TWI582164B - 聚碳酸酯組成物及包括彼之物件 - Google Patents
聚碳酸酯組成物及包括彼之物件 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI582164B TWI582164B TW104140756A TW104140756A TWI582164B TW I582164 B TWI582164 B TW I582164B TW 104140756 A TW104140756 A TW 104140756A TW 104140756 A TW104140756 A TW 104140756A TW I582164 B TWI582164 B TW I582164B
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- chemical formula
- repeating unit
- bis
- polycarbonate
- alkyl
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- C08G64/08—Aromatic polycarbonates not containing aliphatic unsaturation containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
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Description
本申請案主張向韓國智慧財產局(Korean Intellectual Property Office)申請於2014年12月4日之韓國專利申請案第10-2014-0173005號的權益,該申請案之揭示以其全文引用方式併入本文中。
本發明關於一種聚碳酸酯組成物及一種包括彼之物件,且更具體而言,關於一種聚碳酸酯組成物,其包括包含特定矽氧烷結構之共聚碳酸酯及包含支鏈重複單元之支鏈聚碳酸酯,以改良阻燃性和耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度和融熔指數。
聚碳酸酯樹脂係藉由芳族二醇諸如雙酚A與碳酸酯前驅物諸如光氣之縮合聚合製備並具有極佳衝擊強度、尺寸穩定性、耐熱性和透明性。因此,聚碳酸酯樹脂具有在廣
泛用途的應用,諸如電氣和電子產品、汽車零件、建築材料、光學元件的外部材料。
最近,為了將這些聚碳酸酯樹脂應用至更多不同的領域,已經進行了許多研究,以藉由共聚合二或多種彼此具有不同結構的芳族二醇化合物並將具有不同結構的單元引入聚碳酸酯的主鏈中來獲得所要的物理性質。
尤其,已進行對於聚碳酸酯的主鏈中引入聚矽氧烷結構的研究,但大多數這些技術有高生產成本,及阻燃性和耐化學性惡化的缺點。
鑑於上述情況,本發明人已發現一種包括包含特定矽氧烷結構之共聚碳酸酯和包含支鏈重複單元之支鏈聚碳酸酯的聚碳酸酯組成物能夠改良阻燃性和耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度和融熔指數。根據該一發現已經完成本發明。
本發明之一目的為提供一種具有改良的阻燃性和耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度和融熔指數之聚碳酸酯組成物。
本發明之另一目的為提供一種包括該聚碳酸酯組成物之物件。
本發明之一示例性實施態樣提供一種聚碳酸酯組成
物,其包括:(a)支鏈聚碳酸酯,其包括以下示化學式1表示之重複單元和連接多個的以下示化學式1表示之重複單元彼此之三價或四價支鏈重複單元;及(b)共聚碳酸酯,其包括以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第一重複單元,和一或多種具有矽氧烷鍵的以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第二重複單元:
在化學式1中,R1、R2、R3和R4各自獨立地為氫、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基、或鹵素,及Z為未經取代或經苯基取代之C1-10伸烷基、未經取代或經C1-10烷基取代之C3-15伸環烷基、O、S、SO、SO2、或CO。
聚碳酸酯係藉由芳族二醇化合物諸如雙酚A與碳酸酯前驅物諸如光氣的縮聚合製備,並具有極佳衝擊強度、尺寸穩定性、耐熱性和透明性。因此,聚碳酸酯樹脂具有在廣泛用途的應用,諸如電氣和電子產品、汽車零件、建築材料、光學元件的外部材料。為了更加改良聚碳酸酯的物理性質,聚矽氧烷結構可被引入聚碳酸酯的主鏈中,且因此,可改良各種物理性質。然而,儘管在上述各種物理性質的改良,其中引入聚矽氧烷結構之聚碳酸酯仍需要具有優異的阻燃性和耐化學性,以適合於各種應用領域。為此
目的,各種添加劑可一起使用,但這些添加劑可能為劣化聚碳酸酯的原始物理性質之因素。
因此,本發明提供如下所述之聚碳酸酯組成物,其包括其中聚矽氧烷結構被引入聚碳酸酯的主鏈中之共聚碳酸酯,及包括其中引入支鏈重複單元之支鏈聚碳酸酯,藉此改良阻燃性和耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度和融熔指數。
以下,將更詳細地說明本發明。
在本發明中所用之支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)中,三價或四價支鏈重複單元可為該項技術中已知的各種三價或四價重複單元,但較佳地,可為以下示化學式2表示之重複單元。即,作為較佳實例,該支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)可包括以上示化學式1表示之重複單元及以下示化學式2表示之重複單元:
在化學式2中,
R5為氫、C1-10烷基、或,R6、R7、R8和R9各自獨立地為氫、C1-10烷基、鹵素、C1-10
烷氧基、烯丙基、C1-10鹵烷基、或C6-20芳基,及n1、n2、n3和n4各自獨立地為1至4的整數。
以化學式1表示之重複單元係藉由使芳族二醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成。
在化學式1中,較佳地,R1、R2、R3和R4各自獨立地為氫、甲基、氯基、或溴基。
此外,較佳地,Z為未經取代或經苯基取代之直鏈或支鏈C1-10伸烷基,及更佳為亞甲基、乙烷-1,1-二基、丙烷-2,2-二基、丁烷-2,2-二基、1-苯基乙烷-1,1-二基或二苯基亞甲基。此外,較佳地,Z為環己烷-1,1-二基、O、S、SO、SO2、或CO。
較佳地,該以化學式1表示之重複單元可衍生自一或多種選自由下列所組成群組的芳族二醇化合物:雙(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸、雙(4-羥基苯基)亞碸、雙(4-羥基苯基)硫醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)酮、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、雙酚A、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)二苯基甲烷、及α,ω-雙[3-(鄰-羥基苯基)丙基]聚二甲基矽氧烷。
如本文所用,‘衍生自芳族二醇化合物’意指芳族二醇
化合物之羥基和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成以化學式1表示之重複單元。
例如,當雙酚A(其為芳族二醇化合物)和三光氣(其為碳酸酯前驅物)聚合時,以化學式1表示之重複單元係以下示化學式1-1表示:
作為碳酸酯前驅物,可使用至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組:碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丁酯、碳酸二己酯、碳酸二苯酯、碳酸二甲苯酯、雙(氯苯基)碳酸酯、碳酸二間-甲苯酚基酯、碳酸二萘酯、碳酸雙(二苯基)酯、光氣、三光氣、雙光氣、溴光氣和雙鹵甲酸酯。較佳地,可使用三光氣或光氣。
以化學式2表示之重複單元係藉由使芳族多元醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成。
在化學式2中,較佳地,R5為C1-6烷基、或
,更佳地,C1-4烷基,且最佳地,甲基。
此外,較佳地,R6、R7、R8和R9各自獨立地為氫、C1-6烷基、或鹵素,且更佳地,氫。
以化學式2表示之重複單元係衍生自以下示化學式2-1表示之芳族多元醇化合物:
在化學式中2-1,
R5為氫、C1-10烷基、或,及R6、R7、R8、R9、n1、n2、n3和n4係與如前述所定義者相同。
如本文所用,‘衍生自芳族多元醇化合物’意指芳族多元醇化合物之羥基和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成以化學式2表示之重複單元。
例如,當芳族多元醇化合物為THPE(1,1,1-參(4-羥基苯基)乙烷)且與三光氣(其為碳酸酯前驅物)聚合時,以化學式2表示之重複單元係以下示化學式2-2表示:
作為另一實例,當芳族多元醇化合物為4,4’,4”,4'''-甲烷四基四酚且與三光氣(即,碳酸酯前驅物)聚合時,以化
學式2表示之重複單元係以下示化學式2-3表示:
可用於形成以化學式2表示之重複單元的碳酸酯前驅物之說明係與針對可用於形成上述以化學式1表示之重複單元的碳酸酯前驅物所述者相同。
較佳地,該以化學式1表示之重複單元和該以化學式2表示之重複單元的重量比為1:0.001至1:0.1。上述重量比對應於使用於形成以化學式1和2表示之重複單元的芳族二醇化合物和芳族多元醇化合物的重量比。
支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)可藉由聚合上述芳族二醇化合物、上述芳族多元醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物製備。
此外,關於聚合方法,可使用界面聚合法作為一個實例。在此情況下,聚合反應可在低溫和大氣壓下進行,且可容易控制分子量。界面聚合較佳係在酸黏合劑和有機溶劑存在下進行。再者,界面聚合可包括(例如)進行預聚
合,然後添加偶合劑和再次進行聚合之步驟。在此情況下,可獲得具有高分子量的共聚碳酸酯。
不特別限制界面聚合中所使用的材料,只要彼等可使用於聚碳酸酯的聚合中即可。可根據需要控制其使用量。
酸黏合劑可包括(例如)鹼金屬氫氧化物諸如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀、等等、或胺化合物諸如吡啶、等等。
不特別限制該有機溶劑,只要其為常用於聚碳酸酯的聚合之溶劑即可。作為一個實例,可使用鹵化烴諸如二氯甲烷或氯苯。
另外,在界面聚合期間,反應加速劑(例如)三級胺化合物諸如三乙胺、溴化四正丁銨、溴化四正丁鏻或類似者、四級銨化合物、四級鏻化合物或類似者可進一步用於加速反應。
在界面聚合中,反應溫度較佳可為0至40℃和反應時間較佳可為10分鐘至5小時。另外,在界面聚合反應期間,pH較佳保持在9或更高、或11或更高。
此外,界面聚合反應可藉由另外包含分子量改質劑來進行。分子量改質劑可在聚合引發之前、聚合引發期間、或聚合引發之後添加。
作為分子量改質劑,可使用單烷基酚。作為一個實例,單烷基酚為至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組:對三級丁基酚、對-異丙苯基酚、癸基酚、十二基酚、十四基酚、十六基酚、十八基酚、二十基酚、二十二基酚和三十基酚。較佳地,單烷基酚可為對三級丁基酚,且在此情況
下,調節分子量的效果很大。
上述分子量改質劑之含量(例如)以100重量份的芳族二醇化合物為基準計為不小於0.01重量份、不小於0.1重量份或不小於1重量份;且不大於10重量份、不大於6重量份、或不大於5重量份。在此範圍內,可獲得所要分子量。
另外,支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)較佳具有1,000至100,000g/mol且更佳地15,000至35,000g/mol之重量平均分子量。更佳地,該重量平均分子量(g/mol)為不小於20,000,不小於21,000,不小於22,000,不小於23,000,不小於24,000,不小於25,000,不小於26,000,不小於27,000,或不小於28,000。另外,該重量平均分子量為不大於34,000,不大於33,000,或不大於32,000。
根據本發明之共聚碳酸酯(b)與上述支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)之區別在於聚矽氧烷結構被引入聚碳酸酯的主鏈中。
以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第一重複單元和一或多種具有矽氧烷鍵的以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第二重複單元的莫耳比較佳為1:0.004至0.006,及其重量比較佳為1:0.04至0.07。
此外,較佳地,共聚碳酸酯可包括二種具有矽氧烷鍵的以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第二重複單元。
具體而言,以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第一重複單元係
藉由使芳族二醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成且較佳地,係以下示化學式3表示:
在化學式3中,R’1、R’2、R’3和R’4各自獨立地為氫、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基、或鹵素,及Z’為未經取代或經苯基取代之C1-10伸烷基、未經取代或經C1-10烷基取代之C3-15伸環烷基、O、S、SO、SO2、或CO。
較佳地,R’1、R’2、R’3和R’4各自獨立地為氫、甲基、氯基、或溴基。
此外,較佳地,Z’為未經取代或經苯基取代之直鏈或支鏈C1-10伸烷基,及更佳為亞甲基、乙烷-1,1-二基、丙烷-2,2-二基、丁烷-2,2-二基、1-苯基乙烷-1,1-二基或二苯基亞甲基。此外,較佳地,Z’為環己烷-1,1-二基、O、S、SO、SO2、或CO。
另外,較佳地,R’1、R’2、R’3、R’4和Z’係分別與前文中針對化學式1中之R1、R2、R3、R4和Z所述者相同。
較佳地,以化學式3表示之重複單元可衍生自任一或多種選自由下列所組成群組之芳族二醇化合物:雙(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸、雙
(4-羥基苯基)亞碸、雙(4-羥基苯基)硫醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)酮、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、雙酚A、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)二苯基甲烷、及α,ω-雙[3-(鄰-羥基苯基)丙基]聚二甲基矽氧烷。
如本文所用,‘衍生自芳族二醇化合物’意指芳族二醇化合物之羥基和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成以化學式3表示之重複單元。
例如,當雙酚A(其為芳族二醇化合物)和三光氣(其為碳酸酯前驅物)聚合時,以化學式3表示之重複單元係以下列化學式3-1表示:
碳酸酯前驅物係與先前在能夠用於形成上述化學式1至3之重複單元的碳酸酯前驅物中所述者相同。
一或多種具有矽氧烷鍵的以芳族聚碳酸酯為基礎之第二重複單元係藉由使一或多種矽氧烷化合物和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成,且其較佳包括以表示下示化學式4之重複
單元和以下示化學式5表示之重複單元:
在化學式4中,X1各自獨立地為C1-10伸烷基,R’5各自獨立地為氫;未經取代或經環氧乙烷基、經環氧乙烷基取代之C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代之C1-15烷基;鹵素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10鹵烷基;或C6-20芳基,及n為10至200的整數,
在化學式5中,X2各自獨立地為C1-10伸烷基,Y1各自獨立地為氫、C1-6烷基、鹵素、羥基、C1-6烷氧基、或C6-20芳基,R’6各自獨立地為氫;未經取代或經環氧乙烷基、經環氧乙烷基取代之C1-10烷氧基、或C6-20芳基取代之C1-15烷基;鹵素;C1-10烷氧基;烯丙基;C1-10鹵烷基;或C6-20芳基,及
m為10至200的整數。
在化學式4中,較佳地,X1各自獨立地為C2-10伸烷基,及更佳地,C2-4伸烷基,且最佳地,丙烷-1,3-二基。
此外,較佳地,R’5各自獨立地為氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、3-苯基丙基、2-苯基丙基、3-(環氧乙烷基甲氧基)丙基、氟基、氯基、溴基、碘基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、烯丙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、苯基、或萘基。此外,較佳地,R’5各自獨立地為C1-10烷基,更佳地,C1-6烷基,及更佳地,C1-3烷基,且最佳地,甲基。
此外,較佳地,n為不小於10,不小於15,不小於20,不小於25,不小於26,不小於27,或不小於28;且不大於50,不大於45,不大於40,不大於35,不大於34,或不大於33的整數。
在化學式3中,較佳地,X2各自獨立地為C2-10伸烷基,及更佳地,C2-6伸烷基,且最佳地,伸異丁基。
此外,較佳地,Y1為氫。
此外,較佳地,R’6各自獨立地為氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、3-苯基丙基、2-苯基丙基、3-(環氧乙烷基甲氧基)丙基、氟基、氯基、溴基、碘基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、烯丙基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、3,3,3-三氟丙基、苯基、或萘基。此外,較佳地,R’6各自獨立地為C1-10烷基,更佳地,C1-6烷基,及更佳地,C1-3烷基,且最佳地,甲基。
較佳地,m為不小於40,不小於45,不小於50,不小於55,不小於56,不小於57,或不小於58;且不大於
80,不大於75,不大於70,不大於65,不大於64,不大於63,或不大於62的整數。
以化學式4表示之重複單元和以化學式5表示之重複單元係分別衍生自以下示化學式4-1表示之矽氧烷化合物和以下示化學式5-1表示之矽氧烷化合物:
在化學式4-1中,X1、R’5和n係與前述相同,
在化學式5-1中,X2、Y1、R’6和m係與前述相同。
如本文所用,‘衍生自矽氧烷化合物’意指各個矽氧烷化合物之羥基和碳酸酯前驅物反應以分別形成以化學式4表示之重複單元和以化學式5表示之重複單元。
另外,可用於形成以化學式4和5表示之重複單元的碳酸酯前驅物之說明係與針對可用於形成上述以化學式1表示之重複單元所述者相同。
製備以化學式4-1表示之矽氧烷化合物和以化學式5-1表示之矽氧烷化合物之方法分別係以下示反應流程1和2表示:
在反應流程1中,X1’為C2-10烯基,及X1、R’5和n係與如前述所定義者相同,
在反應流程2中,X2’為C2-10烯基,及X2、Y1、R’6和m係與如前述所定義者相同。
在反應流程1和反應流程2中,反應較佳係在金屬觸媒存在下進行。作為金屬觸媒,較佳可使用鉑(Pt)觸媒。Pt觸媒可包括至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組:Ashby
觸媒、Karstedt觸媒、Lamoreaux觸媒、Speier觸媒、PtCl2(COD)、PtCl2(苯甲腈)2和H2PtBr6。金屬觸媒之使用量以100重量份的以化學式7或9表示之化合物為基準計可為不小於0.001重量份、不小於0.005重量份、或不小於0.01重量份;且不大於1重量份、不大於0.1重量份、或不大於0.05重量份。
另外,上述反應溫度較佳為80至100℃。此外,上述反應時間較佳為1至5小時。
此外,以化學式7或9表示之化合物可藉由使有機二矽氧烷和有機環矽氧烷在酸觸媒存在下反應而製備,及n和m可藉由調整反應物的量來調整。上述反應溫度較佳為50至70℃。此外,上述反應時間較佳為1至6小時。
作為有機二矽氧烷,可使用至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組:四甲基二矽氧烷、四苯基二矽氧烷、六甲基二矽氧烷和六苯基二矽氧烷。此外,作為有機環矽氧烷可,例如可使用有機環四矽氧烷。有機環四矽氧烷之實例可包括八甲基環四矽氧烷、八苯基環四矽氧烷、等等。
有機二矽氧烷之使用量以100重量份的有機環矽氧烷為基準計可為不小於0.1重量份,或不小於2重量份;且不大於10重量份,或不大於8重量份。
作為酸觸媒,可使用至少一種選自由下列所組成之群組:H2SO4、HClO4、AlCl3、SbCl5、SnCl4和酸性白土。另外,酸觸媒之使用量以100重量份的有機環矽氧烷為基準計可為不小於0.1重量份,不小於0.5重量份,或不小
於1重量份;且不大於10重量份,不大於5重量份或不大於3重量份。
特別地,可調整以化學式4表示之重複單元的量和以化學式5表示之重複單元的量。重複單元之間的重量比可為1:99至99:1。較佳地,重量比為3:97至97:3、5:95至95:5、10:90至90:10、或15:85至85:15,及更佳為20:80至80:20。重複單元之重量比對應於矽氧烷化合物(例如以表示化學式4-1之矽氧烷化合物和以化學式5-1表示之矽氧烷化合物)之重量比。
較佳地,以化學式4表示之重複單元係以下示化學式4-2表示:
在化學式4-2中,R’5和n係與如前述所定義者相同。較佳地,R’5為甲基。
此外,較佳地,以化學式5表示之重複單元係以下示化學式5-2表示:
在化學式5-2中,R’6和m係與如前述所定義者相同。較佳地,R’6為甲基。
此外,較佳地,根據本發明之共聚碳酸酯包括以化學式3-1表示之重複單元、以化學式4-2表示之重複單元和以化學式5-2表示之重複單元全部。
此外,本發明提供一種製備共聚碳酸酯之方法,其包含聚合芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前驅物和一或多種矽氧烷化合物之步驟,作為一種製備上述共聚碳酸酯之方法。
芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前驅物和一或多種矽氧烷化合物係與如前所述者相同。
在聚合期間,一或多種矽氧烷化合物使用量以芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前驅物和一或多種矽氧烷化合物總計100重量%為基準計可為不小於0.1wt%,不小於0.5wt%,不小於1wt%,不小於1.5wt%,不小於2.0wt%,不小於2.5wt%,或不小於3.0wt%;且不大於20wt%,不大於10wt%,不大於7wt%,不大於5wt%,或不大於4wt%。此外,芳族二醇化合物之使用量以芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前驅物和一或多種矽氧烷化合物總計100重量%為基準計可為不小於40wt%,不小於50wt%,或不小於55wt%;且不大於80wt%,不大於70wt%,或不大於65wt%。此外,碳酸酯前驅物之使用量以芳族二醇化合物、碳酸酯前驅物和一或多種矽氧烷化合物總計100重量%為基準計可為不小於10wt%,不小於20wt%,或不小於30wt%;且不大於60wt%,不大於50wt%,或不大於40。
此外,關於聚合方法,可使用界面聚合法作為一個實
例。在此情況下,聚合反應可在低溫和大氣壓下進行,且可容易控制分子量。界面聚合較佳係在酸黏合劑和有機溶劑存在下進行。再者,界面聚合可包括(例如)進行預聚合,然後添加偶合劑和再次進行聚合之步驟。在此情況下,可獲得具有高分子量的共聚碳酸酯。
不特別限制界面聚合中所使用的材料,只要彼等可使用於聚碳酸酯的聚合中即可。可根據需要控制其使用量。
酸黏合劑可包括(例如)鹼金屬氫氧化物諸如氫氧化鈉或氫氧化鉀、等等、或胺化合物諸如吡啶、等等。
不特別限制該有機溶劑,只要其為常用於聚碳酸酯的聚合之溶劑即可。作為一個實例,可使用鹵化烴諸如二氯甲烷、氯苯、等等。
另外,在界面聚合期間,反應加速劑(例如)三級胺化合物諸如三乙胺、溴化四正丁銨、溴化四正丁鏻、或類似者、或四級銨化合物、四級鏻化合物或類似者可進一步用於加速反應。
在界面聚合中,反應溫度較佳可為0至40℃和反應時間較佳可為10分鐘至5小時。另外,在界面聚合反應期間,pH較佳保持在9或更高、或11或更高。
此外,界面聚合反應可藉由另外包含分子量改質劑來進行。
分子量改質劑可在聚合引發之前、聚合引發期間、或聚合引發之後添加。
作為分子量改質劑,可使用單烷基酚。作為一個實
例,單烷基酚為一或多種選自由下列所組成之群組:對-三級丁基酚、對-異丙苯基酚、癸基酚、十二基酚、十四基酚、十六基酚、十八基酚、二十基酚、二十二基酚和三十基酚。較佳地,單烷基酚可為對-三級丁基酚,且在此情況下,調節分子量控制的效果很大。
分子量改質劑之使用量(例如)以100重量份的芳族二醇化合物為基準計為不小於0.01重量份、不小於0.1重量份或不小於1重量份;且不大於10重量份、不大於6重量份、或不大於5重量份。在如上所述之範圍內,可獲得所要分子量。
此外,共聚碳酸酯(b)較佳地具有1,000至100,000g/mol,且更佳地,15,000至35,000g/mol之重量平均分子量。更佳地,該重量平均分子量(g/mol)為不小於20,000,不小於21,000,不小於22,000,不小於23,000,不小於24,000,不小於25,000,不小於26,000,不小於27,000,或不小於28,000。另外,該重量平均分子量(g/mol)為不大於34,000,不大於33,000,或不大於32,000。
根據本發明之聚碳酸酯組成物包括上述支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)和共聚碳酸酯(b)。
在聚碳酸酯組成物中,支鏈聚碳酸酯和共聚碳酸酯的重量比為1:99至99:1。更佳地,重量比為3:97至
97:3、5:95至95:5、10:90至90:10、15:85至85:15、或20:80至80:20。
此外,根據本發明之聚碳酸酯組成物可根據需要與非支鏈聚碳酸酯一起使用。該非支鏈聚碳酸酯與支鏈聚碳酸酯(a)和共聚碳酸酯(b)之區別在於聚矽氧烷結構不被引入聚碳酸酯之主鏈中且不包括支鏈重複單元。
較佳地,該非支鏈聚碳酸酯包括以下示化學式6表示之重複單元:
在化學式中6,R”1、R”2、R”3和R”4各自獨立地為氫、C1-10烷基、C1-10烷氧基、或鹵素,及Z”為未經取代或經苯基取代之C1-10伸烷基;未經取代或經C1-10烷基取代之C3-15伸環烷基、O、S、SO、SO2、或CO。
此外,較佳地,非支鏈聚碳酸酯具有15,000至35,000g/mol之重量平均分子量。更佳地,該重量平均分子量(g/mol)為不小於20,000,不小於21,000,不小於22,000,不小於23,000,不小於24,000,不小於25,000,不小於26,000,不小於27,000,或不小於28,000。另外,該重量平均分子量(g/mol)為不大於34,000,不大於33,000,或不大於32,000。
以化學式6表示之重複單元係藉由使芳族二醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物反應而形成。另外,上述可用之芳族二醇化合物和碳酸酯前驅物的說明係與針對上述以化學式1表示之重複單中所述者相同。
較佳地,化學式4中之R”1、R”2、R”3、R”4和Z”係分別與前文針對化學式1中之R1、R2、R3、R4和Z所述者相同。
此外,較佳地,以化學式6表示之重複單元係以下示化學式6-1表示:
此外,本發明提供一種包括聚碳酸酯組成物之物件。
較佳地,物件為射出模塑物件。此外,該物件可進一步包含(例如)一或多種選自由下列所組成之群組:抗氧化劑、熱穩定劑、光穩定劑、塑化劑、抗靜電劑、成核劑、阻燃劑、潤滑劑、衝擊增強劑、螢光增白劑、紫外線吸收劑、顏料和染料。
用於製造物件之方法可包含下列之步驟:使用混合器混合根據本發明之聚碳酸酯組成物和添加劑諸如抗氧化劑、等等,用擠壓機將混合物擠壓模塑以製造粒料,乾燥該粒料及然後用射出模塑機射出乾燥的粒料。
如上所述,根據本發明之聚碳酸酯組成物包括包含特定矽氧烷結構之共聚碳酸酯及包含支鏈重複單元之支鏈聚碳酸酯,以改良阻燃性和耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度和融熔指數。
以下,將提供本發明之較佳實施例以較好理解本發明。然而,提供下列實施例僅用於舉例說明本發明,且不應被解釋為本發明受這些實施例限制。
混合42.5g(142.8mmol)的八甲基環四矽氧烷和2.26g(16.8mmol)的四甲基二矽氧烷之後,將混合物與以100重量份的八甲基環四矽氧烷為基準計之1重量份的酸性白土(DC-A3)一起放3L燒瓶中,並在60℃下反應4小時。反應終止後,將反應產物用乙酸乙酯稀釋並使用矽藻土迅速過濾。當經由1H NMR確認時,由此製備之未改質的聚有機矽氧烷之重複單元(n)為30。
將9.57g(71.3mmol)的2-烯丙基酚和0.01g(50ppm)
的Karstedt氏鉑觸媒加至所得末端未改質的聚有機矽氧烷,並在90℃下反應3小時。反應終止後,藉由在120℃和1托的條件下進行蒸發移除未反應的聚有機矽氧烷。如上所述獲得之末端改質的聚有機矽氧烷命名為‘AP-30’。AP-30為淡黃色油,當經由使用Varian500 MHz的1H NMR確認時,重複單元(n)為30,且不需要進一步純化。
混合47.60g(160mmol)的八甲基環四矽氧烷和1.5g(11mmol)的四甲基二矽氧烷之後,將混合物與以100重量份的八甲基環四矽氧烷為基準計之1重量份的酸性白土(DC-A3)一起放3L燒瓶中,並在60℃下反應4小時。反應終止後,將反應產物用乙酸乙酯稀釋並使用矽藻土迅速過濾。當經由1H NMR確認時,如上所述獲得之末端未改質的聚有機矽氧烷之重複單元(m)為60。
將6.13g(29.7mmol)的4-羥基苯甲酸3-甲基丁-3-烯基酯和0.01g(50ppm)的Karstedt氏鉑觸媒加至所得末端未改質的聚有機矽氧烷,並在90℃下反應3小時。反應終止後,藉由在120℃和1托的條件下進行蒸發移除未反應的聚有機矽氧烷。如上所述獲得之末端改質的聚有機矽氧烷命名為‘MB-60’。MB-60為淡黃色油,當經由使用
Varian500 MHz的1H NMR確認時,重複單元(m)為60,且不需要進一步純化。
將978.4g的雙酚A(BPA)、1,620g的32%NaOH水溶液、和7,500g的蒸餾水放入20L玻璃反應器中,及確認BPA在氮氛圍下完全溶解。接著,添加3,670g的二氯甲烷、18.3g的對-三級丁基酚(PTBP)、49.68g的預先製備之聚有機矽氧烷(AP-30)和5.52g的製備例2之聚有機矽氧烷(MB-60)加至其中)並混合。對此混合物,經1小時滴加至其中溶解542.5g的三光氣之3,850g的二氯甲烷。在此,將NaOH水溶液之pH保持在12。在添加結束之後,將反應產物老化15分鐘,及將195.7g的三乙胺溶解在二氯甲烷(MC)中並加至該混合物。10分鐘之後,用1N鹽酸水溶液將pH調整至3。將所得產物用蒸餾水洗滌三次以分離二氯甲烷相,及在甲醇中沉澱,以獲得粉末形式之聚碳酸酯樹脂。所得樹脂係命名為‘PPC’。
將978.4g的雙酚A(BPA)、3.2g的THPE(1,1,1-參(4-羥基苯基)乙烷)、1,620g的32%NaOH水溶液、和7,500g的蒸餾水放入20L玻璃反應器中,及確認BPA在氮氛圍下完全溶解。接著添加3,670g的二氯甲烷、及將21.0g的對-三級丁基酚(PTBP)加至其中並混合。對此混
合物,經1小時滴加至其中溶解542.5g的三光氣之3,850g的二氯甲烷。在此,將NaOH水溶液之pH保持在12。在添加結束之後,將反應產物老化15分鐘,及將195.7g的三乙胺溶解在二氯甲烷中並加至該混合物。10分鐘之後,用1N鹽酸水溶液將pH調整至3。將所得產物用蒸餾水洗滌三次以分離二氯甲烷相,及在甲醇中沉澱,以獲得粉末形式之聚碳酸酯樹脂。所得樹脂係命名為‘B-PC’,且具有28,100之重量平均分子量,該重量平均分子量係藉由使用Agilent 1200系列之具有PC標準的GPC測量。
藉由混合80重量份的以製備例3製備之PPC與20重量份的以製備例4製備之B-PC製備聚碳酸酯組成物。
藉由混合70重量份的以製備例3製備之PPC與30重量份的以製備例4製備之B-PC製備聚碳酸酯組成物。
藉由混合60重量份的以製備例3製備之PPC與40重量份的以製備例4製備之B-PC製備聚碳酸酯組成物。
測定以製備例3製備之PPC作為比較例1。
以與製備例3中相同之方法製備聚碳酸酯樹脂,不同的是不使用聚有機矽氧烷(AP-30)和聚有機矽氧烷(MB-60)。如比較例2測定所得聚碳酸酯樹脂。
藉由混合70重量份的以製備例3製備之PPC與30重量份的以比較例2製備之聚碳酸酯製備聚碳酸酯組成物。
藉由混合25重量份的以製備例4製備之B-PC與75重量份的以比較例2製備之聚碳酸酯製備聚碳酸酯組成物。
將0.050重量份的參(2,4-二-三級丁基苯基)亞磷酸酯、0.010重量份的十八基-3-(3,5-二-三級丁基-4-羥基苯基)丙酸酯和0.030重量份的四硬脂酸季戊四醇酯加至1重量份的實施例和比較例之各樹脂,並使用具備排氣孔之Φ30mm雙螺桿擠壓機將所得混合物造粒,及使用JSW,Ltd.之N-20C射出模塑機在300℃的機筒溫度和80℃的模具溫度射出模塑,以製造各試樣。
測定各試樣的特性如下:
1)重量平均分子量(g/mol):藉由使用Agilent 1200系列之具有PC標準的GPC測量。
2)室溫衝擊強度:根據ASTM D256(1/8吋,缺口衝擊(Notched Izod))在23℃下測量。
3)低溫衝擊強度:根據ASTM D256(1/8吋,缺口衝擊)在-30℃下測量。
4)融熔指數(MI):根據ASTM D 1238(在300℃,1.2kg之條件下)測量。
5)阻燃性:根據UL 94V評估。具體而言,製備五個阻燃性測試所需要之具有3.0mm厚度的試樣,且評估如下。
首先,將具有20mm高度的火焰施加至各試樣經10秒,然後測量試樣的燃燒時間(t1),及記錄燃燒態樣。接著,初級火焰接觸後,燃燒終止,火焰與各試樣接觸另10秒(次級火焰接觸)。接下來,測量試樣之燃燒時間(t2)和熾熱時間(t3),並記錄燃燒態樣。將上述阻燃性測試同樣地應用於五個試樣,及評估試樣如下表1中所示。
6)耐化學性:製造試樣(厚度:3.2mm)以根據ASTM D638測量抗拉強度,及根據ASTM D543(PRACTICE B)以JIG Strain R1.0為基礎測量其耐化學性。具體而言,在室溫下(23℃)將棉布(2cm×2cm)放置在各試樣之中心,及然後測量從2mL的溶劑(Nivea®水防曬噴霧-SPF30,Beiersdorf Inc.)滴在布上之瞬間造成破壞所需要的時間。藉由下列標準評估測得時間:
○:1小時至24小時
×:1分鐘內
結果係顯示於下表2中。
如上表2中所示,可確認:相較於比較例,該等實施例具有改良的耐化學性同時保持相同程度的衝擊強度。因此,可確認:根據本發明之聚碳酸酯組成物包括:包含特定矽氧烷結構之共聚碳酸酯和包含支鏈重複單元之聚碳酸酯,以改良耐化學性同時保持高衝擊強度。
Claims (13)
- 一種聚碳酸酯組成物,其包括:(a)支鏈聚碳酸酯,其包括以下示化學式1表示之重複單元和連接多個的以下示化學式1表示之重複單元彼此之三價或四價支鏈重複單元,其中該支鏈聚碳酸酯的重量平均分子量為1,000至100,000,其中該三價或四價支鏈重複單元為以下示化學式2表示之重複單元:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式1表示之重複單元係衍生自任一或多種選自由下列所組成群組之芳族二醇化合物:雙(4-羥基苯基)甲烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)碸、雙(4-羥基苯基)亞碸、雙(4-羥基苯基)硫醚、雙(4-羥基苯基)酮、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)乙烷、雙酚A、2,2-雙(4-羥基苯基)丁烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)環己烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-溴苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-氯苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3-甲基苯基)丙烷、2,2-雙(4-羥基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、1,1-雙(4-羥基苯基)-1-苯基乙烷、雙(4-羥基苯基)二苯基甲烷、及α,ω-雙[3-(鄰-羥基苯基)丙基]聚二甲基矽氧烷。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式1表示之重複單元係以下示化學式1-1表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式2表示之重複單元係以下示化學式2-2或下示化學式2-3表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式1表示之重複單元和該以化學式2表示之 重複單元的重量比為1:0.001至1:0.1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:聚矽氧烷結構不被引入該支鏈聚碳酸酯的主鏈中。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該化學式3係以下示化學式3-1表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式4表示之重複單元和該以化學式5表示之重複單元的重量比為1:99至99:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式4表示之重複單元係以下示化學式4-2表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該以化學式5表示之重複單元係以下示化學式5-2表示:
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該支鏈聚碳酸酯和該共聚碳酸酯的重量比為1:99至99:1。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之聚碳酸酯組成物,另外包括:非支鏈聚碳酸酯,其中聚矽氧烷結構不被引入聚碳酸酯的主鏈中,且不包含該支鏈重複單元。
- 如申請專利範圍第12項之聚碳酸酯組成物,其中:該非支鏈聚碳酸酯包括以下示化學式6表示之重複單元:
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