US1006132A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

H. B. ROSS. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16, 1906. RENEWED JAN. 10, 1910. 1

1,006 1 32. Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

' H. B. ROSS. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.- APPLmATmN FILED 14411.16,- 190s. RENEWED IAN.10,'1910.

1,006,1 32. i 4 Patented Oct. 17, 1911 2 SHEBT SSHEET a.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HARRY BEAUREGARD ROS S, OF DENVER, COLORADO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TO WILLIAM o. TEMPLE AND ONE-THIRD RADO.

Specification of Letters Patent.

'I'O BEAUREGARD ROSS, or DENVER, coLo- INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Oct. 17, 1911.

Application filed March 16, 1906, Serial No; 306,364; Renewed January 10, 1910. Serial No. 537,338.

To 'allwhom it may concern:

Be 1t known that I, HARRY BEAUREGARD Ross, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, have invented. certain. new and useful Improvements'in Internal- Combustion Engines; and I do declare the. following to be a'full, clear, and exact de-f" scription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to makeanduse the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, andto-the lett'ersand figures of reference marked =-t -hereon, which form a part of this specification;

My invention relatesto improvements in internal combustion engines of the twocycle class.

In my improved engine I employ cooperating cylinders preferably arranged in pairs. In other words each engine unit consists of at least two cooperating cylinders. In this application a single unit only will be described. It will of course be understood, however, that any number of these units may be employed according to the desired capacity of the engine.

My improvements relate more especially to the means employed for compressing the explosive mixture and transferring it to the explosion compartments ofthe cylinders.

Some of the objects of my improved con struction are: first, to secure a better ex? haust or removal of the products ofcombustion from the explosion compartments ofsion; fourth, to prevent wasteful leakage of gas; fifth, to minimize strain and wear of the machinery parts; and sixth to provide an engine of the smallest possible bulk and ward movement of the pistons. These ports- Lmust be distinguished from theinlet ports weight, simple in construction, that will de velop the required power so quickly asto be practically' self starting. I attain these objects by the use of the mechanism illus-' cross. sections taken on the lines 33, 44 and 5l5 respectively, ofv Fig. 1.

the same parts in all the views.

A single unitof my improved engine intwo chamber compartments for the compression and explosion 'of the ordinarymixture of gas and air used in internal combustion engines. These cylinders as shown in the drawing are designated by the reference characters A and B, respectively. T heexplosion compartments of the two cylinders are respectively indicated by the letters G and L; while their opposite compartments areindicated respectively by the letters H and M. The explosions occur .alternately in the upper chambers of the two cylinders or in the chambers more remote from the crank or driving shaft; while the compression takes place in both chambers of each cylinder. These cylinders A and B are prefer.- ably of uniform size. Each cylinder is provided with a piston'5 of the usual form, which reciprocates or works backward and forward or up and down according to the position of the engine. Each cylinder is provided with an inlet port J for the explosive mixture at or near its upper extremity; and with exhaust ports 0 in the inafter described more in detail. Each cylinderis also provided with an outlet port 6 an intake port 7 controlled by a valve 8.

duit 9 loading from a carburetor or a source of explosive-mixture supply. These intake ports are for the entrance of the explosive mixture to the compartments H and M of ,Zthe cylinders, in response to the suction or vacuum produced by the upward or out J heretofore referred to which communicate with*the explosion chambers or explosion compartments of the cylinders. and through i which ports J the explosive mixture is forced by the down-stroke of the piston of the opposite cylinder. The exhaust ports preferably consist of a mimber of small open- The same reference characters indicate eludes at least two cylinders each having at the bottom controlled by a valve 1; and

This intake port communicates with a con walls of the cylinder, the same being here 4 ings or perforations in the side of each .cyl-

- fresh charge'of the explosive r inder, so arranged that a straight line drawn at right angles to the direction of the pistons stroke would pass through the openings. E

These ports are so arranged that all of them belonging to the same cylinder are opened and closed simultaneously by the movement of the piston. That part of the cylinder re maining betw en these different openings serves as a bridge or series of bridges over which the piston rings'pass without danger of spreading or other interference. j

The valve 8 of each cylinder should be made of the lightest possible material as aluminium, so as to render it highly sensitive to the influence of vacuum and pressure. This valve opens with the upstroke of the piston and closes with the down-stroke. The valves I should also be constructed of light material and should be similar to the valves 8 in form and construction, except that the valves I should be so arranged as to close with the up-stroke of the piston and open with. the down-stroke. The port controlled by each valve I serves as an outlet through-which the compressed gas in the lower chamber is expelled by the downstroke of the piston. The port controlled by each Valve K as heretofore explained, serves as an inlet port thr h which the .t; .re 15 conveyed to the upper extremity of the cylinder.

This charge. passes from the carbureter through the conduit 9, thence through the port 7. into the compression chamber H or M (as the case may be) of the cylinder, where it is compressed by the down-stroke of the piston and forced out through the ports 6 controlled by the valves 1. These ports 6 each communicate with a conduit 10 leading to a passage 12 whose extremity remote from the conduit leads to a port J controlled by a valve K. Hence as each piston makes a down-stroke, the explosive mixture in its cylinder is forced out through a port 6, causing the valve ,1 to open, thence through a conduit 10, a passage 12 and a port J into the explosion or upper compartment L or G as the case may be of the opposite cylinder.

The action of the' engine is greatly as-' surface or plane of a stationary metal plate 5 P. These valves reciprocate with each other in the performance of their functions and are automatic. For example when the charge isforced-into the explosion compart-' ment L of the" cylinder A, its pressure opens the adjacent valve K by pushing it to the right and in so doing itflclosesthe valve K of the opposite cylinder.- Butto insure the closing of these valves at the precise moment req'ulred, I have provided auxiliary means for closing them mechanically,consisting of.

metal rods 15, one for each cam 14. These rods are-connected with pitmen 16 which are connected with cranks 17 of the driven shaft- 18. The upper or outer extremities of the rods 15 are beveled to correspond with the inclined sides of the triangular cams 14, so that when either rod on its up-stroke is brought in contact with a cam 14;, the planes of their engaging surfaces touch at every point. The entire mechanism is so constructed and adjusted, that either rod 15 is carried to the end of its up-stroke just as one of the pistons 5 has passedupward or outward to the point of'explosion in its cylinder. On the upstroke of rod 15, its top or outer extremity comes in contact with the lower surface or plane of left hand cam 14 and presses against it with sutficient force. .to close the corresponding valve K completely and quickly (ifit has not already closed automatically as beforeexplained) so that the explosion in compartment L takes place without any loss of power.

Each piston 5 is connected with a stem 19' which is "attached to a crosshea-d 20, the latter being in turn connected with a pitman 21 connected with a crank 22 of the driven shaft 18. The upper extremity of each cyl-' inder is provided'with a sparking plug 23 carrying suitable electrodes which protrude into the explosion compartment of each cylinder in the usual-manner. claimed on this sparking plug construction,

As nothing is neither it or its electrical connections will be described more in detail.

From the foregoingdescription the use and operation ofmycimproved engine will be readily understood. w f -It should always be borne in mind that the two cylinders A and B supplement each other and that their action is reciprocal.

Referring now to the position of the parts as shown in Fig. 1, it will be assumed that inder B is full of explosive mixture admitted on the Lip-stroke of the piston 5. e

the compression compartment H of the cylv will also assume that the said piston has the piston has commenced its return stroke or when its corresponding pitman has passed the dead center posltion. As the explosion occurs in the compartment G, the already gree of COHIPIGSSiOl]. This explosive mixture is drawn into the compartment H dur ing the up-stroke of the piston, from the carburetor-through the port 7, the valve 8 having assumed the position shown at the left of Fig. 5 allowing the mixture to enter from the carbureter. The down-stroke of the piston moving in the compartment H, not only compresses this charge, but forces it out of the compression chamber through the port 6 opening the valve I and driving the charge thence through the corresponding conduit 10, and passage 12 causing the valve K to open, the mixture being finally forced into the explosion compartment L of the cylinder A, just after that cylinders exploded charge has exhausted through the exhaust ports 0 in that cylinder. The dead gas or burned product resulting from the explosion, is thus caught between the two oppos ing forces namely the fresh charge forced into the top of the cylinder as just explained, and'the return stroke of the ascending piston, and by this means the dead gas is completely forced out into the atmosphere through the exhaust ports of the cylinder. The explosion compartment L is then ready for another explosion, its piston 5 having compressed the charge of gas admltted as before explained, in the upper extremity of the cylinder A. Now as the explosion occurs in the explosion compartment L the piston 5 of the chamber A is driven downward whereby the gas is compressed in the lower compartment M ofthe cylinder, from which it forced by the down-stroke of the piston through the port controlled by the adjacent outlet valve I, thence through the conduit 10 and the passage 12. At the upper extremity of the latter the explosive mixture acts on the valve K and opens the latter allowing the mixture to enter the explosion compartment G of the cylinder B; The result of the two cylinders thus alternating and cooperating with each other, is to produce two explosions to one revolution of the crank shaft. In each cylinder the explosion takes place one-half of a revolution before or after the explosion in the other cylinder.

Having thus describt-al my invention, what I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine com prising two cooperatingcylinders formingan engine unit, a piston separating each cylinder into two compartments in one of which the explosion occurs in each cylinder, a connection between the two cylinders whereby as the piston of either cylinder is moved from the explosion compartment toward the opposite compartment, a charge of explosive mixture is forced from the last namedcompartment of that cylinder into explosion compartment of the other cylining an inclined face, rods having oppositely inclined faces engaging the inclined faces of the cams, the latter being connected to reciprocate in unison whereby when one valve opened the other is closed, and means for reciprocating these rods whereby they act alternately on the two cams.

2. An internal combustion engine in which the engine unit includes two cooper ating cylinders, a piston separating each cylinder into two compartments in one of which the explosion occurs in each cylinder, a connection between the two cylinders whereby as the piston of either cylinder is moving from the explosion compartment toward or into the opposite compartment, a charge of explosive mixture is forced from the last named compartment of that cylinder into the explosion compartment of the other cylinder, the pistons of the two cylinders being arranged to move simultaneously in opposite directions, each cylinder having a suitable port for the entrance of the charge of explosive mixture, valves for controlling these ports, a connection between the two valves including cams having inclined faces, rods having oppositely inclined faces acting on the cams, means for reciprocating the rods alternately whereby asone valve is opened the other is closed, and means for producing an explosion in the explosion compartment of each cylinder for every two strokes of its piston.

33. An internal combustion engine in which'the cmrine unit includes two cooperating cylinders. a piston separating each cylinder into two compartments in one of a cam connected with a ch valve, and havwhich the explosion occurs in each cylinder.

the explosion compartment of each cylinder being in communication with the opposite compartn'ient of the other cylinder. by suitable ports, valves for controlling said ports, a connection between the two valves, whereby they move in unison, said connection including a compensating spring and cams. rods engagingthe cams whereby the "alves are simultaneouslyactuated, meansfor reciprocating the rods whereby they act alter: nately upon the cams, the latter being constructed to cause the valves to move in one direction when acted upon by one rod, and in the opposite direction when acted upon by the other rod, and means whereby explosions are made to occur alternately in the two cylinders and whereby an explosion occurs in each cylinder for each two strokes of the'niston of that cylinder.

'havesa reciprocating movement, and means with the opposite compartment of the other cylinder by suitable ports, valvesfor controllingsaid ports, a connection between the .two 'valves whereby theyare caused to op- 1 crate in'unison, the said connection having ii -compensating spring, and means. for actuating thetwo valves whereby they are caused to move simultaneously in opposite directions, one being opened and the other closed during each movement, the arrange;

ment being such that the explosions occur alternately in the oppositecylinders, the

' communicating connection between the two cylinders being such that while each piston is making its working stroke, it is forcing a charge of explosive mixture from its own cylinder into the outer endcof the explosion compartment of the opposite cylinder, causing the said charge to,cooperate' with the approaching piston of the last named cylinder to expel the products of combustion through the exhaust opening; y

A 5. An internal combustion engine in which the engine unit is composed of two -cotiperating cylinders in which the explo- -sions occur alternately, pistons 'in the respective cylinders, each piston separating its-cylinder into two compartments in one of which" the explosion occurs, the explosion compartment of each cylinder beingin communication with the opposite compartment of the" other cylinder by suitable ports, 'valrfes for controlling, said ports, a connec tion between the two valves, mounted to on the said connection for moving bothggvalvesalternately in opposite directhe central portion or" the wall of each, cylinder being openforexhaust purposes,-

" hiegparts being so constructed and arranged that while. either piston is making its return str oke,. aicharge of .explosive mixture is 'drawn'giyiiito -the cylindein compartment oppositeiijtheif explosion compartment, while whenieither, cylirgder isxmaking the work-' ke *thischargeljs "driven into theexom'pa'rtn ent of the other, cylinder pl ib .and' 'oope'rates; with; the approach ng pis- .roducts; 1 r3 nternal emeteries; engine incllud cylinder-provided with an exhaust whereby the charge ofompartment of driven into the explosi the.- cylinderon'onai .s ide' each 'cylinder having ;a charge of explosive. mixture, "connected valves for controlling saidfports, and means the exhaust port, inlet port for the acting on the said connection. for moving" the two valves. alternately in opposite directions, while the piston of the cylinder is approaching the exhaust port from the'oppbsite side whereby the two agexicies'hinmlta neously. cooperate'to expel the exhaust prod?- ucts; 7. All which the charge of explosive mixture is internal combustion engine in 1 delivered to the explosion compartment of the engine cylinder on one side of the ex haust'port, while the piston of the cylinder is approaching the exhaust port from the opposite side, whereby the two agencies simultaneously cooperate to expel the exhaust products, each cylinder having an inlet port for thecharge of explosive mixture, valves for-controlling'the two ports, rods for connecting the valves, each rod being provided with a cam, a compensating spring connecting the two cams, and means-acting on the cams for simultaneously moving both valves alternately in opposite directions, whereby one valve is opened simultaneously ,-with the closing of the other 'valve,] substantially as described. I "-1;

r 8. A1 two cycle internal combustion engine in which-the 'eng'ineunit includes two cooperating cylinders, and meanswhereby a charge of explosive mixture is forced by the working stroke of the piston; bf each cylinder, into the explosion compartment of the other cylinder during the return stroke of the-piston of the'last named cylinder, each cylihder having an inlet port for the. explo-. sive charge, valves for controllingsaid ports, a connection between the valves,

mounted to reciprocate in a direction at I right angles to the movement of the pistons, and means i for alternately moving both valves simultaneously in opposite directions, substantially asdes'cribed. 1 c

9 An internal combustion engine including two cooperating cylindershaving "piston's separating their respective -cylinders into two compartments in oneof which the explosion occurs, the apparatus being provided with passages whereby the explosion compartment of each cylinder communicates with the opposite compartmentof the other cylinder, and valves contrblling the cylinder ports at the oppositefiextremities of these passages, a connection betweerrthe said valves, mounted to rec procate atgr'lg'ht an gles to the axes of the cylinderaland means acting on the said connection'ifo-r simultancously imparting movement to both valves alternately-in opposite directions, substan- -tially as described. I

poensa' 5 1o. An 'internal combustion engine naudmg. two cooperating cylinders, each cylinder having a piston separating it into two com -.partments in one of which the explosion;

curs, the apparatus being provided with-pas valves controlling the cylinderportsat the mopposite extremities of these passages, the said valves being arranged to open and close automatically at properly timed intervals under the influence .of fluidaction, and means cooperating with the automatic fluid action for operating the valves to control the ports'of the explosion compartments of the-two cylinders, comprising rods having cams, a connection between the two cams, v the valves being mounted to reciprocate in a direction at. right angles to the axes of the cylinders, and means acting on the cams for alternately moving both valves simultaneously in opposite directions, substantially as described. 25 11. An internal combustion engine, com 4 prising two cylinders, a piston separating each cylinder into two compartments namely, an explosion compartment and atompartment of initial compression, the initial compression compartment of each cylinder having an independent passage communicating separately with the explosioncompart- -ment of the othercylinder, the piston of the two cylinders being arranged to act alternately to compress the charge int-he initial compression compartment of either cylinder, the saidact of compression taking place al.-

ternately in the explosion compartmentsof the two cylinders, the two cylinders having 40 oppositely located ports for the entrance of 1 the explosive mixture,- valve mechanism vfor *1 controlling both ports comprising rods connected with the valvesand having cams, the said mechanism. being-mounted to reciprocate, and means acting on thecams for alternately actuating the valve mechanism, whereby the two valves are simultaneously actuated to close one port and open the 7 other. y .60 12. An internal combustion engine, in-

eluding two cylinders, each cylinder having a piston separating it into two compartments, one compartment of which is an explosion compartment, the explosion compart'ment of each cylinder having independent passages communicating separately with the opposite. compartment of the other cylinder, each compartment opposite the explosion compartment of each cylinder hav;

6 9 anintake-portzthrough which the charge or explosive mixture. enters the compartnient during the return stroke of the piston, and which is compressed by the last named iston during the opposite or working stroke 65 mto the explosion compartment of the oppol cylinder, thepiston of the last named.

cylinder coiiperating simultaneously to perl form-the act of compression in its own com-'- partmenwthe said intake ports for the explosivemixtureiof both cylinders being op posite ly located, valve mechanismsfor con"- trolling both ports, the said mechanism being mounted toreciprocate and provided with cams, and means acting on the said 1;

cams and alternately actuating the salami}; whereby the two valves are simultaneously operated, the one to close and the other to open its intake port.

: 13. An internal combustion engine including two cylinders each having a piston '30 separating it into two compartments in one of which the explosion occurs and in the 1 other of which a charge of explosive mixture is drawn during the return stroke of the piston, the explosion compartment of each 35 cylinder having an independent passage communicating separately with the opposite compartment of the other cylinder, by oppositely located ports, valve mechanism for controlling the two ports, the said Inechanism being' mounted to reciprocate and provided with cams, and means acting on the said cams for alternately actuating the said mechanism, whereby both valves are simultaneously operated, the one to open and the other to close its port, the pistons being so arranged that each, during its working stroke, is cushioned by the charge of explosive mixture which is forced out of its cylinder into the explosion compartment of the other cylinder.

-14. An internal combustion engine, comprising two cooperating cylinders, a piston separating each cylinder into two compartments, in one of which the explosion occurs in. each cylinder, a connection between the two cylinders whereby as the piston of either cylinder is moved from the explosive compartment toward the opposite compartment,

a charge of explosive mixture is forced from the last named compartment of the cylinder, into the explosive compartment of the other cylinder, the pistons of the two cylinders being arranged to move simultaneously in opposite directions, valves for controlling the entrance of the explosive mixture into the explosive compartment of each cylinder,

a cam connected with each valve, rods engaging the said cams, the cams being connected to reciprocate in unison, whereby when one valve is opened the other is closed, and means for reciprocating the rods, whereby they act alternately on the two cams.

15. An internal combustion engine, consisting of two coiiperating cylinders, a piston separating each cylinder into two com-' partments, in one of, which the explosion occurs in each cylinder, the explosive compartment of each cylinder having a passage (between the two valves, whereby they move rods engaging the valves, whereby the valves are. simultaneously actuated, means for rein communication With the opposite com- I partment of the other cylinder, valves for i controlling the said passages, a connection the other rod, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HAR Y eam -Gi s Ross.

in unison, acam connected with each valve,

,ciprocating the rods, whereby they act'al- Witnessesz ternat 1y upon'the cams, the cams being an W. O. TEMPLE, ranged to cause the valves to move in one A; W. QBRIEN.

Gopies of tliis'patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing me Commissioner otc ratents,

' Washington, D. 0.!

direction when acted uiJon by one rod, and in the opposite direction when actedupon by

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