US1593989A - Internal-explosion engine - Google Patents

Description

July 27, 1926.

A. F"! FTER INTERNAL EXFLOS ION ENGINE 3 S'neets-Sheet 1 Filed May 28, 1925 INVENTOR v Ezra/22 ATTORNEY July 27 1926.

A. RA'FTER' -INTERNAL EXPLOSION ENGINE SSheets-Sheec 2 Fild May 28, 1923 Jul 27 ,192'6;

A; RAFTER INTERNAL EXPLOSION ENGINE Sheet Filed May 28, 1925 '5 Sheets;-

N V R m M n raremedael 27, 1926.

' UNITED STATES ALBERT BAF'IER, OF NEWARK, JERSEY.

INTERNAL-EXPLGSION GINE.

Application filed May 28, 1923. Serial Nix-641,845.

This invention relates to engines in which charges of explosive gases are fired at fixed intervals within the cylinders, of which preferably several are used, the charges being compressed at each alternate upward stroke of the pistons, as is usual in engines of the two cycle type. v

One of the objectsof the invention is to provide means for scavenging the cylinders with compressed fresh air after the explosions have taken place and effectively dispose of the burned and exhausted gases through exhaust ports of unusually large area disposed circumjacently of-each cylinder and connected with common headers, one on each side of the'engine.

Another purpose is to produce means-for supplying a current of air under compression to force the liquid fuel through spray heads into the mixing chambers and also to mix with the gas in forming explosive charges.

A further aim is-in the provision of valves adapted to control-and direct the inlet of air and explosive. mixture in a new and practical manner.

These and other objects, tending to effect a high degree of economy in fuel, power in operation, simplicity in. construction and other valuable improvements,which will become apparent as the description progresses,-

are accomplished by thenovel construction, combination and arrangementof parts hereinafter described and illustrated in'the accompanying drawings, forming an essential part of this disclosure, and in which Figure 1 1s a transverse sectional View taken approximately on lin. 11 of Fi 3 through the center of-one of the cylin ers and associated parts of an engine'made: in

' ends and intermediate the cranks as shown, being slightlywider than the surfaces 19- accordance with the invention.

Figure 2 is a pa'rtial'side, partial longitudinal sectional view of the engine, the easment in broken lines and drawn to menlarged scale. Figure 7 s a perspective detail view of the combined air dispensing valve and shaft support disposed normally within the crank case.

Beginning with the frame of the engine,

which are reduced in diameter and internally bored, as at 19, at the ends and. between the portions in which the cranks opcrate, the connecting walls between the larger and smaller sections being'continuous and shapedyin conical sectional form. A shaft 20 passes axiallythrough the easing and may have attached to its extending ends driving and fly wheels, as indicated at 21. Said shaft passes through wiper wash ers '22, attached to the end flanges '23 of the casing, acting to prevent the .entrance of dust to the interior; Fixed to the shaft, adjacent the inner side of the washer 22, is a rigiddisc-24fagainst low annular grooves 26 near their "smoothly finished sides which fill with oil and-serve as packings.

One each of-these valves aroused at the and formed through the 'valves are ports,

respectively 27 and 28, communicating-with outer walls, the valves'being held from re- 'tati'ng by means of pins 29 entered through the casing walls" 7 Q The cylinders 30 are shown asintegral with the u per section of the casing, being .apertures'27--28' extending through their 'l I These cylinders are expanded at their upper ends to form a space 33 to deflect the air towards the center oflthe cylinder and to which the upper end of theconnecting rod 36 is attached by the pivob -fil';

The lower end of the connecting rod mounted on crank pins 38 fixeddo extend between discs 39 rigidly secured-to sections of the shaft 20, intermediate the spaces in which the cranks operatgthese phscs having their outer faces bevelled, to agme'e with'the interior of the casing in' which t hey rotate and arranged to slightly ,elear thezsame, their? sides opposite the-crank pinsf being closely adjacent the sides of the valves 25. I

Theouter faces of one of each. pair of the discs contain openings 40 opposite the crank pins into'which air enters from \the larger: ports 27, due to the suction of the piston itmoves upwardly, and g i s forced through the corresponding openipg by the piston moving downwardly, inttit, the port 28 in the opposite side-of the valvesfi25.

Air enters the ports'f2l by way of ducts 42 through the aperture 27 leading to each unit from a common heas'aen tti supplied by a single inlet 44 control etl 'by a damper valve 45, the air being discharged through ducts 46 to another head i'on the oppo-f.

site side of the engine.

Engaged with the header 47 isa duct 48 of rectangular cross section, tin the relatively large area of which is disposed the oppn end of another, smaller duct 49, into W ich is connected a spray nozzle 100 leadi u the valve 67 nothing but air is entered into the cylinder. the ring 7 9 retaining the over i ing from a chamber 101 see Fig. 2 contain ing a supply of gasoline maintained under pressure b air delivered through-the pipe 102 from te header 47. i

Theattenuated portion 51 of the duct 48 extends to the top of the cylinder, to a horizontal header eventually entering an open annular chamber 52 above the cylinder and the continuation 53 of the gas duct enters below a partition 50 in the header 50 to a similar but lower chamber 54.

Covering the chamber 52 1s a circular plate a 55 see Fig. 6 secured therein by screw threads 56 and present-ing a. chamber 57 in 5 its upper portion having ports 58 communieating with the surroundin chamber 52.

Below and open to the c amber 57 is another chamber 59 of lesser diameter and interjacent the chambers 59 and54 is another annular chamber 60 having imperforate inper and top walls, respectively 61 and 62 but fully open at the bottom-and provided with ports 63, in its outer wall communicating with the chamber 54.

A hub-like extension 65 reaches down' from the'plate 55 and is bored to receive a slidable stem 66 having on its end a disc 61 and 68 controlling val s'ie 67 adapted to contact and form an i air' an'dgas tight joint with the lower edge of the clrcular partition wall 61 and ring coiletl expansion'spring '69 abutting at its resprretiveends the plate 55 and a washer plate 70 through which the stem 66 fixedly passes, this stem being periodically depressed by a ta-ppet lever 71, t'ulcru'med on a fined rod 72 and-having at. its opposite end a roller 73ac-tuated by-a cam 'Zl, aid-- justably fixed on a shaft 75 and driven in timed relation to the rotation. of the en- .gine shaft. 20.

Fixed in the valve disc 67ers a plurality of posts 78 their upper ends being set in a valve plate ring 79 of washer-like formation, operating in the space between the walls the outlet of the 'ehaznber 60. r p

It will now be clear that the current at atmospheric air forced into the ducth be. comes dlvided, one portion being del1vered. from the annular chamber 52'to the chambers 58 and 60 and held therein by the valve 67. v When this valve starts to descend the air rushes through these chambers directly into the cylinder, eil'ectually scavenging the same and passing out, when the piston is in its rich gas mixture in the chamber 60., but eventually-the ring will be withdrawn as the valve descends and gas flows into the cylinder. mixes with air from the duct 46 to the header 43 and distributed to each cylinder unit by the ducts 42 leading to the apertures 27' communicating with the ports 27 of the ,fixcd valves 25, these ports being in communication with the openings 40 in the crank carrying discs 39 during a portion lc-westposition, through ports 80 extending till? of their revolution, at which timesuction is I caused by the upward movement of the piston 35 within its cylinder, thus fillingthe space in the crank-case between the discs.

Upon the downward movement of the pie tons, the discs will be rotated into position "to close the openings 40 to the ports I compressing the air in the crank case, even;

tually bringing the openings 40 into comtan I munication with the ports 28, forcing the air' through the apertures 28 into the ducts 46,. header 47 and dispenser 48, where, as haslbeen seen, it is distributed, part of the alr being used for scavenging purposes for the cylinders and part to commingle with the gasoline spray to form explosive charges within the cylinders.

The compressed air is also led from the header 4? totthe gasoline reservoir 101 sov that the pressure upon it is equalized with that in the distributor 48.

Attention is further called to the general simplicity and compactness of the en,- gine and the economical manner in which the gasoline is used without the interposition of a carburetor or other extraneous and trouble giving parts of like character.

The sprayhead 100 delivers the gasoline in minute jets directly into the mixing chamber below the 'hot exhausting ases in the discharge pipes and from w'hic it derives a very considerable degree of heat, which heat is materially conserved by reason of the duct 53 being partially enshrouded by the air duct 51, its uncovered side facing the cylinders as shown.

The foregoing disclosure is to be regarded as descriptive and illustrative only, and not ias restrictive or limitative of the invention,

of which obviously an embodiment maybe Loonstructed including many modifications ed claims.

without departing from the general scope herein indicated and denoted in the append- Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 2-- 1. An internal combustion engine comprising, in combination with working cylinders, pistons operating reciprocatively therein, a crank shaft androds connecting between the pistons and crank shaft,'of a closed crank case, constituting a compression chamber, means for admitting air to said chamber at the piston upstroke, a dis easing header common to all of the cy inders, means for discharging the air under compressionzto' said header, means for dividing the stream of air into portions one of which is used for scavenging the cylinders and the other to dilute the gaseous explosive mixture.v

and, a compound valve for the admission of air first, followed by the gaseous mixture, said valve being provided with means for cutting ofi' the supply of the gaseous mixhire prior to the cutting off of the air supv. 2. An internal combustion engine comprisingin combination with a working cylinder and a piston reciprocatively operative therein, of a water jacket surrounding. said cylinder, a plurality of ports through the wall of said c linder and water jacket, sail" ports being above the plane of the. piston when in its lowermost position, and having an area equal to the cross section of the cylindex, means for supplying compressed air to scavenge thecylinder during the timethe ports areopen, and a compound valve for supplying-,an explosive mixture subseque-nt to the entrance of the compressed air and prior to the return stroke of the piston during one cycle of its movement said valve being provided with means for cutting off the supply of the gaseous mixture prior to the cutting ofi of the air supply.

3. In an internal explosion engine, a valve for the inlet of air and explosive charge,

said valve comprising a cylindrical body having a chamber in its outerportlon con-- taining a plurality of ports communicating with asource of compressed air, an annular chamber having imperforate inner and upper walls'in its lower-portion, said annultr chamber having ports in its outer wall mmunicating with a source of us fuel and being open at its bottom, the annular chamber enclosing an open space concentric with the upper chamber, a. spring charge. said valve comprising a cylindrical body having chambers respectively communicating with a source of compressed air and an explosive gaseous mixture, a spring impelled disc normally closing both of said chambers, miansf carried by said disc for retarding the opening of the second named chamber, andimeans for depressing said disc' whereby air is first delivered followed by the gaseous mixture which is cut of? prior to the closing the air chamber.

'5.- In an internal explosion engine, means in the crank case for producing compressed air, a gasoline tank into which a. portion of the air is entered, a plurally chambered head on the working cylinder, a duct conveying a portion of the compressed air to one of the chambers in said head, a second duct partially enveloped in the first named duct leading to another of the chambers, a spray head in the last named duct communicating with the gasoline tank and receptive of another portion of the compressed air, a valve disc controlling the exit of air and of gas from said chambers, and means carried by said disc for both opening and closing the gas chamber-in advance-of opening and closingithe'air chamber.

6. in an internal combustion engine, a cylindrical crank case, means o erative in said case for drawing inzair, ompressing and forcing the air outward, a gasoline tank subjected to the compressed air, a spray head through which the gasoline is vaporized, a duct surrounding said spray head, a second duct partially surrounding the first named duct, connections from said case to each duct whereby compressed air is entered thereto, means for controllabiy entermg the combined all and vaporized gasoline 19 into the cylinders of the engine, means for entering pure air from the seconti igxct, to scavenge the cylinders and acompound valve for the admission of air first foiiowed by the gases-us mixture, said valve this 25th day of May, 1923.

ALBERT seer-Tee Cit

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