UA59339C2 - EFFECTIVE suborbital wireless telecommunication system AND A METHOD FOR THE REALIZATION OF A WIRELESS telecommunication SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

A wireless telecommunications system comprising a plurality of telecommunications nodes (28) that include receivers and transmitters that are located in a sub-orbital plane. The telecommunications signals are broadband digital radio signals which are modulated by code division multiple access spread spectrum technology. The receivers include a plurality of antennae (48) that are operative to receive relatively weak telecommunications signals and which use spatial processing to identify their source so that maximum utilization of the spectrum is made available for use by the telecommunications signals without interference.

Description

Description of the invention

This patent application is a partial continuation of the application with serial number 08/100 037, dated July 30, 1993 2 entitled "Suborbital Altitude Telecommunication System".

The field of technology.

The present invention relates to a telecommunication system, and in particular to a telecommunication system operating at the suborbital level and providing greater productivity and efficiency in the use of telecommunication channels.

Technical level.

The growth of cellular telecommunications has led to a tense situation regarding the industry's ability to satisfactorily maintain the saturation of the resulting telecommunications airwaves. Therefore, users of current analog cellular telecommunications systems find that they need to wait for a telecommunications channel to become available before making a connection. There is also a situation where the processing of the call can be hindered by noise or one of the more intense negotiations in terms of signal level.

Sometimes a call may be interrupted in the process of processing if one of the parties moves to a cellular network cell that does not currently have an available telecommunications channel.

This problem was further compounded by the fact that there are only a limited number of frequencies available for cellular communication. So this problem is expected to become very serious with the spread of cellular telecommunications.

The industry has developed several improved analog and digital technologies that are successfully used to increase the number of communication channels within a limited frequency range.

The most important of these technologies is time-division multiple access (time division multiple access,

TOMA) and code-division multiple access (code division multiple access, SOMA). with

TOMA is the most widespread technology. It allows you to use one channel. (3 connections for several calls. Each call is placed in a separate discrete time interval of the cycle of telecommunication signals, thus improving efficiency. SOMA uses a wide spectrum band for telecommunication signals to achieve the required efficiency. Call recognition is carried out by superimposing a discriminating "noise" signal, on top of each communication signal, which provides its differentiation from other signals in the cellular cell. The receiver, with the help of a computer, deciphers the superimposed "noise" signal and identifies the call, after which it localizes the communication signal. "Frequency hopping" is a form of SOMA that spreads the call across multiple frequencies, using a code to identify the sequence of frequencies used.

Moreover, work was carried out in the aspect of working out topics that could identify weak signals 325 emitted by one cellular communication cell and separate them from other signals emitted by the same cell, so that when combining them with digital multiple access technology such as SOMA, the number of available communication channels is greatly increased.

Attempts to increase the availability of communication channels also include attempts to make cells smaller and "reduce the expenditure of energy required for communication with the base station." This follows from the fact that a weak signal C has limited opportunities for amplification. Thus, since its power is quickly dissipated, the same c frequency can be used within the neighboring cell for other calls.

From" However, in order to provide the necessary number of cells that support a large volume

Telecommunications should arrange a lot of base stations. Some experts estimate that at least 100,000 cells are needed to cover densely populated metropolitan areas in the United States. Each cell would need its own fixed antenna tower. and-y In addition, an enormously complex computer system would be required to handle call movement as cell phones move from one cell zone to another, and to manage the reuse of frequencies assigned to individual calls . o There is no certainty that within a reasonable cost and in a reasonable time. so 20 The problem can be solved based on the system located on the surface of the earth. Yes, as long as the typical limitations associated with such a system, such as line-of-sight obstructions, signal attenuation due to reflection and absorption defects, horizon limitations, are removed by reducing the size and increasing the number of cells, geographic, political, environmental and social factors may prevent antenna towers from being placed in certain areas, thereby making a cell 22 of the required size impossible in those locations.

GF) A satellite system where each satellite functions as a nodal base station and contributes to the creation of a cellular network is free from these problems. However, such a system requires relatively powerful transmitters, since the orbits of communication satellites are located approximately 22,500 miles from the earth's surface. Further, as long as they are not geosynchronous, it is required to install means to transmit signals from one satellite to another as they pass over a given point on the earth's surface. In addition, as for terrestrial communication nodes, means of transmission are necessary when processing call movements from one cell to another.

In addition, satellite systems require huge start-up costs and cannot be repaired.

Thus, taking into account the above, the present invention proposes a wireless telecommunication network system consisting of a plurality of telecommunication nodes located at the suborbital level. Each of these nodes includes means for transmitting and receiving broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals over a wireless communication channel.

Telecommunication signals are modulated using code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum. Means of transmission and reception of wireless digital telecommunication signals

Include a plurality of antennas adapted to receive relatively weak telecommunication signals from the source. Means are provided for deciphering the telecommunication signals received from each of said antennas so that the node is able to identify the source; and the antenna and decoding means are capable of increasing the sensitivity of the node so that it is capable of transmitting and receiving relatively weak telecommunications signals; while the maximum use of the spectrum makes them suitable for use in 70 telecommunication signals without interference.

Description of figures

The invention may be better understood when considering the attached figures in its most acceptable form, in which the following is shown.

Figure 1 is a schematic view showing a telecommunications system constructed in accordance with the currently most preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation explaining an aspect of the receiving and decoding means.

Description of an acceptable embodiment

In Fig. 1 shows System 1, as described in patent application serial Mo. 08/100 037, includes a ground-based part 2 and an air-based part C. Air part C can be placed at an altitude of about 12 to 35 miles above the earth's surface.

The ground part 2 may include a conventional telephone branch network 4, which is connected to ground stations 5, 6 and 7 having sufficient means for long range transmission and reception, such as antennas 8, 9 and 10.

The ground part 2 may also include mobile telephones of well-known types, such as cellular telephones, which can be carried with individuals 11 or vehicles 12. Antennas 8, 9 and 10 transmit and receive telecommunication signals to and from the suborbital high-altitude relay station 13. , located at an altitude of 12 to 35 miles above the surface of the earth. This height is chosen so that the operation of the station does not depend on i) weather defects, and thus the relay station would not experience loads associated with a sudden change in weather.

It is desirable to install a sufficient number of relay stations 13, each of them includes a balloon 14, which Ge! zo Maintains the height and stay of the station at a certain place above the earth's surface by means of the control module 15, which is connected by means of the control antennas 16 to the communication antenna 17 and further to the surface, as described in the mentioned application with serial Mo 08/100 037, from 3 July 1993, p

As is well known, each relay station 13 contains means for receiving a telephone telecommunication signal from one of the ground stations 6,7 and 8, individuals 11 and 18 or vehicles 12 and 19; after that transmits the received signal to another ground station b and 7, to an individual 18 or to a vehicle 19 either directly or with the help of another relay station 25.

The communication channel established in this way can be simplex, duplex or half-duplex. Only the signal is returned to the land-based part 2 of system 1, the telecommunications call being terminated in the normal way, as it would be done by a land-based cable telephone system by the corresponding switches 20, 21 and 22. The switches may be of any type that handles telecommunications signals , with c including digital or analog. . As is well known, each of the relay stations 13 defines a node in the telecommunications system, when thus, each node defines a "cell" of cellular communication. It is desirable that each of the nodes includes means for transmitting and receiving broadband digital telecommunication radio signals over a wireless telecommunication channel. It is desirable that the telecommunication channel has a frequency band, the width of which is 5 4 MHz. c The telecommunications signal should preferably be modulated using code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum. In order to make the most efficient use of the available IR frequencies in comparison with those currently implemented in SOMA, the cells should be relatively small, and the 2) signal power required for telecommunication communication should be very low. This will improve the quality of 5o frequency reuse and reduce interference. However, the reduced signal strength makes it difficult for base stations to detect its movement, especially for cellular phones.

Ge) It is necessary to install a detection system that includes a sufficient set of antennas 23 and decoders 24 at each of the relay stations. A type definition system similar to the described spatial definition system is used (GOKVE5 ABZAR, 5.06.1995; pp. 125 - 141). The system processes the signal received from each of the antennas in its set. The transmitter identifies the decoded signal and its location in the cellular cell. Thus, as soon as even a very weak signal, which would normally be (F, lost), is received by the detection system, it can be recognized and processed to complete the telecommunications link.

The advantages of the combination of SOMA in the broadband spectrum and the detection system including the array of antennas described above become even more compelling thanks to the placement at the suborbital level, because all the disadvantages of both ground-based and satellite systems are eliminated, while their advantages, such as as vertical signal amplification, are maintained with a simultaneous increase in the use of the telecommunications frequency spectrum. Further, signal power requirements can be reduced and, accordingly, the weight of transmitters in network nodes can be reduced. In addition, the number of transmitters can also be reduced with the use of modulation techniques. 65 Thus, a large number of telecommunication channels can be allocated in each cell defined by a separate cellular node without the side problems of interference aggravated by transient defects, reflections, reuse of the same frequency, and others.

In addition, the relatively high power requirements that would appear in such a telecommunications system if it were based on satellites are not necessary.

It is assumed that the described system will use multiple access technology with code separation in the broadband spectrum, accompanied by technologies of direct sequence of operations and/or frequency hopping.

Furthermore, until the frequency allocation for the telecommunications system is determined, it should be assumed that they may be the same as in terrestrial or satellite telecommunications. 70 Furthermore, until the frequency allocation for the telecommunications system is determined, it should be concluded that they may be the same as in terrestrial or satellite telecommunications. In the same way, for the present invention, it applies to frequencies already used exclusively for telecommunication purposes.

Despite the fact that this invention is described with respect to certain forms and specific embodiments, other forms of embodiment of this invention will be apparent to a person skilled in the art in accordance with this description. So the field of application of 7/5 of the present invention is limited only by the following formula, and not only by the given description.

Claims (38)

Formula of the invention 20 1. Highly efficient suborbital high-altitude telecommunication system, including a set of telecommunication nodes; said nodes are located in the suborbital plane at an altitude of approximately 12 to 35 miles from the surface of the Earth; each of the mentioned nodes includes means for transmitting and receiving broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals, which are modulated by means of code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum, and said means for transmitting and receiving said tepecocommunication radio signals, which is characterized by the fact that in addition a set of antennas is included, capable of providing reception from the source of relatively weak telecommunication signals; means for decoding (o) telecommunication signals received from each of said antennas so that said node can identify said source, and said antennas and said decoding means are configured to increase the sensitivity of said node so that it can detect and receive relatively weak Pho zo telecommunication signals, so that the most effective use of the mentioned spectrum is achieved without interference. at 2. The system according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum is a direct access sequence. C. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said code division multiple access technology (22) with 5 V wideband spectrum is frequency hopping. yu 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said wireless telecommunication channel has a bandwidth equal to 4.0 MHz. 5. The system according to claim 1, which differs in that each of the mentioned nodes is stationary relative to its location on the Earth's surface. "20 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said means for transmitting and receiving broadband digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel include: at least one transmitter and one receiver, and said transmitter and receiver carrying a plurality of duplex: » telecommunication channels. 7. The system according to claim 6, which is characterized by the fact that said transmitter is a low-power transmitter and has a low weight. sl 8. The system of claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that it includes: a ground-based telecommunications network and means for connecting said wireless telecommunications network system to said ground-based telecommunications network. with 9. The system of claim 8, wherein said means for connecting said wireless telecommunications network system to said land-based telecommunications network includes a switch. Ge; 10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that said switches are digital. 11. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that said switches are analog. 12. The system according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that said nodes are supported by balloons. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein said wireless telecommunications frequencies are the same as those allocated for terrestrial telecommunications. (F; 14. The system of claim 1, characterized in that said means for transmitting and receiving broadband, GI digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel include: at least one transmitter and one receiver, and said transmitter and receiver carrying multiple simplex telecommunication channels . 15. The system according to claim 14, characterized in that said transmitter is a low power transmitter and has a low weight. 16. The system of claim 1, characterized in that said means for transmitting and receiving broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel include: at least ONE transmitter and one receiver, and said transmitter and receiver carrying multiple half-duplex telecommunication channels. 17. The system according to claim 16, characterized in that said transmitter is a low-power transmitter and has a low weight. 18. The system of claim 1, wherein said wireless telecommunication frequencies are the same as those allocated for orbital telecommunications. 19. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said wireless telecommunication frequencies are exclusively used by said telecommunication system. 20. The method of creating wireless telecommunications, according to which a plurality of telecommunication nodes are installed, while the mentioned nodes form a network of placement of the mentioned nodes in the suborbital plane at a height of 70 from 12 to 35 miles above the surface of the Earth, providing each of the mentioned nodes with means for transmitting and receiving broadband , digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel, provide each of said nodes with a plurality of antennas, characterized in that said antennas are capable of receiving relatively weak telecommunication signals from the source, which are modulated using code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum, 7/5 deciphering said telecommunication signals received by each of said antennas such that said node can identify said source, and ensuring that said antennas and said decoding means are capable of increasing the sensitivity of said nodes so that they can d detect and receive relatively weak telecommunication signals, while achieving the most effective use of the mentioned spectrum without interference. 21. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned code division multiple access technology in the broadband spectrum is modified by a direct access sequence. 22. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned multiple access technology with code separation in the broadband spectrum is modified by frequency jumps. 23. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the said wireless telecommunication channel has a width c ov of the frequency band, which is equal to 4.0 MHz. 24. The method according to claim 20, which differs in that each of the mentioned nodes is performed stationary relative to i) the point of its placement on the Earth's surface. 25. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned stage of transmission and reception of broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel includes: establishing a set of Ge! of transmitters and receivers, and the transmission by each of said transmitters of a plurality of duplex telecommunication channels. at 26. The method according to claim 25, which differs in that said transmitters are low-power transmitters and have a small weight. 27. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the stages of: establishing a ground-based (22) telecommunications network and connecting said wireless telecommunications network system with said ground-based telecommunications network. 28. The method according to claim 27, which is characterized in that switches are installed to connect said wireless telecommunications network system with said land-based telecommunications network. " 29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that said switches are digital. from the village 30. The method according to claim 28, which is characterized in that said switches are analog. 31. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that it includes the stage of supporting the mentioned nodes with the help of ;" balloons 32. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that said wireless telecommunication frequencies are the same as those allocated for terrestrial telecommunications. with 33. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned stage of transmission and reception of broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel includes: an installation stage, and at least one transmitter and one receiver, and said transmitter and receiver carry many 2) simplex telecommunication channels. 34. The method according to claim 33, which differs in that said transmitters are low-power transmitters and have a small weight. Gee) 35. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that the mentioned stage of transmission and reception of broadband, digital telecommunication radio signals in a wireless telecommunication channel includes: the installation stage of at least one transmitter and one receiver, and said transmitter and receiver carry many duplex telecommunication channels. 36. The method according to claim 35, which differs in that the mentioned transmitters are low-power transmitters and have (Ф, low weight. ka 37. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that said wireless telecommunication frequencies are the same as those allocated for orbital telecommunications. in 38. The method according to claim 20, which is characterized by the fact that said wireless telecommunication frequencies are exclusively used by said telecommunication system. b5