TWI696612B - 具有環烷基吡啶基的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類及含有該化合物的農園藝用殺蟲劑以及其使用方法 - Google Patents
具有環烷基吡啶基的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類及含有該化合物的農園藝用殺蟲劑以及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI696612B TWI696612B TW105102601A TW105102601A TWI696612B TW I696612 B TWI696612 B TW I696612B TW 105102601 A TW105102601 A TW 105102601A TW 105102601 A TW105102601 A TW 105102601A TW I696612 B TWI696612 B TW I696612B
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- halo
- acid
- methyl
- heterocyclic compound
- Prior art date
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- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 49
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- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
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- 125000004454 (C1-C6) alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C BWHDROKFUHTORW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritosulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002753 trypsin inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JABYJIQOLGWMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N undec-4-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=CCCC JABYJIQOLGWMQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N valifenalate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(CC(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 DBXFMOWZRXXBRN-LWKPJOBUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N vamidothion Chemical compound CNC(=O)C(C)SCCSP(=O)(OC)OC LESVOLZBIFDZGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002435 venom Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000611 venom Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000001048 venom Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000007063 yellowwood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N {2-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)propyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl}(imidazol-1-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(=O)N1C(C)(C)COC1(C)CCCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FJBGIXKIXPUXBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於以具有環烷基吡啶基的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分之農園藝用殺蟲劑以及該使用方法。
迄今作為農園藝用殺蟲劑已探討了各式各樣的化合物,已有報告某種稠合雜環化合物作為殺蟲劑係有用的(參照例如專利文獻1~7)。於相關文獻中,完全未揭示環烷基吡啶基與稠合雜環結合的化合物。
[專利文獻1]日本特開2009-280574號公報
[專利文獻2]日本特開2010-275301號公報
[專利文獻3]日本特開2011-79774號公報
[專利文獻4]日本特開2012-131780號公報
[專利文獻5]國際公開第2012/086848號小冊
[專利文獻6]國際公開第2014/142135號小冊
[專利文獻7]國際公開第2014/715號小冊
在農業及園藝等作物生產中,因害蟲等所致的損害現今仍大,且由於對既有藥劑有抵抗性之害蟲之產生等主要因素,而冀望一種新穎農園藝用殺蟲劑之開發。
本發明人等為了解決上述課題進行深入探討的結果,發現通式(1)所表示之具有環烷基吡啶基等的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,係對於農園藝用害蟲有優良的防治效果,遂而完成本發明。
即,本發明係關於:
{式中,R1表示:(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;(a2)(C3-C6)環烷基;(a3)(C2-C6)烯基;或(a4)(C2-C6)炔基;R2表示:(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;(b2)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基;(b3)鹵(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基;(b4)(C1-C6)烷硫基;或
(b5)於環上具有可相同或相異之選自下列的1~2個取代基的(C3-C6)環烷基:(a)鹵素原子、(b)氰基、(c)氰基(C1-C6)烷基、(d)甲醯基、(e)羥基(C1-C6)烷基、(f)鹵(C1-C6)烷基、(g)(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(h)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(i)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(j)(C1-C6)烷硫基(C1-C6)烷基、(k)(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基(C1-C6)烷基、(l)(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基(C1-C6)烷基、(m)(C1-C6)烷基羰基、(n)羧基、(o)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(p)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(q)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(r)(C1-C6)烷基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(s)(C3-C6)環烷基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(t)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(u)R5(R6)N基(式中,R5及R6可相同或相異,表示:氫原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基、鹵(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基、(C1-C6)
烷氧基羰基、或二(C1-C6)烷基胺基羰基(其中,二(C1-C6)烷基胺基之烷基可為相同或相異));(v)R5(R6)N(C1-C6)烷基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)、(w)R5(R6)N羰基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)、(x)R5(R6)N羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基,(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)及(y)C(R5)=NOR6基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同);R3表示:(c1)鹵素原子;(c2)氰基;(c3)硝基;(c4)(C1-C6)烷基;(c5)(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c6)(C2-C6)烯氧基;(c7)(C2-C6)炔氧基;(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c10)鹵(C2-C6)烯氧基;(c11)鹵(C2-C6)炔氧基;(c12)(C1-C6)烷硫基;(c13)(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基;(c14)(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基;(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;(c16)鹵(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基或(c17)鹵(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基;
A、A2及A3表示CH或氮原子,A1表示O、S、或N-R4(其中,R4表示:(d1)(C1-C6)烷基;(d2)(C3-C6)環烷基;(d3)(C2-C6)烯基;或(d4)(C2-C6)炔基);惟,A1為N-R4的情形,A2、A3同時為氮原子的情形除外;m表示0、1、或2,n表示1或2}。
[2]如[1]記載之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,其中R1為(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2為(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;(b4)(C1-C6)烷硫基;或(b5)於環上具有可相同或相異之選自下列的1~2個取代基的(C3-C6)環烷基:(b)氰基、(c)氰基(C1-C6)烷基、(d)甲醯基、(e)羥基(C1-C6)烷基、(f)鹵(C1-C6)烷基、(g)(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(h)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(i)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(j)(C1-C6)烷硫基(C1-C6)烷基、(k)(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基(C1-C6)烷基、
(l)(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基(C1-C6)烷基、(m)(C1-C6)烷基羰基、(n)羧基、(o)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(p)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(q)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(r)(C1-C6)烷基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(s)(C3-C6)環烷基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(t)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(u)R5(R6)N基(式中,R5及R6表示可相同或相異之氫原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基、鹵(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基、(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、或二(C1-C6)烷基胺基羰基(其中,二(C1-C6)烷基胺基之烷基可為相同或相異));(v)R5(R6)N(C1-C6)烷基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)、(w)R5(R6)N羰基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)、(x)R5(R6)N羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)及(y)C(R5)=NOR6基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同);R3為(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c12)(C1-C6)烷硫基;或(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;A、A2及A3為CH或氮原子,
A1為O、S、或N-R4(其中R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基),A1為N-R4的情形,A2及A3同時為氮原子的情形除外;m為0、1、或2,n為1。
[3]如[1]記載之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,其中R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;或(b5)於環上具有可相同或相異之選自下列的1~2個取代基的(C3-C6)環烷基:(b)氰基、(n)羧基、(o)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(t)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、或(w)R5(R6)N羰基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同);R3表示(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;A、A2及A3表示氮原子,A1表示N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基,A2及A3同時為氮原子的情形除外);m表示0或2,n表示1。
{式中,R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;(a2)(C3-C6)環烷基;
(a3)(C2-C6)烯基;或(a4)(C2-C6)炔基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;(b2)(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基;(b3)鹵(C3-C6)環烷基(C1-C6)烷基;或(b4)(C1-C6)烷硫基;R3表示(c1)鹵素原子;(c2)氰基;(c3)硝基;(c4)(C1-C6)烷基;(c5)(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c6)(C2-C6)烯氧基;(c7)(C2-C6)炔氧基;(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c10)鹵(C2-C6)烯氧基;(c11)鹵(C2-C6)炔氧基;(c12)(C1-C6)烷硫基;(c13)(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基;(c14)(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基;(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;(c16)鹵(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基;或(c17)鹵(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基;A及A2、A3表示CH或氮原子,A1表示O、S、或N-R4(其中R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基;(d2)(C3-C6)環烷基;(d3)(C2-C6)烯基;或(d4)(C2-C6)炔基);惟,A1為N-R4的情形,A2、A3同時為氮原子的情形除外;m表示0、1、或2,n表示1或2}。
[5]如[4]記載之稠合雜環化合物,其中R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;或(b4)(C1-C6)烷硫基;R3表示(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c12)(C1-C6)烷硫基;或(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;A及A2、A3表示CH或氮原子,A1表示N-R4(其中R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基);m表示0或2,n表示1。
[6]如請求項4記載之稠合雜環化合物,其中R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;R3表示(c8)
鹵(C1-C6)烷基;A及A2、A3表示CH或氮原子,A1表示O、S、或N-R4(其中R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基);m表示0或2,n表示1。
[7]一種農園藝用殺蟲劑,其特徵為含有如[1]至[6]中任一項記載之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分。
[8]一種農園藝用殺蟲劑之使用方法,其特徵為以如[1]至[6]中任一項記載之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類之有效量處理植物或土壤。
[9]一種外部寄生蟲防治劑,其特徵為含有有效量之如[1]至[6]中任一項記載之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分。
本發明之具有環烷基吡啶基的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類不僅作為農園藝用殺蟲劑具有優異的效果,對於寄生在犬或猫之類的寵物動物、或者牛或羊等家畜之體內外的害蟲亦具有效果。
於本發明之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類之通式(1)之定義,「鹵」係意指「鹵素原子」,表示氟原子、氯原子、溴原子、或碘原子。
「(C1-C6)烷基」係表示例如甲基、乙基、正丙基、異丙基、正丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基
、正戊基、異戊基、第三戊基、新戊基、2,3-二甲基丙基、1-乙基丙基、1-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基、正己基、異己基、2-己基、3-己基、2-甲基戊基、3-甲基戊基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基、3,3-二甲基丁基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數1~6個的烷基。
「(C3-C6)環烷基」係表示例如環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基等之碳原子數3~6個之環狀烷基,就「(C1-C6)烷氧基」而言,係表示例如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、異丙氧基、正丁氧基、第二丁氧基、第三丁氧基、正戊氧基、異戊氧基、第三戊氧基、新戊氧基、2,3-二甲基丙氧基、1-乙基丙氧基、1-甲基丁氧基、正己氧基、異己氧基、1,1,2-三甲基丙氧基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數1~6個的烷氧基,就「(C2-C6)烯氧基」而言,係表示例如丙烯氧基、丁烯氧基、戊烯氧基、己烯氧基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數2~6個的烯氧基,就「(C2-C6)炔氧基」而言,係表示例如丙炔氧基、丁炔氧基、戊炔氧基、己炔氧基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數2~6個的炔氧基。
就「(C1-C6)烷硫基」而言,係表示例如甲硫基、乙硫基、正丙硫基、異丙硫基、正丁硫基、第二丁硫基、第三丁硫基、正戊硫基、異戊硫基、第三戊硫基、新戊硫基、2,3-二甲基丙硫基、1-乙基丙硫基、1-甲基丁硫基、正己硫基、異己硫基、1,1,2-三甲基丙硫基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數1~6個的烷硫基,就「(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基」而言,係表示例如甲基亞磺醯基、乙基
亞磺醯基、正丙基亞磺醯基、異丙基亞磺醯基、正丁基亞磺醯基、第二丁基亞磺醯基、第三丁基亞磺醯基、正戊基亞磺醯基、異戊基亞磺醯基、第三戊基亞磺醯基、新戊基亞磺醯基、2,3-二甲基丙基亞磺醯基、1-乙基丙基亞磺醯基、1-甲基丁基亞磺醯基、正己基亞磺醯基、異己基亞磺醯基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基亞磺醯基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數1~6個的烷基亞磺醯基,就「(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基」而言,係表示例如甲基磺醯基、乙基磺醯基、正丙基磺醯基、異丙基磺醯基、正丁基磺醯基、第二丁基磺醯基、第三丁基磺醯基、正戊基磺醯基、異戊基磺醯基、第三戊基磺醯基、新戊基磺醯基、2,3-二甲基丙基磺醯基、1-乙基丙基磺醯基、1-甲基丁基磺醯基、正己基磺醯基、異己基磺醯基、1,1,2-三甲基丙基磺醯基等之直鏈或支鏈狀之碳原子數1~6個的烷基磺醯基。
於上述「(C1-C6)烷基」、「(C2-C6)烯基」、「(C2-C6)炔基」、「(C3-C6)環烷基」、「(C3-C6)環烷基氧基」、「(C1-C6)烷氧基」、「(C2-C6)烯氧基」、「(C2-C6)炔氧基」、「(C1-C6)烷硫基」、「(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基」、「(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基」、「(C2-C6)烯硫基」、「(C2-C6)炔硫基」、「(C2-C6)烯基亞磺醯基」、「(C2-C6)炔基亞磺醯基」、「(C2-C6)烯基磺醯基」、「(C2-C6)炔基磺醯基」、「(C3-C6)環烷基」、「(C1-C6)烷氧基」、「(C2-C6)烯氧基」、「(C2-C6)炔氧基」、「(C3-C6)環烷基硫基」、「(C3-C6)環烷基亞磺醯基」或「(C3-C6)環烷基磺醯基」之可取代的位置亦可被1或2個以上之鹵素原子取代,
取代的鹵素原子為2個以上的情形,鹵素原子可相同或相異。
上述被1或2個以上之鹵素原子取代的取代基係各自表示為「鹵(C1-C6)烷基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔基」、「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基」、「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基氧基」、「鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯氧基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔氧基」、「鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基」、「鹵(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基」、「鹵(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯硫基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔硫基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯基亞磺醯基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔基亞磺醯基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯基磺醯基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔基磺醯基」、「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基」、「鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基」、「鹵(C2-C6)烯氧基」、「鹵(C2-C6)炔氧基」、「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基硫基」、「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基亞磺醯基」或「鹵(C3-C6)環烷基磺醯基」。
「(C1-C6)」、「(C2-C6)」、「(C3-C6)」等之表現係表示各種取代基之碳原子數的範圍。再者,對於上述取代基所連結之基團,亦能以上述定義表示,例如「(C1-C6)烷氧基(C1-C6)烷基」的情形,係表示直鏈或支鏈狀之碳數1~6個的烷氧基與直鏈或支鏈狀之碳數1~6個的烷基鍵結者。
就本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物的鹽類而言,可例示例如鹽酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硝酸鹽、磷酸鹽等之無機酸鹽類;乙酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、馬來酸鹽、草酸鹽、甲烷磺酸鹽、苯磺酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽等之
有機酸鹽類;鈉離子、鉀離子、鈣離子、三甲基銨等之無機或有機鹼之鹽類。
本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物及其鹽類有在其結構式中具有1個或複數個不對稱中心的情況,亦有2種以上之光學異構物及非鏡像異構物存在的情況,本發明為亦包含所有的各個光學異構物及以任意之比例含有該等的混合物者。又,本發明之通式(1)所表示之化合物及其鹽類,亦有其結構式中存在源自碳-碳雙鍵之2種幾何異構物的情形,但本發明為亦包含所有的各個幾何異構物及以任意之比例含有該等的混合物者。
於本發明之一個態樣,通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物及其鹽類較佳為下列的稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類:R1為(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2為(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基、或(b5)於環上具有可相同或相異之選自下列的1~2個取代基的(C3-C6)環烷基:(b)氰基、(n)羧基、(o)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(t)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基氧基(C1-C6)烷基、或(w)R5(R6)N羰基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同);R3為(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;A、A2及A3為氮原子;A1為N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基,A2及A3同時為氮原子的情形除外);m為0、或2,n為1。
本發明之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類可藉由例
如下述製造方法來製造,但本發明並非受限於此等者。
製造方法1
{式中,R1、R2、R3、m、n、A、A1、A2、及A3係與前述相同,X表示鹵素原子,R表示氫原子或C1~C3烷基等}。
步驟[a]之製造方法
通式(1-2)所表示之稠合雜環化合物可藉由使通式(2)所表示之羧酸與通式(3)所表示之雜環化合物於縮合劑、鹼及惰性溶劑的存在下反應,單離或不單離中間體,而接著於酸性條件下反應來加以製造。
就本反應使用的縮合劑而言,可例示例如氰基磷酸二乙酯(DEPC)、羰基二咪唑(CDI)、1,3-二環己基碳二亞胺(DCC)、氯碳酸酯類、碘化2-氯-1-甲基吡啶鎓等,其使用量相對於通式(2)所表示之化合物,只要自1倍莫耳~1.5倍莫耳的範圍適宜選擇來使用即可。
作為鹼,可列舉例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀等之無機鹼類;
乙酸鈉、乙酸鉀等之乙酸鹽類;第三丁醇鉀、甲醇鈉、乙醇鈉等之鹼金屬烷氧化物類;三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯等之三級胺類;吡啶、二甲基胺基吡啶等之含氮芳香族化合物等,其使用量相對於通式(2)所表示之化合物,通常以1倍莫耳~10倍莫耳的範圍使用。
作為本反應使用之惰性溶劑,只要係不顯著阻礙本反應的進行者即可,可例示例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;二乙基醚、甲基第三丁基醚、二烷、四氫呋喃等鏈狀或環狀醚類;乙酸乙酯等酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等醯胺類;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮類;二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone)等極性溶劑等惰性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
因本反應係等莫耳反應,只要等莫耳使用各反應劑即可,但亦可過剩地使用任一反應劑。反應溫度可在室溫至使用之惰性溶劑的沸點區域內進行,反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度而非固定,但只要在數分鐘~48小時的範圍進行即可。
反應結束後,可藉由自反應系統單離或不單離中間體,而使其於酸及惰性溶劑之存在下反應來加以製造。
作為於本反應使用的酸,例如可例示鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸等之無機酸;甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸
、苯甲酸等之有機酸;甲烷磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸等之磺酸、磷酸等,其使用量相對於通式(2-2)所表示之稠合雜環化合物,只要自0.01倍莫耳~10倍莫耳之範圍適宜選擇而使用即可。
作為本反應使用之惰性溶劑,只要係不顯著阻礙本反應的進行者即可,例如可例示苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;二乙基醚、甲基第三丁基醚、二烷、四氫呋喃等鏈狀或環狀醚類;乙酸乙酯等酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等醯胺類;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮類;二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等極性溶劑等惰性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
反應結束後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
步驟[b]之製造方法
本反應可藉由使通式(1-2)所表示之稠合雜環化合物於惰性溶劑中與氧化劑反應,來製造通式(1-1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物。
就本反應使用之氧化劑而言,可列舉過氧化氫水、過氧苯甲酸、m-氯過氧苯甲酸等之過氧化物等。此等氧化劑可於相對於通式(1-2)所表示之稠合雜環化合物為0.8倍莫耳~5倍莫耳的範圍內適宜選擇。
就本反應可使用之惰性溶劑而言,只要是不
顯著阻礙本反應者即可,可列舉例如二乙基醚、四氫呋喃、二烷等鏈狀或環狀醚類;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等之鹵素化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等之鹵素化芳香族烴類;乙腈等之腈類;乙酸乙酯等之酯類;甲酸、乙酸等之有機酸類;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮、水等之極性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
本反應中的反應溫度只要從-10℃至使用之惰性溶劑的回流溫度的範圍內適宜選擇即可。反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度等而變化,並不固定,但只要在數分鐘~48小時的範圍適宜選擇即可。反應結束後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
步驟[c]之製造方法
可使通式(1-1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物與通式(4)所表示之硼酸化合物、或與該化合物等價的化合物(例如環丙基環狀三醇硼酸鈉等),於金屬觸媒、鹼之存在下,於惰性溶劑中,按照文獻記載之方法(有機合成化學協會誌Vol.69 No.7 2011;Chem.Rev.2011,4475;WO2013/018928號小冊)而進行交叉耦合反應,製造通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物。
就本反應可使用之觸媒而言,能使用可入手之0價或2價的鈀金屬或鹽(包含錯合物)等鈀化合物,亦
可被擔持於活性碳等。作為可較佳使用之物,可列舉鈀(0)/碳、乙酸鈀(II)、氯化鈀(II)、雙(三苯基膦)鈀(II)氯、肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)等。
本反應亦可添加配位子而進行反應。就配位子而言,可列舉三苯基膦(PPh3)、甲基二苯基膦(Ph2PCH3)、三呋喃基膦(P(2-furyl)3)、三(o-甲苯基)膦(P(o-tol)3)、三(環己基)膦(PCy3)、二環己基苯基膦(PhPCy2)、三(t-丁基)膦(PtBu3)、2,2’-雙(二苯基膦基)-1,1’-聯萘(BINAP)、二苯基膦基二茂鐵(DPPF)、1,1’-雙(二-t-丁基膦基)二茂鐵(DtBPF)、N,N-二甲基-1-[2-(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵基]乙基胺、1-[2-(二苯基膦基)二茂鐵基]乙基甲基醚、Xantphos(4,5-(雙二苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基二苯并哌喃)等之膦系配位子;或咪唑-2-亞基碳烯類等之膦模擬物(phosphine mimic)配位子(參照應用化學期刊英語國際版(Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English)第36卷、第2163頁(1997年))等。
就本反應可使用之鹼而言,可列舉例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸銫、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀等之無機鹼類;氫化鈉、氫化鉀等之氫化鹼金屬;甲醇鈉、乙醇鈉、第三丁醇鉀等之烷氧化物類。鹼之使用量相對於通式(4)所表示之化合物,通常以約1倍莫耳~5倍莫耳之範圍使用。
就本反應可使用之惰性溶劑而言,只要是不顯著阻礙本反應者即可,可列舉例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、2-丙醇等之醇類;二乙基醚、四氫呋喃、二
烷等鏈狀或環狀醚類;苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;乙腈等之腈類;乙酸乙酯等之酯類;N,N-二甲基甲醯胺、N,N-二甲基乙醯胺、二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等之極性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
本反應中的反應溫度通常只要於約0℃至使用的溶劑的沸點的範圍內進行即可,反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度等而不固定,但只要於數分鐘~48小時的範圍內適宜選擇即可。通式(4)所表示之化合物、或與該化合物等價的化合物,相對於通式(1-1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物,通常於約1倍莫耳~5倍莫耳之範圍內使用。又本反應亦可於例如氮氣或氬氣之類的惰性氣體環境下進行。反應結束後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
製造方法2
{式中,R1、R2、R3、m、n、A、A1、A2、及A3係與前述相同}。
又,通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物可將通式(2-1)所表示之羧酸與通式(3)所表示之雜環化合物按
照上述步驟[a]及或[b]記載的方法而製造。
製造方法3
{式中,R1、R2、R3、m、n、A、A1、A2、及A3係與前述相同}。
又,通式(1-11)所表示之稠合雜環化合物可按照文獻記載的方法(Organic Letters、Vol.9(17)、3469-3472、2007年、Angewandte ChemieInternational Edition、Vol.54(47)、13975-13979、2015),將通式(1-1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物與丙二酸酯類於金屬觸媒、鹼之存在下,於惰性溶劑中進行耦合反應後,於酸性條件下進行水解,之後藉由脫碳酸而製造。
通式(1-12)所表示之稠合雜環化合物係可將通式(1-11)所表示之稠合雜環化合物,按照文獻記載的方法(國際公開第2014/113485號小冊、Journal of Medicinal Chemistry、57(7)、2963-2988;2014)而製造。
通式(1-13)所表示之稠合雜環化合物可藉由
將通式(1-12)所表示之稠合雜環化合物,以通常之方法水解,使其與亞硫醯氯或草醯氯(oxalyl dichloride)等之氯化劑反應,作成羧酸氯化物(carboxylic acid chloride),使其與氨反應而製造。
通式(1-14)所表示之稠合雜環化合物可藉由通常之方法,使通式(1-13)所表示之稠合雜環化合物與氧氯化磷等之氯化劑反應而製造。
製造方法4
{式中,R1、R2、R3、m、n、A、A1、A2、及A3係與前述相同。X表示鹵素原子等之脫離基}。
通式(1-15)所表示之稠合雜環化合物係可將通式(1-1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物按照文獻記載的方法(Modern Arylation Methods、221-269、Wiley-VCH)來製造。
通式(1-16)所表示之稠合雜環化合物係可將通式(1-15)所表示之稠合雜環化合物按照文獻記載的方法(國際公開第2011/115065號小冊)來製造。
通式(1-12)及(1-16)所表示之稠合雜環化合物由於具有甲氧基羰基,可將該官能基誘導為羧酸,藉
由庫爾提斯重排反應(Curtius rearrangement),而製造胺基化合物。又,可將甲氧基羰基藉由氫化鋁等還原,製造醇化合物。
中間體(2)之製造方法
(式中,R1係與前述相同,Boc表示第三丁氧基羰基,R表示C1~C3之烷基,X表示鹵素原子)。
通式(2)所表示之本發明化合物之製造中間體可藉由以下之方法來製造。
將可取得的二氯吡啶羧酸(2-g)按照赫克反應(Heck reaction)、日本特開2005-272338號記載的方法,可合成導入有酯基的吡啶羧酸(2-f)。
吡啶二羧酸酯(2-e)首先藉由將導入有酯基的吡啶羧酸(2-f)與氯化劑等,於惰性溶劑下,使其氯化,可變換為吡啶羧酸氯化物體。
就本反應所使用的溶劑而言,可列舉例如THF、乙二醇二甲基醚、tert-丁基甲基醚、1,4-二烷等
之醚類;甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿等之鹵素化烴類及此等之混合物。就反應所使用的氯化劑而言,可列舉亞硫醯氯、草醯氯(oxalyl dichloride)等。本反應,相對於導入有酯基的吡啶羧酸(2-f)1倍莫耳,氯化劑通常能以1~10倍莫耳之比率來使用。本反應通常只要於0~100℃之範圍內進行即可,反應時間通常為0.1~24小時之範圍。反應結束後,藉由餾除溶劑、過剩的氯化劑等,可製造吡啶羧酸氯化物體。
其次,將該吡啶羧酸氯化物體於鹼及惰性溶劑之存在下,藉由使其與第三丁基醇反應,可製造通式(2-e)所表示之吡啶之第三丁酯化合物。就本反應所使用的溶劑而言,可列舉例如THF、乙二醇二甲基醚、tert-丁基甲基醚、1,4-二烷等之醚類;甲苯、二甲苯等之芳香族烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿等之鹵素化烴類及此等之混合物。就本反應所使用的鹼而言,可列舉例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀等之無機鹼類;乙酸鈉、乙酸鉀等之乙酸鹽類、第三丁醇鉀、甲醇鈉、乙醇鈉等之鹼金屬烷氧化物類;三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯等之三級胺類;吡啶、二甲基胺基吡啶等之含氮芳香族化合物等,其使用量相對於吡啶羧酸氯化物體,通常能於1倍莫耳~10倍莫耳之範圍內使用。
吡啶二羧酸酯(2-d)可藉由使通式(2-e)所表示之吡啶之第三丁酯化合物與通式(5)所表示之化合物於惰性溶劑下反應而製造。
就本反應所使用的鹼而言,可列舉例如氫氧化鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鈉、碳酸氫鉀等之無機鹼類;乙酸鈉、乙酸鉀等之乙酸鹽類;第三丁醇鉀、甲醇鈉、乙醇鈉等之鹼金屬烷氧化物類;三乙胺、二異丙基乙基胺、1,8-二氮雜雙環[5.4.0]十一-7-烯等之三級胺類;吡啶、二甲基胺基吡啶等之含氮芳香族化合物等,其使用量相對於通式(2-e)所表示之第三丁酯化合物,通常於1倍莫耳~10倍莫耳之範圍內使用。
又使用通式(5)所表示之化合物之鹼鹽的情形,亦可不使用鹼。
作為本反應使用之惰性溶劑,只要係不顯著阻礙本反應的進行者即可,可例示例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;二乙基醚、甲基第三丁基醚、二烷、四氫呋喃等鏈狀或環狀醚類;乙酸乙酯等酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等醯胺類;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮類;二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等之極性溶劑等之惰性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
本反應因係等莫耳反應,只要將通式(5)所表示之化合物與通式(2-e)所表示之吡啶之第三丁酯化合物等莫耳使用即可,但亦可將任一者之反應劑過剩地使用。反應溫度可於-10℃至使用的惰性溶劑之沸點區域內進行,反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度等而不固定,但只要於數分鐘~48小時的範圍適宜選擇即可。反應結束
後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
吡啶二羧酸(2-c)可藉由使通式(2-d)所表示之吡啶之第三丁酯化合物於酸及/或惰性溶劑下反應而製造。
就本反應所使用的酸而言,可例示例如鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸等之無機酸;甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸等之有機酸;甲烷磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸等之磺酸等,其使用量相對於通式(2-d)所表示之第三丁酯化合物,只要自1倍莫耳~10倍莫耳之範圍內適宜選擇而使用即可。依據情形,亦可將該酸類作為溶劑使用。
作為本反應使用之惰性溶劑,只要係不顯著阻礙本反應的進行者即可,可例示例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類、氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;二乙基醚、甲基第三丁基醚、二烷、四氫呋喃等鏈狀或環狀醚類;乙酸乙酯等酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等醯胺類;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮類;二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等極性溶劑等惰性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。又將前述酸類作為溶劑使用的情形,亦可不使用溶劑。
反應溫度可於室溫至使用的惰性溶劑之沸點區域內進行,反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度等而不固定,但只要於數分鐘~48小時的範圍適宜選擇即可。
反應結束後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
吡啶羧酸(2-b)係可將通式(2-c)所表示之吡啶羧酸與DPPA(二苯基磷酸疊氮化物)於第三丁基醇存在下,按照J.A.Chem.Soc.1972,94,6203-6205記載之方法來製造。
胺基吡啶羧酸(2-a)可藉由使通式(2-b)所表示之吡啶羧酸化合物於酸、惰性溶劑下反應而製造。
就本反應所使用的酸而言,可例示例如鹽酸、硫酸、硝酸等之無機酸;甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、三氟乙酸、苯甲酸等之有機酸;甲烷磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸等之磺酸等,其使用量相對於通式(2-d)所表示之第三丁酯化合物,只要自1倍莫耳~10倍莫耳之範圍適宜選擇而使用即可。依據情形,亦可作為溶劑使用。
作為本反應使用之惰性溶劑,只要係不顯著阻礙本反應的進行者即可,可例示例如苯、甲苯、二甲苯等芳香烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;氯苯、二氯苯等鹵化芳香烴類;二乙基醚、甲基第三丁基醚、二烷、四氫呋喃等鏈狀或環狀醚類;乙酸乙酯等酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺等醯胺類;丙酮、甲乙酮等酮類;二甲基亞碸、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啶酮等極性溶劑等惰性溶劑,此等惰性溶劑係可單獨地或混合2種以上來使用。
反應溫度可於-10℃至使用的惰性溶劑之沸
點區域內進行,反應時間係依反應規模、反應溫度等而不固定,但只要於數分鐘~48小時的範圍內進行即可。
反應結束後,只要藉由通常方法自含目的物的反應系統將目的物單離即可,可因應需要藉由利用再結晶、管柱層析法等來純化而製造目的物。
鹵吡啶羧酸(2)係可將通式(2-a)所表示之胺基吡啶羧酸化合物,按照所謂山德邁耳反應(Sandmeyer reaction)、Chem.Rev.1988,88,765記載的方法來製造。
中間體(2-1)之製造方法
中間體(3)之製造方法
通式(3)所表示之化合物之製造中間體係周知化合物,例如可藉由WO2012/086848號小冊、WO2014/142135號小冊記載的方法來製造。
其次,以下呈示本發明化合物之具體例。於下述表,Me表示甲基,Et表示乙基,i-Pr表示異丙基,c-Pr表示環丙基,t-Bu表示第三丁基,c-Bu表示環丁基,c-Pent表示環戊基。Ac表示乙醯基。物性表示熔點(℃)或NMR,該資料記載於另一表中。
含有本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分之農園藝用殺蟲劑,係適用於危害水稻、果樹、蔬菜、其他作物及花卉類的各種農林、園藝、儲穀害蟲或衛生害蟲或是線蟲類等害蟲之防治。
就上述害蟲或線蟲類等而言可例示以下者。
作為鱗翅目(Lepidoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如褐邊綠刺蛾(Parasa consocia)、橋夜蛾(Anomis mesogona)、柑橘鳳蝶(Papilio xuthus)、紅豆卷蛾(Matsumuraeses azukivora)、褐翅桿野螟蛾(Ostrinia scapulalis)、莎草黏蟲(Spodoptera exempta)、美國白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、亞洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏蟲(Pseudaletia separata)、衣蛾(Tinea translucens)、尖翅小卷蛾(Bactra furfurana)、直紋稻弄蝶(Parnara guttata)、稻顯紋刷須野螟(Marasmia exigua)、直紋稻弄蝶(Parnara guttata)、大螟(Sesamia inferens)、甘薯陽麥蛾(Brachmia triannulella)、黃刺蛾(Monema flavescens)、粉紋夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)、豆肋膜野螟(Pleuroptya ruralis)、小蜻蜓尺蛾(Cystidia couaggaria)、波紋小灰蝶(Lampides boeticus)、咖啡透翅天蛾(Cephonodes hylas)、棉鈴蟲(Helicoverpa armigera)、曼蠶舟蛾(Phalerodonta manleyi)、大避債蛾(Eumeta japonica)、菜粉蝶(Pieris brassicae)、黃褐天幕毛蟲(Malacosoma neustria testacea)、柿舉肢蛾(Stathmopoda masinissa)、柿細蛾(Cuphodes diospyrosella)、角紋捲葉蛾(Archips xylosteanus)、黃地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、
甘蔗小卷蛾(Tetramoera schistaceana)、北亞黃鳳蝶(Papilio machaon hippocrates)、中華蝠蛾(Endoclyta sinensis)、銀紋潛蛾(Lyonetia prunifoliella)、金紋小潛細蛾(Phyllonorycter ringoneella)、栗白小卷蛾(Cydia kurokoi)、栗綠小卷蛾(Eucoenogenes aestuosa)、葡萄花翅小捲蛾(Lobesia botrana)、中國綠刺蛾(Latoia sinica)、正皮暗斑螟(Euzophera batangensis)、慈姑褐紋卷蛾(Phalonidia mesotypa)、黃領麻紋燈蛾(Spilosoma imparilis)、桑絹野螟(Glyphodes pyloalis)、桑捲葉蛾(Olethreutes mori)、袋衣蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、蝙蝠蛾(Endoclyta excrescens)、谷蛾(Nemapogon granellus)、蘋果透翅蛾(Synanthedon hector)、蘋果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、瘤野螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、非洲大螟(Sesamia calamistis)、三化螟(Scirpophaga incertulas)、蘭草螟蛾(Pediasia teterrellus)、馬鈴薯蠹蛾(Phthorimaea operculella)、蘋蟻舟蛾(Stauropus fagi persimilis)、豆莢螟(Etiella zinckenella)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、白斑蝙蝠蛾(Palpifer sexnotata)、白菜褐夜蛾(Spodoptera mauritia)、稻白螟(Scirpophaga innotata)、八字地老虎(Xestia c-nigrum)、淡劍灰翅夜蛾(Spodoptera depravata)、地中海斑螟(Ephestia kuehniella)、李尺蛾(Angerona prunaria)、分月扇舟蛾(Clostera anastomosis)、大豆尺夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、川豆小卷蛾(Matsumuraeses falcana)、菸草蛾(Helicoverpa assulta)、黑點銀紋夜蛾
(Autographa nigrisigna)、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon)、茶毒蛾(Euproctis pseudoconspersa)、茶姬捲葉蛾(Adoxophyes orana)、茶細蛾(Caloptilia theivora)、捲葉蛾(Homona magnanima)、煙草粉斑螟(Ephestia elutella)、茶避債蛾(Eumeta minuscula)、端扇舟蛾(Clostera anachoreta)、葦實夜蛾(Heliothis maritima)、葡萄長鬚捲蛾(Sparganothis pilleriana)、玉米莖蛀褐夜蛾(Busseola fusca)、折帶黃毒蛾(Euproctis subflava)、褐紋大尺蠖(Biston robustum)、玉米夜蛾(Heliothis zea)、白斑煩夜蛾(Aedia leucomelas)、梨刺蛾(Narosoideus flavidorsalis)、梨劍紋蛾(Viminia rumicis)、梨角折蛾(Bucculatrix pyrivorella)、梨小食心蟲(Grapholita molesta)、梨細蛾(Spulerina astaurota)、梨斑螟(Ectomyelois pyrivorella)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、葱菜蛾(Acrolepiopsis sapporensis)、印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)、菜心螟(Hellula undalis)、麥蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、斜紋夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、捲葉蛾之一種綠豆芽蛾(Eucosma aporema)、草莓長翅卷蛾(Acleris comariana)、球鬚刺蛾(Scopelodes contractus)、旋古毒蛾(Orgyia thyellina)、草地貪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、仟野螟(Ostrinia zaguliaevi)、稻螟蛉(Naranga aenescens)、茶蠶(Andraca bipunctata)、葡萄透翅蛾(Paranthrene regalis)、缺角天蛾(Acosmeryx castanea)、葡萄潛葉蛾(Phyllocnistis toparcha)、葡萄螟蛾(Endopiza viteana)、環針單紋蛾(Eupoecillia ambiguella)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsia
gemmatalis)、細葉灰色葉捲蛾(Cnephasia cinereipalpana)、舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)、赤松毛蟲(Dendrolimus spectabilis)、大豆食心蟲(Leguminivora glycinivorella)、豇豆莢螟(Maruca testulalis)、豆小捲葉蛾(Matsumuraeses phaseoli)、大豆麗細蛾(Caloptilia soyella)、柑橘潛葉蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、豆嚙葉野螟(Omiodes indicata)、杏黃捲蛾(Archips fuscocupreanus)、三斑點金翅夜蛾(Acanthoplusia agnata)、蓑蛾(Bambalina sp.)、桃小食心蟲(Carposina niponensis)、桃蛀野螟蛾(Conogethes punctiferalis)、興透翅蛾類(Synanthedon sp.)、桃潛葉蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、玉斑鳳蝶(Papilio helenus)、紋黃蝶(Colias erate poliographus)、黑紋天社蛾(Phalera flavescens)、日本紋白蝶(Pieris rapae crucivora)、紋白蝶(Pieris rapae)等粉蝶科(Pieridae)、黃尾毒蛾(Euproctis similis)、山芋偽菜蛾(Acrolepiopsis suzukiella)、歐洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、甘藍夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、瘤尺蠖(Ascotis selenaria)、艾草大細捲葉蛾(Phtheochroides clandestina)、北川捲蛾(Hoshinoa adumbratana)、圓斑黃枯葉蝶(Odonestis pruni japonensis)、蘋劍紋夜蛾(Triaena intermedia)、蘋果小捲葉蛾(Adoxophyes orana fasciata)、蘋果小食心蟲(Grapholita inopinata)、蘋白小捲蛾(Spilonota ocellana)、梨白小捲蛾(Spilonota lechriaspis)、梨葉斑蛾(Illiberis pruni)、蘋實巢蛾(Argyresthia conjugella)、蘋果細蛾(Caloptilia zachrysa)、蘋果紋捲
葉蛾(Archips breviplicanus)、小造橋夜蛾(Anomis flava)、紅鈴蟲(Pectinophora gossypiella)、棉捲葉野螟(Notarcha derogata)、瓜絹野螟(Diaphania indica)、煙芽夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)、及鼎點鑽瘤蛾(Earias cupreoviridis)等。
作為半翅目(Hemiptera)害蟲,可列舉例如東方稻綠椿(Nezara antennata)、赤條纖盲椿(Stenotus rubrovittatus)、黑條紅椿象(Graphosoma rubrolineatum)、條赤須盲蝽(Trigonotylus coelestialium)等,赤姬緣椿象(Aeschynteles maculatus)、紅星盲蝽(Creontiades pallidifer)、離斑棉紅椿象(Dysdercus cingulatus)、柑橘褐圓介殼蟲(Chrysomphalus ficus)、橘紅腎圓盾介殼蟲(Aonidiella aurantii)、油蟬(Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata)、麥長椿象(Blissusleucopterus)、吹綿介殼蟲(Icerya purchasi)、璧蝽(Piezodorus hybneri)、稻椿象(Lagynotomus elongatus)、白翅葉蟬(Thaia subrufa)、稻黑椿象(Scotinophara lurida)、月季蚜(Sitobion ibarae)、岩崎椿象(Stariodes iwasakii)、淡薄圓盾介殼蟲(Aspidiotus destructor)、綠盲椿(Taylorilygus pallidulus)、梅瘤蚜(Myzusmumecola)、梅白介殼蟲(Pseudaulacaspis prunicola)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、紋鬚同緣椿象(Anacanthocoris striicornis)、躍盲蝽(Ectometopterus micantulus)、大刺白星樁象(Eysarcoris lewisi)、大緣椿象(Molipteryx fuliginosa)、大青葉蟬(Cicadella viridis)、紅腹縊管蚜(Rhopalosophum rufiabdominalis)、工脊硬
介殼蟲(Saissetia oleae)、溫室粉蝨(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、橡木葉蜂(Aguriahana quercus)、盲椿類(Lygus spp.)、樺綿斑蚜(Euceraphis punctipennis)、柑橘介殼蟲(Andaspis kashicola)、橘軟蠟介殼蟲(Coccus pseudomagnoliarum)、甘蔗長椿象(Cavelerius saccharivorus)、葉背脊網椿(Galeatus spinifrons)、光褐菊蚜(Macrosiphoniella sanborni)、橘黃腎圓盾介殼蟲(Aonidiella citrina)、茶翅椿象(Halyomorpha mista)、一斑冠網蝽(Stephanitis fasciicarina)、樟木虱(Trioza camphorae)、中華稻緣椿(Leptocorisa chinensis)、櫟木蝨(Trioza quercicola)、黃角肩網蝽(Uhlerites latius)、葡萄伴斑葉蟬(Erythroneura comes)、黑足細長椿象(Paromius exiguus)、柘柳重圓盾介殼蟲(Duplaspidiotus claviger)、黑條黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix nigropictus)、庭園盲蝽(Halticiellus insularis)、甘蔗扁角飛虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、蘋果木蝨(Psylla malivorella)、桑木虱(Anomomeura mori)、長尾粉介殼蟲(Pseudococcus longispinis)、桑介殼蟲(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)、桑綿介殼蟲(Pulvinaria kuwacola)、綠盲蝽(Apolygus lucorum)、葫蘆長蝽(Togo hemipterus)、小橘蚜(Toxoptera aurantii)、甘蔗粉介殼蟲(Saccharicoccus sacchari)、蔗根蚜(Geoica lucifuga)、瓶額飛虱(Numata muiri)、梨圓介殼蟲(Comstockaspis perniciosa)、橘矢尖介殼蟲(Unaspis citri)、馬鈴薯蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、白星椿象(Eysarcoris ventralis)、銀葉粉蝨(Bemisia argentifolii)
、大白葉蟬(Cicadella spectra)、常春藤圓盾介殼蟲(Aspidiotus hederae)、粟緣蝽(Liorhyssus hyalinus)、黑背麗木蝨(Calophya nigridorsalis)、白背飛蝨(Sogatella furcifera)、粗尾修尾蚜(Megoura crassicauda)、菜蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、大豆蚜(Aphis glycines)、大稻緣蝽(Leptocorisa oratorius)、二點黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix virescens)、白尾紅蚜(Uroeucon formosanum)、煙草盲椿象(Cyrtopeltis tennuis)、煙草粉蝨(Bemisia tabaci)、歐洲桃蠟介殼蟲(Lecanium persicae)、茶黑星介殼蟲(Parlatoria theae)、茶蚌圓盾介殼蟲(Pseudaonidia paeoniae)、大貫小綠葉蟬(Empoasca onukii)、小珀椿(Plautia stali)、百合西圓尾蚜(Dysaphis tulipae)、馬鈴薯網管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae)、杜鵑冠網椿(Stephanitis pyrioides)、角蠟蟲(Ceroplastes ceriferus)、山茶片盾介殼蟲(Parlatoria camelliae)、淡嬌異蝽(Apolygus spinolai)、偽黑尾葉蟬(Nephotettix cincticeps)、綠豔椿象(Glaucias subpunctatus)、雜毛合墊盲蝽(Orthotylus flavosparsus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、玉米飛蝨(Peregrinus maidis)、尖角二星蝽(Eysarcoris parvus)、溫帶臭蟲(Cimex lectularius)、冷杉木蝨(Psylla abieti)、褐飛蝨(Nilaparvata lugens)、海桐木蝨(Psylla tobirae)、皺紋菜蝽(Eurydema rugosum)、梨二叉蚜(Schizaphis piricola)、梨黄木虱(Psylla pyricola)、梨星片盾介殼蟲(Parlatoreopsis pyri)、梨冠網蝽(Stephanitis nashi)、紫藤灰粉介殼蟲(Dysmicoccus
wistariae)、梨白長介殼蟲(Lepholeucaspis japonica)、梨園尾蚜(Sappaphis piri)、偽菜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)、蔥蚜(Neotoxoptera formosana)、蓮縊管蚜(Rhopalosophum nymphaeae)、薔薇小葉蟬(Edwardsianarosae)、蘇鐵褐點盾蚧(Pinnaspisaspidistrae)、赤楊木虱(Psylla alni)、赤楊長葉蟬(Speusotettix subfusculus)、半姬葉蟬(Alnetoidia alneti)、稗飛虱(Sogatella panicicola)、苜蓿盲蝽(Adelphocoris lineolatus)、姬赤星椿象(Dysdercus poecilus)、黑片盾介殼蟲(Parlatoria ziziphi)、褐角肩網椿(Uhlerites debile)、斑飛蝨(Laodelphax striatella)、大菜椿象(Eurydema pulchrum)、長肩棘緣椿(Cletus trigonus)、一點鏟頭沫蟬(Clovia punctata)、小綠葉蟬類(Empoasca sp.)、扁堅介殼蟲(Coccus hesperidum)、草鼓胸長蝽(Pachybrachius luridus)、臀紋粉介殼蟲(Planococcus kraunhiae)、双斑盲蝽(Stenotus binotatus)、葡萄浮塵子(Arboridia apicalis)、紫菀點葉蟬(Macrosteles fascifrons)、斑須蝽(Dolycoris baccarum)、三環苜蓿盲蝽(Adelphocoris triannulatus)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、瘤緣椿象(Acanthocoris sordidus)、禾蛛緣椿象(Leptocorisa acuta)、瘤腹巨股長蝽(Macropes obnubilus)、稻棘緣蝽(Cletus punctiger)、大豆細緣椿象(Riptortus clavatus)、馬鈴薯木虱(Paratrioza cockerelli)、柳尖胸沫蟬(Aphrophora costalis)、日本草盲蝽(Lygus disponsi)、東亞草盲蝽(Lygus saundersi)、松粉介殼蟲(Crisicoccus pini)、松小葉蟬(Empoasca abietis)、松本粉
介殼蟲(Crisicoccus matsumotoi)、黑豆蚜(Aphis craccivora)、臭蝽(Megacopta punctatissimum)、圓白星椿象(Eysarcoris guttiger)、牡蠣介殼蟲(Lepidosaphes beckii)、柑橘木蝨(Diaphorina citri)、橘蚜(Toxoptera citricidus)、柑橘粉介殼蟲(Planococcus citri)、柑桔裸粉蝨(Dialeurodes citri)、柑橘刺粉蝨(Aleurocanthus spiniferus)、柑橘小粉介殼蟲(Pseudococcus citriculus)、柑橘姬葉蟬(Zyginella citri)、橘棉蠟介殼蟲(Pulvinaria citricola)、柑橘介殼蟲(Coccus discrepans)、山茶圓介殼蟲(Pseudaonidia duplex)、柑橘綿介殼蟲(Pulvinaria aurantii)、李蠟介殼蟲(Lecanium corni)、稻綠蝽(Nezara viridula)、二刺狹盲蝽(Stenodema calcaratum)、稻麥蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、長角麥蚜(Sitobion akebiae)、麥二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、麥葉蟬(Sorhoanus tritici)、光管舌尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、紫翅果蝽(Carpocoris purpureipennis)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、桃粉蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、粉蚜居梨亞種(Aphis farinose yanagicola)、楊柳網蝽(Metasalis populi)、箭頭介殼蟲(Unaspis yanonensis)、黄槿木虱(Mesohomotoma camphorae)、捲葉蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、蘋果蚜(Aphis pomi)、榆蠣盾介殼蟲(Lepidosaphes ulmi)、蘋木虱(Psylla mali)、黄足鱗毛盲蝽(Heterocordylus flavipes)、蘋果瘤蚜(Myzus malisuctus)、蘋果爪綿蚜(Aphidonuguis mali)、蘋果斑點葉蟬(Orientus ishidai)、蘋果綠蚜蟲(Ovatus malicolens)、蘋果棉蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum)、紅蠟介殼
蟲(Ceroplastes rubens)、及棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)等。
作為鞘翅目(Coleoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如青條天牛(Xystrocera globosa)、紅胸隱翅蟲(Paederus fuscipes)、金邊青花金龜(Eucetonia roelofsi)、綠豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis)、甘藷蟻象(Cylas formicarius)、苜蓿象鼻蟲(Hypera postica)、稻象鼻蟲(Echinocnemus squameus)、稻負泥蟲(Oulema oryzae)、長腿水葉甲(Donacia provosti)、水稻水象鼻蟲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、甘薯猿葉蟲(Colasposoma dauricum)、甘藷象鼻蟲(Euscepes postfasciatus)、墨西哥豆瓢蟲(Epilachna varivestis)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、西方玉米根蟲(Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)、李虎象(Involvulus cupreus)、黃守瓜(Aulacophora femoralis)、豌豆象鼻蟲(Bruchus pisorum)、馬鈴薯瓢蟲(Epilachna vigintioctomaculata)、黑出尾蟲(Carpophilus dimidiatus)、甜菜大龜甲(Cassida nebulosa)、粗背寡毛跳甲(Luperomorpha tunebrosa)、黃條葉蚤(Phyllotreta striolata)、黃星天牛(Psacothea hilaris)、台灣黃斑山天牛(Aeolesthes chrysothrix)、蒙櫟象(Curculio sikkimensis)、醬曲露尾甲(Carpophilus hemipterus)、小青花金龜(Oxycetonia jucunda)、根螢葉甲類(Diabrotica spp.)、豔金龜(Mimela splendens)、玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais)、擬榖盜(Tribolium castaneum)、米象(Sitophilus oryzae)、亞扁穀盜(Palorus subdepressus)、大栗鰓角金龜(Melolontha japonica)、星天牛(Anoplophora
malasiaca)、大點擬粉蟲(Neatus picipes)、科羅拉多金花蟲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、南方玉米根蟲(Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi)、獵長喙象(Sphenophorus venatus)、十四斑窄頸金花蟲(Crioceris quatuordecimpunctata)、李象鼻蟲(Conotrachelus nenuphar)、蘿蔔猿象鼻蟲(Ceuthorhynchidius albosuturalis)、甘藍金花蟲(Phaedon brassicae)、菸甲蟲(Lasioderma serricorne)、日本根瘤象(Sitona japonicus)、斑點喙麗金龜(Adoretus tenuimaculatus)、黃粉蟲(Tenebrio molitor)、褐頭角胸葉甲(Basilepta balyi)、小車軸草葉象鼻蟲(Hypera nigrirostris)、甜菜跳甲(Chaetocnema concinna)、古銅異麗金龜(Anomala cuprea)、茶色長金龜(Heptophylla picea)、茄二十八星瓢蟲(Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)、長角葉甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、花金龜(Eucetonia pilifera)、叩頭蟲類(Agriotes spp.)、黑毛皮蠹(Attagenus unicolor japonicus)、斑鞘豆金花蟲(Pagria signata)、大豆赤金龜(Anomala rufocuprea)、姬粉盗(Palorus ratzeburgii)、姬擬步行蟲(Alphitobius laevigatus)、小圓皮蠹(Anthrenus verbasci)、褐粉蠹(Lyctus brunneus)、扁擬榖盜(Tribolium confusum)、黑條麥螢葉甲(Medythia nigrobilineata)、葡萄虎天牛(Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus)、黃瓜跳甲(Epitrix cucumeris)、縱坑切梢小蠹(Tomicus piniperda)、松斑天牛(Monochamus alternatus)、日本豆金龜(Popillia japonica)、豆斑蝥(Epicauta gorhami)、玉米象(Sitophilus
zeamais)、日本蘋虎象(Rhynchites heros)、蔬菜象鼻蟲(Listroderes costirostris)、四紋豆象(Callosobruchus maculatus)、蘋霜綠樹葉象蟲(Phyllobius armatus)、蘋果開花象鼻蟲(Anthonomus pomorum)、榿木綠葉甲(Linaeidea aenea)、及棉鈴象鼻蟲(Anthonomus grandis)等。
作為雙翅目(Diptera)害蟲,可列舉例如淡色庫蚊(Culex pipiens pallens)、甜菜潛葉蠅(Pegomya hyoscyami)、南美斑潛蠅(Liriomyza huidobrensis)、家蠅(Musca domestica)、稻稈潛蠅(Chlorops oryzae)、水稻黑桿蠅(Hydrellia sasakii)、日本稻潛蠅(Agromyza oryzae)、水稻潛葉蠅(Hydrellia griseola)、稻水際蠅(Hydrellia griseola)、菜豆潛葉蠅(Ophiomyia phaseoli)、瓜實蠅(Dacus cucurbitae)、斑翅果蠅(Drosophila suzukii)、日本櫻桃實蠅(Rhacochlaena japonica)、畜廄腐蠅(Muscina stabulans)、東亞異蚤蠅(Megaselia spiracularis)等之蚤蠅科(Phoridae)、白斑蛾蚋(Clogmia albipunctata)、稻大蚊(Tipula aino)、伏蠅(Phormia regina)、三斑家蚊(Culex tritaeniorhynchus)、中華瘧蚊(Anopheles sinensis)、甘藍種蠅(Hylemya brassicae)、大豆莢癭蠅(Asphondylia sp.)、灰地種蠅(Delia platura)、蔥地種蠅(Delia antiqua)、櫻桃實蠅(Rhagoletis cerasi)、地下家蚊(Culex pipiens molestus Forskal)、地中海果實蠅(Ceratitis capitata)、庫拓果實蠅(Bradysia agrestis)、肖藜泉蠅(Pegomya cunicularia)、蔬菜斑潛蠅(Liriomyza sativae)、蕃茄斑潛
蠅(Liriomyza bryoniae)、豌豆彩潛蠅(Chromatomyia horticola)、蔥潛蠅(Liriomyza chinensis)、熱帶家蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、埃及斑蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白線斑蚊(Aedes albopictus)、非洲菊斑潛蠅(Liriomyza trifolii)、蔬菜斑潛蠅(Liriomyza sativae)、東方果實蠅(Dacus dorsalis)、蜜柑大實蠅(Dacus tsuneonis)、麥紅吸漿蟲(Sitodiplosis mosellana)、黑腹麥杆蠅(Meromuza nigriventris)、墨西哥果實蠅(Anastrepha ludens)、及蘋果果實蠅(Rhagoletis pomonella)等。
作為膜翅目(Hymenoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如堅硬雙針家蟻(Pristomyrmex pungens)、蟻形蜂科(Bethylidae)、小黃家蟻(Monomorium pharaonis)、大林大頭蟻(Pheidole noda)、紅角菜葉蜂(Athalia rosae)、栗癭蜂(Dryocosmus kuriphilus)、日本山蟻(Formica fusca japonica)、胡蜂亞科(Vespinae)、黑背白蘿蔔葉蜂(Athalia infumata infumata)、玫瑰三節葉蜂(Arge pagana)、蕪菁葉蜂(Athalia japonica)、切葉蟻屬(Acromyrmex spp.)、火蟻屬(Solenopsis spp.)、蘋果葉蜂(Arge mali)、及光滑管琉璃蟻(Ochetellus glaber)等。
作為直翅目(Orthoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如南方稻草螽(Homorocoryphus lineosus)、螻蛄屬(Gryllotalpa sp.)、小稻蝗(Oxya hyla intricata)、小翅稻蝗(Oxya yezoensis)、東亞飛蝗(Locusta migratoria)、日本稻蝗(Oxya japonica)、擬尖頭草螽(Homorocoryphus jezoensis)、及黃臉油葫蘆(Teleogryllus emma)等。
作為纓翅目(Thysanoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如赤帶薊馬(Selenothrips rubrocinctus)、稻薊馬(Stenchaetothrips biformis)、稻管薊馬(Haplothrips aculeatus)、柿管薊馬(Ponticulothrips diospyrosi)、淡色薊馬(Thrips flavus)、黃呆薊馬(Anaphothrips obscurus)、佛州樟薊馬(Liothrips floridensis)、唐菖蒲薊馬(Thrips simplex)、菊褐斑薊馬(Thrips nigropilosus)、變葉木薊馬(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis)、桑薊馬(Pseudodendrothrips mori)、菊花薊馬(Microcephalothrips abdominalis)、帕氏毛管薊馬(Leeuwenia pasanii)、管薊馬(Litotetothrips pasaniae)、柑橘薊馬(Scirtothrips citri)、中國薊馬(Haplothrips chinensis)、豆雙毛薊馬(Mycterothrips glycines)、日本煙草薊馬(Thrips setosus)、小黃薊馬(Scirtothrips dorsalis)、茶棍薊馬(Dendrothrips minowai)、黑角簡管薊馬(Haplothrips niger)、蔥薊馬(Thrips tabaci)、青蔥薊馬(Thrips alliorum)、花薊馬(Thrips hawaiiensis)、豆簡管薊馬(Haplothrips kurdjumovi)、芒薊馬(Chirothrips manicatus)、台灣花薊馬(Frankliniella intonsa)、花色薊馬(Thrips coloratus)、西方花薊馬(Franklinella occidentalis)、南黃薊馬(Thrips palmi)、百合薊馬(Frankliniella lilivora)及百合滑管薊馬(Liothrips vaneeckei)等。
作為蟎蜱目(Acarina)害蟲,可列舉例如紅纖恙蟎(Leptotrombidium akamushi)、蘆氏葉蟎(Tetranychus ludeni)、美國犬壁蝨(Dermacentor variabilis)、偽二點葉
蟎(Tetranychus truncatus)、柏氏禽刺蟎(Ornithonyssus bacoti)、犬蠕形蟎(Demodex canis)、山楂葉蟎(Tetranychus viennensis)、神澤氏葉蟎(Tetranychus kanzawai)、血紅扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)等硬蜱科(Ixodidae)、馬六甲肉食蟎(Cheyletus malaccensis)、腐食酪蟎(Tyrophagus putrescentiae)、粉塵蟎(Dermatophagoides farinae)、紅背蜘蛛(Latrodectus hasseltii)、台灣革蜱(Dermacentor taiwanicus)、茶尖葉節蜱(Acaphylla theavagrans)、茶細蟎(Polyphagotarsonemus latus)、番茄刺皮癭蟎(Aculops lycopersici)、蘋果刺蟎(Ornithonyssus sylvairum)、二點葉蟎(Tetranychus urticae)、偽梨銹蟎(Eriophyes chibaensis)、人疥蟎(Sarcoptes scabiei)、長角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)、肩胛真壁蝨(Ixodes scapularis)、似食酪蟎(Tyrophagus similis)、普通肉食滿(Cheyletus eruditus)、柑橘葉蟎(Panonychus citri)、莫氏肉食蟎(Cheyletus moorei)、紫紅短須蟎(Brevipalpus phoenicis)、耳癢蟎(Octodectes cynotis)、塵蟎(Dermatophagoides ptrenyssnus)、褐黃血蜱(Haemaphysalis flava)、卵形硬蜱(Ixodes ovatus)、琉球柑橘銹蟎(Phyllocoptruta citri)、蘋果銹蟎(Aculus schlechtendali)、歐洲葉蟎(Panonychus ulmi)、美洲鈍眼蜱(Amblyomma americanum)及雞皮刺蟎(Dermanyssus gallinae)、羅賓根蟎(Rhizoglyphus robini),生卡蟎屬(Sancassania sp.)之一種等。
作為等翅目(Isoptera)害蟲,可列舉例如奄美大白蟻(Reticulitermes miyatakei)、小楹白蟻(Incisitermes minor)、家白蟻(Coptotermes formosanus)、日本濕木蟻(Hodotermopsis japonica)、散白蟻屬(Reticulitermes sp.)、黄肢散白蟻(Reticulitermes flaviceps amamianus)、串本白蟻(Glyptotermes kushimensis)、廣州乳白蟻(Coptotermes guangzhoensis)、恆春新白蟻(Neotermes koshunensis)、兒玉白蟻(Glyptotermes kodamai)、薩摩白蟻(Glyptotermes satsumensis)、大黑白蟻(Cryptotermes domesticus)、台灣白蟻(Odontotermes formosanus)、中島白蟻(Glyptotermes nakajimai)、新渡戶歪白蟻(Pericapritermes nitobei)、及大和白蟻(Reticulitermes speratus)等。
作為蜚蠊目(Blattaria)害蟲,可列舉例如黑褐家蠊(Periplaneta fuliginosa)、德國蟑螂(Blattella germanica)、東方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、棕色家蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、叉紋姬蠊(Blattella lituricollis)、日本蜚蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、及美洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta americana)等。
作為隱翅目(Siphonaptera),可列舉例如人蚤(Pulex irritans)、貓蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、及雞蚤(Ceratophyllus gallinae)等。
作為線蟲類,可列舉例如草莓芽線蟲(Nothotylenchus acris)、葉芽線蟲(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、根腐線蟲(Pratylenchus penetrans)、北方根瘤
線蟲(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)、黃金線蟲(Globodera rostochiensis)、爪哇根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne javanica)、大豆胞囊線蟲(Heterodera glycines)、南方根腐線蟲(Pratylenchus coffeae)、短體線蟲(Pratylenchus neglectus)、及柑桔半穿刺線蟲(Tylenchus semipenetrans)等。
作為軟體動物類(Mollusca),可列舉例如福壽螺(Pomacea canaliculata)、非洲大蝸牛(Achatina fulica)、雙線蛞蝓(Meghimatium bilineatum)、瓦侖西亞列蛞蝓(Lehmannina valentiana)、黃蛞蝓(Limax flavus)、及琉球球蝸牛(Acusta despecta sieboldiana)等。
又,本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑係對於作為其他害蟲之蕃茄斑潛蠅(Tuta absoluta)亦具有強大殺蟲效果者。
又,作為防治對象之一的動物寄生性蟎蜱,可列舉例如:如微小牛蜱(Boophilus microplus)、血紅扇頭蜱(Rhipicephalus sanguineus)、長角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)、褐黃血蜱(Haemaphysalis flava)、鈴頭血蜱(Haemaphysalis campanulata)、嗜群血蜱(Haemaphysalis concinna)、日本血蜱(Haemaphysalis japonica)、北崗血蜱(Haemaphysalis kitaokai)、衣亞斯血蜱(Haemaphysalis ias)、卵形硬蜱(Ixodes ovatus)、日本硬蜱(Ixodes nipponensis)、全溝硬蜱(Ixodes persulcatus)、龜形花蜱(Amblyomma testudinarium)、巨棘血蜱(Haemaphysalis megaspinosa)、網紋革蜱(Dermacentor
reticulatus)、及臺灣革蜱(Dermacentor taiwanesis)之硬蜱科(Ixodidae),如雞皮刺蟎(Dermanyssus gallinae)、蘋果刺蟎(Ornithonyssus sylviarum)、及熱帶禽蟎(Ornithonyssus bursa)之禽刺蟎屬(Ornithonyssus),如威氏真恙蟎(Eutrombicula wichmanni)、紅纖恙蟎(Leptotrombidium akamushi)、蒼白纖恙蟎(Leptotrombidium pallidum)、富士纖恙蟎(Leptotrombidium fuji)、土佐纖恙蟎(Leptotrombidium tosa)、秋收恙蟎(Neotrombicula autumnalis)、北美恙蟎(Eutrombicula alfreddugesi)、及宫川恙蟎(Helenicula miyagawai)之恙蟎科(Trombiculidae),如牙氏姬螯蟎(Cheyletiella yasguri)、兔皮姬螯蟎(Cheyletiella parasitivorax)、及布氏姬螯滿(Cheyletiella blakei)之肉食蟎科(Cheyletidae),如兔耳疥癬蟲(Psoroptes cuniculi)、牛癬蛀疥癬蟲(Chorioptes bovis)、犬耳癢蟎(Otodectes cynotis)、人疥蟎(Sarcoptes scabiei)、及貓節痂蟎(Notoedres cati)之疥蟎總科(Sarcoptoidea),以及如犬蠕形蟎(Demodex canis)之蠕形蟎科(Demodicidae)等。
作為本發明之其他防治對象的蚤,可列舉例如屬於隱翅目(Siphonaptera)之外部寄生性無翅昆蟲,更具體而言,可列舉屬於人蚤科(Pulicidae)、及歐洲鼠蚤科(Ceratephyllus)等之蚤類。就屬於人蚤科之蚤類而言,可列舉例如犬蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、貓蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、人蚤(Pulex irritans)、雞蚤(Echidnophaga gallinacea)、印度鼠蚤(Xenopsylla
cheopis)、盲蚤(Leptopsylla segnis)、歐洲病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus)、及安尼單蚤(Monopsyllus anisus)等。
進一步就其他防治對象之外部寄生生物而言,可列舉例如:如大短鼻牛蝨(Haematopinus eurysternus)、馬蝨(Haematopinus asini)、羊蝨(Dalmalinia ovis)、長鼻牛蝨(Linognathus vituli)、豬虱(Haematopinus suis)、陰蝨(Phthirus pubis)、及頭蝨(Pediculus capitis)之蝨亞目(Anoplura),以及如犬毛蝨(Trichodectes canis)之食毛目(Mallophaga),如牛虻(Tabanus trigonus)、尖喙庫蠓(Culicoides schultzei)、及蚋(Simulium ornatum)之吸血性雙翅目害蟲等。又,就內部寄生生物而言,可列舉例如:如肺蟲、鞭蟲、結節性蠕蟲、胃內寄生蟲、蛔蟲、及絲狀蟲類之線蟲類,如曼氏裂頭絛蟲、廣節裂頭絛蟲、瓜實絛蟲、多頭絛蟲、單包絛蟲、及多包絛蟲之絛蟲類,如日本住血吸蟲、及肝蛭之吸蟲類、以及如球蟲目、瘧疾原蟲、腸內肉胞子蟲、弓形蟲、及隱孢子蟲之原生動物等。
將本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分的農園藝用殺蟲劑,因對於會對水田作物、旱田作物、果樹、蔬菜、其他作物及花卉等有害的前述害蟲具有顯著的防治效果,配合所預測之害蟲產生的時期,而在害蟲產生前或已確認產生之時間點,藉由對育苗施設、水田、旱田、果樹、蔬菜、其他作物、花卉等之種子、水田水、莖葉或土壤等之栽培載
體等進行處理,而可達成本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑所期待之效果。其中較佳的使用形態為對作物、花卉等之育苗土壤、移植時之植穴土壤、植物根部、灌溉水、水耕栽培中的栽培水等進行處理,使其經由或不經由土壤而自根吸收本發明化合物之所謂的利用浸透移行性的施用。
可使用本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑的有用植物並未被特別限定,但可列舉例如穀類(例如稻、大麥、小麥、裸麥、燕麥、玉米等)、豆類(大豆、紅豆、蠶豆、豌豆、菜豆、落花生等)、果樹‧果實類(蘋果、柑橘類、梨、葡萄、桃、梅、櫻桃、胡桃、栗子、杏仁、香蕉等)、葉‧果菜類(甘藍菜、番茄、菠菜、青花菜、萵苣、洋蔥、青蔥(細香蔥、大蔥)、青椒、茄子、草莓、胡椒、秋葵、韭菜等)、根菜類(紅蘿蔔、馬鈴薯、蕃薯、芋頭、蘿蔔、蕪菁、蓮藕、牛蒡、大蒜、蕎頭等)、加工用作物(棉、麻、菾菜、啤酒花、甘蔗、甜菜、橄欖、橡膠、咖啡、煙草、茶等)、瓜類(南瓜、小黃瓜、西瓜、東方甜瓜、洋香瓜等)、牧草類(果園草、高梁、梯牧草、三葉草、苜蓿等)、矮草類(高麗草、本特草等)、香料等鑑賞用作物(薰衣草、迷迭香、百里香、洋芹菜、胡椒、生薑等)、花卉類(菊、薔薇、康乃馨、蘭、鬱金香、百合等)、庭園樹(銀杏、櫻花類、青木等)、林木(冷杉類(Abiessachalinensis)、魚鱗雲杉類(Piceajezoensis)、松類、羅漢柏、杉、檜木、尤加利樹等)等植物。
上述「植物」中,亦包含藉由傳統的育種方法或是藉由基因重組技術而被賦予了對於異唑草
(isoxaflutole)等HPPD抑制劑;咪草煙(imazethapyr)、甲基噻吩磺隆(Thifensulfuronmethyl)等ALS抑制劑;嘉磷塞(glyphosate)等EPSP合成酶抑制劑;固殺草(glufosinate)等麩醯胺酸合成酶抑制劑;西殺草(sethoxydim)等乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑;溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、汰克草(dicamba)、2,4-D等除草劑的抗性之植物。
就藉由傳統的育種方法而被賦予了抗性之「植物」的例子而言,有對於咪草煙(imazethapyr)等咪唑啶酮(imidazolinone)ALS抑制型除草劑具抗性之油菜籽、小麥、向日葵及稻,已以商品名Clearfield(註冊商標)販售。有同樣地藉由傳統的育種方法之對於甲基噻吩磺隆(Thifensulfuronmethyl)等磺醯脲(sulfonylurea)系ALS抑制型殺草劑具抗性的大豆,已以商品名STS大豆販售。作為同樣地藉由傳統的育種方法,而被賦予了對於三酮肟(trione oxime)、芳氧基苯氧基丙酸系除草劑等乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑的抗性之植物的例子,有SR玉米等。
又,被賦予了對於乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑的抗性之植物,係記載於Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA),87卷,7175-7179頁(1990年)等。又,對於乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑具抗性的變異乙醯輔酶A羧化酶,已在雜草科學(Weed Science),53卷,728-746頁(2005年)等被報告,可將這種變異乙醯輔酶A羧化酶基因藉由基因重組技術導入植物,或是將與賦予抵抗性有關的變異導入植物的乙醯輔酶A羧化酶,藉此而製作出
對於乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑具抗性之植物,再者,可藉由在植物細胞中導入以基因修正技術(chimeraplasty technique)(Gura T.1999.Repairingthe Genome’s Spelling Mistakes.Science285:316-318.)為代表之鹼基取代變異導入核酸,在植物的乙醯輔酶A羧化酶基因或ALS基因等導入位置專一性胺基酸取代變異,而製作出對於乙醯輔酶A羧化酶抑制劑或ALS抑制劑等具抗性之植物,亦可對此等植物使用本發明之農園藝殺蟲劑。
再者,作為基因重組植物所表現的毒素,可列舉源自仙人掌桿菌(Bacillus cereus)或日本甲蟲芽胞桿菌(Bacillus popilliae)之殺蟲性蛋白質;源自蘇力菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)之Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry1Fa2、Cry2Ab、Cry3A、Cry3Bb1或Cry9C等之δ-內毒素;VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A等之殺蟲蛋白質;來自線蟲之殺蟲蛋白質;蝎子毒素、蜘蛛毒素、蜂毒素或昆蟲專一性神經毒素等藉由動物所產生之毒素;絲狀菌類毒素;植物凝集素;凝集素;胰蛋白酶抑制劑;絲胺酸蛋白酶抑制劑;馬鈴薯儲藏蛋白(patatin)、胱蛋白(Cystatin)、木瓜酶(Papain)抑制劑等蛋白酶抑制劑;蓖麻毒蛋白(Ricin)、玉米-RIP、雞母珠毒蛋白(Abrin)、絲瓜籽蛋白(luffin)、皂草素(Saporin)、瀉根素(briodin)等核糖體失活蛋白(ribosome-inactivating protein)(RIP);3-羥基類固醇氧化酶、蛻皮類固醇(ecdysteroid)-UDP-葡萄糖基轉移酶、膽固醇氧化酶等類固醇代謝酵素;脫皮素(Ecdysone)抑制劑;HMG-輔酶A還原酶;鈉通道、鈣通
道抑制劑等離子通道抑制劑;青春激素(juvenile hormone)酯酶;利尿激素受體;二苯乙烯合成酶;聯苄合成酶;幾丁質酶;聚葡萄糖酶(glucanase)等。
又,作為如此之基因重組植物所表現的毒素,亦包含Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry1Fa2、Cry2Ab、Cry3A、Cry3Bb1、Cry9C、Cry34Ab或Cry35Ab等之δ-內毒素蛋白質;VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A等之殺蟲蛋白質之混合(hybrid)毒素;部份缺損之毒素;經修飾之毒素。混合毒素係使用重組技術,藉由此等蛋白質之不同功能域(domain)的新組合而製作出。就部份缺損之毒素而言,已知有缺損了部份胺基酸序列的Cry1Ab。就經修飾之毒素而言,係天然型之毒素的一個或複數個胺基酸被取代。
此等毒素的例子及可合成此等毒素之重組植物,係記載於EP-A-0 374 753、WO 93/07278、WO 95/34656、EP-A-0 427 529、EP-A-451 878、WO 03/052073等。
此等之重組植物所含有的毒素,尤其是賦予植物對於甲蟲目害蟲、半翅目害蟲、雙翅目害蟲、鱗翅目害蟲、線蟲類之抗性。本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑亦可與該等之技術併用,或是作系統化而使用。
本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑為了防治各種害蟲,只要直接、或以水等適宜稀釋、或是以被懸浮之形式,而將對害蟲或者線蟲防治為有效之量使用於被予測會有該害蟲及線蟲之產生的植物即可,例如對於在果樹、穀類、蔬菜等所出現之害蟲及線蟲,係除了對莖葉部散
布之外,亦可將種子浸漬於藥劑、種子塗覆、Calper處理等種子處理、土壤全層混合、植行(planting row)施用、床土混合、單元格苗(cell seedling)處理、植穴處理、植物根部處理、追肥、稻之箱處理、水面施用等、對土壤等進行處理而使其從根吸收。另外,亦可為藉由對於養液(水耕)栽培中之養液的施用、煙燻或是樹幹注入等之使用。
再者,本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑,只要直接、或以水等適宜稀釋、或是以被懸浮之形式,將對害蟲防治為有效之量使用於被予測會有該害蟲之產生的場所即可,例如除了對儲穀害蟲、房屋害蟲、衛生害蟲、森林害蟲等散布之外,亦可作為對房屋建材的塗布、煙燻、誘餌等而使用。
就種子處理的方法而言,可舉出例如將液狀或固體狀製劑稀釋或不稀釋而在液體狀態浸漬種子而使藥劑滲透的方法;將固形製劑或液狀製劑與種子混合、進行塗覆處理而使其附著於種子表面的方法;與樹脂、聚合物等附著性之載體進行混合而塗布於種子的方法;與栽植同時散布在種子附近的方法等。
進行該種子處理之「種子」,係意味著植物繁殖所使用之栽培初期的植物體,例如除種子之外,亦可舉出球根、塊莖、種薯、株芽、繁殖體(propagule)、鱗莖、或扦插栽培用之營養繁殖用的植物體。
實施本發明之使用方法的情形之植物的「土壤」或「栽培載體」,係表示用以栽培作物之支撐體,尤其是
使根部生長的支撐體,材質雖未被特別限定,但只要是植物能夠生長發育之材質即可,亦可為所謂的土壤、育苗墊(nursery mat)、水等,就具體之素材而言,亦可為例如砂、浮石、蛭石、矽藻土、瓊脂、膠狀物質、高分子物質、岩棉、玻璃棉、木屑、樹皮等。
就對於作物莖葉部或儲穀害蟲、房屋害蟲、衛生害蟲或是森林害蟲等之散布方法而言,可列舉以水適當稀釋乳劑、可流動劑等液體製劑或可濕性粉劑或顆粒可濕性粉劑等之固形製劑而散布的方法;將粉劑散布的方法;或煙燻等。
就對土壤之施用方法而言,可舉出例如將液體製劑稀釋於水或不稀釋而對植物體之植物根部或育苗用苗床等施用的方法;將粒劑散布於植物體之植物根部或用以育苗之苗床等的方法;在播種前或移植前將粉劑、可濕性粉劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑、粒劑等散布並與土壤全體混合的方法;在播種前或種植植物體之前將粉劑、可濕性粉劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑、粒劑等散布於植穴、植行(planting row)等的方法等。
就對於水稻之育苗箱的施用方法而言,劑型亦有因例如播種時施用、綠化期施用、移植時施用等施用時期而異的情形,但只要是以粉劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑、粒劑等劑型進行施用即可。亦可藉由與培養土之混合來施用,培養土與粉劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑或粒劑等之混合,可進行例如床土混合、覆土混合、對培養土全體之混合等。亦可僅將培養土與各種製劑交互地作成層狀來
施用。
就對於水田的施用方法而言,通常係將珍寶(Jumbo)劑、包劑(pack aget)、粒劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑等之固形製劑、可流動劑、乳劑等之液體狀製劑,散布於注水(flooding)狀態之水田。此外,在插秧時亦可將適當的製劑直接、或是混合於肥料而散布、注入於土壤。又,亦可藉由在進水口或灌溉裝置等往水田之水的流入源利用乳劑、可流動劑等藥液,伴隨著水之供給而省力地施用。
於旱田作物,可於從播種到育苗期對接近種子或植物體的栽培載體等進行處理。於直接播種於旱田的植物,除了對於種子的直接處理之外,亦適合為對於栽培中之植物的植物根部之處理。可使用粒劑來進行散布處理、或將稀釋或是未稀釋於水的藥劑以液狀來進行灌注處理等。使粒劑與播種前之栽培載體混合之後進行播種亦為較佳之處理。
就進行移植之栽培植物的播種、育苗期之處理而言,除了對於種子的直接處理之外,亦較佳為對於育苗用苗床之作成液狀之藥劑的灌注處理或粒劑的散布處理。又,於定植時,將粒劑在植穴進行處理、或混合在移植場所附近的栽培載體亦為較佳之處理。
本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑,一般係按照農藥製劑上之通常方法,製劑成使用上方便的良好形狀來使用。
即,本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,只要將此等在適當的惰性載體,或因應需要而與輔助劑一起,摻合為適當比例使其溶解、分離、懸浮、
混合、含浸、吸附或附著而製劑成為適宜的劑型,例如製劑成懸浮劑、乳劑、液劑、可濕性粉劑、顆粒可濕性粉劑、粒劑、粉劑、錠劑、包劑等來使用即可。
本發明之組成物(農園藝用殺蟲劑或動物寄生生物防治劑)除了有效成分之外,亦可因應必要而含有於農藥製劑或動物寄生生物防治劑通常使用的添加成分。就此添加成分而言,可列舉固體載體、液體載體等之載體;界面活性劑、分散劑、濕潤劑、結合劑、黏著賦予劑、增黏劑、著色劑、展開劑、展著劑、抗凍劑、抗結塊劑、崩壞劑、分解防止劑等。因應其他需要,可於添加成分使用防腐劑、植物碎片等。此等之添加成分可單獨使用,又,亦可組合2種以上使用。
就固體載體而言,可列舉例如石英、黏土、高嶺石、葉蠟石(pyrophyllite)、絹雲母、滑石、膨潤土、酸性白土、鎂質膨土、沸石、矽藻土等天然礦物類;碳酸鈣、硫酸銨、硫酸鈉、氯化鉀等之無機鹽類;合成矽酸、合成矽酸鹽、澱粉、纖維素、植物粉末(例如鋸木屑(sawdust)、椰殼、玉米穗軸、煙草莖等)等有機固體載體;聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯等塑膠載體;尿素、無機中空體、塑膠中空體、燻矽(fumed silica,白碳)等。此等可單獨使用,又,亦可組合2種以上使用。
就液體載體而言,可列舉例如:如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、異丙醇、丁醇等之一元醇類、或乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、己二醇、聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、甘油等多元醇類的醇類;丙二醇醚等多元醇化合物類;丙酮
、甲乙酮、甲基異丁基酮、二異丁基酮、環己酮等酮類;乙醚、二烷、乙二醇單乙醚、二丙醚、四氫呋喃等醚類;正烷烴(normal paraffin)、環烷烴、異烷烴(isoparaffin)、煤油、礦油等之脂肪族烴類;苯、甲苯、二甲苯、溶劑石腦油、烷基萘等芳香族烴類;二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳等鹵化烴類;乙酸乙酯、二異丙基苯二甲酸酯、二丁基苯二甲酸酯、二辛基苯二甲酸酯、己二酸二甲酯等酯類;γ-丁內酯等之內酯類;二甲基甲醯胺、二乙基甲醯胺、二甲基乙醯胺、N-烷基吡咯啶酮等醯胺類;乙腈等腈類;二甲基亞碸等硫化合物類;大豆油、菜籽油、棉籽油、蓖麻油等植物油;水等。此等可單獨使用,又,亦可組合2種以上使用。
就作為分散劑或濕展劑使用的界面活性劑而言,可列舉例如山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯樹脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸二酯、聚氧乙烯烷基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯二烷基苯基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚福馬林縮合物、聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物、聚苯乙烯聚氧乙烯嵌段聚合物、烷基聚氧乙烯聚丙烯嵌段共聚物醚、聚氧乙烯烷基胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸醯胺、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸雙苯基醚、聚伸烷基苄基苯基醚、聚氧伸烷基苯乙烯基苯基醚、乙炔二醇、聚氧伸烷基加成乙炔二醇、聚氧乙烯醚型聚矽氧、酯型聚矽氧、氟系界面活性劑、聚氧乙烯蓖麻子油、聚氧乙烯硬化蓖麻子油等之非離子性界面活性劑、
烷基硫酸鹽、聚氧乙烯烷基醚硫酸鹽、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚硫酸鹽、聚氧乙烯苯乙烯基苯基醚硫酸鹽、烷基苯磺酸鹽、烷基芳基磺酸鹽、木質磺酸鹽、烷基磺基琥珀酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、烷基萘磺酸鹽、萘磺酸之福馬林縮合物的鹽、烷基萘磺酸之福馬林縮合物的鹽、脂肪酸鹽、聚羧酸鹽、聚丙烯酸鹽、N-甲基-脂肪酸肌胺酸鹽、樹脂酸鹽、聚氧乙烯烷基醚磷酸鹽、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚磷酸鹽等陰離子性界面活性劑;月桂基胺鹽酸鹽、硬脂基胺鹽酸鹽、油基胺鹽酸鹽、硬脂基胺乙酸鹽、硬脂基胺基丙基胺乙酸鹽、氯化烷基三甲銨、烷基二甲基氯化苄二甲烴銨(alkyl dimethyl benzalkonium choloride)等烷基胺鹽等的陽離子界面活性劑;胺基酸型或甜菜鹼型等的兩性界面活性劑等。此等之界面活性劑可單獨使用,又,亦可組合2種以上使用。
就結合劑或黏著賦予劑而言,可列舉例如羧甲基纖維素或其鹽、糊精、水溶性澱粉、三仙膠、瓜爾膠、蔗糖、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、阿拉伯膠、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚丙烯酸鈉、平均分子量6000~20000之聚乙二醇、平均分子量10萬~500萬之聚乙烯氧化物、磷脂質(例如腦磷脂、卵磷脂等)纖維素粉末、糊精、加工澱粉、聚胺基羧酸螯合化合物、交聯聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、馬來酸與苯乙烯類之共聚物、(甲基)丙烯酸系共聚物、包含多元醇之聚合物與二羧酸酐的半酯、聚苯乙烯磺酸之水溶性鹽、石蠟、萜烯、聚醯胺樹脂、聚丙烯酸鹽、聚氧乙烯、蠟、聚乙烯烷醚、烷基酚福馬林縮合物、合成
樹脂乳膠等。
就增黏劑而言,可列舉例如:如三仙膠、瓜爾膠、迪特膠(Diutan Gum)、羧甲基纖維素、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、羧基乙烯基聚合物、丙烯酸系聚合物、澱粉化合物、多醣類之水溶性高分子、如高純度膨潤土、燻矽(fumed silica,白碳)之無機微粉等。
就著色劑而言,可列舉例如氧化鐵、氧化鈦、普魯士藍之類的無機顏料;茜素染料、偶氮染料、金屬酞菁染料之類的有機染料等。
就抗凍劑而言,可列舉例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油等之多元醇類等。
就用以防止結塊或促進崩壞之輔助劑而言,可列舉例如澱粉、海藻酸、甘露糖、半乳糖等之多醣類、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、燻矽(fumed silica,白碳)、酯膠、石油樹脂、三聚磷酸鈉、六偏磷酸鈉、硬脂酸金屬鹽、纖維素粉末、糊精、甲基丙烯酸酯之共聚物、聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、聚胺基羧酸螯合化合物、磺化苯乙烯‧異丁烯‧馬來酸酐共聚物、澱粉‧聚丙烯腈接枝共聚物等。
就分解防止劑而言,可列舉例如沸石、生石灰、氧化鎂之類的乾燥劑、酚化合物、胺化合物、硫化合物、磷酸化合物等之抗氧化劑、水楊酸化合物、二苯甲酮化合物等之紫外線吸收劑等。
就防腐劑而言,可列舉例如山梨酸鉀、1,2-苯并噻唑啉-3-酮等。
可進一步因應需要而使用功能性展著劑、胡椒基丁
氧化物(Piperonyl Butoxide)等代謝分解抑制劑等的活性增強劑;丙二醇等抗凍劑;BHT等抗氧化劑;紫外線吸收劑等其他輔助劑。
有效成分化合物之摻合比率可因應必要而加減,本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑100重量份中,只要自0.01~90重量份的範圍加以適宜選擇來使用即可,例如作成粉劑、粒劑、乳劑或可濕性粉劑的情形,0.01~50重量份(相對於農園藝用殺蟲劑全體的重量,為0.01~50重量%)為適當的。
本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑的使用量會依各種因子而變動,例如依目的、對象害蟲、作物之生長發育狀況、害蟲之發生傾向、天候、環境條件、劑型、施用方法、施用場所、施用時期等而變動,但作為有效成分化合物只要是從每10公畝0.001g~10kg,較佳為0.01g~1kg的範圍,因應目的而適宜選擇即可。
本發明之農園藝用殺蟲劑為了防治對象病害蟲、防治適期的擴大、或以藥量減少為目的,亦可與其他之農園藝用殺蟲劑、殺蟎蜱劑、殺線蟲劑、殺菌劑、生物農藥等混合而使用,又因應使用的場合,亦可與除草劑、植物成長調節劑、肥料等混合而使用。
作為於該目的使用的其他農園藝殺蟲劑、殺蟎劑、殺線蟲劑而言,可列舉例如3,5-二甲苯甲基胺基甲酸酯(3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate)(XMC)、蘇力菌逢澤氏亞種(Bacillus thuringienses aizawai)、蘇力菌以色列亞種(Bacillus thuringienses israelensis)、蘇力菌日本亞
種(Bacillus thuringienses japonensis)、蘇力菌庫斯克亞種(Bacillus thuringienses kurstaki)、蘇力菌擬步行蟲亞種(Bacillus thuringienses tenebrionis)、蘇力菌(Bacillus thuringienses)所生成的結晶蛋白質毒素、BPMC、Bt毒素系殺蟲性化合物、CPCBS(殺蟎酯(chlorfenson))、DCIP(二氯二異丙醚)、D-D(1,3-二氯丙烯)、DDT、NAC、O-4-二甲基胺磺醯基苯基O,O-二乙基硫代磷酸酯(O-4-dimethylsulfamoylphenyl O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate)(DSP)、O-乙基O-4-硝基苯基苯基硫代磷酸酯(O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate)(EPN)、三丙基異氰脲酸酯(TPIC)、阿納寧(acrinathrin)、印楝素(azadir achtin)、谷速松(azinphos-methyl)、亞蟎醌(acequinocyl)、亞滅培(acetamiprid)、乙醯蟲腈(acetoprole)、毆殺松(acephate)、阿巴汀(abamectin)、除蟲菌素-B(avermectin-B)、磺胺蟎酯(amidoflumet)、雙甲脒(amitraz)、棉鈴威(alanycarb)、得滅克(aldicarb)、涕滅碸威(aldoxycarb)、阿特靈(aldrin)、α-安殺番(alpha-endosulfan)、亞滅寧(alpha-cypermethrin)、阿苯達唑(albendazole)、亞列寧(allethrin)、依殺松(isazofos)、有機硫代磷酸酯類殺線蟲劑(isamidofos)、異美沙同磷(isoamidofos)、加福松(isoxathion)、亞芬松(isofenphos)、滅必蝨(isoprocarb:MIPC)、害獲滅(ivermectin)、新煙鹼類(imicyafos)、益達胺(imidacloprid)、依普寧(imiprothrin)、因得克(indoxacarb)、益化利(esfenvalerate)、殺蟲丹(ethiofencarb)、愛殺松(ethion)、益斯普(ethiprole)、依殺蟎(etoxazole)、依芬
寧(ethofenprox)、普伏松(ethoprophos)、益多松(etrimfos)、甲胺基阿維菌素(emamectin)、因滅汀(emamectin-benzoate)、安殺番(endosulfan)、益避寧(empenthrin)、毆殺滅(oxamyl)、滅多松(oxydemeton-methyl)、異亞碸磷(oxydeprofos:ESP)、奧苯達唑(oxibendazole)、奧芬達唑(oxfendazole)、油酸鉀(Potassium oleate)、油酸鈉(sodium oleate)、加奪松(cadusafos)、培丹(cartap)、加保利(carbaryl)、丁基加保扶(carbosulfan)、加保扶(carbofuran)、伽瑪賽洛寧(gamma-cyhalothrin)、滅爾蝨(xylylcarb)、拜裕松(quinalphos)、烯蟲炔酯(kinoprene)、蟎離丹(chinomethionat)、除線威(cloethocarb)、可尼丁(clothianidin)、克芬蟎(clofentezine)、可芬諾(chromafenozide)、剋安勃(chlorantraniliprole)、氯氧磷(chlorethoxyfos)、殺蟲脒(chlordimeform)、可氯丹(chlordane)、陶斯松(chlorpyrifos)、甲基陶斯松(chlorpyrifos-methyl)、溴蟲清(chlorphenapyr)、殺蟎酯(chlorfenson)、克芬松(chlorfenvinphos)、克福隆(chlorfluazuron)、克氯苯(chlorobenzilate)、氯苯甲酸酯(chlorobenzoate)、大克蟎(dicofol)、殺力松(salithion)、氰乃松(cyanophos:CYAP)、汰芬隆(diafenthiuron)、除線特(diamidafos)、氰蟲醯胺(cyantraniliprole)、θ-氯氰菊酯(theta-cypermethrin)、得氯蟎(dienochlor)、唑蟎氰(cyenopyrafen)、蔬果磷(dioxabenzofos)、二苯丙醚(diofenolan)、Σ-氯氰菊酯(sigma-cypermethrin)、除線磷(dichlofenthion:ECP)、乙氰菊酯(cycloprothrin)、二氯松(dichlorvos:DDVP)、二硫松(disulfoton)
、達特南(dinotefuran)、賽洛寧(cyhalothrin)、賽酚寧(cyphenothrin)、賽扶寧(cyfluthrin)、二福隆(diflubenzuron)、賽芬蟎(cyflumetofen)、氟蟎(diflovidazin)、錫蟎丹(cyhexatin)、賽滅寧(cypermethrin)、甲基毒蟲畏(dimethylvinphos)、大滅松(dimethoate)、四氟甲醚菊酯(dimefluthrin)、矽護芬(silafluofen)、賽滅淨(cyromazine)、賜諾特(spinetoram)、賜諾殺(spinosad)、賜派芬(spirodiclofen)、賜派滅(spirotetramat)、螺甲蟎酯(spiromesifen)、氟蟲胺(sulfluramid)、硫丙磷(sulprofos)、氟啶蟲胺腈(sulfoxaflor)、傑他-賽滅寧(zeta-cypermethrin)、大利松(diazinon)、福化利(tau-fluvalinate)、邁隆(dazomet)、賽果培(thiacloprid)、賽速安(thiamethoxam)、硫敵克(thiodicarb)、硫賜安(thiocyclam)、殺蟲雙(thiosultap)、殺蟲雙鈉(thiosultap-sodium)、治線磷(thionazin)、硫滅松(thiometon)、避蚊胺(deet)、地特靈(dieldrin)、殺蟲畏(tetrachlorvinphos)、得脫蟎(tetradifon)、四氟醚菊酯(tetramethylfluthrin)、治滅寧(tetramethrin)、丁基嘧啶磷(tebupirimfos)、得芬諾(tebufenozide)、得芬瑞(tebufenpyrad)、七氟菊酯(tefluthrin)、得福隆(teflubenzuron)、滅賜松(demeton-S-methyl)、亞培松(temephos)、第滅寧(deltamethrin)、托福松(terbufos)、曲洛比利(tralopyril)、泰滅寧(tralomethrin)、拜富寧(transfluthrin)、唑蚜威(triazamate)、滅蚜靈(triazuron)、水楊菌胺(trichlamide)、三氯松(trichlorphon:DEP)、三福隆(triflumuron)、脫芬瑞(tolfenpyrad)、乃力松(naled:BRP)、硝乙脲噻唑(nithiazi
ne)、烯啶蟲胺(nitenpyram)、諾伐隆(novaluron)、諾福隆(noviflumuron)、烯蟲乙酯(hydroprene)、甲烯氟蟲腈(vaniliprole)、繁米松(vamidothion)、巴拉松(parathion)、甲基巴拉松(parathion-methyl)、合芬寧(halfenprox)、氯蟲醯肼(halofenozide)、雙三氟蟲脲(bistrifluron)、殺蟲雙(bisultap)、愛美松(hydramethylnon)、羥丙基澱粉(hydroxy propyl starch)、百蟎克(binapacryl)、必芬蟎(bifenazate)、畢芬寧(bifenthrin)、派滅淨(pymetrozine)、吡唑硫磷(pyraclorfos)、吡氟蟲腈(pyrafluprole)、必芬松(pyridafenthion)、畢達本(pyridaben)、啶蟲丙醚(pyridalyl)、基苯胺(pyrifluquinazon)、吡啶醇(pyriprole)、百利普芬(pyriproxyfen)、比加普(pirimicarb)、畢汰芬(Pyrimidifen)、亞特松(pirimiphos-methyl)、除蟲菊酯(pyrethrins)、芬普尼(fipronil)、芬殺蟎(fenazaquin)、芬滅松(fenamiphos)、新殺蟎(bromopropylate)、撲滅松(fenitrothion:MEP)、芬諾克(fenoxycarb)、芬硫克(fenothiocarb)、苯醚菊酯(phenothrin)、丁基滅必蝨(fenobucarb)、繁福松(fensulfothion)、芬殺松(fenthion:MPP)、賽達松(phenthoate:PAP)、芬化利(fenvalerate)、芬普蟎(fenpyroximate)、芬普寧(fenpropathrin)、芬苯達唑(fenbendazole)、福賽絕(fosthiazate)、覆滅蟎(formetanate)、丁嘧啶磷(butathiofos)、布芬淨(buprofezin)、呋線威(furathiocarb)、普亞列寧(prallethrin)、嘧蟎酯(fluacrypyrim)、扶吉胺(fluazinam)、吡蟲隆(fluazuron)、氟噻蟲碸(fluensulfone)、氟環脲(flucycloxuron)、護賽寧(flucythrinate)
、福化利(fluvalinate)、吡氟硫磷(flupyrazofos)、嘧蟲胺(flufenerim)、氟芬隆(flufenoxuron)、氟蟎(flufenzine)、三氟醚菊酯(flufenoprox)、苄蟎醚(fluproxyfen)、溴氟菊酯(flubrocythrinate)、氟蟲醯胺(flubendiamide)、氟氯苯菊酯(flumethrin)、氟蟲芬(flurimfen)、普硫松(prothiofos)、氟蟲清(protrifenbute)、氟尼胺(flonicamid)、加護松(propaphos)、毆蟎多(propargite:BPPS)、佈飛松(profenofos)、丙氟菊酯(profluthrin)、安丹(propoxur:PHC)、新殺蟎(bromopropylate)、貝他-賽扶寧(beta-cyfluthrin)、六伏隆(hexaflumuron)、合賽多(hexythiazox)、飛達松(heptenophos)、百滅寧(permethrin)、異噻蟲唑(benclothiaz)、免敵克(bendiocarb)、免速達(bensultap)、西脫蟎(benzoximate)、免扶克(benfuracarb)、辛硫磷(phoxim)、裕必松(phosalone)、福賽絕(fosthiazate)、吉福松(fosthietan)、福賜米松(phosphamidon)、磷蟲威(phosphocarb)、益滅松(phosmet:PMP)、瀏陽霉素複合物(polynactins)、覆滅蟎(formetanate)、福木松(formothion)、福瑞松(phorate)、機油(machine oil)、馬拉松(malathion)、倍脈心(milbemycin)、倍脈心A(milbemycin-A)、密滅汀(milbemectin)、滅加松(mecarbam)、倍硫磷亞碸(mesulfenfos)、納乃得(methomyl)、聚乙醛(metaldehyde)、美氟綜(metaflumizone)、達馬松(methamidophos)、威百畝銨(metam-ammonium)、斯美地(metam-sodium)、滅賜克(methiocarb)、滅大松(methidathion:DMTP)、甲基異硫氰酸酯(methylisothiocyanate)、甲基新癸醯胺(methylneodeca
namide)、甲基巴拉松(methylparathion)、蟲酮(metoxadiazone)、甲氧氯(methoxychlor)、滅芬諾(methoxyfenozide)、美特寧(metofluthrin)、烯蟲酯(methoprene)、必芬治(metolcarb)、氯氟醚菊酯(meperfluthrin)、美文松(mevinphos)、亞素靈(monocrotophos)、殺蟲單(monosultap)、賽洛寧(lambda-cyhalothrin)、蘭尼鹼(ryanodine)、祿芬隆(lufenuron)、苄呋菊酯(resmethrin)、雷皮菌素(lepimectin)、魚藤酮(rotenone)、鹽酸左旋咪唑(levamisol hydrochloride)、芬佈賜(fenbutatin oxide)、摩朗得(酒石酸鹽)(morantel tartarate)、溴化甲烷(methyl bromide)、錫蟎丹(cyhexatin)、石灰氮(calcium cyanamide)、石硫合劑(calcium polysulfide)、硫(sulfur),及菸鹼硫酸鹽(nicotine-sulfate)等。
作為以同樣目的使用之農園藝用殺菌劑,可列舉例如金色制霉素(aureofungin)、戊環唑(azaconazole)、氧化福美雙殺菌劑(azithiram)、八九十混酸(acypetacs)、阿拉酸式苯(acibenzolar)、阿拉酸式苯-S-甲基(acibenzolar-S-methyl)、亞托敏(azoxystrobin)、敵菌靈(anilazine)、安美速(amisulbrom)、1-胺基丙基磷酸(ampropylfos)、辛唑嘧菌胺(ametoctradin)、烯丙醇(allyl alcohol)、十二嗎啉(aldimorph)、代森銨(amobam)、異噻菌胺(isotianil)、異醯菌酮(isovaledione)、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)、亞賜圃(isoprothiolane)、種菌唑(ipconazole)、依普同(iprodione)、異丙菌胺(iprovalicarb)、丙基喜樂松(iprobenfos)、依滅列(imazalil)、克熱淨(iminoctadine)、克
熱淨烷苯磺酸鹽(iminoctadine-albesilate)、克熱淨三乙酸酯(iminoctadine-triacetate)、易胺座(imibenconazole)、烯效唑(uniconazole)、烯效唑P(uniconazole-P)、氯唑靈(echlomezole)、護粒松(edifenphos)、乙環唑(etaconazole)、噻唑菌胺(ethaboxam)、依瑞莫(ethirimol)、代森硫(etem)、乙氧基喹啉(ethoxyquin)、依得利(etridiazole)、烯肟菌酯(enestroburin)、依普座(epoxiconazole)、歐殺斯(oxadixyl)、嘉保信(oxycarboxin)、8-羥基喹啉銅(copper-8-quinolinolate)、土黴素(oxytetracycline)、8-羥基喹啉銅(copper-oxinate)、咪唑(oxpoconazole)、咪唑富馬酸鹽(oxpoconazole-fumarate)、歐索林酸(oxolinic acid)、辛噻酮(octhilinone)、呋醯胺(ofurace)、肟醚菌胺(orysastrobin)、斯美地(metam-sodium)、嘉賜黴素(kasugamycin)、嗎菌威(carbamorph)、加普胺(carpropamid)、貝芬替(carbendazim)、萎銹靈(carboxin)、香芹酮(carvone)、醌菌腙(quinazamid)、喹烯酮(quinacetol)、快諾芬(quinoxyfen)、滅蟎猛(quinomethionate)、四氯丹(captafol)、蓋普丹(captan)、精苯霜靈(kiralaxyl)、氯苯喹唑(quinconazole)、五氯硝基苯(quintozene)、克熱淨(guazatine)、硫雜靈殺菌劑(cufraneb)、福美銅氯(cuprobam)、固毆寧(glyodin)、吉膚黴素(griseofulvin)、甘寶素(climbazole)、甲酚(cresol)、克收欣(kresoxim-methyl)、克氯得(chlozolinate)、克黴唑(clotrimazole)、克氯綜(chlobenthiazone)、雙胺靈(chloraniformethan)、四氯苯醌(chloranil)、四氯喹啉(chlorquinox)、氯化苦(chloropicrin)、氯苯咪
唑(chlorfenazole)、氯二硝基萘(chlorodinitronaphthalene)、四氯異苯腈(chlorothalonil)、地茂散(chloroneb)、氰菌胺(zarilamid)、水楊醯苯胺(salicylanilide)、賽座滅(cyazofamid)、焦碳酸二乙酯(diethyl pyrocarbonate)、乙黴威(diethofencarb)、環菌胺(cyclafuramid)、雙氯氰菌胺(diclocymet)、菌核利(dichlozoline)、苄氯三唑醇(diclobutrazol)、益發靈(dichlofluanid)、放線菌酮(cycloheximide)、達滅淨(diclomezine)、大克爛(dicloran)、雙氯酚(dichlorophen)、大克隆(dichlone)、雙硫崙(disulfiram)、普得松(ditalimfos)、腈硫醌(dithianon)、達克利(diniconazole)、達克利M(diniconazole-M)、鋅乃浦(zineb)、白粉克(dinocap)、敵菌死(dinocton)、硝辛酯殺蟎劑(dinosulfon)、硝丁酯(dinoterbon)、敵蟎通(dinobuton)、硝戊酯(dinopenton)、雙吡啶硫酮(dipyrithione)、二苯基胺(diphenylamine)、待克利(difenoconazole)、賽芬胺(cyflufenamid)、二氟林(diflumetorim)、環克座(cyproconazole)、賽普洛(cyprodinil)、酯菌胺(cyprofuram)、氰菌靈(cypendazole)、矽氟唑(simeconazole)、二甲嘧酚(dimethirimol)、達滅芬(dimethomorph)、克絕(cymoxanil)、醚菌胺(dimoxystrobin)、溴化甲烷(methyl bromide)、福美鋅(ziram)、矽噻菌胺(silthiofam)、鏈黴素(streptomycin)、螺茂胺(spiroxamine)、戊苯碸(sultropen)、先正達(sedaxane)、座賽胺(zoxamide)、邁隆(dazomet)、噻二(thiadiazin)、噻醯菌胺(tiadinil)、氟噻亞菌胺(thiadifluor)、腐絕(thiabendazole)、硫氰苯甲醯胺(tioxymid)、硫氯苯
亞胺(thiochlorfenphim)、多保淨(thiophanate)、甲基多保淨(thiophanate-methyl)、噻菌晴(thicyofen)、去蟎得(thioquinox)、蟎離丹(chinomethionat)、賽氟滅(thifluzamide)、得恩地(thiram)、癸磷錫(decafentin)、四氯硝基苯(tecnazene)、克枯爛(tecloftalam)、福美雙聯(tecoram)、四克利(tetraconazole)、咪菌威(debacarb)、脫氫乙酸(dehydroacetic acid)、得克利(tebuconazole)、異丁乙氧喹啉(tebufloquin)、多地辛(dodicin)、多果定(dodine)、十二烷基苯磺酸雙乙二胺銅錯鹽(II)(dodecyl benzensulfonate bis-ethylene diamine copper(II))(DBEDC)、嗎菌靈(dodemorph)、敵菌酮(drazoxolon)、三泰隆(triadimenol)、三泰芬(triadimefon)、丁基三唑(triazbutil)、三挫磷(triazoxide)、三唑磷胺(triamiphos)、嘧菌醇(triarimol)、水楊菌胺(trichlamide)、三賽唑(tricyclazole)、滅菌唑(triticonazole)、三得芬(tridemorph)、三丁基氧化錫(tributyltin oxide)、賽福座(triflumizole)、三氟敏(trifloxystrobin)、賽福寧(triforine)、甲基益發靈(tolylfluanid)、脫克松(tolclofos-methyl)、鏈黴菌素(natamycin)、代森鈉(nabam)、酞菌酯(nitrothal-isopropyl)、硝基苯乙烯(nitrostyrene)、尼瑞莫(nuarimol)、壬基酚磺酸銅(copper nonylphenol sulfonate)、丙烯酸喹啉酯(halacrinate)、維利黴素(validamycin)、霜黴滅(valifenalate)、超敏蛋白(harpin protein)、聯苯吡菌胺(bixafen)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、氟吡菌胺(picobenzamide)、硫雙二氯酚(bithionol)、比多農(bitertanol)、黴靈(hydroxyisoxazole)、
羥基異唑鉀(hydroisoxazole-potassium)、百蟎克(binapacryl)、聯苯基(biphenyl)、粉病靈(piperalin)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、唑菌酯(pyraoxystrobin)、吡喃靈(pyracarbolid)、百克敏(pyraclostrobin)、白粉松(pyrazophos)、唑胺菌酯(pyrametostrobin)、甲氧苯啶菌(pyriofenone)、啶菌腈(pyridinitril)、比芬諾(pyrifenox)、吡菌苯威(pyribencarb)、嘧黴胺(pyrimethanil)、吡氯靈(pyroxychlor)、氯吡呋醚(pyroxyfur)、百快隆(pyroquilon)、免克寧(vinclozolin)、凡殺同(famoxadone)、菌拿靈(fenapanil)、咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)、敵克松(fenaminosulf)、芬瑞莫(fenarimol)、種衣酯(fenitropan)、芬諾尼(fenoxanil)、富米綜(ferimzone)、福美鐵(ferbam)、三苯基錫(fentin)、拌種咯(fenpiclonil)、胺苯吡菌酮(fenpyrazamine)、芬克座(fenbuconazole)、甲呋醯胺(fenfuram)、苯鏽啶(fenpropidin)、芬普福(fenpropimorph)、環醯菌胺(fenhexamid)、熱必斯(phthalide)、得滅多(buthiobate)、丁胺(butylamine)、布瑞莫(bupirimate)、麥穗寧(fuberidazole)、保米黴素(blasticidin-S)、福拉比(furametpyr)、呋霜靈(furalaxyl)、嘧蟎酯(fluacrypyrim)、扶吉胺(fluazinam)、氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin)、三氟苯唑(fluotrimazole)、氟比來(fluopicolide)、氟吡菌醯胺(fluopyram)、氟醯亞胺(fluoroimide)、二甲呋醯胺(furcarbanil)、氟唑菌醯胺(fluxapyroxad)、氟喹唑(fluquinconazole)、氟康唑(furconazole)、呋醚唑(furconazole-cis)、咯菌腈(fludioxonil)、護矽得(flusilazole)、氟硫滅(flusulfamide)、氟噻菌淨(flutianil)、福
多寧(flutolanil)、護汰芬(flutriafol)、糠醛(furfural)、拌種胺(furmecyclox)、氟美托(flumetover)、氟嗎啉(flumorph)、丙氧喹啉(proquinazid)、撲克拉(prochloraz)、撲滅寧(procymidone)、硫菌威(prothiocarb)、丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)、普拔克(propamocarb)、普克利(propiconazole)、甲基鋅乃浦(propineb)、呋甲硫菌靈(furophanate)、撲殺熱(probenazole)、溴克座(bromuconazole)、六氯丁二烯(hexachlorobutadiene)、菲克利(hexaconazole)、環己硫磷(hexylthiofos)、3-苯并[b]噻吩-2-基-5,6-二氫-1,4,2-噻4-氧化物(bethoxazin)、本達樂(benalaxyl)、精苯霜靈(benalaxyl-M)、麥鏽靈(benodanil)、免賴得(benomyl)、披扶座(pefurazoate)、醌肟腙(benquinox)、平克座(penconazole)、抑菌啉(benzamorf)、賓克隆(pencycuron)、苯甲羥肟酸(benzohydroxamic acid)、丙唑草隆(bentaluron)、佈生(benthiazole)、苯噻菌胺(benthiavalicarb-isopropyl)、吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)、戊苯吡菌胺(penflufen)、白克列(boscalid)、氯瘟磷(phosdiphen)、福賽得(fosetyl)、乙磷鋁(fosetyl-Al)、保粒黴素(polyoxins)、保粒黴素(丁)(polyoxorim)、福代锌(polycarbamate)、福爾培(folpet)、甲醛(formaldehyde)、機油(machine oil)、錳乃浦(maneb)、代森錳鋅(mancozeb)、曼普胺(mandipropamid)、滅克寧(myclozolin)、邁克尼(myclobutanil)、米多黴素(mildiomycin)、代森環(milneb)、苯并威(mecarbinzid)、滅速克(methasulfocarb)、間氯敵菌酮(metazoxolon)、威百畝(metam)、斯美地(metam-sodium)、滅達樂(met
alaxyl)、右滅達樂(metalaxyl-M)、免得爛(metiram)、甲基異硫氰酸酯(methyl isothiocyanate)、敵蟎普(mepthyldinocap)、滅特座(metconazole)、噻菌胺(metsulfovax)、三甲呋菌胺(methfuroxam)、苯氧菌胺(metominostrobin)、滅芬農(metrafenone)、滅派林(mepanipyrim)、精甲霜靈(mefenoxam)、消蟎多(meptyldinocap)、滅普寧(mepronil)、巴斯丹(mebenil)、碘甲烷(iodomethane)、吡咪唑(rabenzazole)、氯化苄二甲烴銨(benzalkonium chloride)、鹼性氯化銅(basic copper chloride)、鹼性硫酸銅(basic copper sulfate)、金屬銀(silver)等之無機殺菌劑、次氯酸鈉(sodium hypochlorote)、氫氧化銅(cupric hydroxide)、可濕性硫劑(wettable sulfur)、石灰硫磺合劑(calcium polysulfide)、碳酸氫鉀(potassium hydrogen carbonate)、碳酸氫鈉(sodium hydrogen carbonate)、無機硫(sulfur)、無水硫酸銅(copper sulfate anhydride)、二甲基二硫代胺基甲酸鎳(nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate)、8-羥基喹啉銅(oxine copper)之類的銅系化合物、硫酸鋅(zinc sulfate)、硫酸銅五水合物(copper sulfate pentahydrate)等。
同樣地,作為除草劑可列舉例如1-萘基乙醯胺、2,4-PA、2,3,6-TBA、2,4,5-T、2,4,5-TB、2,4-D、2,4-DB、2,4-DEB、2,4-DEP、3,4-DA、3,4-DB、3,4-DP、4-CPA、4-CPB、4-CPP、MCP、MCPA、MCPA硫乙基(MCPA-thioethyl)、MCPB、碘苯腈(ioxynil)、苯草醚(aclonifen)、草芬定(azafenidin)、亞喜芬(acifluorfen)、滅蘇民
(aziprotryne)、四唑嘧磺隆(azimsulfuron)、亞速爛(asulam)、乙草胺(acetochlor)、草脫淨(atrazine)、阿特拉通(atraton)、疏草隆(anisuron)、莎稗磷(anilofos)、四烯雌酮(aviglycine)、離層酸(abscisic acid)、胺唑草酮(amicarbazone)、醯嘧磺隆(amidosulfuron)、殺草強(amitrole)、胺環吡克(aminocyclopyrachlor)、氯氨吡啶酸(aminopyralid)、胺草酮(amibuzin)、甲基胺草磷(amiprophos-methyl)、胺酮(ametridione)、草殺淨(ametryn)、拉草(alachlor)、二丙烯草胺(allidochlor)、亞汰草(alloxydim)、五氯戊酮酸(alorac)、愛速隆(isouron)、丁脒胺(isocarbamid)、異氯草酮(isoxachlortole)、異草醚(isoxapyrifop)、異唑草酮(isoxaflutole)、異草胺(isoxaben)、異草定(isocil)、異草完隆(isonoruron)、異丙隆(isoproturon)、異丙樂靈(isopropalin)、氮草草(isopolinate)、丁草酮(isomethiozin)、依納素(inabenfide)、草怕津(ipazine)、鹵苯胺唑(ipfencarbazone)、氯胺草啶鹼(iprymidam)、滅草喹(imazaquin)、甲咪唑煙酸(imazapic)、依滅草(imazapyr)、伊馬札甲帕(imazamethapyr)、咪草酸(imazamethabenz)、咪草酸甲酯(imazamethabenz-methyl)、甲氧咪草煙(imazamox)、咪草煙(imazethapyr)、依速隆(imazosulfuron)、三茚草胺(indaziflam)、茚草酮(indanofan)、吲哚丁酸(indolebutyric acid)、烯效唑-P(uniconazole-P)、甘草津(eglinazine)、戊草丹(esprocarb)、胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron)、甲基胺苯磺隆(ethametsulfuron-methyl)、乙丁烯氟靈(ethalfluralin)、硫草敵(ethiolate)、吲
熟酯(ethychlozate ethyl)、磺噻隆(ethidimuron)、硝草酚(etinofen)、益收生長素(ethephon)、亞速隆(ethoxysulfuron)、氯氟草醚(ethoxyfen)、乙胺草醚(etnipromid)、乙氧呋草黄(ethofumesate)、乙氧苯草胺(etobenzanid)、三唑磺(epronaz)、抑草蓬(erbon)、草多索(endothal)、樂滅草(oxadiazon)、丙炔草酮(oxadiargyl)、去稗安(oxaziclomefone)、環氧嘧磺隆(oxasulfuron)、草噠松(oxapyrazon)、復祿芬(oxyfluorfen)、黃草消(oryzalin)、嘧苯胺磺隆(orthosulfamuron)、坪草丹(orbencarb)、苯酮唑(cafenstrole)、克草胺酯(cambendichlor)、除草隆(carbasulam)、克繁草(carfentrazone)、乙基克繁草(carfentrazone-ethyl)、卡草靈(karbutilate)、草長滅(carbetamide)、特唑威(carboxazole)、快伏草(quizalofop)、快伏草-P(quizalofop-P)、快伏草-乙基(quizalofop-ethyl)、二甲苯草胺(xylachlor)、莫克草(quinoclamine)、氯藻胺(quinonamid)、快克草(quinclorac)、氯甲喹啉酸(quinmerac)、苄草隆(cumyluron)、碘氯啶酯(cliodinate)、嘉磷塞(glyphosate)、固殺草(glufosinate)、固殺草-P(glufosinate-P)、醚草敏(credazine)、剋草同(clethodim)、番茄美素(cloxyfonac)、游離炔草酸(clodinafop)、炔草酯(clodinafop-propargyl)、綠麥隆(chlorotoluron)、畢克草(clopyralid)、環丁烯草酮(cloproxydim)、調果酸(cloprop)、滅落寧(chlorbromuron)、氯丁草(clofop)、可滅蹤(clomazone)、甲氧基護谷(chlomethoxynil)、甲氧除草醚(chlomethoxyfen)、克普草(clomeprop)、炔禾靈(chlorazifop)、可樂津(chlorazine)
、氯酯磺草胺酸(cloransulam)、地快樂(chloranocryl)、克爛本(chloramben)、氯酯磺草胺(cloransulam-methyl)、氯草敏(chloridazon)、氯嘧磺隆(酸)(chlorimuron)、氯嘧磺隆乙酯(chlorimuron-ethyl)、氯磺隆(chlorsulfuron)、大克草(chlorthal)、草克樂(chlorthiamid)、氯麥隆(chlortoluron)、全滅草(chlornitrofen)、伐草克(chlorfenac)、燕麥酯(chlorfenprop)、氯炔靈(chlorbufam)、氟咪殺(chlorflurazole)、氯甲丹(chlorflurenol)、草敗死(chlorprocarb)、氯苯胺靈(chlorpropham)、克美素(chlormequat)、乙氧苯隆(chloreturon)、羥敵草腈(chloroxynil)、枯草隆(chloroxuron)、三氯丙酸(chloropon)、嘧啶肟草醚(saflufenacil)、氰乃淨(cyanazine)、氰草淨(cyanatryn)、二醛酯(di-allate)、達有龍(diuron)、二乙除草双(diethamquat)、汰克草(dicamba)、環莠隆(cycluron)、草滅特(cycloate)、環殺草(cycloxydim)、雙氯磺草胺(diclosulam)、環磺隆(cyclosulfamuron)、2,4-滴丙酸(dichlorprop)、精2,4-滴丙酸-P(dichlorprop-P)、敵草腈(dichlobenil)、禾草靈(diclofop)、禾草畏(diclofop-methyl)、苄胺靈(dichlormate)、氯雙脲(dichloralurea)、大刈特(diquat)、咯草隆(cisanilide)、2,4-滴硫鈉(disul)、環草隆(siduron)、汰硫草(dithiopyr)、撻乃安(dinitramine)、吲哚酮草酯(cinidon-ethyl)、戊硝酚(dinosam)、西速隆(cinosulfuron)、達諾殺(dinoseb)、特樂酚(dinoterb)、地樂特(dinofenate)、丙硝酚(dinoprop)、丁基賽伏草(cyhalofop-butyl)、草乃敵(diphenamid)、枯莠隆(difenoxuron)、戊味禾草靈(difeno
penten)、野燕枯(difenzoquat)、洒布淨(cybutryne)、環丙津(cyprazine)、三環塞草胺(cyprazole)、吡氟草胺(diflufenican)、氟吡草腙(diflufenzopyr)、殺草淨(dipropetryn)、希普利敏(cypromid)、賽伯刈(cyperquat)、激勃素(gibberellin)、草滅淨(simazine)、草滅散(dimexano)、二甲草胺(dimethachlor)、草噠酮(dimidazon)、異戊乙淨(dimethametryn)、汰草滅(dimethenamid)、西草淨(simetryn)、西瑪通(simeton)、哌草丹(dimepiperate)、唑隆(dimefuron)、環庚草醚(cinmethylin)、滅草靈(swep)、吖庚磺酯(sulglycapin)、磺草酮(sulcotrione)、草克死(sulfallate)、甲磺草胺(sulfentrazone)、磺醯磺隆(sulfosulfuron)、甲嘧磺隆(sulfometuron)、甲嘧磺隆甲酯(sulfometuron-methyl)、密草通(secbumeton)、西殺草(sethoxydim)、另丁津(sebuthylazine)、特草定(terbacil)、殺草隆(daimuron)、邁隆(dazomet)、得拉本(dalapon)、噻氟隆(thiazafluron)、噻草定(thiazopyr)、唑酮磺吩酸(thiencarbazone)、噻酮磺隆(thiencarbazone-methyl)、第二草丹(tiocarbazil)、嘧草胺(tioclorim)、殺丹(thiobencarb)、噻二唑草胺(thidiazimin)、噻苯隆(thidiazuron)、噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron)、甲基噻吩磺隆(thifensulfuron-methyl)、甜菜安(desmedipham)、敵草淨(desmetryn)、四氟隆(tetrafluron)、噻吩草胺(thenylchlor)、牧草胺(tebutam)、得匍隆(tebuthiuron)、特丁通(terbumeton)、得殺草(tepraloxydim)、特糠酯酮(tefuryltrione)、環磺酮(tembotrione)、異丁草胺(delachlor)、特草定(terbacil)、特草靈(terbucarb)
、特丁草胺(terbuchlor)、草淨津(terbuthylazine)、特丁淨(terbutryn)、苯吡唑草酮(topramezone)、三甲苯草酮(tralkoxydim)、三氟草胺(triaziflam)、醚苯磺隆(triasulfuron)、燕麥畏(tri-allate)、草達津(trietazine)、殺草畏(tricamba)、三氯比(triclopyr)、三地芬(tridiphane)、草達克(tritac)、三氟甲磺隆(tritosulfuron)、氟胺磺隆(酸)(triflusulfuron)、氟胺磺隆(triflusulfuron-methyl)、三福林(trifluralin)、三氟啶磺隆(trifloxysulfuron)、茚草酮(tripropindan)、苯磺隆(tribenuron-methyl)、苯磺隆(母酸)(tribenuron)、三氟苯氧丙酸(trifop)、三氟禾草肟(trifopsime)、三甲隆(trimeturon)、鈉得爛(naptalam)、殺奈丹(naproanilide)、滅落脫(napropamide)、煙嘧磺隆(nicosulfuron)、滅殺草(nitralin)、除草醚(nitrofen)、三氟甲草醚(nitrofluorfen)、吡氯草胺(nipyraclofen)、草不隆(neburon)、氟草敏(norflurazon)、草完隆(noruron)、燕麥靈(barban)、巴克素(paclobutrazol)、巴拉刈(paraquat)、對氟隆(parafluron)、氟啶草(haloxydine)、蓋草能(haloxyfop)、蓋草能-P(haloxyfop-P)、甲基合氯氟(haloxyfop-methyl)、氟硝磺醯胺(halosafen)、合速隆(halosulfuron)、氯吡嘧磺隆(halosulfuron-methyl)、畢克爛(picloram)、氟吡醯草胺(picolinafen)、雙環吡喃酮(bicyclopyrone)、農美利(bispyribac)、雙草醚(bispyribac-sodium)、比達農(pydanon)、唑啉草酯(pinoxaden)、必芬諾(bifenox)、哌草磷(piperophos)、殺紋寧(hymexazol)、雙唑草腈(pyraclonil)、磺醯草吡唑(pyrasulfotole)、苄草唑(pyrazoxyfen
)、吡嘧磺隆(pyrazosulfuron)、百速隆(pyrazosulfuron-ethyl)、吡唑特(pyrazolate)、畢拉草(bilanafos)、派芬草(pyraflufen-ethyl)、三氯吡啶醇(pyriclor)、噠草醇(pyridafol)、嘧草硫醚(pyrithiobac)、嘧草硫醚鈉(pyrithiobac-sodium)、必汰草(pyridate)、環酯草醚(pyriftalid)、稗草畏(pyributicarb)、嘧啶肟草醚(pyribenzoxim)、嘧啶硫蕃(pyrimisulfan)、氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron)、嘧草醚(pyriminobac-methyl)、派羅克殺草碸(pyroxasulfone)、啶磺草胺(pyroxsulam)、醯苯磺威(fenasulam)、棉胺寧(phenisopham)、非草隆(fenuron)、異苯碸(fenoxasulfone)、唑菌胺(fenoxaprop)、唑菌胺-P(fenoxaprop-P)、精唑禾草靈(fenoxaprop-ethyl)、脫禾草(phenothiol)、涕丙酸(fenoprop)、稀草隆(phenobenzuron)、塞唑禾草靈(fenthiaprop)、氯苯氧乙醇(fenteracol)、四唑啉酮(fentrazamide)、甜菜寧(phenmedipham)、乙基甜菜寧(phenmedipham-ethyl)、丁基拉草(butachlor)、布芬草(butafenacil)、抑草磷(butamifos)、丁噻隆(buthiuron)、丁硫咪唑酮(buthidazole)、拔敵草(butylate)、炔草隆(buturon)、丁烯草胺(butenachlor)、丁苯草酮(butroxydim)、比達寧(butralin)、伏速隆(flazasulfuron)、甲氟燕靈(flamprop)、氧草醚(furyloxyfen)、拔地草(prynachlor)、甲基氟嘧磺隆(primisulfuron-methyl)、伏寄普(fluazifop)、伏寄普-P(fluazifop-P)、丁基伏寄普(fluazifop-butyl)、異丙吡草酯(fluazolate)、氟氯比(fluroxypyr)、氟硫隆(fluothiuron)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、乙羧氟草醚(fluoroglycofen)、氟
咯草酮(flurochloridone)、福泰芬(fluorodifen)、氟除草醚(fluoronitrofen)、唑啶草(fluoromidine)、氟唑磺隆(flucarbazone)、氟唑磺隆鈉(flucarbazone-sodium)、貝殺寧(fluchloralin)、氟吡磺隆(flucetosulfuron)、草酸(fluthiacet)、草酸甲酯(fluthiacet-methyl)、氟啶嘧磺隆(flupyrsulfuron)、氟噻草胺(flufenacet)、吡氟草胺(flufenican)、氟嗒草酯(flufenpyr)、氟單丙嘧草酯(flupropacil)、氟丙酸(flupropanate)、氟胺草唑(flupoxam)、丙炔氟草胺(flumioxazin)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac)、氟烯草酸(flumiclorac-pentyl)、炔草胺(flumipropyn)、氟每淨(flumezin)、伏草隆(fluometuron)、唑嘧磺草胺(flumetsulam)、氟啶草酮(fluridone)、呋草酮(flurtamone)、氯氟吡氧乙酸(fluroxypyr)、普拉草(pretilachlor)、撲滅生(proxan)、甘撲津(proglinazine)、環丙腈津(procyazine)、氨基丙氟靈(prodiamine)、甲硫磺樂靈(prosulfalin)、氟磺隆(prosulfuron)、苄草丹(prosulfocarb)、普拔草(propaquizafop)、雷蒙得(propachlor)、普拔根(propazine)、除草靈(propanil)、戊炔草胺(propyzamide)、異丙草胺(propisochlor)、茉莉酸丙酯(prohydrojasmon)、咪唑嘧磺隆(propyrisulfuron)、苯胺靈(propham)、氟唑草胺(profluazol)、環丙弗樂林(profluralin)、調環酸鈣(prohexadione-calcium)、丙苯磺隆(propoxycarbazone)、丙苯磺隆鈉(propoxycarbazone-sodium)、氯苯噻草酮(profoxydim)、克草(bromacil)、溴莠敏(brompyrazon)、佈滅淨(prometryn)、撲減通(prometon)、溴苯腈(bromoxynil)、溴酚肟(bromo
fenoxim)、溴丁醯草胺(bromobutide)、糠草腈(bromobonil)、雙氟磺草胺(florasulam)、六氯丙酮(hexachloroacetone)、菲殺淨(hexazinone)、烯草胺(pethoxamid)、草除靈(benazolin)、平速爛(penoxsulam)、克草敵(pebulate)、氟丁醯草胺(beflubutamid)、萬隆(vernolate)、佈福松(perfluidone)、醯苯草酮(bencarbazone)、胺酸殺(benzadox)、苄草胺(benzipram)、苄寧激素(benzylaminopurine)、苯噻隆(benzthiazuron)、雙苯嘧草酮(benzfendizone)、地散磷(bensulide)、免速隆(bensulfuron-methyl)、新燕靈(benzoylprop)、苯並雙環酮(benzobicyclon)、吡草酮(benzofenap)、氟草黃(benzofluor)、本達隆(bentazone)、甲氯醯草胺(pentanochlor)、殺丹(benthiocarb)、施得圃(pendimethalin)、環戊草酮(pentoxazone)、倍尼芬(benfluralin)、吠草黃(benfuresate)、殺木膦(fosamine)、氟磺胺草醚(fomesafen)、甲醯胺磺隆(foramsulfuron)、福芬素(forchlorfenuron)、順丁烯二醯肼(maleic hydrazide)、二甲四氯丙酸(mecoprop)、二甲四氯丙酸-P(mecoprop-P)、地樂施(medinoterb)、磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron)、甲磺胺磺隆(mesosulfuron-methyl)、甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)、滅莠津(mesoprazine)、格草淨(methoprotryne)、滅草胺(metazachlor)、滅草唑(methazole)、雙醚氯吡嘧磺隆(metazosulfuron)、噻唑隆(methabenzthiazuron)、苯草酮(metamitron)、唑醯草胺(metamifop)、斯美地(metam)、氟烯硝草(methalpropalin)、滅草恆(methiuron)、異噻草醚(methiozolin)、甲硫苯威(methiobencarb)、甲
基殺草隆(methyldymron)、甲氧隆(metoxuron)、磺草唑胺(metosulam)、甲磺隆(母酸)(metsulfuron)、甲磺隆(metsulfuron-methyl)、二甲噠草伏(metflurazon)、撲奪草(metobromuron)、吡喃隆(metobenzuron)、醚草通(methometon)、莫多草(metolachlor)、滅必淨(metribuzin)、縮節胺(mepiquat-chloride)、滅芬草(mefenacet)、美福泰(mefluidide)、庚醯草胺(monalide)、特唑隆(monisouron)、滅草隆(monuron)、一氯乙酸(monochloroacetic acid)、綠谷龍(monolinuron)、稻得壯(molinate)、伐草快(morfamquat)、碘甲磺隆(母酸)(iodosulfuron)、碘甲磺隆鈉鹽(iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium)、碘草腈(iodobonil)、碘甲烷(iodomethane)、乳氟禾草靈(lactofen)、理有龍(linuron)、玉嘧磺隆(rimsulfuron)、環草定(lenacil)、硫氰苯胺(rhodethanil)、過氧化鈣(calcium peroxide)、溴化甲烷(methyl bromide)等。
又,藉由與作為生物農藥之例如核多角體病毒(Nuclear polyhedrosis virus,NPV)、顆粒體病毒(Granulosis virus,GV)、細胞質多角體病病毒(Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV)、昆蟲痘病毒(Entomopoxi virus,EPV)等病毒製劑;瘤捕單頂孢(Monacrosporium phymatophagum)、斯氏線蟲(Steinernema carpocapsae)、昆蟲寄生性線蟲(Steinernema kushidai)、穿透巴斯德芽孢菌(Pasteuria penetrans)等作為殺蟲或殺線蟲劑所利用之微生物農藥;木素木霉(Trichoderma lignorum)、放射農桿菌
(Agrobacterium radiobactor)、非病原性噬胡蘿蔔伊文氏桿菌(Erwinia carotovora)、枯草芽孢桿菌(Bacillus subtilis)等作為殺菌劑所使用之微生物農藥;野油菜黃單胞菌(Xanthomonas campestris)等作為除草劑所利用之生物農藥等混合來使用,而可期待同樣的效果。
再者,亦可與作為生物農藥之例如麗蚜小蜂(Encarsia formosa)、科曼尼蚜茧蜂(Aphidius colemani)、癭蠅(Aphidoletes aphidimyza)、潛蠅姬小蜂(Diglyphus isaea)、反顎繭蜂(Dacnusa sibirica)、智利捕植蟎(Phytoseiulus persimilis)、胡瓜鈍綏蟎(Amblyseius cucumeris)、曹氏小黑花椿象(Orius sauteri)等天敵生物;布氏白殭菌(Beauveria brongniartii)等微生物農藥;(Z)-10-十四烯基=乙酸酯、(E,Z)-4,10-十四碳二烯基=乙酸酯、(Z)-8-十二烯基=乙酸酯、(Z)-11-十四烯基=乙酸酯、(Z)-13-二十烯-10-酮、14-甲基-1-十八烯等費洛蒙劑併用。
以下藉由本發明之代表性化合物、及製造中間體之製造例而進一步詳細地說明,但本發明並未僅被限定於此等之例。
[參考例]
中間體(2)之製造例
5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸之製造方法
於高壓釜中,將DPPB(1,4-雙(二苯基膦基)丁烷)(2.2g,10mol%)、三乙胺(14g,2.5eq.)、PdCl2(PPh3)2(911mg,2.5mol%)添加至5,6-二氯菸鹼酸(10g,52mmol)之乙醇(60mL)溶液,並將反應系統作一氧化碳取代(CO壓、4.0MPa),於135℃攪拌4小時。於反應混合物中添加水、3N鹽酸而將水層作成酸性後,以乙酸乙酯提取數次。將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後進行濃縮,將獲得的固體以己烷-乙酸乙酯=2:1(v/v)之溶液洗滌,獲得目的之5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸(10.9g,76%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):9.02(d、1H)、8.44(d、1H)、4.42(dd、2H)、1.33(t、3H)
5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯之製造方法
將於前步驟獲得的5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸(10.9g,47.6mmol)溶解於甲苯(30mL),添加DMF(N,N-二甲基甲醯胺)(4mL)。接著,添加亞硫醯氯(11g,2eq.),並於90℃加熱攪拌3小時。將反應溶液回至室溫,進行濃縮。於另一容器中,於冰冷下將上述濃縮殘渣緩緩加至t-丁醇(35mL,10當量)、THF(四氫呋喃)(100mL)、二異丙基乙基胺(50mL,7eq.)、DMAP(N,N-二甲基-4-胺基吡啶)(6g,1當量)之混合溶液中。將反應混合物加熱回流3小時,冷卻至室溫後,添加水、乙酸乙酯而提取數次。將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後,進行濃縮,加以管柱層析(己烷
-乙酸乙酯=5:1(v/v)),獲得目的之5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯(8.43g,62%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):9.05(d、1H)、8.30(d、1H)、4.50(dd、2H)、1.61(s、9H)、1.44(t、3H)
5-乙基硫-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯之製造方法
將5-氯-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯(8.43g,21.65mmol)溶解於DMF(100mL)。冰冷下,緩緩添加乙硫醇鈉(2.27g,1當量),攪拌5分鐘後,添加水,接著添加0.5N鹽酸。以乙酸乙酯提取數次後,將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後,濃縮,加以管柱層析(己烷-AcOEt=5:1(v/v)),獲得目的之5-乙基硫-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯(6.17g,92%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.91(d、1H)、8.22(d、1H)、4.49(dd、2H)、2.99(dd、2H)、1.61(s、9H)、1.45(t、3H)、1.40(t、3H)
3-乙基硫-5-t-丁氧基羰基胺基吡啶甲酸乙酯之製造方法
將5-乙基硫-6-乙氧基羰基菸鹼酸t-丁酯(6.17g,19.9mmol)溶解於三氟乙酸(30mL),加熱回流30
分鐘。濃縮反應溶液,添加甲苯及乙酸乙酯,再次濃縮。於殘渣中添加t-丁醇(100mL)、三乙胺(6.5g,3eq.)、二苯基磷酸疊氮化物(DPPA)(11.74g,2eq.),於室溫攪拌1小時後,回流4小時。濃縮反應溶液,加以管柱層析(己烷-乙酸乙酯=2:1(v/v)),獲得目的之3-乙基硫-5-t-丁氧基羰基胺基吡啶甲酸乙酯(3.63g,56%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.25(d、1H)、8.09(d、1H)、6.74(s、1H)、4.46(dd、2H)、2.97(dd、2H)、1.53(s、9H)、1.44(t、3H)、1.41(t、3H)
5-胺基-3-乙基硫吡啶甲酸乙酯之製造方法
將3-乙基硫-5-t-丁氧基羰基胺基吡啶甲酸乙酯(670mg,2.06mmol)溶解於三氟乙酸(30mL),於室溫攪拌30分鐘。濃縮反應溶液,添加水及乙酸乙酯、碳酸鉀。以乙酸乙酯提取數次後、將有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後,濃縮,加以管柱層析(己烷-AcOEt=1:3(v/v)),獲得目的之5-胺基-3-乙基硫吡啶甲酸乙酯(358mg,77%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.89(d、1H)、6.80(s、1H)、4.43(dd、2H)、4.08(s、2H)、2.88(dd、2H)、1.56(s、9H)、1.42(t、3H)、1.40(t、3H)
3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶甲酸乙酯之製造方法
將5-胺基-3-乙基硫吡啶甲酸乙酯(1g,4.44mmol)溶解於乙腈(10mL),添加三氟乙酸(500mg,1當量)及p-甲苯磺酸(2.6g,3當量),於5℃左右的水浴中冷卻。將於另外的容器中調整的碘化鉀(2.25g,3當量)與亞硝酸鈉(612mg,2eq.)之水溶液(10mL)緩緩添加至前述反應液中。直接攪拌30分鐘,再於室溫攪拌30分鐘。於反應溶液中添加硫代硫酸鈉水,以乙酸乙酯提取數次後,將有機層乾燥、濃縮,加以管柱層析,獲得目的之3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶甲酸乙酯(761mg,51%)。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):8.61(s、1H)、7.95(s、1H)、4.45(dd、2H)、2.91(dd、2H)、1.43(t、3H)、1.39(t、3H)
3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶甲酸之製造方法
將3-乙基硫-5-碘-2-吡啶甲酸乙酯(761mg,2.26mmol)溶解於乙醇(5mL),添加3M氫氧化鈉水溶液(1.2mL,1.5eq.)。於室溫攪拌5分鐘,添加水及3N鹽酸。以乙酸乙酯提取數次後,將有機層乾燥、濃縮,以定量的產率獲得目的之3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶甲酸。
物性:1H-NMR(CDCl3):13.30(brs、1H)、8.60(d、1H)、8.16(d、1H)、3.00(dd、2H)、1.24(t、3H)
3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸之製造方法
將3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶甲酸乙酯(2g、5.9mmol)、環丙基硼酸(1.0g、2當量)、磷酸鉀(磷酸三鉀)(6.3g、5當量)、PdCl2(dppf)丙酮複合物(1.0g、0.2當量)溶解於甲苯(40mL)與水(10mL)之混合溶劑,加熱回流2小時。冷卻後,以1NHCl淬滅(quench),以乙酸乙酯提取後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥、濃縮,將獲得的殘渣以管柱層析純化,獲得3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸乙酯(1.32g,89%)。
1H-NMR;8.19(d,1H),7.27(d,1H),4.46(q,2H),2.92(q,2H),1.97-1.90(m,1H),1.46-1.37(m,6H),1.13-1.10(m,2H),0.82-0.78(m,2H)
同樣地合成甲酯體、異丙酯體、正丁酯體、醯胺體、甲基醯胺體。
甲酯體
1H-NMR;8.18(d,1H),7.263(s,1H),3.99(s,3H),3.93(2H,q),1.97-1.92(m,1H),1.39(t,3H),1.17-1.12(m,2H),0.84-0.80(m,2H)
異丙酯體
1H-NMR;8.20(d,2H),2.27(d,2H),5.33(m,1H),2.97-2.89(m,2H),1.96-1.91(m,1H),1.45-1.37(m,9H),1.14-1.10(m,2H),0.92-0.82(m,2H)
正丁酯體
1H-NMR;8.19(d,2H),7.27(d,1H),4.40(t,2H),2.92(q,
2H),1.94-1.91(m,1H),1.82-1.77(m,2H),1.46-1.39(m,5H),1.15-1.10(m,2H),0.98(t,3H),0.83-0.78(m,2H)
醯胺體
1H-NMR;8.00(d,1H),7.77(brs,1H),5.41(brs,1H),2.90(q,2H),1.944(m,1H),1.41(t,3H),1.13-1.11(m,2H),0.81-0.80(m,2H)
甲基醯胺體
1H-NMR;7.97(d,2H),7.92(brs,1H),7.23(s,2H),3.00(d,3H),2.88(q,2H),1.96-1.89(m,1H),1.39(t,3H),1.12-1.08(m,2H),0.81-0.77(m,2H)
將3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸乙酯(1.12g,4.5mmol)溶解於乙醇(10mL),並添加15%NaOH水溶液(2.4g,2eq)。於室溫攪拌3小時後,餾除乙醇,添加水而將殘渣完全地溶解,滴下1N HCl,調製為pH3~4。濾取生成的固體,溶解於乙酸乙酯而以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,濃縮而獲得3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸(0.91g,91%)。
1H-NMR;8.01(d,1H),7.31(d,1H),2.95(q,2H),2.00-1.94(m,1H),1.42(t,3H),1.21-1.16(m,2H),0.87-0.84(m,2H)
中間體(3)之製造例
於N-甲基-(5-三氟甲基-吡啶-2-基)-胺3.48g及DMF20mL之混合物中,添加N-溴琥珀醯亞胺4.27g,並於室溫攪拌1小時。於反應混合物中注加飽和氯化銨水溶液
,以乙酸乙酯提取。使有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後,減壓下濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以矽膠管柱層析,獲得N-甲基-(3-溴-5-三氟甲基-吡啶-2-基)-胺4.8g。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:3.08(3H,d),5.40(1H,brs),7.78(1H,d),8.34(1H,s).
於耐壓反應容器中,添加N-甲基-(3-溴-5-三氟甲基-吡啶-2-基)-胺0.51g、乙醯基丙酮銅(II)0.11g、乙醯基丙酮0.20g、碳酸銫1.30g、NMP(N-甲基吡咯啶酮)2mL及28%氨水1mL,並於120℃攪拌7小時及於130℃攪拌3小時。放冷至室溫後,注加飽和氯化銨水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。使有機層以硫酸鈉乾燥後,減壓下濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以矽膠管柱層析,獲得N2-甲基-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2,3-二胺0.28g。
參考例1
2-(3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶之製造
將吡啶甲酸(856mg,2.8mmol)及3-胺基-2-甲基胺基-5-三氟甲基吡啶(690mg)溶解於THF(5mL),依序添加三乙胺(1mL)、4-二甲基胺基吡啶(683mg)及碘化1-甲基-2-
氯吡啶鎓(1.1g)。將反應溶液於室溫攪拌30分鐘後,加熱回流3小時。冷卻至室溫後,添加水,以乙酸乙酯提取數次後,將有機層乾燥、濃縮。將獲得的殘渣溶解於NMP(5mL),添加p-甲苯磺酸(1.5g),並於150℃攪拌1小時。將反應容器冷卻至室溫,加以管柱層析,獲得目的之咪唑并吡啶(411mg,32%、mp:89-90℃)。
以同樣的方法,合成2-(3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-四氟乙基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(mp:110-112℃)。
參考例2
2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶之製造
將於前述反應獲得的咪唑并吡啶(361mg,0.776mmol)溶解於乙酸乙酯(5mL),添加間氯過氧苯甲酸(455mg),並於室溫攪拌2小時。於反應溶液中添加FAMSO(甲基(甲基亞磺醯基)甲基硫醚(methyl(methylsulfinyl)methyl sulfide))數滴及三乙胺(1mL),濃縮後加以管柱層析,獲得目的之磺基體(378mg,98%、mp:174-175℃)。
以同樣的方法,合成2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-四氟乙基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(mp:138-140℃)。
實施例1
2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-五氟乙基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-C]吡啶(化合物編號1-15)之製造
將前述反應所獲得的磺基體(110mg,0.22mmol)、環丙基環狀三醇硼酸鈉(127mg)溶解於DMF(2mL),並添加水(400μL)。氬氣下,添加二氯二苯基膦基二茂鐵鈀(18mg),於100℃加熱攪拌1小時。將反應溶液冷卻至室溫後,濃縮,加以管柱層析,獲得目的之環丙烷體(75mg,82%)。
參考例3
N-(5-三氟甲基-2-胺基甲基苯基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺之製造
將3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸(230mg)溶解於吡啶(2mL),添加1-羥基苯并三唑(13mg,0.1當量)及EDC(1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基胺基丙基)碳二亞胺鹽酸鹽)(400mg、2.0當量)。於室溫攪拌10分鐘後,添加2-甲基胺基-6-三氟甲基苯胺(200mg,1.0當量),再攪拌2.5小時。之後,添加氯化銨水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。使有機相以硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓下餾除溶劑,獲得N-(5-三氟甲基-2-胺基甲基苯基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(470mg,定量的)。
製造例1
2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑之製法(化合物編號7-13)
將N-(5-三氟甲基-2-胺基甲基苯基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(470mg)溶解於甲苯(1.5mL),並添加乙酸(1.5mL)。於100℃攪拌1.5小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加水而以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(395mg,81%)。
製造例2
2-(3-乙基亞磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(化合物編號7-14)、及2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(化合物編號7-15)之製造
將2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(190mg)溶於乙酸乙酯(2mL),並添加m-CPBA(間氯過氧苯甲酸)(185mg,1.5當量)。於室溫攪拌1小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加硫代硫酸鈉水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得2-(3-乙基亞磺醯基-5-
環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(55mg,30%)、2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-1-甲基-5-三氟甲基-1H-苯并咪唑(84mg,45%)。
參考例4
5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-硝基-2-醇之製造
將5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-醇(500mg)溶於硫酸(6mL),一邊冰冷一邊添加硝酸。升溫至室溫,攪拌1.5小時後,加熱至70℃而攪拌4小時。添加水,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,餾除溶劑,藉此獲得5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-硝基-2-醇(426mg、純度約50%)。
參考例5
3-胺基-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-醇之製造
將5-三氟甲基吡啶-3-硝基-2-醇(420mg)溶解於乙醇(4mL),添加溶於水(1mL)的氯化銨(110mg,1.0當量)。於室溫一邊攪拌一邊添加鐵粉(560mg,5.0當量),於加熱回流條件攪拌1.5小時。確認原料之消失,藉由矽藻土過濾而去除金屬等。餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化。獲得3-胺基-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-醇(102mg,19%)。
參考例6
N-(5-三氟甲基-2-羥基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺之製法
將3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸(140mg)溶解於吡啶(2mL),添加1-羥基苯并三唑(8mg,0.1當量)及EDC(215mg、2.0當量)。於室溫攪拌10分鐘後,添加3-胺基-5-三氟甲基吡啶-2-醇(100mg、1.0當量),再攪拌2.5小時。確認原料之消失,添加氯化銨水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。使有機相以硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓下餾除溶劑,獲得N-(5-三氟甲基-2-羥基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(132mg、62%)。
實施例2
將N-(5-三氟甲基-2-羥基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(130mg)溶於甲苯(1mL),於室溫添加三苯基膦(270mg、3.0當量)、偶氮二甲酸雙(2-甲氧基乙基)酯(240mg,3.0當量),一邊加熱至50℃一邊攪拌3小時。以TLC確認原料消失,添加水,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化。獲得目的物(64mg,52%)。
實施例3
將2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(130mg、1.0當量)溶於乙酸乙酯(1mL),添加m-CPBA(106mg、2.5當量)。於室溫攪拌3.5小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加硫代硫酸鈉水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,並添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化。獲得2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(60mg、94%)。
自周知之2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基硫基)酚、2-胺基-4-三氟甲基酚、2-胺基-4-五氟乙基酚、或N3-甲基-6-三氟甲基吡啶-3,4-二胺,以與上述實施例相同之方法,製造化合物編號8-12、8-15、8-18、及2-15。
參考例7
5-三氟甲基-2-巰基-3-硝基吡啶之製造
將2-氯-5-三氟甲基-3-硝基吡啶(500mg)溶於DMF(4mL),添加硫氫化鈉(150mg、1.2當量)。於室溫攪拌3小時,以TLC確認原料之消失後,添加水而以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化。獲得5-三氟甲基-2-巰基-3-硝基吡啶(193mg,39%)。
參考例8
3-胺基-5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶之製造
將5-三氟甲基-2-巰基-3-硝基吡啶(190mg)溶於乙醇(2mL),添加溶於水(0.5mL)的氯化銨(45mg、1當量)。於室溫一邊攪拌一邊添加鐵粉(240mg,5.0當量),回流下攪拌5.5小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,藉由矽藻土過濾而去除金屬。添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得3-胺基-5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶(70mg、46%)。
參考例9
N-(5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺之製法
將3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸(96mg)溶於吡啶(1.5mL),添加1-羥基苯并三唑(5mg、0.1當量)、EDC(165mg,2.4當量),於室溫攪拌20分鐘。滴下溶於吡啶(2mL)的3-胺基-5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶(70mg、1.0當量),於室溫攪拌4小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加水而以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉並脫水,餾除溶劑,獲得粗製之N-(5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(160mg)。
實施例4
2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-噻唑
并[5,4-b]吡啶之製法(化合物編號5-13)
將粗製之N-(5-三氟甲基-2-巰基吡啶-3-基)-3-乙基硫-5-環丙基-吡啶甲酸醯胺(160mg)溶於NMP(1mL),添加P-甲苯磺酸(115mg),並於150℃攪拌2小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加水並以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉並脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(64mg,47%)。
實施例5
2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶之製造(化合物編號5-15)
將2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(55mg)溶於乙酸乙酯(1mL),並添加m-CPBA(82mg,2.2當量)。於室溫攪拌1.5小時。確認原料之消失,添加硫代硫酸鈉水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化。獲得2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-噻唑并[5,4-b]吡啶(15mg、28%)。
參考例10
6,6-二硫二基(disulfanediyl)雙(3-三氟甲基苯胺)之
製法
將4-三氟甲基-2-硝基氯苯(2.0g)溶於DMF(15mL),於室溫添加硫氫化鈉(1.0g,2.0當量)。攪拌5小時,以TLC確認原料之消失,添加水而以乙酸乙酯提取。獲得粗生成物(1.65g,純度<50%)。將獲得的粗生成物溶於乙醇(15mL),添加溶於水(5mL)的氯化銨(200mg)。於室溫一邊攪拌一邊添加鐵粉(2.1g,過剩量),於加熱回流條件攪拌2小時。之後藉由矽藻土過濾而去除金屬。添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得6,6-二硫二基雙(3-三氟甲基苯胺)(274mg,16%)。
參考例11
氯化3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸之製法
將3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸(220mg)溶於THF(1mL),將DMF添加觸媒量。於此溶液中滴下草醯氯(oxalyl chloride)(150mg,1.2當量),於室溫攪拌5小時。餾除溶劑而獲得氯化3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸。
參考例12
N-(2-((2-胺基-4-三氟甲基苯基)二硫烷基(disulfanyl))-5-三氟苯基)-5-環丙基-3-乙基硫吡啶甲酸
醯胺之製法
將150mg之6,6-二硫二基雙(3-三氟甲基苯胺)溶於THF(1mL),添加三乙胺(158mg,4.0當量)。再少量分批添加氯化3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶甲酸,於室溫攪拌3小時。添加水,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉並脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得N-(2-((2-胺基-4-三氟甲基苯基)二硫烷基)-5-三氟苯基)-5-環丙基-3-乙基硫吡啶甲酸醯胺(134mg,58%)。
實施例6
2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-苯并噻唑之製造(化合物編號9-10)
將前步驟所製造的吡啶甲酸醯胺(130mg)溶於NMP(2mL),氬氣環境下,添加次硫酸甲醛鈉(rongalite)(51mg,1.5當量)。再添加P-甲苯磺酸一水合
物(63mg,1.5當量),於150℃攪拌1小時。之後,添加水而以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉並脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-苯并噻唑(66mg、79%)。
實施例7
2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-苯并噻唑之製造(化合物編號9-12)
將2-(3-乙基硫-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-苯并噻唑(50mg)溶於乙酸乙酯(1mL),添加mCPBA〈76mg,2.2當量〉,並於室溫攪拌2.5小時。以TLC確認原料之消失,添加硫代硫酸鈉水溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取。添加硫酸鈉而脫水,添加矽膠而餾除溶劑,以管柱層析純化,獲得2-(3-乙基磺醯基-5-環丙基吡啶-2-基)-5-三氟甲基-苯并噻唑(15mg,28%)。
參考例13
1-(4-甲氧基苄基)-3-甲基2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)丙二酸酯之製法
將2-(3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(1.1g,2.4mmol)、碘化銅(I)(0.09g
,0.2當量)、吡啶甲酸(0.12g,0.4當量)、丙二酸甲基對甲氧基苄酯(0.68g,1.2當量)、碳酸銫(3.1g,4當量)溶於THF(48mL),於60℃攪拌1小時。反應結束後,添加飽和氯化銨水溶液後,以乙酸乙酯提取。以無水硫酸鈉乾燥後,減壓濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得1-(4-甲氧基苄基)-3-甲基2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)丙二酸酯(1.4g)。
參考例14
2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯之製法
將前步驟製造的丙二酸酯(1.4g,2.4mmol)溶於三氟乙酸(10mL),於50℃攪拌2小時。濃縮後,加以管柱層析,獲得2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯(818mg,82%)。
參考例15
1-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯
將前步驟製造的乙酸酯(818mg,2.0mmol)溶解於DMF(20mL),添加1,2-二溴乙烷(1.5g,4當量)。之後,
冷卻至0℃,添加60% NaH(160mg,2當量)。於0℃攪拌1小時,於室溫攪拌3小時後,將反應液滴下至1N HCl水溶液中。以乙酸乙酯提取後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥。將減壓濃縮而獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得1-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯(700mg,80%)。
實施例8
1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯(化合物編號11-2)
將前步驟獲得的環丙烷甲酸酯(510mg,1.1mmol)溶解於乙酸乙酯(10mL),添加65% mCPBA(670mg,2當量)。於室溫攪拌3小時後,添加FAMSO、三乙胺,將濃縮溶劑而獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯(530mg,97%)。
實施例9
1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸之製法(化合物編號11-1)
將前步驟獲得的環丙烷甲酸酯(530mg,1.1mmol)溶於甲醇(10mL),添加15%氫氧化鈉水溶液(0.3g,1.1當量)。於40℃攪拌2小時,添加水。餾除甲醇後,以1N HCl調整為pH4。以乙酸乙酯提取後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,餾除溶劑而獲得1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸(510mg,99%)。
實施例10
1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸醯胺之製法(化合物編號11-6)
將前步驟獲得的環丙烷甲酸(530mg,1.1mmol)溶於THF(10mL),添加草醯氯(oxalyl chloride)(160mg,1.1當量)。於室溫攪拌1小時後將溶液濃縮,獲得酸氯化物〈500mg,90%〉。將該酸氯化物(360mg,0.76mmol)少量分批地添加於28%氨水(5mL)。於室溫攪拌1小時後,以乙酸乙酯提取後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥、濃縮,將獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸醯胺(300mg,87%)。
實施例11
1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并
[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲腈之製法(化合物編號11-13)
將前步驟獲得的環丙烷甲酸醯胺(300mg,0.66mmol)溶解於DMF(2mL),添加氧氯化磷(41mg,0.4當量)。於室溫攪拌1小時後,添加飽和碳酸氫鈉水,以乙酸乙酯提取後,以無水硫酸鈉乾燥、濃縮,將獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得1-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲腈(150mg,52%)。
自周知之2-胺基-4-(三氟甲基硫)酚、或N3-甲基-6-三氟甲基吡啶-3,4-二胺,以與上述實施例同樣之方法,製造化合物編號18-173及2-13。
參考例16
3-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸甲酯之製法
於2-(3-乙基硫-5-碘吡啶-2-基)-3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶(1700mg)中,添加丙烯酸甲酯(630mg)、乙酸鈀(II)(82mg)、三(o-甲苯基)膦(220mg)、N,N-二異丙基乙基胺(940mg)、二甲基甲醯胺(36mL),作氬氣取代後,於90℃攪拌3小時。將反應混合物冷卻至室
溫後,注加水,以乙酸乙酯提取,以飽和食鹽水將有機層洗淨。將有機層以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓下濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以矽膠管柱層析,獲得3-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶-3-基)丙烯酸甲酯(1100mg)。
物性:熔點159-161℃
參考例17
2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯之製造
於三甲基碘化鋶(trimethyl sulfoxonium iodide)(26mg)、DMSO(二甲基亞碸)(0.6mL)之混合溶液中,添加氫化鈉(6mg),並於室溫下攪拌30分鐘。0℃下於混合溶液中添加前步驟所製造的酯(50mg)、THF(0.6mL)之混合溶液,攪拌20分鐘後,於室溫攪拌3小時。注加冰水,以乙酸乙酯提取,以飽和食鹽水將有機層洗淨。將有機層以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓下濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以矽膠管柱層析,獲得2-(5-乙基硫-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯(16mg)。
物性:熔點118-120℃
實施例12
2-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并
[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯之製造(化合物編號11-82)
於前步驟所獲得的環丙烷甲酸甲酯(16mg)、乙酸乙酯(0.4ml)之混合溶液中,於0℃添加m-CPBA(23mg),並於室溫攪拌2小時。於反應混合物中注加飽和硫代硫酸氫鈉溶液,以乙酸乙酯提取,以飽和碳酸氫鈉水、飽和食鹽水將有機層洗淨。將有機層以無水硫酸鈉乾燥,減壓下濃縮。將獲得的殘渣加以管柱層析,獲得2-(5-乙基磺醯基-6-(3-甲基-6-三氟甲基-3H-咪唑并[4,5-b]吡啶-2-基)吡啶)-3-基)環丙烷甲酸甲酯(8.0mg)。
於以下顯示製劑的實施例,但並非被限定於此等。製劑例中,份係表示重量份。
製劑例1.
將以上均勻地混合溶解作成乳劑。
製劑例2.
將以上均勻地混合粉碎作成粉劑。
製劑例3.
將以上均勻地混合,添加適量的水進行混煉、造粒、乾燥而作成粒劑。
製劑例4.
將以上均勻地混合粉碎作成可溼性粉劑。
其次顯示本發明之試驗例,但並非被限定於此等。
試驗例1.
對桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的防治效價(control value)試驗
於直徑8cm、高8cm的塑膠盆種植白菜使桃蚜繁殖,調査各個盆的寄生蟲數。使本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類分散於水中,而稀釋為500ppm的藥液,將該藥液散布於盆栽植的白菜之莖葉並風乾後,將盆保管於溫室,在藥劑散布後第6日調査寄生在各個白菜之桃蚜的寄生蟲數,由下述式算出防治效價,按照下述判定基準來判定。
防治效價=100-{(T×Ca)/(Ta×C)}×100
Ta:處理區之散布前寄生蟲數
T:處理區之散布後寄生蟲數
Ca:無處理區之散布前寄生蟲數
C:無處理區之散布後寄生蟲數
判定基準
A‧‧‧防治效價100%
B‧‧‧防治效價99%~90%
C‧‧‧防治效價89%~80%
D‧‧‧防治效價79%~50%
其結果,本發明化合物之1-15、1-16、1-18、2-15、3-13、3-15、5-13、5-15、7-13、7-14、7-15、8-10、8-12、8-15、8-16、8-18、9-10、9-12、11-1、11-2、11-3、11-6、11-10、11-13、11-14、11-16、11-27、11-50、11-53、11-60、11-68、11-73、11-80、11-81、11-82、11-86、11-93、11-94、11-96、11-131、11-140、11-141、11-148、12-1、12-2、12-6、12-13、18-1、18-2、18-6、18-13、18-161、18-162、18-166、18-173、18-174、18-176、18-187、18-210、18-211、18-213、18-220、18-221、18-228、18-233、18-234、20-2、20-21、20-22、20-24、20-26、20-39、20-41、20-42、20-44、20-45、20-46、及20-53係顯示A之活性。
試驗例2. 對於斑飛蝨(Laodelphax striatella)之殺蟲試驗
使本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類分散於水中而稀釋為500ppm之藥液,將稻實生苗(
品種:日本晴)浸漬於該藥液30秒鐘,在風乾之後置入玻璃試管,並於各接種第三齡期斑飛蝨10隻後,以棉塞加蓋,在接種8日後調査活蟲及死蟲數,並從下述式算出校正死蟲率,按照試驗例1的判定基準來進行判定。
其結果,本發明化合物之1-15、1-16、1-18、2-15、3-13、3-15、5-13、5-15、7-13、7-14、7-15、8-10、8-12、8-15、8-16、8-18、9-10、9-12、11-1、11-2、11-3、11-6、11-10、11-13、11-14、11-16、11-27、11-50、11-53、11-60、11-68、11-73、11-80、11-81、11-82、11-86、11-93、11-94、11-96、11-131、11-140、11-141、11-148、12-1、12-2、12-6、12-13、18-1、18-2、18-6、18-13、18-161、18-162、18-166、18-173、18-174、18-176、18-187、18-210、18-211、18-213、18-220、18-221、18-228、18-233、18-234、20-2、20-21、20-22、20-24、20-26、20-39、20-41、20-42、20-44,20-45、20-46、及20-53係顯示A之活性。
試驗例3. 對小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的殺蟲試驗
在白菜實生苗放養小菜蛾的成蟲使其產卵,在放養2日後將附有產下卵的白菜實生苗浸漬於將以本發明之通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物作為有效成分之藥劑稀釋為500ppm的藥液約30秒鐘,並在風乾後靜置於25℃的
恆溫室。在藥液浸漬6日後,調査孵化蟲數,並自下述式算出死蟲率,按照試驗例1的判定基準來判定。1區10隻重複3次。
其結果,本發明化合物之1-15、1-16、1-18、2-15、3-13、3-15、5-13、5-15、7-13、7-14、7-15、8-10、8-12、8-15、8-16、8-18、9-10、9-12、11-1、11-2、11-3、11-6、11-10、11-13、11-14、11-16、11-27、11-50、11-53、11-60、11-68、11-73、11-80、11-81、11-86、11-93、11-94、11-96、11-131、11-140、11-141、11-148、12-1、12-2、12-6、12-13、18-1、18-2、18-6、18-13、18-161、18-162、18-166、18-173、18-174、18-176、18-187、18-210、18-211、18-213、18-220、18-221、18-228、18-233、18-234、20-2、20-21、20-22、20-24、20-26、20-39、20-41、20-42、20-44、20-45、20-46、及20-53係顯示A之活性。
與本發明有關之化合物係對於廣範圍農園藝用害蟲具有優異的防治效果,且為有用的。
Claims (9)
- 一種通式(1)所表示之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,
- 如請求項1之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,其中R1為(a1)(C1-C6)烷基,R2為:(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;或(b5)於環上具有可相同或相異之選自下列的1~2個取代基的(C3-C6)環烷基:(b)氰基、(c)氰基(C1-C6)烷基、(d)甲醯基、(e)羥基(C1-C6)烷基、(n)羧基、(o)(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、(u)R5(R6)N基(式中,R5及R6表示可相同或相異之氫原子、(C1-C6)烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基、(C3-C6)環烷基 (C1-C6)烷基、鹵(C1-C6)烷基、(C1-C6)烷基羰基、(C1-C6)烷氧基羰基、或二(C1-C6)烷基胺基羰基(其中,二(C1-C6)烷基胺基之烷基可為相同或相異));(w)R5(R6)N羰基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同)、及(y)C(R5)=NOR6基(式中,R5及R6與前述相同);R3表示:(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;(c16)鹵(C1-C6)烷基亞磺醯基;或(c17)鹵(C1-C6)烷基磺醯基A為氮原子,A2及A3為CH,A1為O、S、或N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基),m為0、1、或2,n為1。
- 如請求項1之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類,其中A1為O或N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基)。
- 如請求項4之稠合雜環化合物,其中R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;R3表示(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;(c9)鹵(C1-C6)烷氧基;或(c15)鹵(C1-C6)烷硫基;A表示氮原子,A2、A3表示CH,A1表示N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基);m表示0或2,n表示1。
- 如請求項4之稠合雜環化合物,其中R1表示(a1)(C1-C6)烷基;R2表示(b1)(C3-C6)環烷基;R3表示(c8)鹵(C1-C6)烷基;A表示氮原子,A2、A3表示CH,A1表示O、S、或N-R4(其中,R4表示(d1)(C1-C6)烷基);m表示0或2,n表示1。
- 一種農園藝用殺蟲劑,其特徵為含有如請求項1至6中任一項之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分。
- 一種農園藝用殺蟲劑之使用方法,其特徵為以如請求項1至6中任一項之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類之有效量處理植物或土壤。
- 一種動物用外部寄生蟲防治劑,其特徴為含有有效量之如請求項1至6中任一項之稠合雜環化合物或其鹽類作為有效成分。
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CN107207460B (zh) | 2020-09-15 |
EP3252046A1 (en) | 2017-12-06 |
BR112017016173B1 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
HUE049893T2 (hu) | 2020-10-28 |
JP6388671B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
DK3252046T3 (da) | 2020-04-14 |
JPWO2016121997A1 (ja) | 2017-12-07 |
US10266552B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
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