US1936055A - Composite shingle - Google Patents

Description

NOV. 21, D HEANEY 1,936,055

COMPOSITE SHINGLE Filed Aug. 8, 1929 HNVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 21, 1933 1,936,055 COMPOSITE SHINGLE Donald Heaney, East Lynn,

Mass., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to The Patent and Licensing Corporation,

Boston, Mass, a corporation of Massachusetts Application August 8, 1929. .Serial No. 384,283

3 Claims.

This invention relates to roofing shingles and is more particularly directed to improvements in the construction of rigid shingles such as those made from asbestos cement compositions.

Asis well known, rigid shingles of the type made from cement and asbestos are subject to injury as by cracking or splitting during handling and application thereof upon a roof owing to the fragile nature of the material.

One object of my invention is to provide shingles of this type with a reenforcement which will render them less liable to splitting or cracking under the conditions named.

It is also well known that while, these shin gles are fireproof they do not provide any sub.- stantial degree of waterproofing qualities to a roof, and the liability of leakage through a roof laid up with shingles of this type is further increased when cracks are developed therein during the course of laying of the shingles or under the stresses set up after the shingles are in place.

Another object of my invention therefore is to provide shingles of this type with a reenforcement as above indicated which will serve also to render the shingles waterproof.

It is likewise well known that in order to secure rigid shingles of the type indicated to a roof it is necessary to drill or punch holes thereto at the desired nailing points. This operation is time consuming and costly and entails a further possibility of cracking or splitting of the shingles. With this in mind, my invention has as another of its objects, the provision of a composite shingle in which the rigid member will be reenforced by waterproofing material, as above stated, and which composite shingle can be secured to the roof by nails driven through portions of the reenforcing member without the necessity of drilling or punching the nail holes through the rigid member of the composite shingle.

My present invenn'on is particularly designed to accomplish the objects above stated in conjunction with rigid shingles of the type set forth which are of generally rectangular configuration and laid according to what is known as the French method, that is with one diagonal running vertically of the roof and the other diagonal of the shingle rurming horizontally of the roof.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will more clearly appear from the following detailed description and from the accompanying drawing in which Figure 1 is a fragmentary view showing several shingles constructed in accordance with my invention, as they appear when laid on the roof.

Figure 2 is a similar View illustrating a modified arrangement.

Figure fied form of the compos in accordance with my invention.

3 is a View in plan of still another modiite shingle constructed Figure 4 is a cross-section taken along the line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure .5 is a cross-section 5-5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6 is a detail in perspective taken along line 6 of a fastener that may be employed with the composite shingles of my invention. Figure '7 is a cross- '77 of Figure 2.

Referring first to-Figure 1 of the section taken along line drawing, the

numeral 10 designates one of the composite shingles as a whole.

This composite shingle in accor dance with my invention consists of an upper rigid member or shingle 11 which is intended to form the exposed portion of the composite shingle,

and an adshingle which is subject to substantially the same di of fragile nature and otherwise fiiculties that are met with in the asbestos cement shingles.

As already stated, the rigid member of the composite shingle is of generally rectangular configuration having lower side edges 13 and 14 and upper side edges-15 and, 16. The

opposite side corners are truncated tical aligning edges 1'7 and 18 which in substantial abutment when the arranged in proper position on the underface of the rigid member 11 there is diagonally to form verare generally shingles are roof. To the affixed a sheet of flexible waterproof material consisting preferably of roofing felt saturated with asphalt or other waterproofing material. If desired this saturated felt may'also be provided of asphaltic or similar coating material on its opposite surfaces. The reenforcing be secured to the rigid member 11 with a layer sheet 12 may in any convenient way as by means of waterproof adhesive material which will provide the necessary bond between the rigid member enforcing sheet. For this purpose I may F. melting point. If deasphalt of 100 to 200 sired, this sealing may be derived from sive nature of the coating material face of the reenforcing member 12.

The reenforcing member 12 tak and the reemploy the adheon the upper es somewhat no the same configuration as the rigid body member 11, but is of somewhat greater areas than the latter. At its lower side edges, the member 12 is coterminous with the lower side edges 13 and 14 of the rigid member'll. The reenforcing sheet is of suihciently greater area than the rigid member 11 to provide extensions or prolongations 20, 21 beyond the upper side edges 15, 16 of the rigid member 11, these extensions merging into vertical side edges 22, 23 respectively, and the latter terminating in the planes of edges 1? and 18 of the rigid member 11. The depth of extension or prolongations 20, 21 of the reenforcing sheet 12 will depend upon the desired amount of overlap betweenithe shingles of the succeeding courses.

By the aforedescribed construction of my composite shingle the backing or reenforcing sheet 12 serves as a cushioning and reenforcement for the rigid member 11 to protect the latter against splitting or cracking during handling or application to the roof. In the event that the rigid member does develop cracks under conditions of use, penetration of water to the roof boards will be prevented by the waterproof backing sheet sealed to the rigid member. Furthermore, should the rigid member crack through its entire depth, the broken piece will stay in place since it is sealed to the reenforcing sheet 12. This feature also distinguishes my composite shingle from the rigid shingles as ordinarily produced since cracks that develop in the latter through the entire depth thereof frequently result in the broken portions of the shingle being blown away by the wind, thus necessitating replacement of the broken shingle.

Replacement of rigid shingles is in itself a troublesome and costly operation and the necessity therefore is entirely avoided by the composite shingle of my invention, for even though hair cracks develop in the rigid member thereof, the

reenforcing sheet 12 provides ample waterproof protection, while the fireprooiing qualities of the shingle are not materially reduced since the separate portions of the nigid member remain sealed to the reenforcing sheet 12.

The shingles will be assembled on the roof in the well-known manner in successive overlapping. courses and secured to the roof in any convenient way by nails driven through the extensions 20 and 21 of the flexible backing member 12 instead 'of through the rigid member. I prefer to use a fastening device for holding down the lower weather corner of the shingle and to secure this fastener by nails driven therethrough and through the portions 20, 21 -of the flexible backing, thus simultaneously securing the shingles to the roof boards. This fastener may be formed as shown in Figure 6 and comprises a flat metal tongue 30 having at one of its ends an enlargement 31 provided with nail receiving holes 32. At the opposite end of the tongue 30, there is formed an upwardly projecting prong, or lug 33. The fastener is secured in place with. the enlarged portion 31 thereof arranged symmetrically with respect to the abutting edges of a pair'of adjoining shingles and is held in place by nails 36 driven through the nail holes 3-2 and through the adjacent extensions 20, 21 of the adjoining shingles as shown. The

As will be noted, when the shingles are assembled in courses on the roof, rain or water that may be driven below the lower side edges of the exposed portion thereof, will enter the channel provided between the upper side edges of the rigid member 11- and flow downwardly along the extensions 20, 21 of the waterproof back member, and over the upper surface of the subjacent shingle. This draining effect will accordingly serve further to prevent water or rain from reaching the roof supporting structure.

In Figure 2, I have shown a modified construction, in which like parts are designated by similar reference characters. In this form the rigid member 11 is chamfered or cut away from the underface, at opposite side corners thereof, to provide pockets 40, 41 for the reception of the tongue 30 of the fastening member, whereby to aid further in holding the shingles fiatwise against the subjacent surface. In Figure 3, the opposite side corners of the rigid members are similarly chamfered from the upper side thereof to provide depressions 42; 43, for the reception of the tongues 30 of the fastening members.

I claim as my invention:

1. A composite shingle comprising an upper chamfered side corners and adapted tobe laid,

withone of its diagonals vertically of the roof, and a reenforcing backing secured to the under face of the rigid member and extending upwardly beyond the upper converging side edges thereof.

3. A roof covering comprising composite shingles laid in successive'courses, said shingles being of a general rectangular configuration and laid with one diagonal vertically of the roof, and comprising an upper exposed rigid member of fragile material being chamfered at its opposite side corners, and a reenforcing backing secured to the underface of the rigid member and projecting upwardly beyond the unexposed edges thereof, and a fastening element secured to the upwardly projecting portions of the backing of a pair of contiguous shingles, said fastening element provided with means that lie in the chamfered side corners and with means for holding down the weather corner of the overlying shingle.

DONALD HEANEY.

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