US1280188A - Dyeing-machine. - Google Patents

Dyeing-machine. Download PDF

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US1280188A
US1280188A US19289717A US19289717A US1280188A US 1280188 A US1280188 A US 1280188A US 19289717 A US19289717 A US 19289717A US 19289717 A US19289717 A US 19289717A US 1280188 A US1280188 A US 1280188A
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cylinder
conduits
series
liquid
fabric
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US19289717A
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Howard M Dudley
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B5/00—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D06B5/12—Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/04—Carriers or supports for textile materials to be treated
    • D06B23/042—Perforated supports

Definitions

  • the device of myinvention relates to dyeing machines and refers particularly to machines suitable for the dyeing of piece goods or fabrics by forcinga dye liquid there through.
  • One object of my invention is a device whereby a fabric may be wound evenly upon, and unwound from, the dyeing cylinder without the removal of the latter.
  • Another object of my invention is a device in which a dye liquid, or other liquid may be passed in opposite directions through the roll of fabric.
  • Another object of my invention is a foraminous cylinder or reel, upon which the fabric is wound, of such a' construction as to allow of equal penetration of a liquid.
  • Another object of my invention is a device in which the volume of a liquid is distributed equally over the surface of the wound fabric.
  • Thedevice of myfinvention accomplishes these purposes by winding the fabric directly upon the dyeing ⁇ reeljin such a manner that -it wil'lnot be disturbed, by supporting the fabric in ⁇ amannerthat will subject Vthe exterior of the roll to Oa maximum of dye liquid, ⁇ by having ⁇ foraminous .means in the dyeing reel to allow; .of equal distributionof the dye liquid .and by'feeding'the dyeV liquid underV uniform pressure to all portions ⁇ of the fabric roll. ⁇
  • Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of one form of my device.
  • Fig. 2 is an end elevation in the direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1, showing the wind lng roller in operative and inoperative position.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the line 3 3 of Fig. l.
  • Fig. 4 is a broken side plan of the inner foraminous member of the dyeing reel.
  • Fig. 5 is a View in the direction of the ar row 5 of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-section ee of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 7 is a top plan of a modified form of thelinner foraminous member of the dyeing ree
  • Fig. 8 is a cross-section through the line 8 8 of Fig. 7
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-section through the line 9-9 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 10 is an enlarged side plan View partly in cross-section of the testing device.
  • the particular form of the device of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings ⁇ comprises a reely formed of a foraminous cylinder 10, ixedly attached to the cylindrical members r11,12 and the annular flanges 13, 14.
  • a conical shaped conduit 15 fixedly attached to the flange 14 converges into the pipe 16, within which the pipe 17 is revoluble, a tight joint being formed by means of the bushing 18.
  • the conduit 15 is revolubly supported bythe bracket 19.
  • the pipe 17 is connected with a source of dye liquid and water not shown.
  • the annular member 20, iXedly attached to the member 11, carries a series of conduits 21, 21 extending inwardly 0f the reel from the chamber 22 and then extending outwardly toward the inner face of the foraminous cylinder 10, a rchamber 23 being situated between the inner face of the foraminous plate 10 and the inner openings of the conduits 21, 21.
  • the Atwo cover members are a series ot' conduits 38, 33, 33A, 33A., connecting the conduit 15 with the chambers 34,34? the chambers 34, 34A containing a series of longitudinally parallel blades 35, 35, 35A, 35A.
  • the walls ofthe conduits21,2l and .33, 33 are supported by the supporting members 21', ⁇ 21 and 33', .33 respectively.
  • the two cover members may be attached .to cach other by means oi the bolts 36, 36.
  • the reel carries a testingldevice, the con struction of which is shown in Fig. 10.
  • This testing device consists of .members similar and proportionate to the larger reel, and ⁇ the numerals upon Fig. 10 correspond to those upon Fig. 1.
  • One end oi' thecyhnder is connected to the pipe carrying theyalve by means of ⁇ the coupling 54, and the other end of the cylinder :is connected to the pipe 55 carrying the valve ⁇ 56 by means of the coupling 5T.
  • the pipe 52 connects With the chamber 34, and rthe pipe :55 :con nects with the chamber 23.
  • rI he foraminous cylinder 10 comprises a 4series of parallel and intersecting yflat bars A:60, A forming the hollow squares l61,161.
  • Each bar 60, G0 carries an outwardly VeX- tended triangular member (32, G2.
  • the apices .of the triangular members 62, 62 sup'- :port Vthe abric While a liquid has free passage .through the openings G1, 61 and be tween the triangular members.
  • the operation of the device is as follows
  • the -top 38 is raised as indicated in Fig-2', the roller 42 placed Within the open-ings 41, 41, Aand the reel revolved, thus Wind-ing the fabric '100, thereon.
  • Similar fabric 101 is woundupon the reel of the testing device.
  • the roller42 is then ⁇ removed by means Aof the 'hoi-sting hood 44 and thetwo cover members 'clamped around the ⁇ fabric 100 by means of the bolts 86, 36 and the top 38 closed upon the bottom 37 and clamped thereto by means ot the bolts 40, 40.
  • the liquid maybe .'Eorced in .a reverse direction through ithe fabric 100 lby yforcing fthe liquid Vinto theideivice through the 17. fifi-om time to time the conditionof ithe fab- -ric 101 in the itesting .device is examined .by closing valves 53 and 56 and releasing ithe testing .reel by .uncoup'ling the couplings 54 and 57, .thus not interrupting ,the passage .oft .the :liquid .through the larger demice. Mhen the dyeing operation isicompleted, ithe ttab ric may be Washed by forcing Water .thnough the .pipes 28 and 117 as describedqafb vote.
  • Wihat l claim is 1.
  • a dyeing machine in combination, e toraaninous cylinder .capable .olf khaving a fabric -wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integralsvith the cylinder, a series of M0 conduits capable of .placement around .the exterior of the 'fabric roll, means connecting the conduits With a. source of liquid supply and means for forcing a 'liquid through the conduits and the fabric.
  • a ioraminous .cylinder capable or"- yhav-ing a fabric Wound thereon im'perforate Aflange ends integral with 'fthe cjydinder, a series of conduits VWithin'the oraminous cylinder, a 11) removable series of conduits capa-ble of placement around the fabric roll, means for connecting the series of .conduitswlith va source of liquid supply and mea-ns for forc w ing a liquid through either series of ⁇ con- V1315 duits, :the fabric roll 'and the lother series of conduits. ⁇ 1
  • a foraminous cylinder capable of having La y fabric wound thereon, imperlo-rafte ⁇ flange 120 ends integra-l with the cylinder, a removable series of conduits capable oiplacement around the fabric roll and between --the flanges, means ⁇ connecting the series of conduitsswith'a source of liqui supp1y,.
  • a Second 125 series of conduits Within the cylinder, means for connecting the secondseries rraf-conduits with a second sourceoflquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder andtheconduits and means for forcing a liquid through 330 either series of conduits, the cylinder, a fabric roll and the other series of conduits during the revolution of the reel and conduits.
  • a foraminous cylinder having outwardly eX tended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon, an imperforate flange at each end of the cylinder integral therewith, a removable series of conduit-s capable of placement around the cylinder and carrying a series of inwardly extended parallel plates, means for connecting the conduits with a source of liquid supply, a second series of conduits Within the cylinder and covering the inner face thereof, means for connecting the second series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder and the conduits, and means for forcing a liquid through the device in either direction.
  • a receptacle in combination, a receptacle, a foraminous cylinder having outwardly extended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon,I imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, means whereby a liquid can be forced in opposite directions through a fabric wound upon the cylinder, a smaller testing device comprising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.
  • a foraminous cylinder' having outwardly eX- tended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, a removable series of conduits capable of placement around and spaced from the cylinder and between the anges, means integral with a flange for connecting the series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, a chamber within the cylinder, a second series of conduits connecting the chamber with a source of liquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder, fabric roll and conduits and means for forcing a liquid through either series of conduits and the fabric roll during the revolution of the reel, a smaller testing device comprising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time, the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.
  • a foraminous cylinder capable of having a fabric wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, a series of conduits capable of placement around the exterior of the fabric roll, a second series of conduits within the foraminous cylinder, means for connecting each series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, and means for forcing a liquid through either series of conduits, the fabric roll and the other series of conduits, a smaller testing device com prising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time, the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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Description

H. NI. DUDLEY.
DYEING MACHINE.
APPLICATION FILED SEPT-24.19II.
Patented Oct. 1, 1918. 5 SHEETS-SHEET I TIT .QI
, www@ H. M. DUDLEY.
DYEING MACHINE.
APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 24. ISI?.
1,280,188. PaIented @et 1, 1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.
H. M. DUDLEY.
DYEING MACHINE.
APPLxcATloN FILED sEPT. 24. |911.
1,280,188. Patented Oct. 1, 1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.
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H. M. DUDLEY.
DYEING MACHiNE.
APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 24. 19|?- Patented Oct.. 1, 1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.l
H. NI. DUDLEY.
DYEING MACHINE.
APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 24. 19H.
1,280,188. Patented. 0015.1, 1918.
5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.
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.HOWARD 1v1. DUDLEY, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
DYEINGr-MAGHINE.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Oct. 1, 1918.
Application filed September 24, 1917. Serial N o. 192,897.
To all whom t may concern:
Be it known that I, HOWARD M. DUDLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the vcity of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and usefulv Improvements in Dyeing-Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.
The device of myinvention relates to dyeing machines and refers particularly to machines suitable for the dyeing of piece goods or fabrics by forcinga dye liquid there through.
One object of my invention is a device whereby a fabric may be wound evenly upon, and unwound from, the dyeing cylinder without the removal of the latter.
Another object of my invention is a device in which a dye liquid, or other liquid may be passed in opposite directions through the roll of fabric.
Another object of my invention is a foraminous cylinder or reel, upon which the fabric is wound, of such a' construction as to allow of equal penetration of a liquid.
Another object of my invention is a device in which the volume of a liquid is distributed equally over the surface of the wound fabric.
These and other objects of my invention will be evident upon a consideration of my specification, drawings and claims. i
In the dyeing of wound or rolled piece goods and fabrics, it is essentialthat they be rolled 'evenly and uniformly, free from folds, and that all portions of the fabric be treated uniformly withthe dye liquid and then uniformly washed to removeall excess of dyeliquid-` V ,Thedevice of myfinvention accomplishes these purposes by winding the fabric directly upon the dyeing` reeljin such a manner that -it wil'lnot be disturbed, by supporting the fabric in` amannerthat will subject Vthe exterior of the roll to Oa maximum of dye liquid, `by having `foraminous .means in the dyeing reel to allow; .of equal distributionof the dye liquid .and by'feeding'the dyeV liquid underV uniform pressure to all portions `of the fabric roll.`
Inthe particular `form of the device of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, similar `parts are Vdesignated by similar numerals.
Figure 1 is a vertical cross-section of one form of my device.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation in the direction of the arrow 2 of Fig. 1, showing the wind lng roller in operative and inoperative position.
Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the line 3 3 of Fig. l.
Fig. 4 is a broken side plan of the inner foraminous member of the dyeing reel. Fig. 5 is a View in the direction of the ar row 5 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 .is a cross-section ee of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a top plan of a modified form of thelinner foraminous member of the dyeing ree Fig. 8 is a cross-section through the line 8 8 of Fig. 7
Fig. 9 is a cross-section through the line 9-9 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged side plan View partly in cross-section of the testing device.
\ The particular form of the device of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings `comprises a reely formed of a foraminous cylinder 10, ixedly attached to the cylindrical members r11,12 and the annular flanges 13, 14. A conical shaped conduit 15 fixedly attached to the flange 14 converges into the pipe 16, within which the pipe 17 is revoluble, a tight joint being formed by means of the bushing 18. The conduit 15 is revolubly supported bythe bracket 19. The pipe 17 is connected with a source of dye liquid and water not shown. The annular member 20, iXedly attached to the member 11, carries a series of conduits 21, 21 extending inwardly 0f the reel from the chamber 22 and then extending outwardly toward the inner face of the foraminous cylinder 10, a rchamber 23 being situated between the inner face of the foraminous plate 10 and the inner openings of the conduits 21, 21. The member 20 Vis also iiXedly attached to the cogged wheel 24, which meshes with the through the line worm gear 25 carried by the shaft 26 which i ment between the .flanges 13 and 14 comprise the exterior members 30, 30A lixedly attached to the two end members 31, 32, 31, 32^ respectively. WVi thin the Atwo cover members are a series ot' conduits 38, 33, 33A, 33A., connecting the conduit 15 with the chambers 34,34? the chambers 34, 34A containing a series of longitudinally parallel blades 35, 35, 35A, 35A. The walls ofthe conduits21,2l and .33, 33 are supported by the supporting members 21', `21 and 33', .33 respectively. -The two cover members may be attached .to cach other by means oi the bolts 36, 36. rThe reel portionoi` the device .is inclosed in a recepta'cle formed by the bottom 37 and the :top .38 hingedly attached thereto by the hinge :39, the top and bottom being capable .of att-aon ment to each other by means of Jtfhebolts 40, 40. Bevoluble Within, and removable from, the openings 41, 41 of the supports 42, 42 isa roller 43 capable of abutment upon :the foraminous cylinder 10, the roller 43 being capable of .removal by means of :the holst hook 44. A pipe 70 carrying the valve 71 is introduced into `the bottom 37.
'The reel carries a testingldevice, the con struction of which is shown in Fig. 10. This testing device consists of .members similar and proportionate to the larger reel, and `the numerals upon Fig. 10 correspond to those upon Fig. 1. One end oi' thecyhnder is connected to the pipe carrying theyalve by means of `the coupling 54, and the other end of the cylinder :is connected to the pipe 55 carrying the valve `56 by means of the coupling 5T. The pipe 52 connects With the chamber 34, and rthe pipe :55 :con nects with the chamber 23.
rI he foraminous cylinder 10 comprises a 4series of parallel and intersecting yflat bars A:60, A forming the hollow squares l61,161. Each bar 60, G0 carries an outwardly VeX- tended triangular member (32, G2. The apices .of the triangular members 62, 62 sup'- :port Vthe abric While a liquid has free passage .through the openings G1, 61 and be tween the triangular members.
In the modi-tied form of the `lolam-inous cylinder 10 ililustratedin Figs. 7 and 8, 'the triangular members .63, G3 around the sides of each hollouv square 60, 60 are brought -to 4a common apex 64, the basis of the triangular 4members 63, 63 being less than the `length of the side squares,
' Theoperation of the device is as follows The -top 38 is raised as indicated in Fig-2', the roller 42 placed Within the open- ings 41, 41, Aand the reel revolved, thus Wind-ing the fabric '100, thereon. Similar fabric 101 is woundupon the reel of the testing device. The roller42 is then `removed by means Aof the 'hoi-sting hood 44 and thetwo cover members 'clamped around the `fabric 100 by means of the bolts 86, 36 and the top 38 closed upon the bottom 37 and clamped thereto by means ot the bolts 40, 40. All of the valves are closed with the exception ot' valves 53 and 456, dye liquid is then Vintroduced into the pipe ,28 .thence passing through the chamber 22, the conduits 21, 21, the chamber 23, the foraminous cylinder 10, the fabric 1D0, the chambers 34, 34A, the conduitsBB, 33,33% 33A, `the conical ,conduit 15 and the pipe 17 to a reserve tank not shown. At the same time the dye liquid :passes through the ipipe .of .the testing `device and [outwardly through vthe ffabric 4101. W'Lhen desirable, the liquid maybe .'Eorced in .a reverse direction through ithe fabric 100 lby yforcing fthe liquid Vinto theideivice through the 17. fifi-om time to time the conditionof ithe fab- -ric 101 in the itesting .device is examined .by closing valves 53 and 56 and releasing ithe testing .reel by .uncoup'ling the couplings 54 and 57, .thus not interrupting ,the passage .oft .the :liquid .through the larger demice. Mhen the dyeing operation isicompleted, ithe ttab ric may be Washed by forcing Water .thnough the .pipes 28 and 117 as describedqafboaie.
1 do not .limit myself `-to .the :particular size, shape, number .or .arrangement .olf parte as described and shown, .alrlo -Which .may be -varied without going beyond l.t-hevscope of my invention .as .described and claimed.
Wihat l claim is 1. In' a dyeing machine, in combination, e toraaninous cylinder .capable .olf khaving a fabric -wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integralsvith the cylinder, a series of M0 conduits capable of .placement around .the exterior of the 'fabric roll, means connecting the conduits With a. source of liquid supply and means for forcing a 'liquid through the conduits and the fabric.
`2. In adyeing machine, in combination, a ioraminous .cylinder capable or"- yhav-ing a fabric Wound thereon, im'perforate Aflange ends integral with 'fthe cjydinder, a series of conduits VWithin'the oraminous cylinder, a 11) removable series of conduits capa-ble of placement around the fabric roll, means for connecting the series of .conduitswlith va source of liquid supply and mea-ns for forc w ing a liquid through either series of `con- V1315 duits, :the fabric roll 'and the lother series of conduits.` 1
3. In. 4a `dyeing machine, in combination,
a foraminous cylinder capable of having La y fabric wound thereon, imperlo-rafte` flange 120 ends integra-l with the cylinder, a removable series of conduits capable oiplacement around the fabric roll and between --the flanges, means `connecting the series of conduitsswith'a source of liqui supp1y,.a Second 125 series of conduits Within the cylinder, means for connecting the secondseries rraf-conduits with a second sourceoflquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder andtheconduits and means for forcing a liquid through 330 either series of conduits, the cylinder, a fabric roll and the other series of conduits during the revolution of the reel and conduits.
4l. In a dyeing machine, in Combination, a foraminous cylinder having outwardly eX- tended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, a removable series of conduits capable of placement around and spaced from the cylinder and between the flanges, means integral with a flange for connecting the series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, a chamber within the cylinder, a second series of conduits connecting the chamber with a source of liquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder, fabric roll and conduits and means for forc ing a liquid through either series of conduits and the fabric roll during the revolution of the reel.
5. In a dyeing machine, in combination, a foraminous cylinder having outwardly eX tended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon, an imperforate flange at each end of the cylinder integral therewith, a removable series of conduit-s capable of placement around the cylinder and carrying a series of inwardly extended parallel plates, means for connecting the conduits with a source of liquid supply, a second series of conduits Within the cylinder and covering the inner face thereof, means for connecting the second series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder and the conduits, and means for forcing a liquid through the device in either direction. y
6. Ina dyeing machine.I in combination, a receptacle, a foraminous cylinder having outwardly extended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon,I imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, means whereby a liquid can be forced in opposite directions through a fabric wound upon the cylinder, a smaller testing device comprising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.
7. In a dyeing machine, in combination, a foraminous cylinder' having outwardly eX- tended members capable of having a fabric wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, a removable series of conduits capable of placement around and spaced from the cylinder and between the anges, means integral with a flange for connecting the series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, a chamber within the cylinder, a second series of conduits connecting the chamber with a source of liquid supply, means for revolving the cylinder, fabric roll and conduits and means for forcing a liquid through either series of conduits and the fabric roll during the revolution of the reel, a smaller testing device comprising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time, the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.
8. In a dyeing machine, in combination, a foraminous cylinder capable of having a fabric wound thereon, imperforate flange ends integral with the cylinder, a series of conduits capable of placement around the exterior of the fabric roll, a second series of conduits within the foraminous cylinder, means for connecting each series of conduits with a source of liquid supply, and means for forcing a liquid through either series of conduits, the fabric roll and the other series of conduits, a smaller testing device com prising a foraminous cylinder with integral imperforate flange ends and means whereby a liquid may be passed through a fabric wound upon the cylinder in the testing device, at the same time, the liquid is passed through the larger cylinder in either direction.
Signed at Phila., in the county of Phila. and State of Penna., August, 1917.
HOWARD M. DUDLEY.
Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.
US19289717A 1917-09-24 1917-09-24 Dyeing-machine. Expired - Lifetime US1280188A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3602016A (en) * 1969-03-31 1971-08-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Apparatus for the treatment of yarns and fabric
US4173132A (en) * 1978-05-24 1979-11-06 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dyeing apparatus
US4217768A (en) * 1977-11-14 1980-08-19 Nippon Dyeing Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd. Dyeing apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3602016A (en) * 1969-03-31 1971-08-31 Heberlein & Co Ag Apparatus for the treatment of yarns and fabric
US4217768A (en) * 1977-11-14 1980-08-19 Nippon Dyeing Machine Mfg. Co., Ltd. Dyeing apparatus
US4173132A (en) * 1978-05-24 1979-11-06 Yoshida Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Dyeing apparatus

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