TWI609029B - 嵌段共聚物 - Google Patents
嵌段共聚物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI609029B TWI609029B TW104132194A TW104132194A TWI609029B TW I609029 B TWI609029 B TW I609029B TW 104132194 A TW104132194 A TW 104132194A TW 104132194 A TW104132194 A TW 104132194A TW I609029 B TWI609029 B TW I609029B
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- Prior art keywords
- block
- block copolymer
- carbon atoms
- atom
- structural formula
- Prior art date
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- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 119
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 55
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 38
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 13
- LVJZCPNIJXVIAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(C=C)C(F)=C1F LVJZCPNIJXVIAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 10
- RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anisole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1 RDOXTESZEPMUJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxybenzene Substances CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- KNAVJKUEHLOCRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(#N)C(C)(C)OC(C1=C(C(=CC=C1)S)S)=O Chemical compound C(#N)C(C)(C)OC(C1=C(C(=CC=C1)S)S)=O KNAVJKUEHLOCRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- -1 inorganic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FHXJDKPJCDJBEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-dodecoxyphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FHXJDKPJCDJBEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicylcohexylcarbodiimide Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N=C=NC1CCCCC1 QOSSAOTZNIDXMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000212314 Foeniculum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000004204 Foeniculum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004419 alkynylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000089 atomic force micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012969 di-tertiary-butyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenanthrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YNPNZTXNASCQKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001020 plasma etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromododecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCBr PBLNBZIONSLZBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXYGKDBONOVZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-cyclopenta[a]naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C3CC=CC3=CC=C21 KXYGKDBONOVZOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylsulfanylcarbothioylsulfanyl-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound CCSC(=S)SC(C)(C)C#N AISZNMCRXZWVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005916 2-methylpentyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012987 RAFT agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydroanthracene Natural products C1=CC=C2C=C(CCCC3)C3=CC2=C1 XBDYBAVJXHJMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021398 atomic carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azobenzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMLAVOWQYNRWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940030980 inova Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002073 nanorod Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012985 polymerization agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002954 polymerization reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC4=CC=CC=C4C=C3C=C21 IFLREYGFSNHWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00388—Etch mask forming
- B81C1/00428—Etch mask forming processes not provided for in groups B81C1/00396 - B81C1/0042
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/002—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials the substrate being rotated
- B05D1/005—Spin coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/007—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/14—Organic medium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
- C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
- C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
- C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
- C08F212/08—Styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
-
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Description
本申請案係關於嵌段共聚物和其用途。
嵌段共聚物所具有的分子結構中,具有不同化學結構的聚合物嵌段各者藉共價鍵彼此連接。嵌段共聚物可經由相分離建構如球、圓柱和層狀結構。因為嵌段共聚物的自組現象的結果而形成的結構具有可調整尺寸的區段,且其可構成各種形式,這些形式可用於製造各種下一代的奈米裝置、磁性儲存介質、和圖案(藉蝕刻之類):特定言之,製造高密度磁性記錄介質、奈米線、量子點、金屬點之類。
本申請案提供嵌段共聚物、聚合物膜、形成聚合物膜之方法、及形成圖案之方法。
用於說明的嵌段共聚物可含有嵌段1和不同於嵌段1的嵌段2。嵌段共聚物中的各嵌段可由僅一種類型的單體所構成,或者其可由二或更多種類型的單體所構成。嵌段共聚物可為二嵌段共聚物僅含各一種嵌段1和嵌段2,或者其可為含有嵌段1和嵌段2中之一或二者或與其他類型的嵌段中之2或更多者之三嵌段或多嵌段(具有超過三種類型的嵌段)共聚物。
嵌段共聚物含有2或更多個彼此藉一或多個共價鍵連接的聚合物鏈,並因此而發生相分離。本申請案之以下嵌段共聚物可經由微相分離而形成奈米規格結構。此奈米規格結構的形式或尺寸可經控制,例如,藉嵌段共聚物的尺寸(即,分子量之類)或嵌段之間的相對比。本發明者確認本申請案之以下嵌段共聚物可以高效率,特別是藉自組,形成圓柱形結構。
例如,在本申請案之嵌段共聚物中,藉以下等式1計算的X可在2.5至10或1.1至1.7的範圍內。
[等式1]X=1+(D×M)/(K×L)
在等式1中,D代表該第二嵌段的密度(D2)與該第一嵌段的密度(D1)的比(D2/D1);M代表該第一嵌段的分子量(M1)與該第二嵌段的分子量(M2)的比(M1/M2);K代表在1H-NMR光譜中,基於該第二嵌段製造的峰的面積(A2)與基於該第一嵌段製造的峰的面積(A1)的比
(A2/A1);而L代表該第一嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H1)與該第二嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H2)的比(H1/H2)。
對於進行1H-NMR以得到代入等式1中的K值的方法沒有特別的限制,可以使用此技術習知的任何方法。以上方法的一個例子述於本說明書中之以下的實例段落。自NMR結果計算峰面積的方法為此技術中習知者。例如,當藉由查看NMR結果,自嵌段1和嵌段2各者衍生的峰彼此未重疊時,可簡單地計算峰面積;反之,當峰彼此重疊時,計算峰的比時,將重疊部分列入考慮。此領域中有各種判讀程式用以經由解讀1H-NMR光譜而計算峰面積;例如,MestReC程式可用於計算峰面積。
嵌段共聚物之各嵌段的密度,其為得到代入等式1中的D值所須者,可藉由使用此技術習知的浮力方法測得。例如,藉由分析沒於溶劑(如乙醇,已知其在空氣中的質量和密度)之嵌段共聚物的質量可測得密度。嵌段的密度可以例如,藉由使均聚物(僅由構成以上嵌段之單體所構成者)進行浮力法而測得。
如前述者,代入等式1中的M值對應於嵌段共聚物中之嵌段的重複單元的分子量之比。分子量可藉此技術習知的任何方法得到;例如,可由構成嵌段共聚物中之嵌段的單體的分子量的比得到M值。此情況中,當嵌段共聚物中的任一嵌段由二或更多種類型的單體所構成時,以上嵌段中之以上二或更多類型的單體中之最主要
(以莫耳數計)單體的分子量可代替用於計算M值所須的分子量值。
如前述者,代入等式1中的L值對應於嵌段共聚物所含嵌段的1莫耳重複單元中之氫原子數的比。以上比亦可基於各重複單元的化學結構而得到:例如,自構成嵌段共聚物之各嵌段的單體之化學結構中的氫原子數或藉1H-NMR得到。亦在此情況中,當嵌段共聚物中之任一嵌段係由二或更多種類型的單體所構成時,在以上嵌段中之以上二或更多類型的單體中之最主要的單體(以莫耳數計)之分子量可代入計算L值所須之分子量的值。
除非他處特定指出,否則可取決於本申請案中的溫度而改變的性質(如密度)係於室溫測得的數值。所謂“室溫”是指其未加熱或冷卻的常態溫度,且可以是指約10℃至30℃,約25℃,或約23℃的溫度。
等式1的X係嵌段共聚物中之嵌段1和嵌段2之間的量比的數值。嵌段共聚物中之各嵌段的比通常係基於分子量(由凝膠穿透層析法(GPC)之類得到)測定。但是,本發明者發現,使用以上的一般方法時,未正確地反映嵌段之間的比,且因此,該方法無法如原始設計地實現嵌段共聚物。例如,在試圖藉由使用嵌段共聚物的任一嵌段作為巨引發劑合成時(此將在本說明書中述於下文中),GPC無法單獨驗證嵌段共聚物之合成(其各嵌段含量達到個別目標值)中的偶發失誤,其發生取決於巨引發劑和單體的反應性。
另一例子中,等式1的X可在2.5至6.7,2.5至5,2.8至5,或3.3至5的範圍內。
又另一例子中,等式1的X可為約1.1至1.45,1.1至1.35,1.1至1.33,或1.1至1.25。
例如,如本說明書中下文將描述者,當嵌段1是具有無鹵原子的芳族結構的嵌段並與具有芳族結構且部分被一或多個鹵素原子所取代的嵌段2含於嵌段共聚物中的嵌段或具有側鏈並與含有一或多個鹵素原子的嵌段2含於嵌段共聚物中的嵌段時,範圍由2.5至10的X之嵌段共聚物可形成嵌段2具有圓柱形式且存在於由嵌段1所形成之區域內側之結構,而X範圍由1.1至1.7的嵌段共聚物可形成嵌段1具有圓柱形式並存在於由嵌段2所形成之區域內側之結構。
本申請案中,“側鏈”是指連接至聚合物主鏈的鏈,“成鏈原子”是指形成嵌段共聚物以上側鏈的原子,即,形成側鏈之直鏈結構的原子。側鏈可為直鏈類型或支鏈類型,但成鏈原子數僅以形成最長直鏈的原子數計,鍵結至以上成鏈原子的其他原子(如,當成鏈原子係碳原子、氫原子之類,其鍵結至碳原子)不列入計算。例如,在支鏈型鏈的情況中,成鏈原子數為形成最長鏈之成鏈原子數。例如,側鏈是正戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5,同樣地,當側鏈是2-甲基戊基時,所有的成鏈原子是碳且成鏈原子數是5。成鏈原子的例子可包括碳、氧、硫、和氮;適當的成鏈原子可為碳、氧和氮中之
任一者,或碳和氧中之任一者。在鏈中的成鏈原子數可為8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多,或12或更多。鏈中的成鏈原子數亦可為30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,或16或更少。
以上嵌段共聚物的數量平均分子量(Mn)可為,例如,在3,000至300,000的範圍內。本說明書中,除非特定指明,否則“數量平均分子量”是指以GPC測得並基於聚苯乙烯校正的值,且在本說明書中,“分子量”是指數量平均分子量。另一例子中,Mn可為,例如,3000或更高,5000或更高,7000或更高,9000或更高,11000或更高,13000或更高,或15000或更高。又另一例子中,Mn可為250000或更低,200000或更低,180000或更低,160000或更低,140000或更低,120000或更低,100000或更低,90000或更低,80000或更低,70000或更低,60000或更低,50000或更低,40000或更低,30000或更低,或25000或更低。嵌段共聚物的多分散性(Mw/Mn)可以在1.01至1.60的範圍內。另一例子中,Mw/Mn可為約1.1或更高,約1.2或更高,約1.3或更高,或約1.4或更高。
在此範圍內,嵌段共聚物可展現足夠的自組性。可以考慮感興趣的自組結構等而調整嵌段共聚物的Mn及其它。
可控制以上嵌段共聚物的結構以確保有足夠程度的自組或相分離性質。例如,滿足以上參數之一或多
者之嵌段共聚物中的嵌段1和嵌段2中之一或二者可包括至少一個芳族結構。嵌段1和嵌段2二者可各自包括芳族結構;此情況中,嵌段1或嵌段2中之任一者含括的芳族結構與其他類型的嵌段中之芳族結構相同或不同。此外,滿足以上參數之一或多者之嵌段共聚物中的嵌段1和嵌段2中之至少一者可含有前述側鏈或本說明書將於下文中描述的一或多個鹵原子,且側鏈和鹵原子可取代以上芳族結構的一或多部分。本申請案之嵌段共聚物可含有二或更多個嵌段。
如前述者,以上嵌段共聚物的嵌段1和/或嵌段2可各自包括芳族結構。此芳族結構含括於嵌段1和嵌段2中之一或二者中。當兩種類型的嵌段各者含括於芳族結構中時,含括於一種類型的嵌段中之芳族結構可與另含括於其他類型的嵌段中者相同或不同。
除非另外特定指明,否則本說明書中的“芳族結構”、“芳基”或“伸芳基”是指單價或二價部分,其係衍生自包括苯環、或二或更多個苯環彼此連接(藉共享一或兩個碳原子或藉任何鏈接劑)之化合物或以上化合物之衍生物的結構。以上芳基或伸芳基是指芳基,其具有,例如,6至30個碳原子,6至25個碳原子,6至21個碳原子,6至18個碳原子,或6至13個碳原子。芳基或伸芳基的例子亦可包括單價或二價部分,其衍生自苯、萘、偶氮苯、蒽、菲、稠四苯(tetracene)、芘(pyrene)、苯并芘之類。
以上芳族結構可含括於嵌段的主鏈中或連接(以側鏈形式)至嵌段的主鏈。藉由控制各嵌段可含括的芳族結構,可控制前述參數。
例如,可藉由使嵌段共聚物的嵌段1中含括具8或更多個成鏈原子的鏈作為連接至嵌段的側鏈而控制前述參數。本說明書,“鏈”和“側鏈”係共通標的。在嵌段1包括芳族結構的情況中,以上鏈可連接至芳族結構。
如前述者,側鏈可為含有8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多或12或更多個成鏈原子的鏈。側鏈中的成鏈原子數亦可為30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,或16或更少。成鏈原子各者可為碳、氧、氮和硫中之任一者,或其可適當地為碳和氧中之任一者。
烴鏈(如烷基、烯基和炔基)可為側鏈的例子。以上烴鏈中的至少一個碳原子可經硫原子、氧原子、或氮原子各者取代。
側鏈連接至芳族結構時,該鏈可直接或藉鏈接劑連接至芳族結構。鏈接劑的例子包括氧原子、硫原子、-NR1-、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-和-X1-C(=O)-,其中R1可代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基或芳基,X1可代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-NR2-、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基,其中R2可代表氫原子、烷基、烯基、炔基、烷氧基、或芳基。氧原子可為適當鏈接劑的例子。側鏈可連接至芳族結構,例如,藉氧原子或氮原子。
芳族結構連接(以側鏈形式)至嵌段的主鏈時,以上芳族結構亦可直接或藉鏈接劑連接至主鏈。此情況中,鏈接劑的例子可包括氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1可代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烯基或伸炔基。芳族結構連接至主鏈之適當鏈接劑的例子可包括,但不限於,-C(=O)-O-和-O-C(=O)-。
另一實例中,含括於嵌段共聚物的嵌段1和/或嵌段2中之芳族結構可含有1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多或5或更多個鹵原子。鹵原子數亦可為,例如,30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,15或更少,或10或更少。鹵原子的例子可包括氟和氯,且其可有利地使用氟。包括具一或多個鹵原子的芳族結構的此嵌段可以藉由與另一或其他嵌段之足夠的作用而有效率地實現相分離結構。
含有一或多個鹵原子的例示芳族結構可為具6至30個碳原子,6至25個碳原子,6至21個碳原子,6至18個碳原子或6至13個碳原子的芳族結構,但不限於此。
嵌段共聚物的嵌段1和嵌段2二者包括芳族結構,以在結構中實現足夠程度的相分離時,嵌段1可設定為不含括鹵原子的芳族結構,而嵌段2設定為含括具一或多個鹵原子的芳族結構。此外,前述側鏈可直接或藉含氧或氮的鏈接劑連接至以上嵌段1的芳族結構。
嵌段共聚物含有具側鏈的嵌段時,該嵌段可為,例如,以下結構式1所示的嵌段。
在結構式1中,R代表氫原子或具1至4個碳的烷基;X代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、羰基、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;和Y代表單價取代基,其包括含括8或更多個成鏈原子的鏈連接至彼的環結構。
本申請案中,“單鍵”是指任何特別的原子不存在於對應區域中。例如,在結構式1中的X代表單鍵的情況中,可實現具有Y直接連接至聚合物鏈的結構。
除非他處特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烷基”是指直鏈型、支鏈型或環型的烷基,其具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子,其可經一或多個取代基任意地部分取代(但是,當前述側鏈是指烷基時,該烷基可含8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多或12或更多個碳原子,此處烷基的碳原子數亦可為30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,或16或更少)。
除非他處特定指明,否則本說明書中的“烯基”或“炔基”是指直鏈型、支鏈型或環型烯基或炔基,其具2至20個碳原子,2至16個碳原子,2至12個碳原子,2至8個碳原子或2至4個碳原子,其可經一或多個取代基任意地部分取代(但是,作為前述側鏈的烯基或炔基可含有8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多或12或更多個碳原子,烯基或炔基的碳原子數亦可為30或更低,25或更低,20或更低,或16或更低)。
除非他處特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烷基”是指直鏈型、支鏈型或環型伸烷基,其具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子,其可經一或多個取代基任意地部分取代。
除非他處特定指明,否則本說明書中的“伸烯基”或“伸炔基”是指直鏈型、支鏈型或環型伸烯基或伸炔基,其具1至20個碳原子,1至16個碳原子,1至12個碳原子,1至8個碳原子或1至4個碳原子,其可經一或多個取代基任意地部分取代。
另一例子中,結構式1中的X亦代表-C(=O)O-或-OC(=O)-。
結構式1中的Y代表含有前述鏈的取代基,其可為,例如,包括具6至18個碳原子或6至12個碳原子之芳族結構的取代基。上述鏈可為,例如,具8或更多,9或更多,10或更多,11或更多或12或更多個碳原
子的直鏈烷基。此烷基亦含有30或更少,25或更少,20或更少或16或更少個碳原子。上述鏈可直接或藉前述鏈接劑連接至芳族結構。
另一例子中,嵌段1可藉以下結構式2表示。
結構式2中,R代表氫原子或具1至4個碳的烷基;X代表-C(=O)-O-,P代表具6至12個碳原子的伸芳基,Q代表氧原子,Z代表具8或更多個成鏈原子的前述鏈。
另一例子中,結構式2的P可代表伸苯基,且,在另一例子中,Z代表具9至20個碳原子,9至18個碳原子,或9至16個碳原子的直鏈烷基。P代表伸苯基時,Q可連接至以上伸苯基的對位。一或多個取代基任意地取代以上烷基、伸芳基、伸苯基和鏈。
當嵌段共聚物含有包括具一或多個鹵原子的芳族結構之嵌段時,該嵌段可為,例如,藉以下結構式3表示的嵌段。
在結構式3中,X2代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基、伸炔基、-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中X1代表單鍵、氧原子、硫原子、-S(=O)2-、伸烷基、伸烯基或伸炔基;和W代表具有至少一個鹵原子的芳基。
另一例子中,結構式3的X2可代表單鍵或伸烷基。
結構式3中,W所代表的芳基可為具6至12個碳原子的芳基或苯基,其中芳基或苯基可含1或更多,2或更多,3或更多,4或更多或5或更多個鹵原子。鹵原子數亦可為,例如,30或更少,25或更少,20或更少,15或更少,或10或更少。鹵原子的例子可為氟原子。
另一例子中,結構式3所示嵌段亦可藉以下結構式4表示。
[結構式4]
結構式4中,X2如結構式2中之定義,且R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、烷基、鹵烷基或鹵原子,其中一或多個鹵原子含於標記為R1至R5的位置。
結構式4中,R1至R5各者獨立地代表氫原子、具1至4個碳原子的烷基、具1至4個碳原子的鹵烷基、或鹵素,其中鹵素可為氯或氟。
結構式4中,R1至R5中之2或更多,3或更多,4或更多,5或更多者或6或更多者各自代表鹵素。對於以上鹵素的最大數目沒有特別的限制;其可為,例如,12或更少,8或更少,或7或更少。
該嵌段共聚物可為含有以上兩種類型的嵌段中之一或二者,單獨或與其他類型的嵌段,之共聚物。
對於製備嵌段共聚物之方法沒有特別的限制。嵌段共聚物可以,例如,藉活性自由基聚合反應(LPR)方法聚合,其例子包括藉陰離子聚合反應合成,其中有機稀土金屬錯合物或有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在鹼金屬和無機酸鹽(如鹼土金屬)存在下進
行;藉陰離子聚合法合成,其中有機鹼金屬化合物作為聚合反應引發劑,此在有機鋁化合物存在下進行;原子轉移自由基聚合反應(ATRP)方法,其中ATPR劑作為聚合反應控制劑;藉電子轉移再生的活化劑(ARGET)ATRP方法,其中ATRP劑作為聚合反應控制劑,但聚合反應發生於有機或無機還原劑(其產生電子)存在時;用於連續活化劑再生(ICAR)ATRP方法之引發劑;藉可逆性加成一裂鏈轉移(RAFT)之聚合反應,其中,使用無機還原劑和RAFT劑;及使用有機碲化合物作為引發劑之方法,其中,可以選用適當的方法。
例如,前述嵌段共聚物可經由反應物(其包括能夠形成前述嵌段的單體)之聚合反應,藉由活性自由基聚合法,在自由基引發劑和活性自由基聚合反應劑存在下進行。此製備嵌段共聚物之程序可進一步包括,例如,將經由以上程序製得的聚合反應產物沉澱於非溶劑中。
對於自由基引發劑的類型沒有特別的限制,且可以考慮聚合效能,適當地選擇自由基引發劑;例如,可以使用偶氮化合物(如偶氮基雙異丁腈(AIBN)和2,2’-偶氮基雙-(2,4-二甲基戊腈))或過氧化物系列(如苄醯過氧化物(BPO)和二-三級丁基過氧化物(DTBP))。
活性自由基聚合程序可以,例如,在溶劑(如二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氯苯、二氯苯、苯、甲苯、乙酮、氯仿、四氫呋喃、二噁烷、單甘二甲醚(monoglyme)、二甘二甲醚(diglyme)、二甲基甲醯胺、二
甲亞碸、和二甲基乙醯胺)中進行。
非溶劑的例子包括,但不限於,醇(如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、和異丙醇)、二醇(如乙二醇)、正己烷、環己烷、正庚烷、和醚(如石油醚)。
本申請案亦係關於含有前述嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。該聚合物膜可用於各種應用(例如,各種電子或電力設備)、用於形成前述圖案之程序、用於磁性儲存記錄介質(如快閃記憶體)或用於生物感知器。
一個例子中,前述嵌段共聚物可經由在前述聚合物膜中之自組而實現規則結構,如圓柱形。例如,嵌段1、嵌段2或(在共價鍵結至嵌段1和嵌段2中之任一者之其他嵌段的鏈段中),鏈段在嵌段共聚物中形成規則結構,如圓柱形式。
本申請案亦係關於藉由使用前述嵌段共聚物形成聚合物膜之方法。該方法可包括在基板上形成自組狀態之含有以上嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜。例如,以上方法包括澱積以上嵌段共聚物,或塗覆含有嵌段共聚物之溶液以形成層及之後對該層進行退火處理。以上退火程序可以是指熱退火程序或溶劑退火程序。
以上熱退火可以,例如,基於嵌段共聚物的相轉變溫度或玻璃轉變溫度而進行;例如,可以在等於或大於以上玻璃轉變溫度或相轉變溫度的溫度進行。未特別限制此熱退火的期間且可為,例如,在約1分鐘至72小時的範圍內,雖可視須要地加以改變。此外,熱退火程序
期間內的熱處理溫度可為,例如,約100℃至250℃,其可取決於所用嵌段共聚物而改變。
以上溶劑退火程序可以在適當室溫非極性溶劑和/或溶劑中進行約1分鐘至72小時。
本申請案亦係關於形成圖案之方法。以上方法可包括,例如,自基板和形成於基板上並含有以上自組的嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜所構成的積層物選擇性地移除嵌段共聚物的嵌段1或嵌段2之方法。以上方法可為在以上基板上形成圖案之方法。例如,以上方法可包括在基板上形成含有以上嵌段共聚物的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除存在於以上膜中之嵌段共聚物的任一或多個嵌段,及之後蝕刻此基板。以上方法有助於形成微細圖案,例如,奈米尺寸。此外,藉以上方法可形成多種圖案(如奈米條和奈米孔),此取決於聚合物膜中的嵌段共聚物結構。必要時,以上嵌段共聚物可以與另一共聚物、均聚物之類混合以形成圖案。未特別限制施用於以上方法之基板的類型且可經選擇以適合此應用;例如,可使用氧化矽。
例如,以上方法可形成展現高深寬比的氧化矽奈米尺寸圖案。可實現各種形式(如奈米條和奈米孔),例如,藉由在氧化矽上形成以上的聚合物膜,選擇性地移除以上聚合物膜(其中,嵌段共聚物構成預定結構)中之嵌段共聚物的任一嵌段,及之後藉各種技巧(例如,藉反應性離子蝕刻)中之任一者蝕刻氧化矽。此外,以上方法有助於實現具有高深寬比的奈米圖案。
例如,可以數十奈米尺寸實現以上圖案,且此圖案可用於各種應用包括,例如,用於下一代資訊和電子產品的磁性記錄介質。
例如,可藉以上方法形成其寬度約10nm至40nm的奈米結構(如奈米線)間隔(如,間隔20nm至80nm)放置的圖案。另一例子中,亦可實現以約20nm至80nm間隔放置的奈米孔(如直徑約10nm至40nm)的結構。
此外,以上結構中的奈米線或奈米孔可製成具有高深寬比。
以上方法中,對於選擇性地移除嵌段共聚物之任一嵌段的方法沒有特別的限制;例如,可以使用藉由使得聚合膜以適當電磁波(如紫外射線)照射以移除相對軟嵌段之方法。此情況中,紫外射線照射條件由嵌段共聚物中的嵌段類型決定;例如,其可包括照射波長約254nm的紫外射線1分鐘至60分鐘。
紫外射線照射之後,可藉由以酸之類處理聚合物膜的方式,進行進一步移除已事先藉紫外射線瓦解之鏈段的程序。
對於使用經選擇性地移除某些嵌段的聚合物膜作為遮罩,蝕刻基板之程序沒有特別的限制;例如,以上蝕刻可以經由以CF4/Ar離子之類進行反應性離子蝕刻的方式進行。以上蝕刻之後可經由氧電漿處理之類進行自基板移除聚合物膜的程序。
本申請案提出嵌段共聚物及其用途,該嵌段共聚物展現極佳的自組性質或相分離性質並因此而可有效地用於各種應用。
圖1至4各者係實例或比較例之嵌段共聚物的NMR光譜。
圖5至7各者係實例或比較例之嵌段共聚物之自組膜的AFM或SEM影像。
圖8係說明用於計算等式1的K值之例示方法的圖。
下文經藉由根據本申請案之實例更詳細地描述本申請案,但本申請案之範圍不限於下文提出的實例。
1. NMR測定
使用NMR光譜儀(其包括Varian Unity Inova(500MHz)光譜儀和5-mm三重共振探頭)於室溫進行NMR分析。分析標的材料以用於NMR測定的溶劑(CDCl3)稀釋至濃度約10mg/ml,化學位移以ppm表示。
<施用的縮寫>
br=寬訊號,s=單峰,d=雙峰,dd=雙雙峰,t=三峰,
dt=雙三峰,q=四峰,p=五峰,m=多峰。
2. 凝膠穿透層析術(GPC)
數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈係藉GPC測定。分析標的材料(如實例的巨引發劑或嵌段共聚物)置於5-mL瓶中並以四氫呋喃(THF)稀釋至約1mg/mL濃度。之後,用於校正的標準試樣和待分析的試樣以針筒濾器(孔尺寸:0.45μm)過濾,之後分析。使用ChemStation(Agilent Technologies Inc.)作為分析程式,藉由比較試樣的沖提時間和校正曲線,得到重量平均分子量(Mw)和Mn各者,之後以計算分子量分佈(聚分散性指數,PDI),其為比(Mw/Mn)。GPC的測定條件如下:
<GPC測定條件>
裝置:Agilent Technologies Inc.的1200Series。
管柱:兩個Polymer Laboratories的PLgel MIXED-B
溶劑:THF
管柱溫度:35℃
樣品濃度:1mg/mL,注射200L
標準試樣:聚苯乙烯(Mp:3900000,723000,
316500,52200,31400,7200,3940,485)
3.藉等式1定出X
藉以下方式可得到等式1的各個變數-D,M,K和L:首先,將待分析的試樣(即,僅以構成嵌段1的單體製得的均聚物或僅以構成嵌段2的單體製得的均聚
物)置於溶劑(即,乙醇,已知其於空氣中的質量和密度),由試樣的質量得到各嵌段的密度,計算不同類型的試樣之質量比。
亦可得到M,其為構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段的單體之分子量的比。例如,在實例之各嵌段共聚物的情況中,製備例1之單體(其為構成嵌段1的單體,將於之後述於本說明中)的分子量是346.5g/mol,構成嵌段2的五氟苯乙烯的分子量是194.1g/mol,且由此比,計算得知M值為約1.79。
此外,可得到L,其為構成嵌段共聚物之嵌段的單體中之氫原子數的比。例如,在實例之各嵌段共聚物的情況中,製備例1之單體(其為構成嵌段1的單體)的氫原子數是34,構成嵌段2的五氟苯乙烯的氫原子數是3,且由此比,計算得知L值為約11.3。
最後,由藉前述NMR分析法得到的光譜面積可計算K。此情況中,當峰(其中的各者得自嵌段共聚物中的各嵌段)未彼此重疊時,簡單地分析自各嵌段衍生的峰,以峰面積的比得到K。
反之,當衍生自嵌段共聚物之不同嵌段的峰彼此至少部分重疊時,在得到K值時,應將重疊的部分列入考慮。例如,附圖8係嵌段共聚物的例示NMR光譜,該嵌段共聚物含有根據製備例1製備並施用於以下實例和比較例之衍生自結構式A所示化合物的結構單元,及衍生四五氟苯乙烯的結構單元。圖8中,標記為e的部分和標
記為d的部分是指來自嵌段2(即,衍生自五氟苯乙烯的前述結構單元)的峰,餘者(a,b,c,f,g,h,i和j)係來自製備例1之化合物(結構式A所示者)衍生的結構單元的峰。由圖可看出,標記為e和g的峰和標記為d和f的峰彼此重疊;此情況中,得到K值時,應將峰之重疊列入考慮。
此情況中,藉由將峰之重疊列入考慮而得到K值的方法為此技術習知者;例如,藉由使用NMR解讀程式(如MestReC程式),可得到此值。
製備例1. 單體A之合成
藉以下方法合成以下結構式A所示化合物(DPM-C12):氫醌(10.0g,94.2mmol)和1-溴十二烷(23.5g,94.2mmol)引至250-mL瓶中,溶於100mL乙腈中;之後,過量碳酸鉀加至以上溶液中並使其在氮氣下於約75℃反應約48小時;反應完全之後,反應產物經過濾以移除用於反應之殘留的碳酸鉀和乙腈;之後,添加二氯甲烷(DCM)和水的混合溶劑以處理此物質,收集分離的有機層並以MgSO4脫水;然後,此物質藉管柱層析術(CC)以DCM純化,以得到白色固態標的材料(即4-(十二烷氧基)酚),產率約37%。
<NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ6.77(dd,4H);δ4.45(s,1H);δ3.89(t,2H);δ1.75(p,2H);δ1.43(p,2H);δ1.33-1.26(m,16H);δ0.88(t,3H)。
合成的4-(十二烷氧基)酚(9.8g,35.2mmol)、甲基丙烯酸(6.0g,69.7mmol)、二環己基碳化二醯亞胺(DCC)(10.8g,52.3mmol)和對-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP)(1.7g,13.9mmol)引至瓶中,添加120mL二氯甲烷,之後使其在氮氣氛下於室溫反應24小時;反應完全之後,反應產物經過濾以移除在反應期間內製造的脲鹽及剩餘的二氯甲烷;之後,藉管柱層析術(CC)(其使用己烷和二氯甲烷(DCM)作為移動相)移除物質中的雜質,所得產物在甲醇和水的混合溶劑(以1:1的重量比混合)中再結晶,以得到白色固態標的材料(7.7g,22.2mmol),產率是63%。
<NMR分析結果>
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.02(dd,2H);δ6.89(dd,2H);δ6.32(dt,1H);δ5.73(dt,1H);δ3.94(t,2H);δ2.05(dd,3H):δ1.76(p,2H);δ1.43(p,2H);1.34-1.27(m,16H);δ0.88(t,3H)。
結構式A中,R代表具12個碳原子的直鏈烷基。
實例1.
5.0g製備例1的單體A、165mg可逆性加成
裂鏈轉移(RAFT)劑(氰基異丙基二巰基苯甲酸酯)、79mg自由基引發劑(偶氮基雙異丁腈,AIBN)和11.9mL茴香醚引至25-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於70℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得粉紅色的巨引發劑。此巨引發劑的產率約57.0重量%,數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是10300和1.21。
0.35g以上的巨引發劑、3.2g五氟苯乙烯(構成嵌段2的單體)和1.2mL茴香醚引至10-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於115℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得淡粉紅色的嵌段共聚物。此嵌段共聚物的產率約13重量%,Mn和Mw/Mn分別是15,600和1.15。以上的嵌段共聚物含有嵌段1(其衍生自根據製備例1製得的單體A)和嵌段2(其衍生自前述五氟苯乙烯單體)。根據實例1製備之嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR分析結果示於圖1。
實例2.
5.0g製備例1的單體A、106.5mg可逆性加成裂鏈轉移(RAFT)劑(氰基異丙基二巰基苯甲酸酯)、79mg自由基引發劑(偶氮基雙異丁腈,AIBN)和11.9mL茴香醚引至25-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30
分鐘,之後於70℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得粉紅色的巨引發劑。此巨引發劑的產率約57.0重量%,數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是10,400和1.19。0.3g巨引發劑、3.3g五氟苯乙烯單體和1.2mL苯引至10-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於115℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得淡粉紅色的嵌段共聚物。此嵌段共聚物的產率約18重量%,Mn和Mw/Mn分別是17,800和1.14。以上的嵌段共聚物含有嵌段1(其衍生自根據製備例1製得的單體A)和嵌段2(其衍生自前述五氟苯乙烯單體)。根據實例2製備之嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR分析結果示於圖2。
實例3.
5.0g製備例1的單體A、456mg可逆性加成裂鏈轉移(RAFT)劑(氰基異丙基二巰基苯甲酸酯)、34mg自由基引發劑(偶氮基雙異丁腈,AIBN)和12.8mL茴香醚引至25-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於70℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得粉紅色的巨引發劑。此巨引發劑的產率約60.0重量%,數量平均分子量
(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是5,700和1.18。0.2g巨引發劑、3.4g五氟苯乙烯單體和1.2mL茴香醚引至10-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於115℃進行為時15小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得淡粉紅色的嵌段共聚物。此嵌段共聚物的產率約16重量%,Mn和Mw/Mn分別是59,000和1.22。以上的嵌段共聚物含有嵌段1(其衍生自根據製備例1製得的單體A)和嵌段2(其衍生自前述五氟苯乙烯單體)。根據實例3製備之嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR分析結果示於圖3。
比較例1.
5.0g製備例1的單體A、106.5mg可逆性加成裂鏈轉移(RAFT)劑(氰基異丙基二巰基苯甲酸酯)、79mg自由基引發劑(偶氮基雙異丁腈,AIBN)和11.9mL茴香醚引至25-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於70℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得黃色的巨引發劑。此巨引發劑的產率約52.0重量%,數量平均分子量(Mn)和分子量分佈(Mw/Mn)分別是9,100和1.20。0.5g巨引發劑、4.5g五氟苯乙烯單體和1.7mL茴香醚引至10-mL Schlenk瓶中,在氮氣氛下於室溫攪拌30分鐘,之後於115℃進行為時4小時的RAFT聚合反應。完成聚合
反應之後,反應溶液沉澱於250mL萃取溶劑(甲醇)中及之後在減低壓力下藉過濾而乾燥,製得淡黃色的嵌段共聚物。此嵌段共聚物的產率約15重量%,Mn和Mw/Mn分別是23,200和1.12。以上的嵌段共聚物含有嵌段1(其衍生自根據製備例1製得的單體A)和嵌段2(其衍生自前述五氟苯乙烯單體)。根據比較例1製備之嵌段共聚物的1H-NMR分析結果示於圖4。
彙整根據實例和比較例製得的巨引發劑和嵌段共聚物各者的GPC測定結果並示於以下的表1,彙整根據實例1至3和比較例1製得的嵌段共聚物各者的X值並示於以下的表2。
試驗例1.自組性質之評估
將實例或比較例的嵌段共聚物溶於氟苯中至固體濃度為0.7重量%,此製得塗覆液,將此塗覆液旋塗(塗覆面積:寬×長=1.5cm×1.5cm)在矽晶圓上至厚度約5nm,於室溫乾燥約1小時,之後於約160℃的溫度熱退火約1小時以形成自組膜。取得膜的掃描式電子顯微(SEM)影像。圖5係實例1的AFM影像,圖6係實例2的SEM影像。由影像可看出,使用實例的嵌段共聚物有效地形成具有圓柱形結構的聚合物膜,亦觀察到使用實例3得到具圓柱形結構的聚合物膜。反之,使用比較例1未構成足以形成圓柱形結構的相分離。圖7係比較例1的SEM結果,由此可證實其無法誘發有效的相分離而形成圓柱形結構。
Claims (13)
- 一種嵌段共聚物,其包含包括側鏈之第一嵌段和不同於該第一嵌段之第二嵌段,其中該第一嵌段包括藉以下結構式1表示的結構單元,其中該第二嵌段包括藉以下結構式3表示的結構單元以及其中以下等式1中的X的範圍由2.5至10:[等式1]X=1+(D×M)/(K×L)其中在等式1中,D代表該第二嵌段的密度(D2)與該第一嵌段的密度(D1)的比(D2/D1);M代表該第一嵌段的分子量(M1)與該第二嵌段的分子量(M2)的比(M1/M2);K代表在1H-NMR光譜中,基於該第二嵌段製造的峰的面積(A2)與基於該第一嵌段製造的峰的面積(A1)的比(A2/A1);而L代表該第一嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H1)與該第二嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H2)的比(H1/H2):
- 一種嵌段共聚物,其包含包括側鏈之第一嵌段和不同於該第一嵌段之第二嵌段,其中該第一嵌段包括藉以下結構式1表示的結構單元,其中該第二嵌段包括藉以下結構式3表示的結構單元以及其中以下等式1中的X的範圍由1.1至1.7:[等式1]X=1+(D×M)/(K×L) 其中在等式1中,D代表該第二嵌段的密度(D2)與該第一嵌段的密度(D1)的比(D2/D1);M代表該第一嵌段的分子量(M1)與該第二嵌段的分子量(M2)的比(M1/M2);K代表在1H-NMR光譜中,基於該第二嵌段製造的峰的面積(A2)與基於該第一嵌段製造的峰的面積(A1)的比(A2/A1);而L代表該第一嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H1)與該第二嵌段中之1莫耳重複單元中的氫原子數(H2)的比(H1/H2):
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其包含圓柱形結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其中該結構式1中的環結構為芳族結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其中該成鏈原子為碳、氧、硫、或氮。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之嵌段共聚物,其中該側鏈藉氧原子或氮原子連接至該結構式1中的該芳族結構。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其中在結構式1中該X代表-C(=O)-X1-或-X1-C(=O)-,其中該X1代表氧原子、硫原子、或-S(=O)2-。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其中:在該結構式3中的該X2代表單鍵、氧原子、或硫原子;和 其中W代表包括至少三個鹵原子的芳基。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其具有範圍由3,000至300,000的數量平均分子量。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物,其包含範圍由1.01至1.60的多分散性(Mw/Mn)。
- 一種包含如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組(self-assembled)。
- 一種形成聚合物膜之方法,其包含:在基板上形成包括如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
- 一種形成圖案之方法,該方法包含:自形成於基板上並包括如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物之聚合物膜移除如申請專利範圍第1或2項之嵌段共聚物的該第一嵌段或第二嵌段,其中該嵌段共聚物經自組。
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