TWI433588B - 發光二極體發光裝置 - Google Patents

發光二極體發光裝置 Download PDF

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TWI433588B
TWI433588B TW095146256A TW95146256A TWI433588B TW I433588 B TWI433588 B TW I433588B TW 095146256 A TW095146256 A TW 095146256A TW 95146256 A TW95146256 A TW 95146256A TW I433588 B TWI433588 B TW I433588B
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led
bypass switch
constant current
leds
controlled
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TW200731580A (en
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Erp Josephus Adrianus Maria Van
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Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40—Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48—Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30—Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

發光二極體發光裝置
本發明係關於一種LED(發光二極體)發光裝置，其包含藉由一切換式電源來供電之至少一第一LED及一第二LED。
此裝置係揭示於(例如)EP 0716485 A1中。
在此裝置中，一切換式電源(SMPS)經控制以將一恆定電流供應至一或多個LED。接著可藉由改變一與該/該等LED並聯連接之旁路開關的工作週期而經由脈寬調變來控制LED光輸出。
在能效方面，SMPS優於線性電源。然而，所供應之電流的精度對於所有應用而言可不足，因為負載改變，其誘發所使用之電流回饋系統中之瞬變。
因此，本發明之一目的為提供一種在開頭段落中所提及之類型的發光裝置，其中在維持一相當低的功率消耗的同時改良了電流精度。
此目的係藉由一如請求項1中所定義之發光裝置來達成。
更具體言之，在上述裝置中，通過第一LED之電流係藉由一與第一LED並聯連接之第一旁路開關來控制，通過第二LED之電流係藉由一與第二LED並聯連接之第二旁路開關來控制，第一LED與第二LED串聯連接於切換式電源與 一第一恆定電流源之間，且切換式電源經配置以取決於第一旁路開關及第二旁路開關之狀態而供應許多不同輸出電壓，以使得電壓取決於發光的LED之數目。
歸因於恆定電流源，自電源汲取一經非常良好定義之電流。然而，由於輸出電壓取決於LED之狀態而改變，故恆定電流源中之耗散可保持於一低位準。不需要實際電流之回饋，其防止不穩定性及瞬變問題。
在一較佳實施例中，第一LED及第二LED經配置以藉由脈寬調變來控制，以使得第一LED及第二LED在一脈寬調變週期開始時同時接通，且在脈寬調變週期期間於藉由其各別工作週期所確定的瞬時斷開。接著，切換式電源之電壓可經配置以在脈寬調變週期開始之前向一最大電壓上升。此確保在週期開始時提供一充足電壓。
裝置可包含用於當斷開所有LED時將輸出電壓驅動至零或接近零之構件。此節省了額外功率。
第一LED及第二LED可發射不同色彩之光。
第一LED及第二LED可發射具有綠色及藍色之光且可經由一第三LED而連接至第一恆定電流源，該第三LED係藉由一第三旁路開關來控制。第一LED及第二LED可經由一第四LED而進一步連接至一第二恆定電流源，該第四LED係藉由一第四旁路開關來控制，第三LED及第四LED發射紅色光或琥珀色光。此允許一用一單個SMPS實現的完整、可控制RGBA(紅-綠-藍-琥珀色)光源。
參看下文所描述之實施例將闡明且易瞭解本發明之此等 及其他態樣。
圖1示意說明藉由一先前技術之恆定電流源來驅動之LED的旁路控制。一恆定電流源(CCS)1經配置以將一恆定電流Iconst 饋入至一LED3(發光二極體)。舉例而言，若LED為一發射藍光的LED，則恆定電流通常為Iconst =700mA。一旁路開關5(通常為一MOSFET)與LED 3並聯連接。使用一脈寬調變(PWM)電路7，旁路開關經藉由PWM控制以完全導電或完全阻斷。當旁路開關5完全導電時，其繞過LED 3，以使得該LED停止發光。因此，可能藉由改變旁路開關5之工作週期來控制來自LED之光通量。此係在一足夠高以防止任何可見閃爍之切換頻率(例如，150Hz或更高)下進行。
可能使兩個LED(每一者具有一旁路開關)共用一共同電流源。接著將兩個LED/旁路開關組合彼此串聯連接。要求為：LED使用相同驅動電流(例如，發射紅光的LED及發射琥珀色光的LED(350mA)或發射藍光的LED及發射綠光的LED(700mA))。
圖2以色品圖示意說明一RGB LED配置之可用色域，其中用旁路開關控制LED。藉由組合地使用一發射紅光(R)的LED、一發射綠光(G)的LED及一發射藍光(B)的LED，可達成一覆蓋整個色域11之一較大部分的色三角9。為了發射具有一所要色彩13之光，給定每一LED之PWM電路一預定工作週期，以使得自每一LED發射正確量之光以產生所 要色彩。
圖3a示意說明根據本發明之一實施例的LED發光裝置。應注意，因為一切換式電源(SMPS)通常具有一比一線性電源好得多的能效，所以認為使用一切換式電源(SMPS)係有利的。
可能藉由與所供應之LED串聯地置放一分路電阻器而將一SMPS作為一恆定電流源使用且基於分路電阻器上之電壓來調節SMPS，以供應正確的電流。此方法係描述於(例如)EP 0716485 A1中。然而，實務上，由於高電流精度要求，此可相當複雜。
因此，在本發明之一實施例中，使用一不同方案來控制一SMPS。圖3a中所示之實施例具有一第一LED 15及一第二LED 17，其串聯連接且要求相同恆定電流(例如，一發射紅光的LED及一發射琥珀色光的LED)。第一LED 15係藉由一第一旁路開關19來控制，該旁路開關19接收一第一控制信號sw1 。第二LED 17係藉由一第二旁路開關21來控制，該旁路開關21接收一第二控制信號sw2 。旁路開關與各自之LED並聯連接以如上文所描述地PWM控制通過LED之電流。LED15、17係藉由一具有一輸出電壓Vout 之切換式電源(SMPS)8來供電。SMPS亦受PWM控制但係在一高得多的頻率(例如，幾百kHz)下。然而，輸出電壓Vout 並不藉由量測通過LED之電流來控制。而是，LED串聯連接於SMPS 8與一恆定電流源(CCS)25之間。
只要輸出電壓Vout 足夠高，恆定電流源25即確保經由 LED 15、17或旁路開關19、21(若打開)來汲取一恆定且預定之電流。
圖3b更詳細地展示圖3a中所使用的恆定電流源25之一實例。此恆定電流源本身係已知的且包含基極連接至基極的一第一雙極電晶體T1及一第二雙極電晶體T2。第一電晶體T1係二極體耦接的(集極-基極)且其集極經由一第一電阻器R1而連接至一參考電壓Vref 。第一雙極電晶體T1之射極經由一第二電阻器R2而連接至地。第二雙極電晶體T2之射極經由一第三電阻器R3而連接至地。此電路將汲取第二雙極電晶體T2之集極處的恆定電流Iconst 。此恆定電流係藉由第一電阻器R1、第二電阻器R2、第三電阻器R3、參考電壓Vref 及第一雙極電晶體T1與第二雙極電晶體T2之基極-射極電壓(其全部為恆定的)來確定。
自圖3a明顯看出，只要啟動一旁路開關19、21，圖3b中之第三電阻器R3上的電壓降落將增大。因此，若輸出電壓Vout 保持恆定，則恆定電流源中之功率耗散將相當高。當然，存在不同於圖3b中所說明之拓撲的恆定電流源拓撲，但此問題保留。
因此，本發明之此實施例中的SMPS 8經調適以取決於旁路開關19、21之狀態而供應許多不同電壓。此意謂輸出電壓Vout 將取決於所啟動的LED之數目而改變。通常，SMPS 8接收旁路開關19、21之控制信號sw1 及sw2 作為輸入信號。因此，若旁路開關19、21皆未啟動且兩個LED 15、17發光，則輸出電壓Vout 具有一第一高電壓。若旁路開關 19、21之一者啟動，則輸出電壓被迫下降至一第二較低值。若兩個旁路開關皆啟動，則輸出電壓Vout 可變為0V或接近0V，從而構成一第三值。因此，恆定電流源25中之功率耗散可保持於一低位準。SMPS 8較佳可為任何類型之步降或降壓轉換器。
圖4說明其中實現一RGBA發光配置的本發明之一實施例。在此實施例中，使用四個LED(紅色29、綠色31、藍色33、琥珀色35)，每一者分別具有一旁路開關37、39、41及43。每一旁路開關37、39、41、43接收一PWM控制信號R、Gr、Bl、A以控制相應LED之光通量。
發射紅光的LED 29連接至一第一恆定電流源45，該恆定電流源45包含一與一電晶體T3串聯之電阻器R4。發射琥珀色光的LED 35連接至一第一恆定電流源47，該恆定電流源47包含一與一電晶體T4串聯之電阻器R5。電晶體T3及T4之基極可連接至一共同電壓參考Vref 。第一恆定電流源45及第二恆定電流源47較佳係相同的，以使得其汲取相同電流，對於紅色LED及琥珀色LED而言，該電流可為350mA。
發射紅光的LED 29以及其旁路開關37及串聯連接之恆定電流源45與發射琥珀色光的LED 35以及其旁路開關43及串聯連接之恆定電流源47並聯連接。因此，此等電路可汲取一700mA之總電流，對於發射綠光的LED 31及發射藍光的LED 33而言，該電流為一適合之驅動電流。因此，發射綠光的LED 31及發射藍光的LED 33連同其旁路開關39、41一起可與發射紅光的LED 29及發射琥珀色光的LED 35 之並聯配置串聯連接。因此，可能自一個共同SMPS 49供應所有LED。在此實施例中，應以一同步方式控制發射紅光的LED及發射琥珀色光的LED。然而，此要求可與大多數色彩控制方案相容。
為了最小化恆定電流源45、47中之耗散，SMPS 49應能夠取決於打開的LED之數目(0、1、2或3，將發射紅光的LED及發射琥珀色光的LED視為一個，因為其同步切換)而輸出四個不同輸出電壓。因此，SMPS 49之回饋網路51經調適以接收旁路開關37、39、41、43之PWM控制信號Gr、Bl、A/R。回饋網路51接收輸出電壓Vout ，其藉由一輸出電容器C1而濾波。一包含兩個電阻器R6及R7之分壓器連接於SMPS輸出與地之間且產生一回饋分壓(divided feedback voltage)Vf。除了電阻器R6之外，三個電阻器R8、R9及R10連接於SMPS輸出與電阻器R7之間。電阻器R8係經由一開關53而連接，該開關53係藉由發射綠光的LED 31之旁路開關39的PWM控制信號Gr來控制。因此，若斷開綠色LED 31，則開關53接通。類似地，電阻器R9係經由一開關55而連接，該開關55係藉由藍色LED 33之旁路開關41的PWM控制信號Bl來控制。電阻器R10係經由一開關57而連接，該開關57係藉由發射紅光的LED 29及發射琥珀色光的LED 35之旁路開關37及43的PWM控制信號A/R來控制。因此，分壓器網路之分壓功能將取決於接通的LED之數目而改變。舉例而言，若接通所有LED：
若接著斷開發射藍光的LED 33，則回饋分壓Vf 增大至
在SMPS 49中，將回饋分壓Vf 與一內部參考比較，且輸出電壓根據此比較而增大或減小。因此，如上文，若回饋分壓Vf 當藍色LED斷開時增大，則輸出電壓Vout 減小。此將恆定電流源45、47上之電壓保持於一低位準，因此防止了其中之功率耗散增大。此不僅意謂節省能量。恆定電流源45、47亦可具有一比不以此方式調節SMPS輸出電壓之情況下的散熱效能低之散熱效能。
當然，此電路可適合於LED之其他組合，例如，RRGB(兩個發射紅光的LED，一個發射綠光的LED及一個發射藍光的LED)、RGB或CMY(發射青光的LED、發射紫紅光的LED及發射黃光的LED)。
圖5說明圖4之配置的時序圖。在上部部分中，圖5說明在一PWM週期61期間的輸出電壓Vout ，該週期61可為(例如)2ms長。下部部分展示LED PWM控制信號Gr、Bl、R、A(如前所述，同步切換R及A)之反相。當此等信號處於位準1時，相應LED因此發光。在所說明之實例中，應發射具有一預定色彩之光。為了獲得此色彩，在每一PWM週期中，發射綠光的LED在一第一時間週期63期間發光，發射藍光的LED在一第二較長時間週期65期間發光，且發射紅光的LED及發射琥珀色光的LED在一第三更長時間週 期67期間發光。對於所有LED而言，光之發射同時開始，但在不同時間點處結束。輸出電壓Vout 以一第一初始最大電壓Vmax 開始PWM週期61。當在第一時間週期63結束時關閉發射綠光的LED時，電壓降落至一第二較低電壓。類似地，當關閉發射藍光的LED時，電壓進一步降落至一第三位準。最後，當關閉發射紅光的LED及發射琥珀色光的LED時，電壓降落至一第四最小電壓。在後續PWM週期開始時，接通所有LED，且SMPS輸出電壓再次恢復至第一初始最大電壓Vmax (亦即，當打開所有LED時所使用的電壓)。
參看圖4及圖5，圖4中所示之電路可以兩種方式修改以改良其功能。
第一，可提供可選構件以確保當斷開所有LED時輸出電壓為零或接近零。此可為(例如)一具有一邏輯及(AND)閘之電路69，當Gr、Bl及A/R全部變高時，其輸出變為高。接著，此閘可用於驅動一使電阻器R6短路之開關71，因此將輸出電壓驅動至一非常低的值。此節省了一些能量消耗。
第二，可提供構件以確保輸出電壓在每一PWM週期開始之前已上升，以使得輸出電壓Vout 當打開LED時已達到第一初始最大電壓Vmax 。此可藉由添加一經配置以在PWM週期開始之前在一短時間週期內使電阻器R8、R9及R10斷接的可選開關73來實現。此確保恆定電流源可已自開始汲取正確電流，因此排除了潛在的色彩誤差。若不使用可選 開關73，則電阻器R8、R9及R10替代地直接連接至電阻器R6及R7之分壓器。
總之，本發明係關於一種多個LED驅動電路，其中每一LED係藉由一旁路開關來控制。LED係藉由一切換式電源來供電且連接至一恆定電流源以汲取一通過LED之預定電流。切換式電源經配置以取決於接通的LED之數目而輸出不同電壓。此係藉由將旁路開關之控制信號供應至切換式電源來進行。以此方式，恆定電流源之功率耗散可保持於一低位準。
本發明並不限於上文所描述之實施例。可在附加之申請專利範圍的範疇內以不同方式改變本發明。
1‧‧‧恆定電流源(CCS)
3‧‧‧發光二極體(LED)
5‧‧‧旁路開關
7‧‧‧脈寬調變(PWM)電路
8‧‧‧切換式電源/SMPS
9‧‧‧色三角
11‧‧‧色域
13‧‧‧所要色彩
15‧‧‧第一LED/LED
17‧‧‧第二LED/LED
19‧‧‧第一旁路開關/旁路開關
21‧‧‧第二旁路開關/旁路開關
25‧‧‧恆定電流源(CCS)
29‧‧‧第四LED/紅色LED/發射紅光的LED
31‧‧‧第二LED/綠色LED/發射綠光的LED
33‧‧‧第一LED/藍色LED/發射藍光的LED
35‧‧‧第三LED/發射琥珀色光的LED
37‧‧‧第四旁路開關/旁路開關
39‧‧‧第二旁路開關/旁路開關
41‧‧‧第一旁路開關/旁路開關
43‧‧‧第三旁路開關/旁路開關
45‧‧‧恆定電流源
47‧‧‧恆定電流源
49‧‧‧切換式電源/SMPS
51‧‧‧回饋網路
53‧‧‧開關
55‧‧‧開關
57‧‧‧開關
61‧‧‧PWM週期
63‧‧‧第一時間週期
65‧‧‧第二較長時間週期
67‧‧‧第三更長時間週期
69‧‧‧電路
71‧‧‧開關
73‧‧‧可選開關
C1‧‧‧輸出電容器
Iconst ‧‧‧恆定電流
R、Gr、Bl、A、A/R‧‧‧PWM控制信號
R10‧‧‧電阻器
R1‧‧‧第一電阻器
R2‧‧‧第二電阻器
R3‧‧‧第三電阻器
R4‧‧‧電阻器
R5‧‧‧電阻器
R6‧‧‧電阻器
R7‧‧‧電阻器
R8‧‧‧電阻器
R9‧‧‧電阻器
SW1、SW2‧‧‧控制信號
T1‧‧‧第一雙極電晶體/第一電晶體
T2‧‧‧第二雙極電晶體
T3‧‧‧電晶體
T4‧‧‧電晶體
Vf ‧‧‧回饋分壓
Vmax ‧‧‧第一初始最大電壓
Vout ‧‧‧輸出電壓
Vref ‧‧‧參考電壓/共同電壓參考
圖1示意說明藉由一先前技術之恆定電流源來驅動之LED的旁路控制。
圖2示意說明一RGB LED配置之可用色域。
圖3a示意說明根據本發明之一實施例的LED發光裝置。
圖3b更詳細地展示圖3a中所使用的恆定電流源之一實例。
圖4說明其中實現一RGBA發光配置的本發明之一實施例。
圖5說明圖4之配置的時序圖。
8‧‧‧切換式電源/SMPS
15‧‧‧第一LED/LED
17‧‧‧第二LED/LED
19‧‧‧第一旁路開關/旁路開關
21‧‧‧第二旁路開關/旁路開關
25‧‧‧恆定電流源(CCS)
Iconst ‧‧‧恆定電流
R1‧‧‧第一電阻器
R2‧‧‧第二電阻器
R3‧‧‧第三電阻器
SW1 、SW2 ‧‧‧控制信號
T1‧‧‧第一雙極電晶體/第一電晶體
T2‧‧‧第二雙極電晶體
Vout ‧‧‧輸出電壓
Vref ‧‧‧參考電壓/共同電壓參考

Claims (6)

  1. 一種發光二極體(LED)發光裝置，其包含藉由一切換式(Switched mode)電源(8；49)來供電之至少一第一LED及一第二LED(15、17；33、31)，其中通過該第一LED(15；33)之電流係藉由一與該第一LED並聯連接之第一旁路開關(19；41)來控制，通過該第二LED(17；31)之電流係藉由一與該第二LED並聯連接之第二旁路開關(21；39)來控制，該第一LED及該第二LED串聯連接於該切換式電源與一第一恆定電流源(25；47)之間，且其中該切換式電源經配置以取決於該第一旁路開關及該第二旁路開關之狀態而供應許多不同輸出電壓(Vout )，以使得該電壓取決於發光的LED之數目。
  2. 如請求項1之LED發光裝置，其中該第一LED及該第二LED經配置以藉由脈寬調變來控制，以使得該第一LED及該第二LED在一脈寬調變週期開始時同時接通，且在該脈寬調變週期期間於藉由其各別工作週期所確定的瞬時斷開。
  3. 如請求項2之LED發光裝置，其中該切換式電源經配置以在該脈寬調變週期開始之前向一最大電壓上升。
  4. 如請求項1至3中任一項之LED發光裝置，其包含用於當斷開所有LED時將該輸出電壓驅動至零或接近零的構件。
  5. 如請求項1至3中任一項之LED發光裝置，其中該第一LED及該第二LED發射一不同色彩的光。
  6. 如請求項5之LED發光裝置，其中該第一LED及該第二LED(33、31)分別發射一綠色及一藍色的光，且該等LED經由一第三LED(35)而連接至該第一恆定電流源(47)，該第三LED(35)係藉由一第三旁路開關(43)來控制，其中該第一LED及該第二LED經由一第四LED(29)而連接至一第二恆定電流源(45)，該第四LED(29)係藉由一第四旁路開關(37)來控制，且其中該第三LED及該第四LED發射紅色光或琥珀色光。
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JP2013229350A (ja) 2013-11-07
ES2509347T3 (es) 2014-10-17
TW200731580A (en) 2007-08-16
WO2007069200A1 (en) 2007-06-21
US20080303452A1 (en) 2008-12-11
CN101331796A (zh) 2008-12-24
US20140125237A1 (en) 2014-05-08
EP1964449B1 (en) 2014-07-23
US8823274B2 (en) 2014-09-02
US8773042B2 (en) 2014-07-08
US20110304274A1 (en) 2011-12-15
KR101315078B1 (ko) 2013-10-08
JP5543109B2 (ja) 2014-07-09
JP5757981B2 (ja) 2015-08-05
US8004211B2 (en) 2011-08-23
KR20080083313A (ko) 2008-09-17
CN101331796B (zh) 2012-04-11

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