US1913968A - Fuel gas - Google Patents

Description

F. WINKLER FUEL GAS Filed Jan. 8, 1929 June 13', 1933.

Patented June 13, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FRITZ WINKLER, F LUDWIGSHAFEN-ON-THERHINE, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO I. G.

FARBENINDUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 0F FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, GER- MANY, A CORPORATION 0F GERMANY rum, Gas

Application mea Jauary s. 192e, serial No.

This invention relates to improvements in and apparatus 'for the manufacture of fuel' as. v g The present invention is animprovement in or modification of the invention descrlbed and claimed in the U. S. Patents Nos. 1,087; 118 and 1,776,876, whichrelateto a process for producing combustible` gases 1n a layer of fine-grained fuel, the gasifying medium being blown into the producer from. below in such a manner that the fine-grained 1gnited material continuously eddies up and down and presents the appearance of a boiling liquid. According to. the' modlfication` described and claimed in the U, 'S'. Patent N o. 1,840,649, the gasifying medium is also blown 'in from above, and,y in additionA air,

preferably in a highly heatedconditiom 'may' be` introduced into the hot-blast gas, laden with fuel, after issuing lfrom thev layer of fuel, the amount of such air being sufficient -to effect the further gasication, p a small residue,'of the fuel carried away by the hot-blast gas. 1 j 95 I have now found that a `gas of very vhigh heating capacity can be obtained from granular'fuels, usually of about nutsizefwhich' o may also contain dust, by 'employinga gas producer of the kind specified, and adapted, for the secondary gasification of coal ldust evolved from the first gasification chamber, the Asaid, producer being'provided with an enlarged secondary gasification chamber where a furthersupply of agasifying agent may be added. Special .advantage has been, found to, ensue from the employment ofl a gas producer consisting of a vertica'lshaft, provided with means for introducing thel blastof the gasifying agent, for example, air, water vapor, oxygen or afgas rich .in OXygQna at such a rate that fine-grained -fuel is kept in motion in suchpa manner that it presents of a boilingliquid and, at

the appearance is` incompletely'f gasified, 'the the Sametime, said shaft being y imposed enlarged secondary gasification chamber into which the gas obtained togeth-` er with the dust particlescontained therein passes, which chamber vis f, preferably 'pro-,'-

except for from below andwabov'erthe fuelQbed-,fy

also provided with a super-- 331,005,vand in Germany February 9, 1928.

.about 1000"' to 1100 C. when an incandescentdome of refractory material is employed, isvto subject the mixture of fuel and gasifying agent to prolonged exposure to hightemperatures, for the complete or extensive gasification of the fuel. In this manner a gas, 35.5 cubic feet of which under normal conditions has a heating value `of 124 B. t. u. can, for example, be pro- 'ducedk from brown coal dust with about 10 percent of moisture. The gasification medium introduced in the second stage mayy also be1 preheated, and when desired, ,complete gasification, however, is

vobtained inthe secondary gasification chamber when the fuel to be gasified is admitted -solely at' the point of admission of the first blast., In thevevent of the temperature in the -secondary gasification chamber'becoming unduly high, ysteam or carbon dioxide is blown in through the second blast inlet and in this way a' gas riclrer in hydrogen is yobtained. The gasifying medium required for.

the secondary gasification may be admitted atfvarous points.

I will now describe an embodiment of a gas producer according to this invention more '"fully with reference to the accompanying drawing, but the invention 1s not re' stricted to this particular arrangement.

In the accompanying drawing, which shows the gas producer in vertical section, A

is the enlarged secondary gasification chamber4 from Whichthe hot generated gases pass through a pipe B to adust separator C froml which the dust may be returned to-the gasificationchambertby means of a conduit K.

The final.gasesare removed by pipe R. The supply pipes for the secondary'gasiica-tion .mediumpfor example air, are indicated at Df bottom blast, preferablyair, is'

'blownin'at E intothe air chamber with suflicient force'to keep the fuel moving up and down in the manner of uid. Friable, very dusty brown-coal, Wit about 15J per cent of moisture, is fed by means of a worm G from the bunker H into the first gasification chamber S. The glowing and movin charge L of coal rests in part on a travel ing grate F which is moved by rollers 0 and P. In the first gasification chamber S incomplete gasification takes place. v The continuous movement of the granular brown-coal causes the latter to crumble down still more, with the formation of dust, which latter is partly carried away by the gases and is completely or extensivel gasified, in the chamber A, by the gasication medium introduced at D. Slags and ashes are collected in vessel Q, and ma be removed by valves M, M and M. If for example, a producer' having a sectional, area of 25 square meters in the first gasification chamber S and about 50 square meters in the secondary gasification chamber the height being about 15 meters from 'the grate to the crowntof the incandescent dome, be operated with about 20,000 cubic meters of a bottom blast, introduced at E, and about 50,000 cubic meters of a top blast, introduced at D, per hour, a gas will be ob- 'tained which contains 8 per cent of CO2, 21 per cent of C0, 12 per cent of H2, 1.5 per cent of CIL and 57.5 per cent of N2. The fine ash carried on' withthe gases from the producer contains only 20 to 30 per cent of coal particles, whereas, without the employment of a top air blast and the enlarged secondary gasification chamber, it sometimes contains as much as per cent of coal particles.

A different arrangement of the gasification and secondary gasification chambers may be employed from that shown in the drawing without departing from the scope of the invention. lf, for example, the two chambers be disposed horizontally, side by side, the advantage of a reduction in height is obtained. The two gasification chambers may also be connected by means of a wider pipe.

What I claim is:

1. In the production of fuel as in a generator having a primary and a arge secondary gasification zone from coal having a size ranging from that of articles of dust up to that of nuts, by gasi cation by means of a gasifying agent blown through the said coal while ignited at such a rate that the particles thereof continuously eddy up and down in such a manner that the ignited coal presents the appearance of a boiling liquid, the step of directly passing the crude fuel gas thus obtained together with the dust particles contained therein through the large secondary gasification zone maintained at a temperature of about 1000 to 1100 C., admitting only a further supply of a gasifya boiling li Leiaeee ing agent to the said secondary gasification zone and reactin said gasifying agent with said dust partic es while maintaining the dust articles and gasifying medium in contact or a longer period of time than contact is maintained between the fuel and gasifying medium in the primary zone.

2. In the production of fuel gas in a generator having a primary and a large secondary gasification zone from brown coal having a size\ranging fromthat of particles of dust up -.tathat of nuts, the steps which comprise blowin air through the said brownfcoal while ignited at such a rate that the particles thereof continuously eddy up and down in the primary gasification zone y in such a manner that the ignited brown coal presents the liquid, tained tained therein through the large secondary gasification zone maintained at a temperature of about 1000 to l C., admitting only a further supply of air to the said secondary appearance of a boiling passing the crude fuel gas thus obgasification zone and reacting said air with said dust particles while maintaining the dust particles and air in contact for a longer period of time than contact is maintained between the fuel and air in the primary zone.

3. In the production of fuel gas in a generator having a primary and a large secondary gasification zone from coal having a size ranging from that of particles of dust up to that of nuts, by gasification by means of a gasifying agent blown through the said coal while ignited at such a rate that the particles thereof continuously eddy up and down in such a manner that the ignited coal presents the appearance of a boiling liquid, the step of directly passing the crude fuel gas thus obtained together with the dust together with the dust particles conylll dust particles while maintaining the dust particles and gasifying medium in contact for a longer period of time than contact is maintained between the fuel and gasifying medium in the primary zone.

4. In the production of fuel gas in a generator having a primary and a large secondary gasification zone from brown coal havlng a size ranging from that of particles of dust up to comprise blowing air through the said brown coal while ignited at such a rate that the particles thereof continuously eddy up and down in the primary gasification zone in such a manner that the ignited brown coal presents the appearance of a boiling liquid, passing the crude fuel gas thus obthat of nuts, the steps which` y tained together with the dust particles contained therein through the large secondary gasification zone` maintained at a. tem erature of about 1000 to 1100 C., admitting a further supply of air to the said secondary gasification zone and reacting said air w1 said dust articles while maintaining the dust partie es and air in contact for a longer period of time than contact is maintained between the vfuel and air in the primary zone. In testimony where of I have hereunto set my hand.

FRITZ WINKLER.

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