
    Plnh. Empoasca spp.
    Plnh. Mycus spp.
    Plnh. Nephotettix spp.
    Plnh. Nilaparvata spp.
    Plnh. Pseudococcus spp.
    Plnh. Psylla spp.
    Plnh. Quadraspidiotus spp.
    Plnh. Schizaphis spp.
    Plnh. Trialeurodes spp.
    Plnh. Lyriomyza spp.
    Plnh. Oscinella spp.
    Plnh. Phorbia spp.
    Plnh. Frankliniella spp.
    Plnh. Thrips spp.
    Plnh. Scirtothrips aurantii
    Plnh. Aceria spp.
    Plnh. Acutus spp.
    Plnh. Brevipalpus spp.
    Plnh. Panonychus spp.
    Plnh. Phyllocoptruta spp.
    Plnh. Tetranychus spp.
    Plnh. Heterodera spp.
    Plnh. Meloidogyne spp.
    PLec. Adoxophyes spp.
    PLec. Agrotis spp.
    PLec. Alabama argillaceae
    PLec. Anticarsia gemmatalis
    PLec. Chilo spp.
    PLec. Clysia ambiguella
    PLec. Crocidolomia binotalis
    PLec. Cydia spp.
    PLec. Diparopsis castanea
    PLec. Earias spp.
    PLec. Ephestia spp.
    PLec. Heliothis spp.
    PLec. Hellula undalis
    PLec. Keiferia lycopersicella
    PLec. Leucoptera scitella
    PLec. Lithocollethis spp.
    PLec. Lobesia botrana
    PLec. Ostrinia nubilalis
    PLec. Pandemis spp.
    PLec. Pectinophora gossyp.
    PLec. Phyllocnistis citrella
    PLec. Pieris spp.
    PLec. Plutella xylostella
    PLec. Scirpophaga spp.
    PLec. Sesamia spp.
    PLec. Sparganothis spp.
    PLec. Spodoptera spp.
    PLec. Tortrix spp.
    PLec. Trichoplusia ni
    PLec. Agriotes spp.
    PLec. Anthonomus grandis
    PLec. Curculio spp.
    PLec. Diabrotica balteata
    PLec. Leptinotarsa spp.
    PLec. Lissorhoptrus spp.
    PLec. Otiorhynchus spp.
    PLec. Aleurothrixus spp.
    PLec. Aleyrodes spp.
    PLec. Aonidiella spp.
    PLec. Aphididae spp.
    PLec. Aphis spp.
    PLec. Bemisia tabaci
    PLec. Empoasca spp.
    PLec. Mycus spp.
    PLec. Nephotettix spp.
    PLec. Nilaparvata spp.
    PLec. Pseudococcus spp.
    PLec. Psylia spp.
    PLec. Quadraspidiotus spp.
    PLec. Schizaphis spp.
    PLec. Trialeurodes spp.
    PLec. Lyriomyza spp.
    PLec. Oscinella spp.
    PLec. Phorbia spp.
    PLec. Frankliniella spp.
    PLec. Thrips spp.
    PLec. Scirtothrips aurantii
    PLec. Aceria spp.
    PLec. Aculus spp.
    PLec. Brevipalpus spp.
    PLec. Panonychus spp.
    PLec. Phyllocoptruta spp.
    PLec. Tetranychus spp.
    PLec. Heterodera spp.
    PLec. Meloidogyne spp.
    Aggl. Adoxophyes spp.
    Aggl. Agrotis spp.
    Aggl. Alabama
    argillaceae
    Aggl. Anticarsia gemmatalis
    Aggl. Chilo spp.
    Aggl. Clysia ambiguella
    Aggl. Crocidolomia
    binotalis
    Aggl. Cydia spp.
    Aggl. Diparopsis
    castanea
    Aggl. Earias spp.
    Aggl. Ephestia spp.
    Aggl. Heliothis spp.
    Aggl. Hellula undalis
    Aggl. Keiferia
    lycopersicella
    Aggl. Leucoptera scitella
    Aggl. Lithocollethis spp.
    Aggl. Lobesia botrana
    Aggl. Ostrinia nubilalis
    Aggl. Pandemis spp.
    Aggl. Pectinophora
    gossyp.
    Aggl. Phyllocnistis citrella
    Aggl. Pieris spp.
    Aggl. Plutiia xylostella
    Aggl. Scirpophaga spp.
    Aggl. Sesamia spp.
    Aggl. Sparganothis spp.
    Aggl. Spodoptera spp.
    Aggl. Tortrix spp.
    Aggl. Trichoplusia ni
    Aggl. Agriotes spp.
    Aggl. Anthonomus grandis
    Aggl. Curculio spp.
    Aggl. Diabrotica balteata
    Aggl. Leptinotarsa spp.
    Aggl. Lissorhoptrus spp.
    Aggl. Otiorhynchus spp.
    Aggl. Aleurothrixus spp.
    Aggl. Aleyrodes spp.
    Aggl. Aonidiella spp.
    Aggl. Aphididae spp.
    Aggl. Aphis spp.
    Aggl. Bemisia tabaci
    Aggl. Empoasca spp.
    Aggl. Mycus spp.
    Aggl. Nephotettix spp.
    Aggl. Nilaparvata spp.
    Aggl. Pseudococcus spp.
    Aggl. Psylla spp.
    Aggl. Quadraspidiotus spp.
    Aggl. Schizaphis spp.
    Aggl. Trialeurodes spp.
    Aggl. Lyriomyza spp.
    Aggl. Oscinella spp.
    Aggl. Phorbia spp.
    Aggl. Frankliniella spp.
    Aggl. Thrips spp.
    Aggl. Scirtothrips aurantii
    Aggl. Aceria spp.
    Aggl. Aculus spp.
    Aggl. Brevipalpus spp.
    Aggl. Panonychus spp.
    Aggl. Phyllocoptruta spp
    Aggl. Tetranychus spp.
    Aggl. Heterodera spp.
    Aggl. Meloidogyne spp.
    CO Adoxophyes spp.
    CO Agrotis spp.
    CO Alabama argiliaceae
    CO Anticarsia gemmatalis
    CO Chilo spp.
    CO Ciysia ambiguella
    CO Crocidolomia binotalis
    CO Cydia spp.
    CO Diparopsis castanea
    CO Earias spp.
    CO Ephestia spp.
    CO Heliothis spp.
    CO Hellula undalis
    CO Keiferia lycopersicella
    CO Leucoptera scitella
    CO Lithocollethis spp.
    CO Lobesia botrana
    CO Ostrinia nubilalis
    CO Pandemis spp.
    CO Pectinophora gossyp.
    CO Phyllocnistis citrella
    CO Pieris spp.
    CO Plutella xylostella
    CO Scirpophaga spp.
    CO Sesamia spp.
    CO Sparganothis spp.
    CO Spodoptera spp.
    CO Tortrix spp.
    CO Trichoplusia ni
    CO Agriotes spp.
    CO Anthonomus grandis
    CO Curculio spp.
    CO Diabrotica balteata
    CO Leptinotarsa spp.
    CO Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CO Otiorhynchus spp.
    CO Aleurothrixus spp.
    CO Aleyrodes spp.
    CO Aonidielia spp.
    CO Aphididae spp.
    CO Aphis spp.
    CO Bemisia tabaci
    CO Empoasca spp.
    CO Mycus spp.
    CO Nephotettix spp.
    CO Nilaparvata spp.
    CO Pseudococcus spp.
    CO Psylla spp.
    CO Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CO Schizaphis spp.
    CO Trialeurodes spp.
    CO Lyriomyza spp.
    CO Oscinella spp.
    CO Phorbia spp.
    CO Frankliniella spp.
    CO Thrips spp.
    CO Scirtothrips aurantii
    CO Aceria spp.
    CO Acutus spp.
    CO Brevipalpus spp.
    CO Panonychus spp.
    CO Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CO Tetranychus spp.
    CO Heterodera spp.
    CO Meloidogyne spp.
    CH Adoxophyes spp.
    CH Agrotis spp.
    CH Alabama argillaceae
    CH Anticarsia
    gemmatalis
    CH Chilo spp.
    CH Clysia ambiguella
    CH Crocidolomia binotalis
    CH Cydia spp.
    CH Diparopsis castanea
    CH Earias spp.
    CH Ephestia spp.
    CH Heliothis spp.
    CH Hellula undalis
    CH Keiferia lycopersicella
    CH Leucoptera scitella
    CH Lithocollethis spp.
    CH Lobesia botrana
    CH Ostrinia nubilalis
    CH Pandemis spp.
    CH Pectinophora gossyp.
    CH Phyllocnistis citrella
    CH Pieris spp.
    CH Plutella xylostella
    CH Scirpophaga spp.
    CH Sesamia spp.
    CH Sparganothis spp.
    CH Spodoptera spp.
    CH Tortrix spp.
    CH Trichoplusia ni
    CH Agriotes spp.
    CH Anthonomus
    grandis
    CH Curculio spp.
    CH Diabrotica balteata
    CH Leptinotarsa spp.
    CH Lissorhoptrus spp.
    CH Otiorhynohus spp.
    CH Aleurothrixus spp.
    CH Aleyrodes spp.
    CH Aonidiella spp.
    CH Aphididae spp.
    CH Aphis spp.
    CH Bemisia tabaci
    CH Empoasca spp.
    CH Mycus spp.
    CH Nephotettix spp.
    CH Nilaparvata spp.
    CH Pseudococcus spp.
    CH Psylla spp.
    CH Quadraspidiotus spp.
    CH Schizaphis spp.
    CH Trialeurodes spp.
    CH Lyriomyza spp.
    CH Oscinella spp.
    CH Phorbia spp.
    CH Frankliniella spp.
    CH Thrips spp.
    CH Scirtothrips aurantii
    CH Aceria spp.
    CH Aculus spp.
    CH Brevipalpus spp.
    CH Panonychus spp.
    CH Phyllocoptruta spp.
    CH Tetranychus spp.
    CH Heterodera spp.
    CH Meloidogyne spp.
    SS Adoxophyes spp.
    SS Agrotis spp.
    SS Alabama argillaceae
    SS Anticarsia gemmatalis
    SS Chilo spp.
    SS Clysia ambiguella
    SS Crocidolomia binotalis
    SS Cydia spp.
    SS Diparopsis castanea
    SS Earias spp.
    SS Ephestia spp.
    SS Heliothis spp.
    SS Hellula undalis
    SS Keiferia lycopersicella
    SS Leucoptera scitella
    SS Lithocollethis spp.
    SS Lobesia botrana
    SS Ostrinia nubilalis
    SS Pandemis spp.
    SS Pectinophora gossyp.
    SS Phyllocnistis citrella
    SS Pieris spp.
    SS Plutella xylostella
    SS Scirpophaga spp.
    SS Sesamia spp.
    SS Sparganothis spp.
    SS Spodoptera spp.
    SS Tortrix spp.
    SS Trichopiusia ni
    SS Agriotes spp.
    SS Anthonomus grandis
    SS Curculio spp.
    SS Diabrotica balteata
    SS Leptinotarsa spp.
    SS Lissorhoptrus spp.
    SS Otiorhynchus spp.
    SS Aleurothrixus spp.
    SS Aleyrodes spp.
    SS Aonidielia spp.
    SS Aphididae spp.
    SS Aphis spp.
    SS Bemisia tabaci
    SS Empoasca spp.
    SS Mycus spp.
    SS Nephotettix spp.
    SS Nilaparvata spp.
    SS Pseudococcus spp.
    SS Psylla spp.
    SS Quadraspidiotus spp.
    SS Schizaphis spp.
    SS Trialeurodes spp.
    SS Lyriomyza spp.
    SS Oscinella spp.
    SS Phorbia spp.
    SS Frankliniella spp.
    SS Thrips spp.
    SS Scirtothrips aurantii
    SS Aceria spp.
    SS Aculus spp.
    SS Brevipalpus spp.
    SS Panonychus spp.
    SS Phyllocoptruta spp.
    SS Tetranychus spp.
    SS Heterodera spp.
    SS Meloidogyne spp.
    HO Adoxophyes spp.
    HO Agrotis spp.
    HO Alabama argillaceae
    HO Anticarsia gemmatalis
    HO Chilo spp.
    HO Clysia ambiguella
    HO Crocidolomia binotalis
    HO Cydia spp.
    HO Diparopsis castanea
    HO Earias spp.
    HO Ephestia spp.
    HO Heliothis spp.
    HO Hellula undalis
    HO Keiferia lycopersicella
    HO Leucoptera scitella
    HO Lithocollethis spp.
    HO Lobesia botrana
    HO Ostrinia nubilalis
    HO Pandemis spp.
    HO Pectinophora gossypiella
    HO Phyllocnistis citrella
    HO Pieris spp.
    HO Plutella xylostella
    HO Scirpophaga spp.
    HO Sesamia spp.
    HO Sparganothis spp.
    HO Spodoptera spp.
    HO Tortrix spp.
    HO Trichoplusia ni
    HO Agriotes spp.
    HO Anthonomus grandis
    HO Curculio spp.
    HO Diabrotica balteata
    HO Leptinotarsa spp.
    HO Lissorhoptrus spp.
    HO Otiorhynchus spp.
    HO Aleurothrixus spp.
    HO Aleyrodes spp.
    HO Aonidiella spp.
    HO Aphididae spp.
    HO Aphis spp.
    HO Bemisia tabaci
    HO Empoasca spp.
    HO Mycus spp.
    HO Nephotettix spp.
    HO Nilaparvata spp.
    HO Pseudococcus spp.
    HO Psylla spp.
    HO Quadraspidiotus spp.
    HO Schizaphis spp.
    HO Trialeurodes spp.
    HO Lyriomyza spp.
    HO Oscinella spp.
    HO Phorbia spp.
    HO Frankliniella spp.
    HO Thrips spp.
    HO Scirtothrips aurantii
    HO Aceria spp.
    HO Acutus spp.
    HO Brevipalpus spp.
    HO Panonychus spp.
    HO Phyllocoptruta spp.
    HO Tetranychus spp.
    HO Heterodera spp.
    HO Meloidogyne spp.
    In the table, the following abbreviations were used:
    active principle of the transgenic plant: AP
    Photorhabdus luminescens: PL
    Xenorhabdus nematophilus: XN
    proteinase inhibitors: Plnh.
    plant lectins PLec.
    agglutinines: Aggl.
    3-hydroxysteroid oxidase: HO
    cholesterol oxidase: CO
    chitinase: CH
    glucanase: GL
    stilbene synthase: SS
  • TABLE 3
    Principle Tolerance to Plant
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** cotton
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** rice
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** Brassica
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** potatoes
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** tomatoes
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** pumpkin
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** soya beans
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** maize
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** wheat
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** pome fruit
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** stone fruit
    ALS sulphonylurea compounds etc.*** citrus fruit
    ACCase +++ cotton
    ACCase +++ rice
    ACCase +++ Brassica
    ACCase +++ potato
    ACCase +++ tomatoes
    ACCase +++ pumpkin
    ACCase +++ soya beans
    ACCase +++ maize
    ACCase +++ wheat
    ACCase +++ pome fruit
    ACCase +++ stone fruit
    ACCase +++ citrus fruit
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, cotton
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, rice
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, Brassica
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, potatoes
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, tomatoes
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, pumpkin
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, soya beans
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, maize
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, wheat
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, pome fruit
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, stone fruit
    mesotrione
    HPPD isoxaflutole, isoxachlortole, sulcotrione, citrus fruit
    mesotrione
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil cotton
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil rice
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil Brassica
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil potatoes
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil tomatoes
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil pumpkin
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil soya beans
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil maize
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil wheat
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil pome fruit
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil stone fruit
    nitrilase bromoxynil, loxynil citrus fruit
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& cotton
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& rice
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& Brassica
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& potatoes
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& tomatoes
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& pumpkin
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& soya beans
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& maize
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& wheat
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& pome fruit
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& stone fruit
    IPS chloroactanilides&&& citrus fruit
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P cotton
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P rice
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P Brassica
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P potatoes
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P tomatoes
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P pumpkin
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P soya beans
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P maize
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P wheat
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P pome fruit
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P stone fruit
    HOM 2,4-D, mecoprop-P citrus fruit
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// cotton
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// rice
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// Brassica
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// potatoes
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// tomatoes
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// pumpkin
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// soya beans
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// maize
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// wheat
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// pome fruit
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// stone fruit
    PROTOX Protox inhibitors/// citrus fruit
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate cotton
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate rice
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate Brassica
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate potatoes
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate tomatoes
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate pumpkin
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate soya beans
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate maize
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate wheat
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate pome fruit
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate stone fruit
    EPSPS glyphosate and/or sulphosate citrus fruit
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos cotton
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos rice
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos Brassica
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos potatoes
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos tomatoes
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos pumpkin
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos soya beans
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos maize
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos wheat
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos pome fruit
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos stone fruit
    GS gluphosinate and/or bialaphos citrus fruit
    Abbreviations:
    acetyl-CoA carboxylase: ACCase
    acetolactate synthase: ALS
    hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase: HPPD
    inhibition of protein synthesis: IPS
    hormone imitation: HO
    glutamine synthetase: GS
    protoporphyrinogen oxidase: PROTOX
    5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase: EPSPS
    ***included are sulphonylurea compounds, imidazolinones, triazolopyrimidines, dimethoxypyrimidines and N-acylsulphonamides: sulphonylurea compounds such as chlorsulfuron, chlorimuron, ethamethsulfuron, metsulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, triasulfuron, cinosulfuron, trifusulfuron, oxasulfuron, bensulfuron, tribenuron, ACC 322140, fluzasulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, fluzadsulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, clopyrasulfuron, NC 330, azimsulfuron, imazosulfuron, sulfosulfuron, amidosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, CGA 362622
    imidazolinones such as imazamethabenz, imazaquin, imazamethypyr, imazethapyr, imazapyr and imazamox;
    triazolopyrimidines such as DE 511, flumetsulam and chloransulam;
    dimethoxypyrimidines such as, for example, pyrithiobac, pyriminobac, bispyribac and pyribenzoxim.
    +++ Tolerance to diclofop-methyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, haloxyfop-P-ethyl, quizalafop-P-ethyl, clodinafop-propargyl, fenoxaprop-ethyl, tepraloxydim, alloxydim, sethoxydim, cycloxydim, cloproxydim, tralkoxydim, butoxydim, caloxydim, clefoxydim, clethodim.
    &&&chloroacetanilides such as, for example, alachlor, acetochlor, dimethenamid
    ///Protox inhibitors: for example diphenyl ethers such as, for example, acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluoroglycofen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen; imides such as, for example, azafenidin, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, pentoxazone, sulfentrazone, imides and other compounds such as, for example, flumipropyn, flupropacil, nipyraclofen and thidiazimin; and also fluazola and pyraflufen-ethyl.
  • TABLE 4
    List of examples of transgenic plants having modified properties:
    Transgenic plants Transgenically modified properties
    Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Longer-lasting as a result of reduced ethylene
    line 66 accumulation owing to the expression of ACC
    [Florigene Pty. Ltd.] synthase; tolerant to sulphonylurea herbicides
    Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Modified flower colour; tolerant to sulphonyl-
    lines 4, 11, 15, 16 urea herbicides
    [Florigene Pty. Ltd.]
    Dianthus caryophyllus (carnation) Modified flower colour; tolerant to sulphonyl-
    lines 959A, 988A, 1226A, 1351A, 1363A, urea herbicides
    1400A
    [Florigene Pty. Ltd.]
    Brassica napus (Argentine oilseed rape) Modified fatty acid content in the seeds
    lines 23-18-17, 23-198
    [Monsanto Company]
    Zea mays L. (maize) Elevated lysine content
    lines REN-ØØØ38-3 (LY038)
    [Monsanto Company]
    Zea mays L. (maize) Elevated lysine content, corn borer resistant
    lines REN-ØØØ38-3, MON-ØØ81Ø-6
    (MON-ØØ81Ø-6 x LY038)
    [Monsanto Company]
    Cucumis melo (melon) Delayed maturity as a result of the expression of
    lines A, B S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase
    [Agritope Inc.]
    Carica papaya (papaya) Resistant to the papaya ring spot virus (PRSV)
    lines 55-1/63-1
    [Cornell University]
    Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) Resistant to the Colorado beetle and the potato
    lines RBMT21-129, RBMT21-350, RBMT22- leaf roll virus (PLRV)
    082
    [Monsanto Company]
    Solanum tuberosum L. (potato) Resistant to the Colorado beetle and the potato
    lines RBMT15-101, SEMT15-02, SEMT15-15 virus Y (PVY)
    [Monsanto Company]
    Glycine max L. (soya bean) Modified fatty acid content in the seeds, in
    lines DD-Ø26ØØ5-3 (G94-1, G94-19, G168 particular elevated oleic acid content
    [DuPont Canada Agricultural Products]
    Glycine max L. (soya bean) Modified fatty acid content in the seeds, in
    lines OT96-15 particular reduced linolenic acid content
    [Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada]
    Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) Resistant to viral infections, watermelon mosaic
    line ZW20 virus (WMV) 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic
    [Upjohn (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. virus (ZYMV)
    (Canada)]
    Cucurbita pepo (pumpkin) Resistance to viral infections, cucumber mosaic
    line CZW-3 virus (CMV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)
    [Asgrow (USA); Seminis Vegetable Inc. 2 and zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)
    (Canada)]
    Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) Reduced nicotine content
    line Vector 21-41
    [Vector Tobacco]
    Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) Longer lasting as a result of reduced ethylene
    line 1345-4 accumulation owing to the expression of ACC
    [DNA Plant Technology] synthase
    Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) Delayed maturity as a result of the expression of
    line 35 1 N S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase
    [Agritope Inc.]
    Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) Delayed maturity as a result of the expression of
    line CGN-89322-3 (8338) ACCd
    [Monsanto Company]
    Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) Delayed softening as a result of a reduced
    lines B, Da, F expression of polygalacturonase
    [Zeneca Seeds]
    Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) Delayed softening as a result of a reduced
    line CGN-89564-2 (FLAVR SAVR) expression of polygalacturonase
    [Calgene Inc.]
  • The good effect of the present invention's combinations of insecticides and transgenic plants is apparent from the examples which follow. The combinations display an effect which exceeds a simple summing of effects.
  • A synergistic effect in insecticides and acaricides is always present when the effect of the present invention's combinations is greater than the expected effect, which for a given combination can be calculated after S.R. Colby, Weeds 15 (1967), 20-22 as follows:
  • when
    • X is the kill rate expressed in % of the untreated control on using active compound A at an application rate of m g/ha or in a concentration of m ppm,
    • Y is the kill rate expressed in % of the untreated control on using active compound B at an application rate of n g/ha or in a concentration of n ppm and
    • Z is the kill rate expressed in % of the untreated control on using active compound C at an application rate of r g/ha or in a concentration of r ppm,
    • E is the efficacy on using active compounds A and B and C in application rates of m and n and r g/ha
      then
  • Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00006
  • If the actual kill rate is greater than calculated, then the killing effect of the combination is superadditive, i.e., a synergistic effect is present. In this case, the actually observed kill rate has to be greater than that calculated from the above-recited formula for the expected kill rate (E).
  • The invention is more particularly elucidated by the examples which follow without being restricted by them.
    • Example 1 Leaf Application for Aphis gossypii/Cotton
  • Individually potted transgenic cotton plants with Lepidoptera resistance and herbicide resistance (line DP444 BG/RR) are treated with the desired product against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii).
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the aphids were killed; 0% means that no aphids were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B1-1
    Aphis gossypii - test (leaf application)
    Concentration Kill
    Active compound in ppm in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 0.16 0
    Fipronil 4 25
    DP 444 BG/RR 0
    Cry1Ac&cp4 epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Fipronil 1:25 onto DP 0.16 + 4 80 25
    444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
    • Example 2 Leaf Application for Heliothis armigera/Cotton
  • Individually potted transgenic cotton plants with Lepidoptera resistance and herbicide resistance (line DP444 BG/RR) are treated with the desired product against the cotton ball worm (Heliothis armigera).
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B2-1
    Heliothis armigera - test (leaf application)
    Concentration Kill
    Active compound in ppm in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 0.032 50
    Abamectin 0.16 30
    Clothianidin 0.16 0
    Spinosad 0.16 20
    DP 444 BG/RR 0
    Cry1Ac&cp4 epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:5 onto DP 0.032 + 0.16 90 65
    444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Clothianidin 1:5 onto 0.032 + 0.16 100  50
    DP 444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto DP 0.032 + 0.16 80 60
    444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
    • Example 3 Leaf Application for Spodoptera frugiperda/Cotton
  • Individually potted transgenic cotton plants with Lepidoptera resistance and herbicide resistance (line DP444 BG/RR) are treated with the desired product against the army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B3-1
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (leaf application)
    Concentration Kill
    Active compound in ppm in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 0.032 70
    Clothianidin 0.16 0
    DP 444 BG/RR 0
    Cry1Ac&cp4 epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Clothianidin 1:5 onto 0.032 + 0.16 100 70
    DP 444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
  • TABLE B3-2
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (leaf application)
    Concentration Kill
    Active compound in ppm in % after 6 d
    (I-1) 0.032 15
    Imidacloprid 4 10
    DP 444 BG/RR 0
    Cry1Ac&cp4 epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Imidacloprid onto DP 0.032 + 4 40 23.5
    444 BG/RR
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
    • Example 4 Leaf Application for Spodoptera exigua/Maize
  • Pots each holding 5 transgenic maize plants with Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and/or herbicide resistance are treated in 2 replications against the small mottled willow (Spodoptera exigua).
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B4-1
    Spodoptera exigua - test (leaf application)
    Concentration Kill
    Active compound in ppm in % after 1 d
    (I-1) 0.16 0
    Clothianidin 4 0
    Imidacloprid 4 0
    VSN-BT 10
    Bt MON 810
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324 0
    Cry3Bb1&cp4 epsps
    FR1064LLxFR 2108 (Liberty 0
    Link) herbicide resistance
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Clothianidin 1:25 onto 0.16 + 4 20 0
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Clothianidin 1:25 onto 0.16 + 4 20 0
    FR1064LLxFR 2108
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Imidacloprid 1:25 onto 0.16 + 4 30 10
    VSN-BT
    according to the invention
  • TABLE B4-2
    Spodoptera exigua - test (leaf application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 0.16
    0.032 0
    Abamectin 0.16 35
    Fipronil 4 0
    Spinosad 0.16 20
    VSN-RR BT 40
    Cry1Ab&cp4 epsps
    VSN-RR 0
    cp4 epsps
    VSN-BTCRW 50
    Cry1Ab&Cry3Bb1
    VSN-BT 55
    Bt MON810
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324 0
    Cry3Bb1&cp4 epsps
    FR1064LLxFR 2108 (Liberty 0
    Link) herbicide resistance
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 80 61
    VSN-RR BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 80 35
    VSN-RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 90 67.5
    VSN-BTCRW
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 80 70.75
    VSN-BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 90 35
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 100 35
    FR1064LLXFR 2108
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Fipronil 1:125 onto 0.032 + 4    50 0
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Fipronil 1:125 onto 0.032 + 4    50 0
    FR1064LLXFR 2108
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.032 + 0.16  80 52
    RR BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.032 + 0.16  80 20
    RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.032 + 0.16  90 60
    BTCRW
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto 0.032 + 0.16  70 20
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto 0.032 + 0.16  90 20
    FR1064LLXFR 2108
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
    • Example 5 Leaf Application for Spodoptera frugiperda/Maize
  • Pots each holding 5 transgenic maize plants with Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and/or herbicide resistance are treated in 2 replications against the army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B5-1
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (leaf application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 1 d
    (I-1) 0.16 0
    Abamectin 0.16 10
    Imidacloprid 4 0
    HCL201CRW2RR x LH 324 0
    Cry3Bb1&CP4epsps
    FR1064LLxFR 2108 (Liberty 0
    Link) herbicide resistance
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 0.16 + 0.16 40 10
    FR1064LLXFR 2108
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Imidacloprid 1:25 onto 0.16 + 4   20  0
    HCL201CRW2RRxLH 324
    according to the invention
  • TABLE B5-2
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (leaf application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 0.0064 0
    Spinosad 0.16 0
    VSN-RR BT 0
    Cry1Ab&cp4 epsps
    VSN-RR 0
    cp4 epsps
    VSN-BT 85
    Bt MON810
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324 0
    Cry3Bb1&cp4 epsps
    FR1064LLxFR 2108 (Liberty 0
    Link) herbicide resistance
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.0064 + 0.16 100 0
    RR BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.0064 + 0.16 65 0
    RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto VSN- 0.0064 + 0.16 100 85
    BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto 0.0064 + 0.16 85 0
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:5 onto 0.0064 + 0.16 100 0
    FR1064LLXFR 2108
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
    • Example 6 Drench Application for Spodoptera frugiperda/Maize
  • The earth of the pots each with 5 transgenic maize plants with Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and/or herbicide resistance is drenched with the desired product. Then, the plants are infected with larvae of the army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
  • After the desired time, the kill in % is determined. 100% means that all the caterpillars were killed; 0% means that no caterpillars were killed.
  • Compared with the control plants not treated according to the invention, a distinct improvement in the control of the pests is evident.
  • TABLE B6-1
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (drench application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 1 d
    (I-1) 20 30
    Abamectin 4 0
    HCL201CRW2RR x LH 324 0
    Cry3Bb1&CP4epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Abamectin 5:1 onto 20 + 4 60 30
    HCL201CRW2RRxLH 324
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
  • TABLE B6-2
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (drench application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 3 d
    (I-1) 20 45
    Imidacloprid 4 0
    HCL201CRW2RR x LH 324 0
    Cry3Bb1&CP4epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Imidacloprid 5:1 onto 20 + 4 65 45
    HCL201CRW2RRxLH 324
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula
  • TABLE B6-3
    Spodoptera frugiperda - test (drench application)
    Concentration
    Active compound in ppm Kill in % after 4 d
    (I-1) 20 50
    4 0
    Abamectin 4 0
    Clothianidin 4 10
    Fipronil 20 0
    Spinosad 4 0
    VSN-RR BT 55
    Cry1Ab&cp4 epsps
    VSN-RR 0
    cp4 epsps
    VSN-BTCRW 30
    Cry1Ab&Cry3Bb1
    VSN-BT 40
    Bt MON810
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324 0
    Cry3Bb1&cp4 epsps
    obs.* calc.**
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 4 + 4 90 55
    VSN-RR BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 4 + 4 60 0
    VSN-RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Abamectin 1:1 onto 4 + 4 70 40
    VSN-BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Clothianidin 1:1 onto 4 + 4 70 46
    VSN-BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Fipronil 1:1 onto VSN- 20 + 20 90 50
    RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Fipronil 1:1 onto 20 + 20 80 50
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:1 onto VSN- 4 + 4 60 0
    RR
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:1 onto VSN- 20 + 4  80 65
    BTCRW
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:1 onto VSN- 4 + 4 60 40
    BT
    according to the invention
    (I-1) + Spinosad 1:1 onto 4 + 4 70 0
    HCL201CRW2RR2xLH324
    according to the invention
    *obs. = activity observed
    **calc. = activity calculated by Colby formula

Claims (15)

1. A method for improving the production potential of a transgenic plant, comprising treating the plant with an effective amount of a mixture of
(A) at least one compound of the formula I
Figure US20130289078A1-20131031-C00007
where R1 represents chlorine or cyano,
and
(B) at least one nicotinergic acetylcholine receptor agonist/antagonist selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, nitenpyram, nithiazine, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and AKD-1022.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said mixture comprises at least one compound of formula I and at least one compound of component (B), and optionally at least one further active co-component.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plant has at least one genetic modification having a modified principle of action selected from the group consisting of acetolactate synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, nitrilase, protein synthesis inhibitor, hormone imitator, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase, and GS glutamine synthetase.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a transgenic plant according to Table 4.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plant contains at least one genetic modification in which the active principle is selected from the group consisting of Cry1A(a), Cry1A(b), Cry1A(c), Cry11A, Cry111A, Cry111B2, CytA, CytA, VIP3, glucanase, Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus, proteinase inhibitor, plant lectin, agglutinine, cholesterol oxidase, chitinase, stilbene synthase, and 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase.
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the transgenic plant contains at least one gene or a gene fragment coding for a Bt toxin.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the transgenic plant comprises at least one herbicide resistance.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the transgenic plant is a vegetable plant, maize plant, soya bean plant, cotton plant, tobacco plant, rice plant, wheat plant, barley plant, rape plant, sugar beet plant, pomaceous fruit plant, banana plant, grape plant, melon plant, Brassica plant, sunflower plant or potato plant.
9. A method according to claim 1, wherein the mixture of at least one compound of formula I and at least one compound of component (B) are used for controlling insects from the order Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Homoptera, Heteroptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and/or Diptera.
10. A method according to claim 1, wherein an application rate from 0.1 g/ha to 5.0 kg/ha is employed.
11. A method of claim 1, wherein an application rate from 0.1 g/ha to 500 g/ha is employed.
12. A method of claim 1, wherein an application rate from 10 g/ha to 500 g/ha is employed.
13. A method of claim 1, wherein an application rate from 10 g/ha to 200 g/ha is employed.
14. A method of claim 1, wherein component (B) is selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam.
15. A method according to claim 1, wherein the transgenic plant is
(i) a maize plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, acetolactate synthase (ALS), adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, dimboa biosynthesis (Bx1-Gen), CMIII peptide building block from maize grain, Com-SAFP (zeamatin), Hml-gene, chitinase, glucanase, envelope protein, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, limonene synthase, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, 5C9-maize polypeptide, or HMG-CoA reductase; or
(ii) a wheat plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, or HMG-CoA reductase; or
(iii) a barley plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, or HMG-CoA reductase; or
(iv) a rice plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, or HMG-CoA reductase or
(v) a soya bean plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, HMG-CoA reductase, barnase, or cyst nematode hatching factor or
(vi) a potato plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, gene 49 for controlling disease resistance, trans-aldolase (antisense), glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, HMG-CoA reductase, or cyst nematode hatching factor, or
(vii) a tomato plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, 12 fusarium resistance site, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, or cyst nematode hatching factor; or
(viii) a bell pepper vegetable plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase. O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, 12 fusarium resistance site, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching or cyst nematode hatching factor; or
(ix) a grape plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, CBI, cyst nematode hatching or cyst nematode hatching factor; or
(x) an oilseed rape plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, or cyst nematode hatching factor; or
(xi) a Brassica vegetable plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xii) a Pomaceous fruit plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor. Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xiii) a melon plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xiv) a banana plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xv) a cotton plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xvi) a sugar cane plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xvii) a sunflower plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, or CBI; or
(xviii) a sugar beet or turnip plant having at least one genetically modified acetolactate synthase (ALS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, O-methyl transferase, glutamine synthetase, adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL), adenylosuccinate synthase, anthranilate synthase, nitrilase, 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase (EPSPS), glyphosate oxidoreductase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX), cytochrome P450, polyphenol oxidase or polyphenol oxidase (antisense), metallothionein, ribonuclease, antifungal polypeptide AlyAFP, oxalate oxidase, glucose oxidase, pyrrolnitrin synthesis gene, serine/threonine kinase, cecropin B, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), Cf genes, osmotin, alpha hordothionin, systemin, polygalacturonase inhibitor, Prf control gene, phytoalexin, B-1,3-glucanase (antisense), AX+WIN protein, receptor kinase, polypeptide that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) gene, lytic protein, lysozyme, chitinase, barnase, glucanase, double-strand ribonuclease, envelope protein, 17 kDa or 60 kDa protein, nuclear inclusion protein, pseudoubiquitin, replicase, Bacillus thuringiensis VIP 3 toxin, Bacillus cereus toxin, Photorabdus toxin, Xenorhabdus toxin, 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, peroxidase, aminopeptidase inhibitor, lectin, protease inhibitor, ribosome-inactivating protein, stilbene synthase, HMG-CoA reductase, cyst nematode hatching factor, beet cyst nematode resistance site, or CBI.
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