US1996649A - Coking apparatus - Google Patents

Description

April 2, 1935 Y* Y FQ PUENlNG Y y 1,996,649

'COKING APPARATUS VFiled Feb. 13, 1929 6 Sheets-,Sheet 1-y April l2', 19.35.

F. PUENING COKING APPARATUS Filed Feb. l5, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 I 5 i :lnk l-. I.. .1 m M V Q 1| Hmz beN BY f1 y' I ,417032Z EY.;

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' 45 lfor combustion in power plants.

l Patented Apr. 2, 1935 I n UNITED. "STATES- lli'lff.ENT"QFFICE` come ArrABA'rUs v l l Franz Puening, A Cama/Pa i e 'Application retmaryia, i929, serie x No.ss9,5a1

1`4'cieims. (ci."2ozi1os)f My invention relates' to coking apparatusand Thiscondition'exists'byA reasonloi the fact that particularly to such; apparatus as is' adapted to during the'coking yoperation"the" "ase produce low-temperature coke; i sumes a plasticcondition that is succeededbya My invention hesfor one of its objects to prorigid state but' while thematerial is in a fsemi` 5 vide apparatusior producing low-temperature uid state`,the outer layerthereoi isor'ced with 5 coke of relatively high specific gravity and :that is considerable pressure intocontact' with'thewalls suitable for domestic use.' t j j oftheretort and is niidelinto the irregularities A further object of my invention isj to provide of the surfacesof' th `a"1atter.-v When the coke apparatus for producingcoke. ofthe character adheresto andinterlocks with,` the irregularities described above that is adapted tormaintainthe I of the surfaces of the retorts, it willbev` readily 10 coal being carbcnized under certainv pressureA understood that it Oilers relatively great 4reand which is capable ci operation to freely re"- vsistance to its being vforcedjfrom the retort. move the coke from the carbonizingchambers. The foregoing dimculties increase when,' "ior Y A still further object oi' my'invention 'is to the purpose M making the resultantcoke heavier,

provide coking apparatusthat adapted to prpthe coali's preheated or when pulveriz'ed low-tem- 15 duce lowtemperature coke' that is "oi relatively peratur'e coke or low vo1ati1e `coke is mixed with large size vand of high specific gravity and in (the coal to b ecatbonizedi The dischargingbewhich the walls are adapted vfor relative movecomes'still more diilicult whenjthejcoal mixture ment .whereby the coke maybe easily discharged is tamped' or otherwise 'compressed 1111791171193 fet' from thecoking spaces therebetween The ideal coke yfor domesticuse shouldbe as chargeof the heavy low-temperature'coke'irom heavyas possible and'have,a-speciilcgravitythat retortsfhaving "stationary walls be `comes `almost 'approaches that oi' 'anthracite"coal.` It should ii' npo ssil` le'. 4 Thisdimculty visfinit' materially dihave a Y'content of gases of between 8 to 14% in' minished bytaperingfthe retort and, inaddition, f order that it may be easily ignited and combus- 'the increased width retards the coking at the 25 tion maintained and" it should also be free from widery or discharge end'or si'defoi' thje retort ter ena be smokeless. j j y It has been nroposedheretoforetoincrease the!u Such coke, when intended for use yin :central space betweenthewalls of carbonizing'apliiiratusv heating' D1antS,`Sh011-`ld be in bodies 'Of approxiprior to the removal of thecole'but suchfafppa-z f mately two inchesin diameter. "In case',y howratus has been suitable only*fof relativelyfthin 30 ever,"such coke isintendedjfor open fireplaces, coke such `as is suitable only for use' in power the bodies'of'coke shouldnbemfrom twojto six plants, `Such walls havein general been solid inches in diameter. Coke of this character'can walls that cperateinjthe manner or regenerators be produced economically only by *continuous in thatheat is Stored therein'before the coal uniform'supply 0f heat atlowar .mediumtemcomes ineontactw-ith them andthe coal isgcoked 35 peratures over a period rangingrv from two to Six by the stored heat. The amount or hatjrequired hours. j yto be stored in such bodies for the production oi' This operation can be accomplishedpractically coke that is contemplated bythe apparatusof only by a continuous Supply of4 hotg'ases to the the present invention is sog-- great that auch;VA 40 heating wall with which the coal is in contact. bodies wculdnecesgarily b'f enormqug'weight 40 The Process 0f manufacturing COke Of thiS Char-y andvtheir cost wculd be economically "prohibiacter differs materially from that in whichccke tive, g j 'l' f* 1 1 is rapidlymanui'actured in thin' layers' o f V4 or' In accordance lwith the present invention, I 1/2 inch inv thickness and which `coke isV intended provide' apparatus that is adaptedto producecoke j of suchsize and such quality as isjsuitable tor 45 o The principal diiculty in the prodlltionof domestic use. The cokin'g chambers are prohard, dense lowtemperature coke hasbeen in 'vided' betweenhollow walls 'thatare spaced apart 'l the discharge of the cokefrom-the retorts in in accordance withthe desired thickness'og'the which it has been produced.l In accordance with rsultant coke, Thesefwlis are suspended "in approved practicathetemperaturebf th metal suon manner that theyimey be moved reletiyeiy 50 etorts for producing Sllh 10W-temperature coke vto each other Yto increase thespaces therebetween jshould not exceedv approximately '11'00*` to whereb'ythefcfke ybereadiIy removedby 1300" F. At such temperatures, cokeLshrinks mechanical means.

very'little and it is diiilcultl` to discharge itirom "The ils'fwhich arehollow,` are adapted to be f l the retorts. Y J ysupplied continuously"with hot'gases at 'any'de l `torts before coking begins.y In such case, dis 20 .s sired temperature whereby the coking operation proceeds uniformly and at maximum speed. 'I'he walls areso connected to the source of hot gases that the latter are entirely separated from the products of distillation and in such manner, also, that the continuity of flow is not interfered with by the swinging movement of the walls.

The details of my invention will be described in connection with the accompanying "drawings, in

which Figure 1 is a plan view of apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention;`

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional line II-II of Fig.' 3; f

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on' the center wall is provided with a similar mechanism une m-m or Fig. 2;

Fig. 3a is an enlarged sectional view of oneof the molten metal seals. v Y

Fig. 4 is a horizontal4 sectional view takenon the nnerv-Ivof Fig. 2 mustratmg the heating walls in the extended positions;

5 issn enlargdpln' view of one of the wkepushrszff Y, v 6 is a vertical tional view takenjatJright anglesto Fig. 2, broken away;

'I is Va. Zhorizontal sectional view illustrating modifledforms of adjacent heating walls, parts beingwbroken away;

Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are similar views of further modified formsof construction of heating .,walls;

Fig. 12 'is a similar view of a further modificationin which certainof the lwalls are provided with louvers for the escap'eof distillate gases; Fig. 13 isa similar. view of a modification of the structure of Fig. 12; and

jFigs.,14 and15 are enlarged vertical sectional views illustrating the vdetails of the louvers for `the`walls of Flgs.fl2 and 13.

Referring to thek drawings, coking apparatus constructed inv accordance with v my invention comprises a housing yI of suitable refractory material that is ofsubstantially `rectangular shape andf within which are.. supported for swinging horizontal movement aseries of hollow walls 2. As best lshown in Figs.` 2 v and 4, each wall 2 is 'supported b y a horizontal beam 3 that is pivotally connected atone end by. a pin 4toa' beam! extending transversely to the'beam I and thatis -supplorted by suitable framework of the housing i t The other end ofthe beam 2 or the right-hand end, as viewed in the drawings, is provided with av relatively wide wheel 0 that is adapted to be supported bya rail 1. The rail `Itis supported by a beam 8 that is connectedat itsends to the framework of the housing I. While the weight of each'wall 2 is supported at its top by the beam 3 for movementabout the pin4, thelower part of each wall is anchored by means of a braclget 8 that is pivotally connected to a beam lll. ,The pivotal connectionk of each end of the several walls insures that theyswing `about a vertical axis and that the sides of adjacent walls maintain the same spacing from'topto bottom.

Each of the hollow walls 2 is provided at the top andbottom of its edge adjacentthe pivotal supports with twojelbow's l I2 that curve downvvardlyvandv each is connected by means of a molten lmetal seal I3 i to4 an upwardly-extending pipe I4. 'I'he lowerpipe I4 visconnectedlat its lower end 4to an inlet duct I 5 for heated gases-and the ,upper pipe I4 is similarly connected` to an outlet duct Ifor the heating Agases-ailterthey have passed through thewall, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 2. 'I'he axes of the junctions view, taire/non the of the elbows I2 and --pipes I4 are coincident with those of the pivotal supports for the respective walls.

Normally the heating walls 2 occupy positions corresponding to those -illustrated in Fig. 3, but, by reason of their pivotal connections, they'may be moved in opposite directions from a center wall to the positions indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3. The means by which this movement is `accomplished comprises' ahydraulic piston Il that is controlled by a 4,-way valve I9 and that is connected by a lever 2| to a vertical rod 22, the

latter being connected tothe corresponding heating wallV 2 by means of upper and lower levers 22 and links.24. 4Each of the walls except the Asbest shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the spaces beand toward the center .tween thevvwalls 2,"when the latter are in their normal or'coking positions, are closed at the bot.- tom by a series-oi.' pivotally-mounted doors v2I, each of whith is connected by a lever arm 28 to a slotted bar 29. It will be noted that the slots t to which the levers 28'are connectedare progressively longer outwardly from the center in order to freely permit swinging movementsof the walls. The position of the bar 2.9, which is sumciently heavy that it operates as a counterweight for the severaldoors 21, is controlled by vertical rods 20 which extend through stuiilng boxes 2| in the roof 32' of the housing. The rods 30 are provided at their. upper ends with racks 3l which mesh with segmental gear wheels 34 on a shaft 25 that is rocked by means of a lever 26. 'f

Immediately above 'each of the spaces between the walls 2 is located ka coal hopper "extending 'through' the roof 32and having a gate 28. All of the gates 30 for thel severalhoppers 31 are controlled by a single lever 39. that is connected to I the gates by a horizontal bar 40 and link and lever mechanisms 4I. "The hoppers 31 are each arranged to contain sumcient coal to charge the. respective cokingv spaces beneath them, thel tops' of the walls 2 being inclined, as shown in Fig. 8, in order to facilitate the flow of coal intothe coking spaces.

Immediately above the' spaces between lthe' ried by vertical rods 43 which extend through' stuffing boxes 43a in the roof 32. The vertical rods 43 are secured to a steel frame 44 thevertical position of which is controlled by a mechanism comprising an electric motor. mounted gearconnection at each end thereof to a transverse shaft 41 having gears 48 that coact with stationary verticalracks 49 whereby the frame 44 l,thereon and having a y chain-and-sprocket connection to a shaft 48. the latter having a bevel andthe rods 43 with the corresponding pushers f maybe raised or lowered, as desired. Y

Reference vmay now be had to Fig. 5, in`which one of the pushers l2 is illustratedin enlarged detail. The pusher 42 comprises two side bars 5I that are connected by a series of spacing members .'52V that are progressively 'longer wherebythe side bars 5I are at an angle to each other whiclicorresponds tothe angles between the walls 2 when the latter are in their extended positions. This arrangement insures that the pushers v42 will engage the sides .of the adjacent walls simultaneously in order to remove any coke that may adhere thereto.

Each of the heating walls 2 shown in Figs. l to 6 comprises two side walls V54 havingplane surfaces and that are spaced apart by flanged baille members 55 ofA diiferent lengths, as best shown in Fig. 2 inorder to properly regulate the flow of heating gases therethrough. `The members 55. also reinforce the sidewalls Slin. order to resist the pressure of the coal when the y width of the coking chamberswhen the walls are .in their normal positions. i

The details of one of the molten metal seals I3 are illustrated in Fig. 3a. The upwardly-extending pipe I4 is provided with an annular flange 58 that is provided with a supply of molten metal, such, for example, as lead, indicatedats, and into which extends the. lower end of the elbow I2. The temperature of the heating gases is. sumciently high tomaintain the seal in ,fluid Icondition While the apparatus is in Operation. In order to protect the upper surface of the molten metal from oxidation, orv other action, it may be covered with a layer of clay, sand, or other'suitable qmaterial, indicated at 60.

The operation of the apparatus of my' invention will now be described:

It may be assumed thatthe walls 2 arein their normal positions in which they are illustrated in Fig. l, and that hot` gases `from any suitable source,' such as a furnace, are being supplied through the ducts i5 and their connected partsA for circulation through the corresponding heating wall 2, as indicated by the arrowsin Fig. 2. It maybe assumed further-,that lthe hoppers l31 are filled with coal. "In order to fill thespaces between the several heating walls 2, the lever 39 is actuated from its full-line position, as shown in Fig. 6, to the left, to its dotted-line position to release the several gates 38 and to permit coall to flow into the coking spaces.

The heating of the walls 2 continues for a period thatvaries with the thickness of the coke that is being produced, which may, kfor example, require a period of approximately six hours to' produce coke that is about six inches in thickness. The temperature of. the gases employed may be. for example, about 1350 F. upon entering the heating walls and about i250o F..upon leaving the walls. `The comparatively small drop in temperature insures greater uniformity of temperature throughout the coking mass.

However, if greater uniformity is'desired,` it may be obtained by the reciprocation of hot gases therethrough by means of apparatus constituting the subject-matter of certain of my prior inventions. v

GasesV of distillation escape through a pipe 6I in a side wallA ofv the housing and may be'conducted. tofany' suitable by-,product apparatus.

Tar `drains Ila are provided for collecting tar condensing on'the inner walls ofthe housing I.

At the end of the coking period, 'the bar 29 Vis raised by means of the rods Siljand the operattheir points of'pivotal support to their extended positions by meansof the hydraulic pistons'. I8 andthe connected mechanisms for actuating the v levers 2l.

, A certain amount of the coke will fall from the spaces upon the spreading of the walls 2 but any coke remainingv willy be removed .therefrom by mechanical means when the pushers 42 are lowered by'means oL the motor 4S. 'The pusherslZ are retracted after the'coke has been lremoved and the walls 2 are returned to their normal positions. "I'he operation that has just beendescribed is then repeated for successive or intermittent production of coke. The coke that has been removed from the ovens falls into a hopper 62 from ywhichfitis removed by a screw conveyor 62a `to any suitable storage space.` r i Reference may now behad to Fig. 1, in whi two forms of co-operating heating. walls'- are shown in enlarged detail. The at side Vwalls 6l of the center heating wall 62 are spaced apart byflange bars 65 for the' purpose of increasing the mechanical strength of the walls and. also, for the purpose of insuring the distribution ,of the hot gases throughout the width of the` heating wall, as in the walls 2 hereinbefore Each of the ladjacent walls'" is provided with side walls 81 having curved projections 68 whereby,fwhen the walls are in their closed position, a series of vertical spaces or pockets $9 is formed within kwhich the coal is coked. The seriesv of walls maythus be arranged with alternate walls respectively similar to the walls 83 and 61.

Asshownin Fig. B, .the adlacent side walls 61 of two adjacent heating walls 'may each be vprovided `with projections 68 similar to those of the walls B1 of Figj. -'7 whereby the pockets or spaces 1I thus formed ,are correspondingly increased in size. The spacing members 12 of the heatingwalls in 8 maylbeconnected in the manner shown, as- 'indicated by the relatively.

small sections or stripsA 13, which may be welded to the spacing member 12jand to theside wall 61. f

ing lever 3B. The'walls 2 are then swung about In the constructions shown in-Flgs. 9 andnli),

the respective l heating walls 15 vare curved. In the arrangement s hown in Fig. 9,'.the one or the other of the adJacent'walls I 51isprovided with a horizontally-extending'- flange 51 for closingl each outer edge of the vcolring space between the walls when the walls occupy their coking positions. An alternative means for closing the space at its edges is shown in Fig. 10, in which the' space is reduced by tapering the side walls in such manner that they adjacent edges engage each other to form a closure.

In the arrangement vshown in Fig. 11, the heating walls 1l are formed either by employing curvedfianged sections 11 of the side walls thereof that are connected by the spacing members or continuous side walls 18 may be connected as shown in the lower portion of Fig. 411

` the coal is being coked, but whichoperate'to retain the coal yin position. y i y i One of each pair of adjacent side walls is provided with a vertical strip` 82 extending almost l across the coking space at each end thereof to form a pocketbetween the stripandthe louvers into which pocket coke dus't'may be placed. Gasv may escape .through the layer of coke dust and the louvers. i A

The arrangement shown in Fig'. 13 is similar tothat of Fig. 12 except that the space is narrowed at the ends of the walls .83 in order that the width of the coal being coke!! may be reduced since its speed of coking may be relatively slow because no heat is applied to the edge thereof.

' produce low-temperature coke of desired sine f Details of the edges of the walls 80 and 83 provided with projections to constitute the louvers of Figs. 12 and 13 are shown respectively in Figs. 14 and 15.

The apparatus of my invention operates to within certain limits in a simple and ellicient manner. The coke will have 'a relatively high specific gravity and is easily ignited and will continue to burn without the diiiiculty that is so'metirnes present in the Acombustion of highteinperature coke.

The apparatus is arranged for convenient inspection and repair in that the structure, including the top `32 of the housing, is removable. The gas spaces through thehollow 'heating walls are preferablyof such size as to permit the entrance of a person into the inlet and outlet openings, or through a trap door that maybe constructed lin the bottom or other suitable portion of the wall.' Y

The apparatus is operated at substantially uniform temperatures throughout the entire operation` since it is` only necessary to regulate the temperature and volume of' the heating". gases. The amount of labor required in the operation of the apparatusis very small since it is only necy essary to charge the coking spaces with coal anddischarge coke therefrom at comparatively infrequent interva1s. During such periods," the hoppers may be reilled with coal, the coke removed and any minor repairs may be completed. The mounting` of the hanging walls for pivotal movement insures that they maybe easily actuated into and out of their normal position. The walls are easilyv lifted voutof the surrounding housing in case repair orv replacement should become necessary, the replacement oi' a wall being performed while the metal seal is still in the uid condition. i y

The suspension of the walls at their top portions insures that4 they will retain their vertical alinement since the temperatures/employed are sufficient to havean annealing eiect on the metal of which they are constructed.

While I have shown and described a preferred embodimentfof my invention, it is understood that it is not to be limited thereto except as expressed in the claims.

I claim as my invention: v I

1. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a plurality of Vmembers spaced to receive material therebetween to be carbonized, each of saidmembers extending vertically and being hingedly supported at one vertical edge thereof for horizontal movement about a vertical axis, means for actuating said members about their hinged supports for relative movement with respect to each other, and means for limiting their relative movements.

2.' Carbonizing apparatus comprising a series of members in' side-by-side relation and extending verticallyfnd each having hinged supports for horizontal movement about vertical axes relatively to each other, said members being spaced apart to receive material to be carbonized therebetween, means for actuating said members toyward and away from a central portion of saidl series, means for applying heat to said members, and means for supplying material to said members to be carbonized.

3.],Carbonizing apparatus comprising a series of members mounted side-by-side in vertical planes forl swinging movements about substantially vertical axs, said members being spaced apart to receive material to be carbonized therebetween, means for extending the spaces between said members by swinging'said members about said axes, and means for removing carbonized material from said spaces when said members arein their extended positions.

4.'C arbonizing apparatus comprising a pair of spaced heatingwalls providing a coking chamber therebetween and formed with passages for heating gases, said heating walls being relatively movable about vertical axes, and means for actuating said walls. i

5. Carbonizingy apparatus comprising a pair of heating walls spaced to provide a coking chamber therebetween and provided with heating passages and relatively movable about vertical axes to vary the width'of the coking chamber.

6. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a pair of spaced heating walls in side-by-side relation having passages therein for 'heating gases, said heating walls being pivotally supported on vertical axes and movable relative to each other to vary the space therebetween.

'7'. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a pair of adjacent spaced walls pivotedabout vertical axes, each of which vis provided with passages for heating gases, means for supplying said passages with heating gases, and means i'or moving said walls about their pivots. 8. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a hollow heating wall, means for pivotally supporting the wall at one of its vertical edges for movement about a vertical axis, a second hollow heating wall for co-operating therewith to provide a coking chamber therebetween, and meansv for supplying the interior of the hollow walls with heating gases and for withdrawing the same.`

9. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a housing, aplurality of rvertical hollow walls in said housing that are spaced to provide coking chambers therebetween, meansfor pivotally supporting said walls, about vertical axes, means for transmitting heating gases to the interiors of said Walls and means for simultaneously moving certain of said walls to different degrees about their pivotal supports to vary` their relative positions and ythus vary the widths of said coking chambers.

10. Carbonizing apparatus comprising a housing, a plurality of vertical hollow walls in said housing that are spaced to provide coking chambers therebetween, means for pivotally supporting said walls about vertical axes, means at least partially coinciding with said axes for transmitting heating gases to and from the interiors of said walls and means for simultaneously moving certain of said walls through dierent angles about their respective pivotal supports for ycorrespondingly varying the widths of said coking chambers.

1l. Low temperature coking apparatus for intermittent operation comprising, an enclosing chamber, a series of alternate vertical coking chambers and metal vertical pendant ilued heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row in said enclosing chamber; a hot gas flue common to all of said heating walls and adapted for supplying previously prepared hot heating gases to the flues of said Walls, a second ue common thereto for conveying the used heatinggases therefrom, conduits separately connecting the ues of the heating walls with said hot gas flue and said second ilue, the flues of the heating walls and said conduits being hermetically sealed from the coking chambers and said enclosing chamber, and each of said heating walls being mounted for swinging movement for being spread apart Within said enclosing chamber for downward discharge of finished coke from the coking chamber while in said enclosing chamber.

12. Low temperature coking apparatus for intermittent operation comprising, an enclosing chamber, a series of alternate vertical coking chambers and metal vertical pendant heating walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row in said enclosing chamber, each of said heating walls having internally heat-insulated metal gas flow ues, a hot gas flue common to all of said heating walls and adapted for supplying previously prepared hot heating gases to the flues of said walls, a secondflue common thereto for conveying the used heating gases therefrom, conduits separately Aconnecting the fiues of the heating Walls with said hot gas flue and said second flue, the flues of the heating walls and said conduits being hermetically sealed from the coking chambers and said enclosing chamber, and each of said heating walls being mounted for swinging movement for being spread apart within said enclosing chamber for downward discharge of finished coke from the'coking chambers while in said enclosing chamber.

13. Low temperature coking apparatus for intermittent operation comprising, an enclosing chamber, a series of alternate vertical coking chambers and metal vertical pendant ued heating'walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row in said enclosing chamber, a hot gas ue common to all of said heating walls and adapted for supplyring previously prepared hot heating gases to the ues of said walls, a second ue common thereto for conveying the used heating gases therefrom, conduits separately connecting the ues of the heating walls with said hot gas flue and said second nue, the communication of conduits for said hot gas ue and the conduits for said second flue with the fluesof the heating walls being one at the top and the other at the bottom and both on the same side of the respective heating walls, internal vertical baffles for controlling the ow through the ues of the heating walls with the batlles nearer the conduits being shorter and the baiiles progressively farther away from the conduits being longer, the flues of the heating walls and said conduits being hermetically sealed from the coking chambers and said enclosing chamber, and each of said heating walls being mounted for swinging movement for being spread apart within said enclosing chamber for downward discharge of nishedcoke from the coking chambers while in said enclosing chamber.

14. Low temperature coking apparatus for intermittent operation comprising, in combination: an enclosing chamber, a series of alternate vertical coking chambers and vertical pendant flued heating Walls therefor arranged side-by-side in a row in said enclosing chamber; a hot gas flue common to all of said heating walls and adapted for supplying previously prepared hot heating gases to the ues of said walls; a second flue common thereto for conveying the used heating gases therefrom; conduits separately connecting the flues of the heating walls with said hot gas ue and said second ilue; the ues of the heating walls and said conduits being hermetically sealed from the coking chambers and said enclosing chamber, and each of said heating Walls being pivoted for swinging movement about a vertical axis for being spread apart within said enclosing chamber for downward discharge of nished coke from the coking chamber while in said enclosing chamber.

FRANZ PUENING.

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