US20070128988A1 - Feeder Assembly For Particle Blast System - Google Patents
Feeder Assembly For Particle Blast System Download PDFInfo
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- US20070128988A1 US20070128988A1 US11/464,504 US46450406A US2007128988A1 US 20070128988 A1 US20070128988 A1 US 20070128988A1 US 46450406 A US46450406 A US 46450406A US 2007128988 A1 US2007128988 A1 US 2007128988A1
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- Prior art keywords
- rotor
- transport gas
- pockets
- seal
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
- B65G53/46—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels
- B65G53/4608—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material
- B65G53/4625—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow
- B65G53/4633—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow the element having pockets, rotated from charging position to discharging position, i.e. discrete flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/003—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods using material which dissolves or changes phase after the treatment, e.g. ice, CO2
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
- B24C7/0046—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier
- B24C7/0069—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a gaseous carrier with means for preventing clogging of the equipment or for preventing abrasive entering the airway
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
- B65G53/46—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels
- B65G53/4608—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
- B65G53/34—Details
- B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
- B65G53/46—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels
- B65G53/4608—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material
- B65G53/4625—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow
- B65G53/4633—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow the element having pockets, rotated from charging position to discharging position, i.e. discrete flow
- B65G53/4641—Turnable elements, e.g. rotary wheels with pockets or passages for material with axis of turning perpendicular to flow the element having pockets, rotated from charging position to discharging position, i.e. discrete flow with means for clearing out the pockets
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to particle blast systems, and is particularly directed to a device which provides improved introduction of particles into a transport gas flow for ultimate delivery as entrained particles to a workpiece or other target.
- the invention will be specifically disclosed in connection with a transport mechanism in a cryogenic particle blast system which introduces particles from a source of such particles, such as a hopper, into the transport gas flow.
- Particle blasting systems have been around for several decades.
- particles also known as blast media
- a transport gas flow and are transported as entrained particles to a blast nozzle, from which the particles exit, being directed toward a workpiece or other target.
- Carbon dioxide blasting systems are well known, and along with various associated component parts, are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,744,181, 4,843,770, 4,947,592, 5,050,805, 5,018,667, 5,109,636, 5,188,151, 5,301,509, 5,571,335, 5,301,509, 5,473,903, 5,660,580 and 5,795,214, and in commonly owned co-pending applications Ser. No. 09/658,359, filed Sep. 8, 2000, titled Improved Hopper and Ser. No. 09/369,797, filed Aug. 6, 1999, titled Non-Metallic Particle Blasting Nozzle With Static Field Dissipation, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- present invention will be described herein in connection with a particle feeder for use with carbon dioxide blasting, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited in use or application to carbon dioxide blasting.
- teachings of the present invention may be used in application in which there can be compaction or agglomeration of any type of particle blast media.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of a particle blast system constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the feeder assembly and motor of the particle blast system of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the feeder assembly of the particle blast system of FIG. 1 , similar to FIG. 2 but without the motor.
- FIG. 4 is a side view of the particle blast system of FIG. 1 .
- FIG. 5 is cross-sectional view of the particle blast system taken along line 5 - 5 of FIG. 4 .
- FIG. 6 is an exploded, perspective view of the feeder assembly.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the feeder assembly and motor of FIG. 2 .
- FIGS. 8 A-I are cross-sectional views of the feeder assembly taken along line 8 - 8 of FIG. 7 , showing the rotor in successive rotational orientations.
- FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the lower pad of the feeder assembly.
- FIG. 10 is a top view of lower pad of FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the lower pad of FIG. 9 .
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 12 - 12 of FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 13 - 13 of FIG. 7 .
- FIG. 14 is top view of the feeder assembly.
- FIG. 15 is a is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 15 - 15 of FIG. 14 .
- FIG. 16 is a side view of the feeder assembly.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 17 - 17 of FIG. 16 .
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a rotor.
- FIG. 19 is a side view of the rotor of FIG. 18 .
- FIG. 1 shows particle blast system, generally indicated at 2 , with the outside cover omitted for clarity.
- Particle blast system 2 includes frame 4 which supports the various components.
- Particle blast system 2 includes hopper 6 , which holds the blast media (not shown), functioning as a source of blast media.
- particle blast system 2 is configured to use sublimeable particles, particularly carbon dioxide pellets, as the blast media. It is noted that the present invention may be used with a wide variety of blast media, including non-cryogenic blast media.
- Particle blast system 2 includes feeder assembly 8 , also referred to as the feeder, which is driven by motor 10 .
- Feeder 8 includes inlet 12 and outlet 14 .
- a transport gas flowpath is formed within feeder 8 between inlet 12 and outlet 14 (not seen in FIG. 1 ) as described hereinafter.
- Inlet 12 is connected to a source of transport gas
- outlet 14 is connected to the delivery hose (not shown) which transports the carbon dioxide pellets entrained in the transport gas to the blast nozzle (not shown).
- conduit 16 is connected to inlet 12 , and includes end 16 a extending outside of frame 4 for easy connection to a source of transport gas.
- FIG. 1 illustrates outlet 14 as being connected to hose 18 , which includes end 18 a extending outside of frame 4 for easy connection to the delivery hose (not shown).
- the transport gas may be at any pressure and flow rate suitable for the particular system.
- the operating pressures, flow rates and component (such as compressor) size are dependant on the cross-section of the system blast nozzle (not shown).
- the source of transport gas may be shop air. Typically, despite treatment, the transport gas will have some humidity left in it.
- the transport gas at the rotor had a pressure of about 80 PSIG with a nominal flow rate of 150 SCFM, at around room temperature, which matched the particular system blast nozzle used.
- the operating pressure for such a system ranges from about 30 PSIG to about 300 PSIG, the upper maximum being dictated by the rating of the components.
- the maximum rotor speed was about 70 RPM, at which the system delivered approximately 7 pounds of CO 2 pellets per minute.
- FIG. 2 shows feeder assembly 8 connected to motor 10 , through coupling 20 .
- coupling 20 is a jaw type coupling formed by the intermeshing of a plurality of legs 24 which extend from an end of rotor 26 . Complementarily shaped legs are found on motor 10 , providing easy disengagement through axial movement between motor 10 and rotor 26 .
- Coupling 20 allows radial and axial misalignment and provides for easy disassembly.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional view of hopper 6 and feeder 8 .
- hopper exit 28 is aligned with inlet 30 of feeder 8 .
- Seal assembly 32 seals between exit 28 and feeder 8 , sealingly engaging upper surface 34 a of upper seal pad 34 .
- Ramrod assembly 35 is illustrated extending to the side.
- Inlet 12 has coupling 12 a threaded thereto.
- Outlet 14 has coupling 14 a threaded thereto.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of feeder 8 .
- Feeder 8 includes feeder block 36 in which inlet 12 and outlet 14 are formed.
- Feeder block 36 includes cavity 38 defined by wall 38 a and bottom 38 b .
- Feeder block 36 is secured to plate 37 which is secured to base 40 which is secured to frame 4 .
- a pair of spaced apart bearing supports 42 , 44 respectively carry axially aligned sealed bearings 46 , 48 .
- Rotor 26 is made from 6061 hard coat anodized aluminum, and is depicted as a cylinder, although various other shapes, such as frustoconical may be used. In the depicted embodiment, rotor 26 has a diameter of two inches. The present invention includes the use of a rotor having a diameter of approximately four inches. Threaded hole 26 b is formed in the end of rotor 26 to provide for removal or rotor 26 .
- Rotor 26 includes peripheral surface 50 , in which a plurality of spaced apart pockets 52 are formed. In the embodiment shown, there are four circumferential rows of pockets 52 , with each circumferential row having six pockets 52 . Pockets 52 are also aligned in axial rows, with each axial row having two pockets 52 . The axial and circumferential rows are arranged such that the axial and circumferential widths of pockets 52 overlap, but do not intersect, each other.
- rotor 26 is rotatably carried by bearings 46 , 48 , for rotation by motor 10 about rotor axis 26 c .
- Rotor 26 is retained in place by motor 10 at end 26 a , with thrust bearing plate 56 and retaining plate 54 retaining rotor 26 at the other end.
- Thrust bearing plate 56 is made of UHMW plastic. The fit between bearings 46 , 48 , and rotor 26 allows rotor 26 to be easily withdrawn from feeder assembly 8 by removing retaining plate 54 and thrust bearing plate 56 , and sliding rotor out through bearing 46 .
- a threaded shaft, such as a bolt, may be inserted into hole 26 b to aid in removal of rotor 26 .
- the configuration of feeder 8 does not require any axial loading on rotor 26 , either from sealing or the bearings.
- the end play or float of rotor 26 was about 0.050 inches.
- Lower seal pad 58 is disposed partially in cavity 38 , with seal 60 , located in groove 62 , sealingly engaging groove 62 and wall 38 a .
- Lower seal pad 58 includes surface 64 which, when assembled, contacts peripheral surface 50 of rotor 26 , forming a seal therewith, as described below.
- “pad” is not used as limiting: “Seal pad” refers to any component which forms a seal.
- Upper seal pad 34 includes surface 66 which, when assembled, contacts peripheral surface 50 of rotor 26 .
- Fasteners 68 engage holes in upper seal pad 34 to hold it in place, without significant force being exerted by surface 66 on rotor 26 .
- Intermediate seal 70 may be disposed between upper seal pad 34 and lower seal pad 58 .
- Upper seal pad 34 and lower seal pad 58 are made of a UHMW material.
- the ends of surfaces 64 and 66 adjacent bearing 46 are chamfered to allow easier insertion of rotor 26 .
- Ramrod assembly 35 includes two ramrods 35 a and 35 b which are moved between a retracted position to a position at which they extend into entrance 30 of feeder 8 .
- Ramrods 35 a and 35 b are actuated by pneumatic cylinders 33 a and 33 b respectively, which are carried by mounting plate 31 .
- Mounting plate 31 is secured at either end to bearing supports 42 and 44 by fasteners 27 , with spacer 29 disposed adjacent mounting plate 31 .
- Spacer 29 includes openings 29 a and 29 b which align with openings 30 a and 30 b in seal 34 .
- Copending application Ser. No. 09/658,359 provides a description of the operation of ramrods. Any functional number of ramrods may be used, for example only one or more than two. They may be oriented differently than as shown in FIG. 6 , such as at 90° to that illustrated, aligned with axis of rotation 26 c . They may operate simultaneously, alternating or independently. They may be disposed at
- FIGS. 8 A-I are cross-sectional views of the feeder assembly taken along line 8 - 8 of FIG. 7 , and show rotor 26 in successive rotational orientations.
- FIG. 8A shows lower pad seal 58 disposed in cavity 38 , with seal 68 engaging wall 38 a , and upper pad seal 34 overlying lower pad seal 58 .
- FIGS. 9-11 which show various views of lower seal pad 68
- upper pad seal 34 is disposed adjacent upper surface 58 a of lower pad seal 58 .
- labyrinth seal 70 is formed between upper pad seal 34 and lower pad seal 58 by the cooperation of step 58 b with downwardly extending wall or lip 34 c .
- vent 96 is formed, which allows pressurized transport gas to escape from pockets 52 as they pass thereby, as described below. Vent 96 is defined by step 34 d formed in upper seal 34 and surface 58 c a portion of which is downwardly inclined. The slight incline of a portion of surface 58 c prevents water from puddling when water ice that may build up on the feeder thaws.
- Surface 64 includes two openings 72 which are in fluid communication with inlet 12 through upstream chamber 74 , and two openings 76 which are in fluid communication with outlet 14 through downstream chamber 78 . It is noted that although two openings 72 and two openings 76 are present in the illustrated embodiment, the number of openings 72 and openings 76 may vary, depending on the design of feeder 8 . For example, a single opening may be used for each. Additionally, more than two openings may be used for each.
- Feeder 8 has a transport gas flowpath from inlet 12 to outlet 14 .
- passageways 80 and 82 are formed in feeder block 36 .
- Lower seal pad 58 includes recess 84 , which is aligned with inlet 12 and together with passageway 80 , places upstream chamber 74 in fluid communication with inlet 12 .
- Lower seal pad also includes recess 86 , which is aligned with outlet 14 and together with passageway 82 , places downstream chamber 78 in fluid communication with outlet 14 .
- Upstream chamber 74 is separated from downstream chamber 76 by wall 88 which extends transversely across lower seal pad 58 , in the same direction as axis of rotation 26 c .
- Lower surface 88 a of wall 88 seals against bottom 38 b of cavity 38 , keeping upstream chamber 74 separate from downstream chamber 78 .
- Wall 90 is disposed perpendicular to wall 88 , with lower surface 90 a engaging bottom 38 b.
- inlet 12 is in fluid communication with outlet 14 only through individual pockets 52 as they are cyclically disposed by rotation of rotor 26 between a first position at an individual pocket first spans openings 72 and 76 and a second position at which the individual pocket last spans openings 72 and 76 .
- This configuration directs all of the transport gas entering inlet 12 to pass through pockets 52 , which pushes the blast media out of pockets 52 , to become entrained in the transport gas flow.
- Turbulent flow occurs in downstream chamber 78 , promoting mixing of media with the transport gas.
- Such mixing of the media minimizes entrains the media in the transport gas, minimizing impacts between the media and the feeder components downstream of the pockets. This means that the particles are only significantly in contact with the rotor, minimizing heat transfer to the particles from other components of feeder 8 .
- the significant flow of the transport gas through each pocket 52 acts to effectively clean all media from each pocket 52 .
- this transport gas flowpath in which all or substantially all flows through pockets 52 , aids in the transfer of heat from the transport gas to rotor 26 , which helps reduce or prevent water ice (which forms due to humidity in the transport gas) from freezing on the rotor and other parts of feeder 8 .
- Heat transfer between rotor 26 and non-moving components of feeder 8 is minimized by use of the UHMW pad seals surrounding rotor 26 .
- Substantially all heat gain or loss of the rotor is from the particles and transport gas.
- the small mass of rotor 26 makes it easier for the transport gas to heat rotor 26 .
- rotor 26 could carry a heater element, or passageways could be provided for the flow of heated air primarily for heating rotor 26 . Such passages could be in rotor 26 . Of course, the necessary rotational coupling for such heater element or passageways would have to be provided.
- the depicted embodiment is configured to direct all the transport gas through the pockets, is possible to configure a particle blast system to utilize this aspect of the present invention, but without directing all transport gas through the pockets, such as by bypassing a portion of the transport gas flow around the feeder, or even bypassing a portion of the transport gas flow around the pocket.
- the present invention is applicable to such particle blast systems.
- FIGS. 8 A-I illustrate the progress of pocket 52 a past openings 76 and 72 as rotor 26 is rotated.
- rotor 26 rotates clockwise, presenting pockets 52 in an endless succession first past openings 76 and then openings 72 in a periodic, cyclical nature. It is noted that alternatively, rotor 26 could rotate in the opposition direction, exposing pockets first to openings 72 and then openings 76 .
- Pockets 52 are filled with blast media, in particular in this embodiment carbon dioxide pellets, from hopper 6 through opening 92 in upper seal pad 34 .
- leading edge 52 b of pocket 52 a is illustrated located about midway in opening 76 . Once leading edge 52 b has traveled past edge 76 a of opening 76 a sufficient distance, pellets will begin to exit pocket 52 a.
- FIG. 8B illustrates leading edge 52 b just reaching edge 76 b of opening 76 .
- the entire circumferential width of opening 76 is exposed to pocket 52 a , it being noted that as a result of the roughly circular shape of the opening of pocket 52 a , the cross-sectional area of the opening of pocket 52 a exposed to opening 76 (as well as opening 72 ) varies with the angular position of pocket 52 a.
- the level of edge 88 b could be reduced, creating a gap such that a complete seal with rotor 26 is not formed by wall 88 , providing a continuous flowpath from inlet 12 to outlet 14 from the first passageway, defined by lower pad seal 58 which is in fluid communication with opening 72 to the second passageway, defined by lower pad seal 58 which is in fluid communication with opening 76 , through the passageway defined by edge 88 b of wall 88 and the peripheral surface 50 of rotor 26 , not through pockets 52 .
- Such a continuous flow path would reduce pulsing as the size of the flow path cyclically varies with the rotation of rotor 26 .
- pockets 52 are moved between the first and second positions, there is a substantial increase in the flowpath area, and a substantial volume of transport gas flows through the aligned pockets 52 .
- FIG. 8C illustrates leading edge 52 b of pocket 52 a at a first position just reaching edge 72 a of opening 72 , whereat pocket 52 a first begins spanning opening 76 and 72 .
- FIG. 8D illustrates rotor 26 rotated slightly further, with leading edge 52 b just past edge 72 a . Once leading edge 52 b passes edge 76 a , there is a continuous transport gas flowpath from opening 72 to opening 76 through pocket 52 a . At the position shown in FIG. 8D , transport gas will flow from upstream chamber 74 , through opening 72 , pocket 52 a and opening 76 a , to downstream chamber 76 , as indicated by arrow 94 .
- the transport gas pushes pellets from pocket 52 a out opening 76 , into downstream chamber 78 where mixing of the pellets and transport gas occurs, and pellets exit feeder 8 through outlet 14 , entrained in the transport gas.
- FIG. 8E illustrates leading edge 52 b when it first reaches edge 72 b .
- FIG. 8F shows leading edge 52 b well past edge 72 b , with trailing edge 52 c approaching edge 76 b at which the flowpath through pocket 52 a will stop, the position at which pocket 52 a is no longer part of the transport gas flowpath (until the next cycle).
- FIG. 8G shows trailing edge 52 c past edge 76 b , at edge 72 a .
- pocket 52 a is no longer exposed to downstream chamber 78 , but is exposed to pressurized transport gas.
- FIG. 8H illustrates trailing edge 52 c past edge 72 b , with pressurized transport gas trapped therein.
- FIG. 8I illustrates pocket 52 a rotated further, aligned with vent 96 , which allows the pressurized transport gas that was trapped within pocket 52 a to escape.
- upper seal pad is held in engagement with rotor 26 by fasteners 68 without significant force being exerted by surface 66 on rotor 26 .
- Ambient pressure is present within hopper 6 .
- Upper seal pad 34 functions not only in the filling of pockets 52 , but also to keep ambient moisture from entering the system through feeder 8 . Adequate sealing is achieved between surface 66 and surface 50 without any significant force urging upper seal pad 34 toward rotor 26 .
- the seal between rotor surface 50 and lower seal pad surface 64 is very important.
- the pressurized transport gas must be contained, both for efficiency of the delivery of pellets to the blast nozzle and because leakage into the low pressure side of rotor 26 and into hopper 6 will cause agglomeration and other deleterious effects.
- the present invention utilizes the pressure of the transport gas to provide substantially all the sealing force between rotor surface 50 and seal surface 64 .
- lower seal pad 58 is disposed partially in cavity 38 , with seal 68 sealing between wall 38 a and lower seal pad 58 .
- Surface 98 is spaced apart from surface 64 , and together they define arcuate wall 100 .
- arcuate wall 100 is a relatively thin wall which is sufficiently flexible to transmit a substantial portion of pressure exerted against surface 98 to rotor surface 50 by surface 64 .
- Surface 98 a of surface 98 defines a portion of upstream chamber 74 .
- arcuate wall 100 a allows arcuate wall to conform to the shape of rotor surface 50 , and transmit a substantial portion of the pressure to surface 64 a , urging surface 64 a into sealing contact with rotor surface 50 .
- surface 98 b of surface 98 defines a portion of downstream chamber 76 .
- the pressure of the transport gas within downstream chamber 76 bears on surface 98 b , urging the overlying portion surface 64 b of surface 64 against rotor surface 50 .
- the flexibility of arcuate wall 100 b allows arcuate wall to conform to the shape of rotor surface 50 , and transmit a substantial portion of the pressure to surface 64 b , urging surface 64 b into sealing contact with rotor surface 50 .
- seal surface 64 contacts rotor surface 50 over an angle of about 180°.
- the depicted configuration allows the sealing force to be exerted throughout substantially the entire contact angle, and substantially normal to rotor surface 50 .
- other seal arrangements even those that are not activated by gas pressure, may also be used with the pockets being part of the transportation gas flowpath.
- the sealing force between rotor surface 50 and surface 64 is proportional to the transport gas pressure.
- the load on rotor 26 and motor 10 is proportional to the transport gas pressure. This reduces rotor and seal wear, and increases motor life.
- the pressure which actuates the seal against rotor surface 50 may come from any source.
- inner surface 98 may be exposed to pressurized transport gas by a chamber or passageway connected to but not within the direct transport gas flowpath.
- the pressure of the gas within such a chamber or passageway may be controlled separate from the pressure of the transport gas.
- the chamber may be not connected to the transport gas flowpath, with a separate source of fluid pressure being used to urge surface 64 into sealing engagement with rotor surface 50 .
- Configurations other than as depicted in the illustrated embodiment may be used to provide the sealing force.
- a plurality of internal passageways may be formed adjacent surface 64 which urge surface 64 into sealing engagement with rotor surface 50 when pressure is present in such internal passageways. It is noted that the dynamic pneumatically actuated seal unloads rotor 26 when not in operation, make rotor removal easier than designs that require seals be unloaded before rotor removal.
- FIGS. 8 A-I there is an additional circumferential row of pockets 52 which is axially aligned with the depicted row, and two other circumferential rows of pockets 52 which aligned with each other but staggered with respect to the other two aligned circumferential rows.
- the arrangement of pockets 52 in the depicted embodiment thus keeps inlet 12 in continuous fluid communication with outlet 14 .
- the depicted configuration including the arrangement of pockets 52 , the flow through pocket, and downstream mixing chamber 78 , functions to reduce pulsing of blast media.
- pockets 52 may vary. Obviously, sufficient wall thickness must remain between pockets 52 to maintain structural integrity and sufficient sealing at surface 50 . Different pocket opening shapes may be used. It is noted that openings with leading edges that are parallel to edges 72 a , 72 b , 76 a and 76 b , and/or too much axial width can allow deflection in surfaces 64 , as well as 66 , resulting in the pocket opening gouging those surfaces.
- the volume of pockets 52 was as large as possible, given the physical constraints, so as to maximize the volume for receiving and transporting pellets. In the depicted embodiment, laminar flow does not occur through pockets 5 , promoting better removal of pellets as the transport gas flows therethrough.
- Rotor 26 determines how much blast media can be introduced into the transport gas flow and ultimately bow much blast media can be directed toward a target from the blast nozzle.
- Rotor 26 is substantially smaller in diameter than other radial transport rotors, being in the depicted embodiment about two inches in diameter. The smaller diameter results in less torque developed by the seal pressure. This, in addition to the lack of significant seal drag at start up, allows a smaller motor to be used.
- the small diameter rotor also has a lower moment of inertia, which also reduces the power required for rotation.
- prior art motors were at least one horsepower. In the depicted embodiment, for the same pellet delivery rate, motor 10 is can be a half or quarter horsepower motor, perhaps even lower. This lower torque requirement allows, if desired, the use of a pneumatic motor.
- the rotational speed of rotor 26 in the depicted embodiment is 70 RPM, compared to 20 RPM of similar prior art large diameter rotors. For the depicted arrangement of pockets 52 , this speed results in the same rate of pocket exposure at the discharge station as the slower moving, larger diameter rotors of the prior art. If the large diameter prior art rotors rotated too fast, the pockets would not fill, similar to cavitation resulting from the characteristics of the pellets, meaning that rotating the rotor above a certain speed would not increase the pellet delivery rate. However, the small diameter rotor, one aspect of the present invention, is able to fill properly even when rotated at the higher rotational speed.
- the smaller diameter rotor is used as described herein.
- the volume of pocket exposure is also important.
- the smaller rotor dictates deeper pockets and more pockets to obtain the same volume. Filling the deeper pockets requires more time than shallow pockets of the same volume, thereby affecting rotational speed. For example, in one embodiment, a 14% deeper pocket depth was combined with a 14% drop in rotational speed of the small rotor of the equivalent small rotor rate of pocket exposure.
- pellets are in a rotor pocket for approximately half of each rotation.
- the “dwell” time for pellets in a pocket are the same for the same rate of pocket exposure, regardless of rotor diameter.
- the small diameter rotor reduces the total variation in temperature by reducing cycle time.
- Different ranges of delivery rates may be achieved by providing a variety of rotors having different pocket arrangements, such as pockets of different sizes or a different number of pockets.
- the rotor rotational speed can then be varied to control the exact delivery rate within the range.
- the control system may provide only a single rotor speed. Rotors may be easily changed by removal of retaining plate 54 , as discussed above.
- FIG. 12 there is shown a cross-sectional view taken along line 12 - 12 of FIG. 7 , showing a section through lower seal pad 58 .
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13 - 13 of FIG. 7 , showing a section through lower seal pad 58 at a location closer to bottom 38 b of feeder block 36 .
- Passageways 80 and 82 can be seen, formed in bottom 38 b.
- FIG. 14 is a top view of feeder 8 , with plurality of pockets 52 of rotor 26 clearly visible through opening 92 .
- Inclined surfaces 92 b and 92 c allow opening to be larger than the opening 92 adjacent rotor 26 . It is noted that the width (as taken parallel to section line 15 - 15 ) of opening 92 is larger than similar prior art feeders, with the ratio of length to diameter of rotor 26 being substantially larger than that of prior art feeders.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15 - 15 of FIG. 14 .
- Section line 15 - 15 cuts through downstream chamber 78 so that wall 88 is seen in full view and wall 90 is seen in section view.
- FIG. 16 is a side view of feeder 8
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 17 - 17 of FIG. 16
- FIGS. 15 and 17 are similar in that the section is taken through the center of rotor 26 . However, in FIG. 17 , the lower portion of the section is taken closer to outlet 14 , showing surface 78 a of downstream chamber 78 and wall 90 in full view.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 provide further illustration of pockets 52 of the rotor depicted herein.
- the mouth of the pockets, at surface 50 of rotor 26 have been enlarged relative to the rest of the pocket. Due to the cylindrical shape of rotor 26 , the wall thickness between adjacent pockets 52 is smaller closer to the rotor's center. In contrast, at surface 50 , the pocket centers are further apart, allowing the pocket openings to be larger.
- the outside edges 52 d of either outer circumferential row of pockets 52 are not the same shape as the pocket openings of the inner two circumferential rows. This matches existing hopper throat size, but it will be recognized that such an opening configuration is a limitation.
- the present invention allows the utilization of a rotor having a diameter to width (sealing width) of below 1:1, such as in the depicted embodiment 1:2.
- Prior art rotors operating at pressures in the range of 30-300 PSIG, such as is typically found with cryogenic particle blasting, are known to fall around 8:1.25.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
- Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
- Screw Conveyors (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates generally to particle blast systems, and is particularly directed to a device which provides improved introduction of particles into a transport gas flow for ultimate delivery as entrained particles to a workpiece or other target. The invention will be specifically disclosed in connection with a transport mechanism in a cryogenic particle blast system which introduces particles from a source of such particles, such as a hopper, into the transport gas flow.
- Particle blasting systems have been around for several decades. Typically, particles, also known as blast media, are fed into a transport gas flow and are transported as entrained particles to a blast nozzle, from which the particles exit, being directed toward a workpiece or other target.
- Carbon dioxide blasting systems are well known, and along with various associated component parts, are shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,744,181, 4,843,770, 4,947,592, 5,050,805, 5,018,667, 5,109,636, 5,188,151, 5,301,509, 5,571,335, 5,301,509, 5,473,903, 5,660,580 and 5,795,214, and in commonly owned co-pending applications Ser. No. 09/658,359, filed Sep. 8, 2000, titled Improved Hopper and Ser. No. 09/369,797, filed Aug. 6, 1999, titled Non-Metallic Particle Blasting Nozzle With Static Field Dissipation, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. Many prior art blasting system, such as disclosed therein, include rotating rotors with cavities or pockets for transporting pellets into the transport gas flow. Seals are used in contact with the rotor surface in which the cavities or pockets are formed. Such seals are usually urged against the rotor surface independent of whether the rotor is rotating or the system is operating. The seal force results in seal drag, creating a resisting torque which has to be overcome by the motor. When the torque is present at the time the rotor is started turning, a substantial start up load is placed on the motor, affecting the size and wear of the motor. The prior art large diameter rotors also provide a sizable moment arm through which the seal drag produces substantial torque.
- At least for prior art rotors which utilize pockets formed in a peripheral rotor surface, not all pellets are discharged from the pockets at the discharge station. Additionally, the pocket spacing and lack of thorough, uniform mixing of the transport gas and pellets in the feeder results in pulses.
- Although the present invention will be described herein in connection with a particle feeder for use with carbon dioxide blasting, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited in use or application to carbon dioxide blasting. The teachings of the present invention may be used in application in which there can be compaction or agglomeration of any type of particle blast media.
- The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification illustrate several aspects of the present invention, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of a particle blast system constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention. -
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the feeder assembly and motor of the particle blast system ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the feeder assembly of the particle blast system ofFIG. 1 , similar toFIG. 2 but without the motor. -
FIG. 4 is a side view of the particle blast system ofFIG. 1 . -
FIG. 5 is cross-sectional view of the particle blast system taken along line 5-5 ofFIG. 4 . -
FIG. 6 is an exploded, perspective view of the feeder assembly. -
FIG. 7 is a side view of the feeder assembly and motor ofFIG. 2 . - FIGS. 8A-I are cross-sectional views of the feeder assembly taken along line 8-8 of
FIG. 7 , showing the rotor in successive rotational orientations. -
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the lower pad of the feeder assembly. -
FIG. 10 is a top view of lower pad ofFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the lower pad ofFIG. 9 . -
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 12-12 ofFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 13-13 ofFIG. 7 . -
FIG. 14 is top view of the feeder assembly. -
FIG. 15 is a is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 15-15 ofFIG. 14 . -
FIG. 16 is a side view of the feeder assembly. -
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the feeder assembly taken along line 17-17 ofFIG. 16 . -
FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a rotor. -
FIG. 19 is a side view of the rotor ofFIG. 18 . - Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
- Referring now to the drawings in detail, wherein like numerals indicate the same elements throughout the views,
FIG. 1 shows particle blast system, generally indicated at 2, with the outside cover omitted for clarity.Particle blast system 2 includesframe 4 which supports the various components.Particle blast system 2 includeshopper 6, which holds the blast media (not shown), functioning as a source of blast media. In the embodiment depicted,particle blast system 2 is configured to use sublimeable particles, particularly carbon dioxide pellets, as the blast media. It is noted that the present invention may be used with a wide variety of blast media, including non-cryogenic blast media. -
Particle blast system 2 includesfeeder assembly 8, also referred to as the feeder, which is driven bymotor 10.Feeder 8 includesinlet 12 andoutlet 14. A transport gas flowpath is formed withinfeeder 8 betweeninlet 12 and outlet 14 (not seen inFIG. 1 ) as described hereinafter.Inlet 12 is connected to a source of transport gas, andoutlet 14 is connected to the delivery hose (not shown) which transports the carbon dioxide pellets entrained in the transport gas to the blast nozzle (not shown). As can be seen inFIGS. 1 and 4 ,conduit 16 is connected toinlet 12, and includesend 16 a extending outside offrame 4 for easy connection to a source of transport gas.FIG. 1 illustratesoutlet 14 as being connected tohose 18, which includesend 18 a extending outside offrame 4 for easy connection to the delivery hose (not shown). - As is well known, the transport gas may be at any pressure and flow rate suitable for the particular system. The operating pressures, flow rates and component (such as compressor) size are dependant on the cross-section of the system blast nozzle (not shown). The source of transport gas may be shop air. Typically, despite treatment, the transport gas will have some humidity left in it. In the depicted embodiment, the transport gas at the rotor had a pressure of about 80 PSIG with a nominal flow rate of 150 SCFM, at around room temperature, which matched the particular system blast nozzle used. The operating pressure for such a system ranges from about 30 PSIG to about 300 PSIG, the upper maximum being dictated by the rating of the components. The maximum rotor speed was about 70 RPM, at which the system delivered approximately 7 pounds of CO2 pellets per minute.
-
FIG. 2 showsfeeder assembly 8 connected tomotor 10, throughcoupling 20. As can be seen inFIG. 3 , from whichmotor 10 andcover 22 have been omitted,coupling 20 is a jaw type coupling formed by the intermeshing of a plurality oflegs 24 which extend from an end ofrotor 26. Complementarily shaped legs are found onmotor 10, providing easy disengagement through axial movement betweenmotor 10 androtor 26.Coupling 20 allows radial and axial misalignment and provides for easy disassembly. -
FIG. 5 illustrates a cross sectional view ofhopper 6 andfeeder 8. As shown,hopper exit 28 is aligned withinlet 30 offeeder 8.Seal assembly 32 seals betweenexit 28 andfeeder 8, sealingly engagingupper surface 34 a ofupper seal pad 34.Ramrod assembly 35 is illustrated extending to the side.Inlet 12 hascoupling 12 a threaded thereto.Outlet 14 hascoupling 14 a threaded thereto. -
FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view offeeder 8.Feeder 8 includesfeeder block 36 in whichinlet 12 andoutlet 14 are formed.Feeder block 36 includescavity 38 defined bywall 38 a and bottom 38 b.Feeder block 36 is secured to plate 37 which is secured to base 40 which is secured toframe 4. A pair of spaced apart bearingsupports bearings -
Rotor 26 is made from 6061 hard coat anodized aluminum, and is depicted as a cylinder, although various other shapes, such as frustoconical may be used. In the depicted embodiment,rotor 26 has a diameter of two inches. The present invention includes the use of a rotor having a diameter of approximately four inches. Threadedhole 26 b is formed in the end ofrotor 26 to provide for removal orrotor 26.Rotor 26 includesperipheral surface 50, in which a plurality of spaced apart pockets 52 are formed. In the embodiment shown, there are four circumferential rows ofpockets 52, with each circumferential row having sixpockets 52.Pockets 52 are also aligned in axial rows, with each axial row having twopockets 52. The axial and circumferential rows are arranged such that the axial and circumferential widths ofpockets 52 overlap, but do not intersect, each other. - In this embodiment,
rotor 26 is rotatably carried bybearings motor 10 aboutrotor axis 26 c.Rotor 26 is retained in place bymotor 10 at end 26 a, withthrust bearing plate 56 and retainingplate 54 retainingrotor 26 at the other end.Thrust bearing plate 56 is made of UHMW plastic. The fit betweenbearings rotor 26 allowsrotor 26 to be easily withdrawn fromfeeder assembly 8 by removing retainingplate 54 andthrust bearing plate 56, and sliding rotor out throughbearing 46. A threaded shaft, such as a bolt, may be inserted intohole 26 b to aid in removal ofrotor 26. - In the embodiment depicted, the configuration of
feeder 8 does not require any axial loading onrotor 26, either from sealing or the bearings. The end play or float ofrotor 26 was about 0.050 inches. -
Lower seal pad 58 is disposed partially incavity 38, withseal 60, located ingroove 62,sealingly engaging groove 62 andwall 38 a.Lower seal pad 58 includessurface 64 which, when assembled, contactsperipheral surface 50 ofrotor 26, forming a seal therewith, as described below. As used herein, “pad” is not used as limiting: “Seal pad” refers to any component which forms a seal. -
Upper seal pad 34 includessurface 66 which, when assembled, contactsperipheral surface 50 ofrotor 26.Fasteners 68 engage holes inupper seal pad 34 to hold it in place, without significant force being exerted bysurface 66 onrotor 26.Intermediate seal 70 may be disposed betweenupper seal pad 34 andlower seal pad 58. -
Upper seal pad 34 andlower seal pad 58 are made of a UHMW material. The ends ofsurfaces adjacent bearing 46 are chamfered to allow easier insertion ofrotor 26. -
Ramrod assembly 35 includes tworamrods entrance 30 offeeder 8. Ramrods 35 a and 35 b are actuated bypneumatic cylinders plate 31. Mountingplate 31 is secured at either end to bearing supports 42 and 44 byfasteners 27, withspacer 29 disposed adjacent mountingplate 31.Spacer 29 includesopenings openings seal 34. Copending application Ser. No. 09/658,359 provides a description of the operation of ramrods. Any functional number of ramrods may be used, for example only one or more than two. They may be oriented differently than as shown inFIG. 6 , such as at 90° to that illustrated, aligned with axis ofrotation 26 c. They may operate simultaneously, alternating or independently. They may be disposed at angles to each other. - FIGS. 8A-I are cross-sectional views of the feeder assembly taken along line 8-8 of
FIG. 7 , and showrotor 26 in successive rotational orientations.FIG. 8A showslower pad seal 58 disposed incavity 38, withseal 68 engagingwall 38 a, andupper pad seal 34 overlyinglower pad seal 58. Referring also toFIGS. 9-11 , which show various views oflower seal pad 68,upper pad seal 34 is disposed adjacentupper surface 58 a oflower pad seal 58. On one side,labyrinth seal 70 is formed betweenupper pad seal 34 andlower pad seal 58 by the cooperation ofstep 58 b with downwardly extending wall orlip 34 c. Thus,lower pad seal 58 overlaps withupper pad seal 34 at this stepped joint keeps ambient air from entering the hopper. With the stepped design,lower pad seal 58 can move vertically independent ofupper pad seal 34, allowing substantially all force onlower seal pad 58 functions to urgesurface 64 in sealing contact withsurface 50, as described below. On the opposite side, vent 96 is formed, which allows pressurized transport gas to escape frompockets 52 as they pass thereby, as described below.Vent 96 is defined bystep 34 d formed inupper seal 34 andsurface 58 c a portion of which is downwardly inclined. The slight incline of a portion ofsurface 58 c prevents water from puddling when water ice that may build up on the feeder thaws. -
Surface 64 includes twoopenings 72 which are in fluid communication withinlet 12 throughupstream chamber 74, and twoopenings 76 which are in fluid communication withoutlet 14 throughdownstream chamber 78. It is noted that although twoopenings 72 and twoopenings 76 are present in the illustrated embodiment, the number ofopenings 72 andopenings 76 may vary, depending on the design offeeder 8. For example, a single opening may be used for each. Additionally, more than two openings may be used for each. -
Feeder 8 has a transport gas flowpath frominlet 12 tooutlet 14. In the depicted embodiment, passageways 80 and 82 are formed infeeder block 36.Lower seal pad 58 includesrecess 84, which is aligned withinlet 12 and together withpassageway 80, placesupstream chamber 74 in fluid communication withinlet 12. Lower seal pad also includesrecess 86, which is aligned withoutlet 14 and together withpassageway 82, placesdownstream chamber 78 in fluid communication withoutlet 14. -
Upstream chamber 74 is separated fromdownstream chamber 76 bywall 88 which extends transversely acrosslower seal pad 58, in the same direction as axis ofrotation 26 c. Lower surface 88 a ofwall 88 seals against bottom 38 b ofcavity 38, keepingupstream chamber 74 separate fromdownstream chamber 78.Wall 90 is disposed perpendicular to wall 88, with lower surface 90 a engaging bottom 38 b. - As illustrated, in the depicted embodiment,
inlet 12 is in fluid communication withoutlet 14 only throughindividual pockets 52 as they are cyclically disposed by rotation ofrotor 26 between a first position at an individual pocket first spansopenings openings gas entering inlet 12 to pass through pockets 52, which pushes the blast media out ofpockets 52, to become entrained in the transport gas flow. Turbulent flow occurs indownstream chamber 78, promoting mixing of media with the transport gas. Such mixing of the media minimizes entrains the media in the transport gas, minimizing impacts between the media and the feeder components downstream of the pockets. This means that the particles are only significantly in contact with the rotor, minimizing heat transfer to the particles from other components offeeder 8. The significant flow of the transport gas through eachpocket 52 acts to effectively clean all media from eachpocket 52. - For cryogenic particles, this transport gas flowpath, in which all or substantially all flows through
pockets 52, aids in the transfer of heat from the transport gas torotor 26, which helps reduce or prevent water ice (which forms due to humidity in the transport gas) from freezing on the rotor and other parts offeeder 8. Heat transfer betweenrotor 26 and non-moving components offeeder 8 is minimized by use of the UHMW padseals surrounding rotor 26. Substantially all heat gain or loss of the rotor is from the particles and transport gas. The small mass ofrotor 26 makes it easier for the transport gas to heatrotor 26. Additionally,rotor 26 could carry a heater element, or passageways could be provided for the flow of heated air primarily forheating rotor 26. Such passages could be inrotor 26. Of course, the necessary rotational coupling for such heater element or passageways would have to be provided. - Although the depicted embodiment is configured to direct all the transport gas through the pockets, is possible to configure a particle blast system to utilize this aspect of the present invention, but without directing all transport gas through the pockets, such as by bypassing a portion of the transport gas flow around the feeder, or even bypassing a portion of the transport gas flow around the pocket. The present invention is applicable to such particle blast systems.
- FIGS. 8A-I illustrate the progress of
pocket 52 apast openings rotor 26 is rotated. In the depicted embodiment,rotor 26 rotates clockwise, presentingpockets 52 in an endless succession firstpast openings 76 and thenopenings 72 in a periodic, cyclical nature. It is noted that alternatively,rotor 26 could rotate in the opposition direction, exposing pockets first toopenings 72 and thenopenings 76.Pockets 52 are filled with blast media, in particular in this embodiment carbon dioxide pellets, fromhopper 6 throughopening 92 inupper seal pad 34. The action of the small radius (e.g, in the depicted embodiment, four inches or less) ofrotor 26 past openingedge 92 a tends to bite into any agglomerated chunks of pellets, breaking them apart, reducing blockage and promoting more complete fill. - In
FIG. 8A , leadingedge 52 b ofpocket 52 a is illustrated located about midway inopening 76. Once leadingedge 52 b has traveledpast edge 76 a of opening 76 a sufficient distance, pellets will begin to exitpocket 52 a. -
FIG. 8B illustrates leadingedge 52 b just reachingedge 76 b ofopening 76. At this position, the entire circumferential width of opening 76 is exposed topocket 52 a, it being noted that as a result of the roughly circular shape of the opening ofpocket 52 a, the cross-sectional area of the opening ofpocket 52 a exposed to opening 76 (as well as opening 72) varies with the angular position ofpocket 52 a. - At the position illustrated in
FIG. 8B , transport gas cannot flow frominlet 12 tooutlet 14 throughpocket 52 a, being blocked by sealing engagement betweenrotor 26 andedge 88 b ofwall 88 . Because in the embodiment depicted,openings pockets 52,inlet 12 is always in fluid communication withoutlet 14, but only throughpockets 52. - Alternatively, the level of
edge 88 b could be reduced, creating a gap such that a complete seal withrotor 26 is not formed bywall 88, providing a continuous flowpath frominlet 12 tooutlet 14 from the first passageway, defined bylower pad seal 58 which is in fluid communication withopening 72 to the second passageway, defined bylower pad seal 58 which is in fluid communication withopening 76, through the passageway defined byedge 88 b ofwall 88 and theperipheral surface 50 ofrotor 26, not through pockets 52. Such a continuous flow path would reduce pulsing as the size of the flow path cyclically varies with the rotation ofrotor 26. Of course, in such an embodiment, aspockets 52 are moved between the first and second positions, there is a substantial increase in the flowpath area, and a substantial volume of transport gas flows through the aligned pockets 52. -
FIG. 8C illustrates leadingedge 52 b ofpocket 52 a at a first position just reachingedge 72 a ofopening 72, whereatpocket 52 a first begins spanningopening FIG. 8D illustratesrotor 26 rotated slightly further, with leadingedge 52 b justpast edge 72 a. Once leadingedge 52 b passesedge 76 a, there is a continuous transport gas flowpath from opening 72 to opening 76 throughpocket 52 a. At the position shown inFIG. 8D , transport gas will flow fromupstream chamber 74, throughopening 72,pocket 52 a andopening 76 a, todownstream chamber 76, as indicated byarrow 94. - The transport gas pushes pellets from
pocket 52 aout opening 76, intodownstream chamber 78 where mixing of the pellets and transport gas occurs, and pellets exitfeeder 8 throughoutlet 14, entrained in the transport gas. -
FIG. 8E illustrates leadingedge 52 b when it first reachesedge 72 b.FIG. 8F shows leadingedge 52 b wellpast edge 72 b, with trailingedge 52c approaching edge 76 b at which the flowpath throughpocket 52 a will stop, the position at whichpocket 52 a is no longer part of the transport gas flowpath (until the next cycle). -
FIG. 8G shows trailingedge 52 c pastedge 76 b, atedge 72 a. As can be seen,pocket 52 a is no longer exposed todownstream chamber 78, but is exposed to pressurized transport gas.FIG. 8H illustrates trailingedge 52 c pastedge 72 b, with pressurized transport gas trapped therein. -
FIG. 8I illustratespocket 52 a rotated further, aligned withvent 96, which allows the pressurized transport gas that was trapped withinpocket 52 a to escape. - As previously mentioned, upper seal pad is held in engagement with
rotor 26 byfasteners 68 without significant force being exerted bysurface 66 onrotor 26. Ambient pressure is present withinhopper 6.Upper seal pad 34 functions not only in the filling ofpockets 52, but also to keep ambient moisture from entering the system throughfeeder 8. Adequate sealing is achieved betweensurface 66 andsurface 50 without any significant force urgingupper seal pad 34 towardrotor 26. - The seal between
rotor surface 50 and lowerseal pad surface 64 is very important. The pressurized transport gas must be contained, both for efficiency of the delivery of pellets to the blast nozzle and because leakage into the low pressure side ofrotor 26 and intohopper 6 will cause agglomeration and other deleterious effects. The present invention utilizes the pressure of the transport gas to provide substantially all the sealing force betweenrotor surface 50 andseal surface 64. - When pressurized transport gas is not present (in the depicted embodiment, when transport gas is not flowing through the transport gas flowpath), there is no substantial force between
rotor surface 50 andsurface 64. When rotation ofrotor 26 is started at the same or approximately the same time as transport gas is allowed to begin to flow (such as occurs in many particle blast systems when the blast trigger is depressed), there is no substantial force onrotor surface 50. This means thatmotor 10 does not have to be sized to start under load, which reduces the horsepower requirements, allowing a smaller, less expensive motor to be used.Rotor 26 will be very close to its steady state speed by the time the transport gas pressure results in substantial sealing force onrotor surface 50. - Referring to
FIG. 8I for clarity of explanation, as described above,lower seal pad 58 is disposed partially incavity 38, withseal 68 sealing betweenwall 38 a andlower seal pad 58.Surface 98 is spaced apart fromsurface 64, and together they definearcuate wall 100. Althoughwalls arcuate wall 100,arcuate wall 100 is a relatively thin wall which is sufficiently flexible to transmit a substantial portion of pressure exerted againstsurface 98 torotor surface 50 bysurface 64.Surface 98 a ofsurface 98 defines a portion ofupstream chamber 74. When transport gas is flowing through the transport gas flowpath, the pressure of the transport gas withinupstream chamber 74 bears onsurface 98 a, urging the overlying portion surface 64 a ofsurface 64 againstrotor surface 50. The flexibility ofarcuate wall 100 a allows arcuate wall to conform to the shape ofrotor surface 50, and transmit a substantial portion of the pressure to surface 64 a, urging surface 64 a into sealing contact withrotor surface 50. - Similarly, surface 98 b of
surface 98 defines a portion ofdownstream chamber 76. When transport gas is flowing through the transport gas flowpath, the pressure of the transport gas withindownstream chamber 76 bears onsurface 98 b, urging the overlying portion surface 64 b ofsurface 64 againstrotor surface 50. The flexibility ofarcuate wall 100 b allows arcuate wall to conform to the shape ofrotor surface 50, and transmit a substantial portion of the pressure to surface 64 b, urging surface 64 b into sealing contact withrotor surface 50. - In the illustrated embodiment, seal surface 64
contacts rotor surface 50 over an angle of about 180°. The depicted configuration allows the sealing force to be exerted throughout substantially the entire contact angle, and substantially normal torotor surface 50. Of course other seal arrangements, even those that are not activated by gas pressure, may also be used with the pockets being part of the transportation gas flowpath. - It is noted that as the pressure of the transport gas increases, the required sealing force between
rotor surface 50 andsurface 64 increases. In the depicted embodiment, the sealing force betweenrotor surface 50 andsurface 64 is proportional to the transport gas pressure. In turn, the load onrotor 26 andmotor 10 is proportional to the transport gas pressure. This reduces rotor and seal wear, and increases motor life. - Although in the depicted embodiment it is the gas pressure of the transport gas within the transport gas flowpath which urges
surface 64 againstrotor surface 50, the pressure which actuates the seal againstrotor surface 50 may come from any source. For example,inner surface 98 may be exposed to pressurized transport gas by a chamber or passageway connected to but not within the direct transport gas flowpath. The pressure of the gas within such a chamber or passageway may be controlled separate from the pressure of the transport gas. The chamber may be not connected to the transport gas flowpath, with a separate source of fluid pressure being used to urgesurface 64 into sealing engagement withrotor surface 50. - Configurations other than as depicted in the illustrated embodiment may be used to provide the sealing force. For example, a plurality of internal passageways may be formed
adjacent surface 64 which urgesurface 64 into sealing engagement withrotor surface 50 when pressure is present in such internal passageways. It is noted that the dynamic pneumatically actuated seal unloadsrotor 26 when not in operation, make rotor removal easier than designs that require seals be unloaded before rotor removal. - It is noted that only one circumferential row of
pockets 52 is visible in FIGS. 8A-I. In the depicted embodiment, there is an additional circumferential row ofpockets 52 which is axially aligned with the depicted row, and two other circumferential rows ofpockets 52 which aligned with each other but staggered with respect to the other two aligned circumferential rows. Thus, in the depicted embodiment, there are always at least twopockets 52 exposed to bothopenings upstream chamber 74 todownstream chamber 76. The arrangement ofpockets 52 in the depicted embodiment thus keepsinlet 12 in continuous fluid communication withoutlet 14. The depicted configuration, including the arrangement ofpockets 52, the flow through pocket, and downstream mixingchamber 78, functions to reduce pulsing of blast media. - The shape and depth of
pockets 52 may vary. Obviously, sufficient wall thickness must remain betweenpockets 52 to maintain structural integrity and sufficient sealing atsurface 50. Different pocket opening shapes may be used. It is noted that openings with leading edges that are parallel toedges surfaces 64, as well as 66, resulting in the pocket opening gouging those surfaces. In the depicted embodiment, the volume ofpockets 52 was as large as possible, given the physical constraints, so as to maximize the volume for receiving and transporting pellets. In the depicted embodiment, laminar flow does not occur throughpockets 5, promoting better removal of pellets as the transport gas flows therethrough. - The size and number of
pockets 52, as well as rotational speed ofrotor 26, determine how much blast media can be introduced into the transport gas flow and ultimately bow much blast media can be directed toward a target from the blast nozzle.Rotor 26 is substantially smaller in diameter than other radial transport rotors, being in the depicted embodiment about two inches in diameter. The smaller diameter results in less torque developed by the seal pressure. This, in addition to the lack of significant seal drag at start up, allows a smaller motor to be used. The small diameter rotor also has a lower moment of inertia, which also reduces the power required for rotation. In contrast, prior art motors were at least one horsepower. In the depicted embodiment, for the same pellet delivery rate,motor 10 is can be a half or quarter horsepower motor, perhaps even lower. This lower torque requirement allows, if desired, the use of a pneumatic motor. - The rotational speed of
rotor 26 in the depicted embodiment is 70 RPM, compared to 20 RPM of similar prior art large diameter rotors. For the depicted arrangement ofpockets 52, this speed results in the same rate of pocket exposure at the discharge station as the slower moving, larger diameter rotors of the prior art. If the large diameter prior art rotors rotated too fast, the pockets would not fill, similar to cavitation resulting from the characteristics of the pellets, meaning that rotating the rotor above a certain speed would not increase the pellet delivery rate. However, the small diameter rotor, one aspect of the present invention, is able to fill properly even when rotated at the higher rotational speed. - By keeping the rate of pocket exposure, based on diameter, rotational speed and pocket opening, at approximately the same as larger prior art rotors, the smaller diameter rotor is used as described herein. The volume of pocket exposure is also important. The smaller rotor dictates deeper pockets and more pockets to obtain the same volume. Filling the deeper pockets requires more time than shallow pockets of the same volume, thereby affecting rotational speed. For example, in one embodiment, a 14% deeper pocket depth was combined with a 14% drop in rotational speed of the small rotor of the equivalent small rotor rate of pocket exposure.
- Additional benefit is obtained by the increased speed, reducing the time that pellets spend in a given pocket, thereby reducing the time that the pellets can cool the rotor. In the configuration shown, with oppositely aligned charge and discharge stations, pellets are in a rotor pocket for approximately half of each rotation. The “dwell” time for pellets in a pocket are the same for the same rate of pocket exposure, regardless of rotor diameter. However, the small diameter rotor reduces the total variation in temperature by reducing cycle time.
- Different ranges of delivery rates may be achieved by providing a variety of rotors having different pocket arrangements, such as pockets of different sizes or a different number of pockets. The rotor rotational speed can then be varied to control the exact delivery rate within the range. However, the control system may provide only a single rotor speed. Rotors may be easily changed by removal of retaining
plate 54, as discussed above. - Referring to
FIG. 12 , there is shown a cross-sectional view taken along line 12-12 ofFIG. 7 , showing a section throughlower seal pad 58.FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 13-13 ofFIG. 7 , showing a section throughlower seal pad 58 at a location closer to bottom 38 b offeeder block 36.Passageways -
FIG. 14 is a top view offeeder 8, with plurality ofpockets 52 ofrotor 26 clearly visible throughopening 92.Inclined surfaces opening 92adjacent rotor 26. It is noted that the width (as taken parallel to section line 15-15) ofopening 92 is larger than similar prior art feeders, with the ratio of length to diameter ofrotor 26 being substantially larger than that of prior art feeders. -
FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 15-15 ofFIG. 14 . Section line 15-15 cuts throughdownstream chamber 78 so thatwall 88 is seen in full view andwall 90 is seen in section view. -
FIG. 16 is a side view offeeder 8, andFIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 17-17 ofFIG. 16 .FIGS. 15 and 17 are similar in that the section is taken through the center ofrotor 26. However, inFIG. 17 , the lower portion of the section is taken closer tooutlet 14, showingsurface 78 a ofdownstream chamber 78 andwall 90 in full view. - Any suitable shape for
pockets 52 may be used.FIGS. 18 and 19 provide further illustration ofpockets 52 of the rotor depicted herein. The mouth of the pockets, atsurface 50 ofrotor 26, have been enlarged relative to the rest of the pocket. Due to the cylindrical shape ofrotor 26, the wall thickness betweenadjacent pockets 52 is smaller closer to the rotor's center. In contrast, atsurface 50, the pocket centers are further apart, allowing the pocket openings to be larger. It is noted that in the depicted embodiment theoutside edges 52 d of either outer circumferential row ofpockets 52 are not the same shape as the pocket openings of the inner two circumferential rows. This matches existing hopper throat size, but it will be recognized that such an opening configuration is a limitation. - The present invention allows the utilization of a rotor having a diameter to width (sealing width) of below 1:1, such as in the depicted embodiment 1:2. Prior art rotors operating at pressures in the range of 30-300 PSIG, such as is typically found with cryogenic particle blasting, are known to fall around 8:1.25.
- The foregoing description of an embodiment of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Obvious modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to illustrate the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
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US11/464,504 US20070128988A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2006-08-15 | Feeder Assembly For Particle Blast System |
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US10/123,974 US7112120B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2002-04-17 | Feeder assembly for particle blast system |
US11/464,504 US20070128988A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2006-08-15 | Feeder Assembly For Particle Blast System |
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US10/123,974 Continuation US7112120B2 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-04-17 | Feeder assembly for particle blast system |
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US20070128988A1 true US20070128988A1 (en) | 2007-06-07 |
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US10/123,974 Expired - Lifetime US7112120B2 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-04-17 | Feeder assembly for particle blast system |
US11/464,504 Abandoned US20070128988A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2006-08-15 | Feeder Assembly For Particle Blast System |
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US10/123,974 Expired - Lifetime US7112120B2 (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2002-04-17 | Feeder assembly for particle blast system |
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US (2) | US7112120B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1494836B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4511197B2 (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2484912C (en) |
DE (1) | DE60324907D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1494836T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2318121T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04010241A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ562165A (en) |
TW (1) | TWI277487B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003089193A1 (en) |
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US9592586B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2017-03-14 | Cold Jet Llc | Apparatus and method for high flow particle blasting without particle storage |
CN104321164A (en) * | 2012-02-02 | 2015-01-28 | 冷喷有限责任公司 | Apparatus and method for high flow particle blasting without particle storage |
US10780551B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2020-09-22 | Omax Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring particle laden pneumatic abrasive flow in an abrasive fluid jet cutting system |
US10675733B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2020-06-09 | Omax Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring particle laden pneumatic abrasive flow in an abrasive fluid jet cutting system |
US20140110510A1 (en) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-24 | Cold Jet Llc | Apparatus Including at Least an Impeller or Diverter and for Dispensing Carbon Dioxide Particles and Method of Use |
US9492908B2 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-11-15 | Omax Corporation | Particle delivery apparatuses including control junctions for use in abrasive-jet systems and related apparatuses, systems, and methods |
US20140213150A1 (en) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | Omax Corporation | Particle delivery apparatuses including control junctions for use in abrasive-jet systems and related apparatuses, systems, and methods |
US10315862B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2019-06-11 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
US20190291975A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2019-09-26 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
AU2016229994B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2019-12-12 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
AU2016229994C1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2020-05-14 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
US20160257506A1 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2016-09-08 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
US10737890B2 (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2020-08-11 | Cold Jet, Llc | Particle feeder |
US11577366B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2023-02-14 | Omax Corporation | Recirculation of wet abrasive material in abrasive waterjet systems and related technology |
US11872670B2 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2024-01-16 | Omax Corporation | Recirculation of wet abrasive material in abrasive waterjet systems and related technology |
US11224987B1 (en) | 2018-03-09 | 2022-01-18 | Omax Corporation | Abrasive-collecting container of a waterjet system and related technology |
Also Published As
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AU2003222164A1 (en) | 2003-11-03 |
TWI277487B (en) | 2007-04-01 |
MXPA04010241A (en) | 2005-07-05 |
KR101007463B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
KR20050023247A (en) | 2005-03-09 |
JP4511197B2 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
AU2003222164B2 (en) | 2008-04-10 |
ES2318121T3 (en) | 2009-05-01 |
NZ562165A (en) | 2009-05-31 |
EP1494836A1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
DE60324907D1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
US7112120B2 (en) | 2006-09-26 |
JP2005523168A (en) | 2005-08-04 |
TW200404647A (en) | 2004-04-01 |
CA2484912A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
WO2003089193A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
DK1494836T3 (en) | 2009-03-09 |
AU2003222164C1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
CA2484912C (en) | 2011-03-29 |
ATE415242T1 (en) | 2008-12-15 |
EP1494836B1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
US20030199232A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 |
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