TW200837547A - Microprocessor capable of dynamically reducing its power consumption in response to varying operating temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

A microprocessor capable of dynamically adjusting its power consumption and increasing performance based on its varying operating temperature. The microprocessing includes a core logic circuit, a temperature sensor, a clock generation circuit and a control circuit. The core logic circuit operating and executing program instructions according to a core clock signal. The temperature sensor detects the operating temperature of the microprocessor. The clock generation circuit generates the core clock signal. The contol circuit is coupled to the temperature sensor for monitoring the operating temperature of the microprocessor and comprises a plurality of first operating points. The microprocessor utilizes the first operating points to stably operate at a first temperature. Each of the first operating points comprises corresponding operating voltage and corresponding operating frequency. The control circuit controls the core logic circuit to operate between the first operating points.

Description

200837547 - ' IX. INSTRUCTIONS: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the interaction of power loss and performance in a microcomputer, and in particular, it is possible to reduce power loss and performance in accordance with changes in the operating temperature of the microcomputer. [Previous Technique #f] Power loss management is a very important issue for different types of computer systems such as mobile PCs, notebook computers, desktop computers and workstations. For example, for most laptop users, battery life issues are critical. It has been reported that in many data centers, running the server consumes more energy than buying the server itself. Therefore, there will be a demand for "green" computers. In computer systems, most of the power loss is consumed by the microprocessor. Therefore, the key to reducing the power loss of a computer system is to reduce the power loss of the microprocessor. In existing microprocessor designs, the performance of the microprocessor, such as the number of instructions the microprocessor can handle at a given time, is primarily determined by the clock frequency. Many systems have certain requirements for the performance of the microprocessor, and this requirement will vary in time depending on the operating state of the system. For example, some of the system software in many modern microprocessors, such as BIOS or operating systems, have the ability to dynamically adjust their performance specifications by adjusting the operating frequency of the microprocessor. The dynamic power loss of the microprocessor is proportional to the clock frequency and the square of the operating voltage. However, for most modern microprocessors,

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00_TW TT, s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 8 200837547 Μ At each operating frequency, there is a corresponding minimum operating voltage. When the voltage is less than this amplitude, The microprocessor will not work properly. Therefore, we need to reduce the power loss of the microprocessor by reducing the operating voltage at a certain performance or a certain frequency. In addition, the user has certain requirements for the performance of the processor. As can be seen from the above discussion, the higher the frequency at which the microprocessor operates, the better the performance when the other parameters are the same. Therefore, a very common method of improving the performance of microprocessors is overclocking. In the conventional approach, the computer overclocks by increasing the frequency of the front/end bus, which allows the microprocessor and other circuits connected to the front-end bus to operate at a higher clock frequency. Overclocking itself has some drawbacks. First, system overclocking always requires computer manufacturers to improve the performance of standard refrigeration systems or to replace the original standard refrigeration system with a refrigeration system with higher refrigeration capacity, such as a higher speed fan, more heat sinks, liquid Coolant, phase change refrigeration or even liquid nitrogen refrigeration. Second, overclocking can cause instability in the operation of the microprocessor. The potential impact is loss or damage to the data, as well as damage to the microprocessor and even the entire system. At this time, because overclocking generally exceeds the manufacturer's product specifications, the manufacturer may not test the operation of the microprocessor at the overclocking frequency, so there is no guarantee that the microprocessor will work properly at this frequency. Third, when overclocking the front-end bus, the remaining devices may also be connected to the front-end bus, such as memory, chipset, display card, etc. These devices may also work at a higher frequency, which also There are problems with the need for additional refrigeration systems and performance instability mentioned above. Therefore, you need to find an improved method that can increase the micro processing.

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT’s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 9 200837547 The frequency of the device avoids the problems caused by traditional overclocking. Moreover, as mentioned earlier, some microprocessors provide the ability to change the operating frequency of the microprocessor for some system software, such as a BIOS or operating system. For example 'in advanced configuration and power interface (Α(ΐν&η_

Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Specification 3 〇 The P state is specified in accordance with the CPU's operating frequency and is a method for switching the microprocessor to the specified P state. In the case of increased frequency, depending on the physical characteristics of the microprocessor, the microprocessor must increase its operating voltage to accommodate the increase in frequency. The time required to complete the voltage conversion can be very long, depending on the magnitude of the voltage that needs to be increased: As shown in Figure 4 and earlier, conventional microprocessors add voltage to predetermined requirements and simply pass the frequency from the existing frequency. The value is increased to the desired frequency value. According to the conventional method of switching from the current p state to the new p state, the microprocessor operates at a lower frequency during the entire P state transition, and the performance is poor. Therefore, there is a need to find an improved way to improve the performance of the microprocessor during P-state transitions. I Finally, some microprocessors contain thermal monitoring and protection. For example, as shown in Figure 1, different Intel processors have enhanced power savings, including thermal monitoring (Thermal Monitor 2, TM2) automatic thermal protection. The TM2 was applied to the Pentium® processor and was included in the new Pentium 4 family model. Intel's Pentiuin 4 processor has 2MB of L2 cache and 533MHZ of front-end data bus, which was written in the July 2005 chip handbook: "When the built-in sensor monitors the core temperature is too high, Microprocessor can be programmed according to software

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT, s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 200837547 Model Specific Registers (MSR) self-tap red lower frequencies or lower voltages. Material-segment fixed to a core temperature reduced to an acceptable value, if the microprocessor's 彳, increased to the original amplitude, . Figure U is an example of this operation & 4 The automatic thermal protection device to be used by the microprocessor is only dependent on the point, that is, the working point specified by the internal working point and the system software. In particular, if the distance between the two working points is larger, :: The combined effect of workload and environment, the microprocessor may not be able to =: shooter = down. On the other hand, the smaller the distance between the two working points, the smaller the thermal protection capability of the thermal protection device in the work of the 1st and the warmer. In addition, if the conversion time is too long, the performance of the microprocessor at small frequencies and voltages will be affected. Because == is a high performance thermal monitoring and protection device. However, it is an object of the present invention to provide a microprocessor that can dynamically change power loss according to its operating temperature. The microprocessor handles a core logic circuit that operates according to a working core clock. The command, a sense of temperature sense, is used to monitor the working wave of the core logic circuit: a clock generation circuit for generating a core clock for providing a logic circuit; and a control circuit connected to the temperature sensor In order to monitor the core logic, the operating temperature of the circuit, and the microprocessor can be stably operated at the first - working point of the -th temperature - each - the first - the operating point has its own corresponding read voltage and read Frequency: The difficult circuit allows the core logic to switch between multiple first operating points.

Clients Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 11 200837547 Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for dynamically changing the power loss of a microprocessor according to a change in operating temperature. The method includes: selecting a first temperature value; determining a plurality of first operating points according to the first temperature value, each working point having its corresponding working voltage and operating frequency; monitoring the operating temperature of the microprocessor during operation And controlling the microprocessor to switch between the plurality of first operating points to maintain the operating temperature of the monitored microprocessor during operation within the first temperature value. The microprocessor and method for dynamically changing power loss according to changes in operating temperature according to the present invention can reduce power loss and improve performance according to changes in operating temperature of the microcomputer. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; A schematic diagram of a module of a computer system of the present invention. The computer system 1 包含 includes a voltage regulator module 〇 regulator module (VRM) 108 connected to the microprocessor 102. The voltage regulator module 108 a§e receives the voltage identification signal 'identifier' (VID) 144 from the microprocessor 1〇2, and an output terminal provides a voltage lock (Vlock) 156 to the microprocessor 1〇. 2, and an output terminal 竣 source voltage output signal (Vdd) 142 to the microprocessor 102. The micro-processing crying and electrical output voltage identification signal 144 controls the voltage regulator module 1 8 to output the power supply voltage output signal 142 as the power reduction of the microprocessor 102. Private

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT, s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne When the amplitude of the voltage identification signal 144 changes, the regulator module is 殂丨〇8遂12 200837547 two steps The supply voltage output signal 142 is adjusted to achieve the desired amplitude. At this point, the voltage regulator module 108 outputs a voltage lock signal 156 of the regulator module to indicate that the magnitude of the supply voltage output signal M2 has stabilized. In one embodiment, the regulator module 108 takes approximately 15 microseconds to stabilize when the wheel identification value of the voltage identification k number 144 changes. In another embodiment, the regulator module 1 增加 8 increases the magnitude of the supply voltage output signal 142 by 16 mV for each additional increase in the magnitude of the voltage identification signal 144. The microprocessor 102 includes a core logic circuit 1-6, a temperature sensor 132, a voltage and frequency control circuit 104, two parallel-operated phase-locked loops (PLL) 112A and 112B, and a selector 114. The voltage and frequency control circuit 104 includes a frequency doubling control circuit 128, a voltage identification (VID) control circuit 126, and a bias bias value 124. And a memory for storing the work point data 122. The voltage identification control circuit 126 generates a voltage identification signal 144 to the voltage regulator module 1A8 and receives a voltage lock signal 156 from the voltage regulator module 1A8. The bias setting 124 indicates whether the microprocessors ~ 102 have low power loss or are a high performance option. In one embodiment, the bias setting 124 is programmed by the system software (e.g., m系统s of the system or the operating system). Temperature sensor 13 2 monitors the temperature of microprocessor 1 〇 2 and outputs operating temperature 134 to voltage and frequency control circuit 1 〇 4. In one embodiment, the degree sensor 13 2 includes a plurality of temperature sensors that monitor the temperature values of the different components of the microprocessor state 102 and provide a maximum operating temperature 134 to the voltage and frequency control circuit 104. In one embodiment, temperature sensing

Clients Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TTJs Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 13 200837547 The device 132 is generally located in the micro processing position. °. The lock-up circuit 112A, which has the highest operating temperature, is known as the slewing circuit. The ship and the coffee come as the road 112B to output the clock signal (4) for the phase-locked loop to select the signal. The input of the multiplier control unit 114 selects &lt; LL select ) 118 ' as the selected value, and the selector wheel's phase-locked loop selection signal 118

The clock signal 152A, the t-phase loop 112A, or the phase-locked loop U2B 116〇〇i#iirs are either used as the working core clock _116. At the core of the work, I made a number. The phase-locked loop 112/ and the pin 6疋 core logic circuit 106 have a clock signal, and the sink circuit U2B receives a second bus 148/microprocessor received from the busbar. The number 148 generated by the external system 100 is determined by The computer system test and 1 Na postal 128 reduction _ multiplier signal ° 彳 ° number is provided to the phase-locked loop 4 phase-locked loop 112B. Phase-locked deficient... "12 eight-peak (four) rwn and phase-locked loop 112B produce '旒152A and 152B respectively. Clock signal 152 eight and 152b number 148 have a multiple relationship. The change of this multiple relationship does not matter. Phase-locked loop 112AAU2B changes the output of each of the received households = 46 Α and 146 B as the coefficient and the value of the multiple signal 146 of the bus line clock signal 148 / 目田田田 input, the phase lock loop mountain and lock = loop 112B gradually change the output The pulse signal 15 is from 152B until the desired amplitude can be reached. At this time, the phase locked loop 112A or the phase locked loop (10) outputs the frequency lock signal (5) 154A or 154B' of the multiplier control circuit to indicate the clock signal 152A or time. Pulse letter i coffee has ab.enfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No: 〇6〇8-A41635-TW/Final /J0anne 14 200837547 ,: is locked at the predetermined frequency. According to the known lock The operation of the phase loop, the output clock signals 152A and 152B are feedback signals of the phase locked loops 112A and 112B to synchronize the operating core clock signal 116 with the frequency of the bus clock signal 148. In one embodiment, When input multiple signal H 6A or U6B changes, the phase locked loop 112A or 112B takes approximately 1 microsecond to latch the signal. In another embodiment, the phase locked loops 112A and Π2Β can be multiplied by the frequency of the bus clock signal 148. The range of coefficient values is an integer from 2 to 12. The core logic circuit 106 is mainly used to extract and execute instructions and data. For example, the core logic circuit 106 generally includes a cache memory, a logic for fetching instructions and issuing instructions, and a structural sum. Unstructured scratchpad file, branch prediction unit, address generation unit, result writeback logic, bus interface unit, and some execution units, such as arithmetic unit, integer unit, floating point unit, single instruction unit, etc. Microprocessor architecture design. In one embodiment, core logic circuit 106 includes a microprocessor of the Χ86 architecture. Λ 1 Core logic circuit 106 typically includes a plurality of different programmable registers, including programmable scratchpads. The system software 158 can be programmed to operate the microprocessor 102 at a new operating point, a new operating temperature range, or other conditions. The point of operation is a combination of voltage and frequency pairs (pMr), under which the microprocessor 102 can operate stably at a predetermined temperature. For example, in one embodiment, the microprocessor 1〇2 is at 100 Celsius. ° °, can work stably at the operating point frequency of 10 GHz and the operating point % pressure is 0.75 V. The data description of the different working points of the U processing state 102

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 200837547 wt* - 鬌 There is work point data 122, its use will be further explained below. In another embodiment, the system software is programmed by the p-state value pair editable temporary cache 158 defined in accordance with the Advanced Configuration and Power Logic; I-side (ACPI) specification. ACP] [Specifications are based on the operating frequency of the CPU. Although the P state of ACPI does not indicate the value of a working blue, but according to the ACPI specification, in each supported p state, CP^ reports the consumption of a microprocessor. Typical power loss value. The programmable register 158 outputs a predetermined voltage identification signal 136 and a predetermined L frequency (requested ratio) signal 138 to the voltage and frequency control circuit 04, and the flat private state 158 can also be used to program the operating temperature range. The basis of the editable register 158 transmits the temperature range to the private voltage and frequency control circuit 1 through the signal 162, which will be explained in more detail in FIG. 9 and FIG. The voltage identification control circuit 126 and the frequency multiplication control circuit 128 generate a voltage identification signal 144, a multiple 彳§ 146, and a phase locked loop selection signal based on the pre-set voltage identification signal, the value of the pre-determined and temperature range signal ία. I". The 2 data 122 contains the setpoint values of the guard points (such as the pair of voltage and frequency, and the port) that can be fixed by the microprocessor 102 at a temperature of each guard. Figure 13 is a flow chart for determining work data in an embodiment. In one embodiment, the work point data 122 contains a table of work points corresponding to each operating temperature. Each entry in the table contains a maximum frequency multiple of the phase locked loop 112 that the microprocessor can steadily operate at a predetermined voltage identification signal 144 and a predetermined operating temperature. In one embodiment, this table contains the output of the voltage regulator module (10).

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 16 200837547 There is the magnitude of the supply voltage output signal 142 and the corresponding operating temperature and frequency multiples. In one embodiment, the operating point data 122 includes a frequency multiple that only corresponds to the magnitude of a portion of the possible supply voltage output signals 142, at which time the microprocessor 102 meters other possible supply voltage outputs through the data contained in the operating point data. The corresponding frequency multiple of the magnitude of signal 142. In another embodiment, by inferring the maximum amplitude and minimum amplitude of the supply voltage output signal 142, the microprocessor 1 计算 2 calculates a corresponding frequency multiple of the magnitude of the other possible supply voltage output signals 142. In another embodiment, microprocessor 102 calculates a corresponding frequency multiple of the magnitude of other possible supply voltage output signals 142 based on the polynomials previously stored in microprocessor 1〇2. In one embodiment, the manufacturer stores the work point data 122 in the microprocessor 1 在 2 during manufacture, such as in the hardware logic of the microprocessor 〇2. Correspondingly, in the manufacturing process of the microprocessor 1〇2, for example, after the components of the microprocessor 1〇2 are tested, the microprocessor architecture is produced, or some systems are operated through the microprocessor. The software, the point of operation of the program is programmed into the programmable fuse of the microprocessor 102, programmable logic, or non-volatile memory. Figure 2 is a flow chart of the present invention for converting the microprocessor 丨〇2 in Fig. 1 from a current p state or a working point to a new P state or a working point by a method of optimizing the monthly b. Figure. In step 202, microprocessor 102 receives a request signal from the system software that transitions from the current P state to a new p state. In one embodiment, the system software uses a request signal to change to the new P state.

Client's Docket No: CNTR2308I00_TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 17 200837547 The programmable register 158 in Figure 1 is programmed. Therefore, the predetermined voltage identification signal 136 and the predetermined core multiplying signal 138 are transmitted to the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 in Fig. 1. In another embodiment, only the predetermined core multiplier signal 138 is transmitted to the voltage and frequency control circuit 104, and the value of the new supply voltage output signal 142 is determined by the operating point data 122. In other embodiments, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 pre-determines the temperature, such as the highest operating temperature, through the information of the operating point to determine the minimum power supply that the microprocessor 102 can stably operate at the predetermined core multiplier signal 138. The value of the voltage output signal. The voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 in Fig. 204' Fig. 1 determines whether the operating frequency given by the new P state in step 202 is higher than the current operating frequency. If not, the flow proceeds to step 226, and if so, the flow proceeds to step 206. At step 206, voltage identification control circuit 126 increments the value of voltage identification signal 144 to cause regulator module 1 开始 8 to begin increasing the value of supply voltage output signal 142. That is, the voltage identification control circuit 126 outputs a voltage value higher than the value of the current voltage identification signal 144. Moreover, the voltage regulator module 108 can gradually increase the value of the power supply voltage output signal to a new amplitude in a smooth manner, so that the microprocessor 1 2 can operate normally during the power source voltage output # number conversion. That is, during operation of the regulator module 108 to change the supply voltage output signal 142, the operation of the microprocessor 102 need not be interrupted. The flow proceeds to step 2〇8. At step 208, if the operating voltage supply voltage turn-off signal 142 is raised to an adjacent relatively high voltage identification signal 144, voltage and frequency

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT,s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 18 200837547

The control circuit 104 determines from the operating point data 122 and the associated operating temperature maximum operating temperature whether the buoyancy of the working core clock signal 116 can be increased. If the frequency of the working core clock signal 116 can be increased, the flow proceeds to step 216' otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 212. At step 2 丨 2 ' voltage identification control circuit U6 waits for the voltage lock of the regulator die (4) 156, which indicates that the supply voltage output signal has been added to the value in step 206. The flow proceeds to step 214. 2. At step 214, the voltage and frequency control circuit determines if the step has been given a new one. status. If not, the flow returns to the bobbin 206 to continue to increase the voltage supply voltage output signal 142, and if so, the working core clock signal will be added until it can proceed: the new P-like energy in step 202;刖, 六如彳 幻 运 入 , , , , , otherwise, the process returns to step 202, etc.

Wait for the next P-shaped sad conversion request. Temple and 146B give the phase-locked loops that have not been operated yet. (4) 146A phase loops 112A and 112B are latched under 1, (10) the ancient position of the dynamic lock is ab, and the maximum value of the four-pulse signal 148 of the episode muscles is not based on the current The core of the work core = the previous work core clock signal 116 is determined by the forthcoming two: 6' signal, which corresponds to the voltage identification signal 144 outputted in step 206, Should not; the operating phase of the phase-locked loop 112A and the new frequency of the coffee; the number of the phase-locked loops 112a &amp; 112b in the second operation is the same. However, if the slope of the curve of the Weigong point is very large and large, the current two-level multiple is more than two levels.

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joa

Phase-locked loop 112A

Clienfs Docket Nn 19 200837547 The signal coffee is selected by the selector 114 as the core clock π = ' then the phase locked loop 112 Α is in the running state, the phase locked loop two swings L or the output clock signal 152 锁 of the phase locked loop (10) is selected =f is the working core clock signal 116, then the phase locked loop it is in the operational state, the phase locked loop n2A is not running to step 218. &&gt;;, L^ In step 218' voltage identification control circuit 126, etc. The voltage of the voltage locks the money 156. This signal indicates that the power supply voltage output signal has been increased (4) by a predetermined amplitude. The flow proceeds to step 222. The tiger 142 waits for the phase-locked loops U2A and U2 to signal and (10). The pulse signal 152Α and ^ member = are locked in the new frequency requirement. The person is in (4) 224., and the second is in the 224 224 'multiplier 146 switch lock i is not shipped as the working core clock signal 116 'this makes The phase-locked loop mA or 112 of the original traffic light has entered the human running state and the phase-locked loop H2B or 112Α of the original transmission = + has entered the non-operating state. When the frequency multiplication of the phase-locked loop changes, the output of the phase-locked loop 112Α and (10) Signal cannot be used, straight The phase-locked loop is latched at a new frequency. Further into the +, said that because the microprocessor is removed from the two phase-locked loops, that is, the phase-locked loop two: and the phase-locked loop U2B, they can alternately operate in the Guardian And the inactive state, the read core clock signal 116 can be effectively and quickly changed, as described herein and in U.S. Patent Application No. 0/8 i 6〇〇4 (CNTR 22丨6), application 4/1/2004 Illustrated in the volume. In one embodiment, the working core

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 20 200837547 The ^ 广 116 is not changing during the processor bus conversion circuit 128 is in the ^ phase-locked loop selection signal 118 Μ, the frequency multiplication control: (3) to do an auxiliary monitoring and wait for the end of the bus conversion phase of 206 ^ 224 ^, the monthly 匕 ° towel shipment is because the increase of the voltage identification signal 144 is very Μ ^ two has an increase of 16mV . However, in other embodiments, the expected increase in the electric tiger 144 may be quite large, in which case 彳 return to 216 and 218 to activate the non-operating phase-locked loop or 112 Β and lock it at a higher Prior to multiples, the regulator module 1〇8 was able to run. The money flow proceeds to step 214. At step 226, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines whether the ρ state has been entered in step 202. If the ρ state has been entered, the flow proceeds to step 202 to wait for the next &quot;large state request signal. The arrival of the flow; if there is an entry, the flow proceeds to step 228.

At step 228, when the supply voltage output signal 142 is to be reduced to the lowest voltage identification &gt; [sf tiger 144, the voltage and frequency control circuit 110 determines the working core clock signal 116 from the operating point data 122 and the highest operating temperature. Whether the frequency needs to be reduced. If there is no need to reduce the frequency, the flow proceeds to step 238, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 232. At step 232, the frequency multiplying control circuit 128 outputs a new multiple signal 146 to the non-operating phase-locked loop n2A or 112B to activate the non-operating phase-locked loop 112A or 112B and to latch the lowest of the next bus clock signal M8. In multiples, instead of being latched at the frequency of the current core clock signal 116, this is due to the upcoming supply voltage output signal 142.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 21 200837547 The supply voltage output signal 142 corresponds to the value of the step 238 rounding 3 identification signal 144. In general, the 幅 voltage or the multiple signal of 112B 咐A or the new amplitude of the leakage is smaller than the amplitude of the multiple signal of the phase-locked loop 112Β or 112A of the line--but if the operating point curve The slope is large, and the new multiple is currently two orders of magnitude smaller or more. The flow proceeds to step 234. Off - At step 234', wait for the phase-locked loop 112 and U2B to rotate the frequencies 疋佗唬 154A and 154B. This means that the clock signal 152 and 152b麫 are set at the new frequency requirement. In an embodiment, when waiting for a request signal to change to a new p state in step 20^, the non-operating phase lock=112A or 112B is pre-latched to the next lowest value e, k An optimization, because when switching to a higher p state, the voltage=rate control circuit has to wait for a long time to allow the voltage regulator module 108 to increase the magnitude of the supply voltage output signal 142. The conversion 'this conversion time is longer than the time when the non-operating phase-locked loops mA and 112B are latched at the next highest multiple; however, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 can be immediately reduced when switching to a lower p-like % The multiple 'does not wait for the regulator module (10) to complete the conversion of the magnitude of the supply voltage output signal 142. The flow proceeds to step 236. At step 236, the multiple signal 146 switches the phase locked loop select signal ^8 to select the non-operating phase locked loop 112A or 112B to output the clock signal 152A or 152B as the working core clock signal 116, which causes the lock that was not originally operated. The phase loop 112A or 112B enters an operating state and the originally operating phase-locked loop 112B or U2a enters an inoperative state. The flow proceeds to ^ D°Ck=N°°6〇SSS /JC 22 200837547 Step 238. At step 238, the value of voltage identification 144 is such that regulator mode worker path 126 reduces the value of voltage identification signal 142. That is, 8 begins to lower the supply voltage output signal. The value 1 of the new voltage identification signal 144 identifies that the control circuit 126 outputs a value that is one level less than the current amplitude. , 'This new voltage identification signal 144' is a smooth method to reduce the power supply = the voltage regulator module 108 can be used by the microprocessor 102 to be at the value of the power supply Lei 仏 142, therefore,. The flow proceeds to step 242. During the amplitude conversion period of the output, in step 242, the voltage lock signal 156 of the voltage identification #108, the two channels 126 wait for the voltage regulator module 142 to increase to a predetermined amplitude, indicating that the private source voltage output signal is referenced. Figure 3, this is. Figure. ; to step 226. In the embodiment shown in the figure, the state of the 转 state shifter is based on the second number in the order of microseconds. The lead voltage output signal 142 of the horizontal axis of the towel. The time is the unit of the working voltage. It increases the power with the electric 麈 identification signal 144. The 375 co-coordinate axis indicates that the corresponding power supply H out W 142 is measured by 0.7V to ❿ per-power plant _,; The signal W range is that the argument of the vertical axis in the figure is GHz; the increase of ^ 44 is 16mV ° The frequency of the working core clock is 垆U6. As shown in Figure 3, the bus clock frequency *2^ stream pulse multiplier ranges from 2x to 10x, which makes the corresponding core clock frequency range from 400MHz to 2GHz. Figure 3 shows the corresponding power supply from the lowest 400MHz (2 times) according to the flow shown in Figure 2.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 200837547 The voltage output signal 142 is P state multiplier when 0·7ν), and the corresponding power supply voltage output signal 142 is Γ, careful 0 Conversion chart. In the whole 375 microsecond state turn:, Ρ 悲 32 32 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ The length under the curve of the social heart 32 == rectangle is the frequency of the working core clock signal 116 = ' _ electric _ pressure output signal m amplitude of the sum and work such as the clock signal 116 (four) rate increase, these rectangular area Also, plus. The embodiment of Fig. 3 is based on the flow chart of Fig. 2, and the performance of the microprocessor during state transition is approximately _ core clock cycles. In addition, in all about 375 microseconds, the P state transition from the lowest p state 3 丨 to the highest P state 32 requires 25 changes in the voltage identification signal, wherein the amount of change of the voltage identification signal is 16 mV each time, and requires approximately 15 microseconds. What Figure 3 does is a transition from a P state to a higher p state, which is optimized according to the flow of Figure 2 to optimize performance during state transitions. As shown in Figure 2, this flow can also be used as a transition from a p-state to a lower P-state to optimize performance during state transitions. However, in the real world, when switching to a lower p state, the operation will be optimized to reduce the power loss 'that is,' when the voltage value is converted to the specified amplitude, immediately switch to the lower P. The state is to lower the operating frequency and maintain the operating frequency at the lower P state. Referring to the brother 4 map 'This is the microprocessor to carry out the p-bear under the traditional method

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00_TW TT’s Docket No: 0608-A41635_TW/Final /Joanne 24 200837547 Image at the time of conversion. The first pressure gradually rises to the highest ί p = is substantially the same as in Figure 3, but before the supply of electricity in the 40_Hz frequency state, the 'microprocessor-straight pulse frequency rises directly to:, times) until it reaches At L1V, the core example shows performance of approximately 〇〇GHZ (1〇). Therefore, as shown in Fig. 4, from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, there are 15〇, 〇〇() core clock cycles. The time required for the p state can be seen from the current P state to another - magnitude. The material in Figure 1: &quot;* is quite long, generally in the hundreds of microseconds, the advantage is based on double; 1 processor 102 runs according to the flow in Figure 2, when the state transitions, not = Γ 112Α And the design of 112B is in progress? The instantaneous conversion of the core clock circuit 106 of the working core clock signal can be changed. Also, the HM 106 execution program instruction of the working core clock signal 116 capable of completing the multiplication of the operating point. := Logic The microprocessor says that it must stop at least during a single lock: different 'for the traditional rate, for example n = 112 to latch the new frequency by comparing Figure 3 with the 10th microsecond. In addition, mouth? As shown in Figure 4, the circuit in the microprocessor 102 is operated according to the flow in Figure 2 =: 'It is 3 times more than the conventional method to obtain the number of execution instructions, which may be A few hundred microseconds. These two performance optimizations are quite large, = not in the environment where the temperature changes are relatively large, the m ^ conversion is more frequent. μ p-like sorrow is shown in Figure 2, from step to step 224 or from step to step 242 #flow, as the electric castle identification signal 144

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 25 200837547 _ Λ mr' Increase or decrease, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 may not increase or decrease the corresponding number, And vice versa. This depends on the amount of change of the voltage identification signal 144 each time, such as 16 mV, depending on the amount of frequency change when the multiple changes, such as 2 〇〇 mHz, depending on the value of the effective operating point stored in the operating point data 122 or from The effective working point value calculated in the work point data 122. Thus, for example, assume that during a transition to a more south P state, the microprocessor 102 currently operates at 1.2 GHz (6 times) and 〇·9 ν. The voltage and frequency control circuit 104 will operate step 206: to increase the supply voltage output signal 142 to 0.916V. If the operating point data 122 indicates that the microprocessor 1〇2 is stable at i 2 GHz (6 times) at 〇·9ΐ6ν, but cannot operate stably at 1.4 GHz (7 times), the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 abandons operation. Step 216 to step 224 and continue to operate at 1.2 GHz until the power supply voltage output signal reaches a working point. The data table can be set to operate at a new amplitude of 1.4 gHz. At this time, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 repeatedly operates step 216 to Step 224. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 has changed 25 times of the electro-voltage identification signal (4) and the 8 times of the working core clock signal 116, and therefore, about every 3 times of voltage After the change of the literacy signal 144, the electric C and the frequency control circuit 1〇4 are performed! Sub-work core clock signal multiples change. As in the example shown in Figure 3, a single curve of the highest operating temperature is assumed. However, the steps in Figure 2 will be used by the example of Figure 5 to achieve a conversion of the operating point when multiple operating temperatures are involved. Referring to the brother 5, this is when the operating temperature of the microprocessor 1〇2 is lower than a certain

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT, s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 26 200837547 A temperature amplitude, according to the present invention, in order to save power loss, the microprocessor 102 in Figure 1 reduces the work Flow chart at voltage. The flow begins in step 502. At step 502, the manufacturer of microprocessor 1 选择 2 selects a maximum operating temperature (Tmax), the user operates microprocessor 1 〇 2 at this temperature, and stores the value of the southernmost operating temperature at the operating point data. 122. The maximum operating temperature is determined by the technical specifications of the unit, the customer's requirements, the refrigeration system provided by the computer manufacturer, and other factors. In one embodiment, the selected maximum operating temperature is 1 Torr. , although other values may be selected. In another embodiment, the manufacturer selects the highest operating temperature based on market demand. In some cases, the manufacturer selects the maximum operating temperature in order to ensure that the user can operate the microprocessor 102 stably, at which temperature the microprocessor can operate stably for a lifetime. In another example, the manufacturer provides a 10-year warranty' although other values may be selected. In another embodiment, the manufacturer determines the maximum operating temperature based on the accelerated life test of the microprocessor. In one example, the value I of the highest operating temperature is programmed into the programmable fuse of the microprocessor 102. The flow proceeds to step 504. In step 504, the manufacturer of microprocessor 1〇2 selects at least one replaceable operating temperature (Talt) for microprocessor 1〇2, which is lower than the maximum operating temperature and has a replaceable operating temperature. Included in the work point data 122. In one embodiment, the manufacturer of microprocessor 1 2 may select a plurality of values for the alternate operating temperature to determine the information of the operating points involved in step 506 and in Figures 14 and 15. In another

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 27 200837547 -_ Only in the case of 'Microprocessor 102 may work at a default replacement operating temperature' at this time, the system The software will replace the value of the other highest operating temperature with the program into the register used by the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4. In other embodiments, the value of the default alternate operating temperature is programmed into the programmable fuse of microprocessor 102. The flow proceeds to step 5〇6. At step 506, the manufacturer of microprocessor 1 确定 2 determines its operating point information for each of the highest operating temperature and the alternate operating temperature. (eg, a voltage value table for each operating frequency, or a voltage value of at least two frequencies, wherein f can calculate other intermediate frequency voltage values from the voltage values of the two frequencies.) In one embodiment, the highest operating temperature The working point of the replaceable working temperature §fL疋 is determined by the process of Figure 13. The process goes to step jog. At step 508, when microprocessor 102 is operating at a predetermined operating frequency, the operating temperature of microprocessor 102 will be monitored. That is, temperature sensor 132 monitors current operating temperature 134 and communicates this temperature to voltage and frequency control circuit 104 in FIG. The solution to the work in the first place is devaluation, which is just the frequency of _ bribe = =0, able to work. In another embodiment, the system software causes the microprocessor to operate at a specified operating frequency. For example, the system software may be the system's BIOS or operating system. In a further embodiment, the system software programs the microprocessor to operate at a specified operating frequency by programming the value of the performance state &gt; state. In another example, the value of 'P-sorrow' is compliant with the configuration and power management interface (ACPI) specifications, such as ACPI's 3. The flow proceeds to step 512.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 28 200837547 乂 骤 512 ’ Voltage and frequency control circuit H) 4 determines whether the current temperature is lower than the replaceable m (four) (four). Due to various factors, the current temperature may be lower than the magnitude of the replaceable operating temperature. For example, due to the execution of the program, (4) (4) the workload is reduced 'or the operating environment changes, for example, the computer room air conditioner is turned on or taken away. An obstacle that blocks air circulation near the processor 102. Further, as shown in Fig. 5, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 reduces the operating temperature m' by reducing the supply voltage output signal 142 to reduce the power loss of the microprocessor. In addition, since the micro-processing 1 1 〇 2 operates at a lower voltage, the power consumed is relatively small, and its operating temperature m can be - directly lower than the value of the replaceable operating temperature - so 'more favorable for a long time Work at lower temperatures to save power loss. If the current operating temperature m is not lower than the value of the replaceable operating temperature, the flow proceeds to step 522, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 514. At step 514, the voltage and frequency control circuit 110 determines the value of the converted voltage by operating point information at which the microprocessor 102 operates at the current frequency and the alternate operating temperature. The voltage and frequency control circuit 104 may query the voltage value from a v-table or determine the voltage value from the operating point data stored in the operating point information 122. The flow proceeds to step 516. At step 516, voltage and frequency control circuit 104 determines if microprocessor 102 is operating at the operating voltage determined in step 514. If so, the flow returns to step 508, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 518. At step 518, the voltage and frequency control circuit 〇4 reduces the operating voltage to the voltage amplitude determined in step 514, that is, outputs the value of the appropriate voltage identification signal 144 to the voltage regulator module 1 第 8 in FIG. This corresponds accordingly

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 29 200837547, provides a reduced value of the supply voltage output signal 142 to the microprocessor 102. In an embodiment, the voltage and frequency control circuit 〇4 reduces the supply voltage output signal 142 by a relatively small amplitude, e.g., at an amplitude of i6 mV, until it reaches the amplitude reduced in step 514. The flow proceeds to step 508. At step 522, voltage and frequency control circuit 110 determines whether microprocessor interface 102 is operating at the highest voltage of the current frequency, e.g., the voltage value of the current frequency at the highest operating temperature. If so, the flow proceeds to step 508, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 524. i At step 524, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 increases the operating voltage to a maximum value. In one embodiment, the voltage and frequency control circuit 110 increases the operating voltage supply voltage output signal 142 by a relatively small amplitude, for example, an amplitude of 16 mV until it reaches a maximum. The flow returns to step 508 °. According to another embodiment shown in Figures 14 and 15, the manufacturer of the microprocessor 1〇2 determines a plurality of replacement temperatures, and not only has only one replacement temperature, and stores a corresponding number of Work point information for replacing temperature. In this embodiment, the operating voltage of the microprocessor 102 may be switched between the voltage of the highest temperature and the voltage of the plurality of replacement temperatures with a change in temperature due to the difference in workload and working environment. Therefore, the microprocessor is operated at a lower power loss depending on the required frequency or performance, for example, the operating system or other software may determine the frequency and performance requirements. Referring to Fig. 6, this is an operational image of the microprocessor corresponding to the example of Fig. 5. The horizontal axis of the graph is the power supply voltage in volts.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 30 200837547 c-&quot; Output signal 142. The argument on the vertical axis in the figure is the working core clock § § 116 in GHz. As shown in Figure 6, the bus clock frequency is 200MHz. The bus multiplier range is from 2x to double, which makes the corresponding working core clock signal 116 range from 400MHz (2x) to 2GHz ( 1〇). There are two voltage and frequency curves in the image, one at the southernmost operating temperature, in this example 100 Celsius. One is at a replaceable operating temperature, in this example 60 Celsius. . As shown in Figure 6, the operating point of 1.1V corresponds to an operating frequency of 2.0 GHz at the highest operating temperature, and the operating point of 0.972V corresponds to an operating frequency of 2·〇 GHz at an alternate operating temperature. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 6, when operating at 2.0 GHz, if the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 determines that the operating temperature 134 is lower than 60 degrees Celsius, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 may output a power supply voltage signal. The value of 142 was reduced from ι·ιν to 0.972V. As shown in FIG. 6, if the operating temperature 134 is lower than the value of the replaceable operating temperature, the supply voltage output signal 142 may be reduced to a lower amplitude based on the value of each of the operating core clock signals 116. The power loss of the microprocessor 102 that can be saved is greater than the power loss that can be saved when operating at the highest value of the supply voltage output signal 142 and the operating core clock signal H6. As can be seen from Figures 5 and 6, this example can reduce the power consumed by the microprocessor 102 at the required level of performance. The following examples will be further elaborated. Assuming that computer system 100 is only used to view a DVD, the operating system accordingly determines that only a lower performance requirement is required and power loss can be reduced. Therefore, the operating system can be programmed to make the microprocessor 1〇2

Client’s Docket NO..CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 31 200837547 Works at 1.2GHz clock frequency. Assuming that the operation/drainage 134 of the microprocessor i() 2 is lower than the magnitude of the replaceable operating temperature by 6 〇 Celsius, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 lowers the power supply turn-on signal 142 to a lower amplitude. To further reduce the power loss of the microprocessor 1〇2. Another advantage of the examples shown in Figures 5 and 6 is not only a potential reduction in the dynamic power loss of the microprocessor 1.2, but a potential reduction in the static power loss of the microprocessor 102. The main cause of static power loss is that there is considerable leakage in the transistor even when there is no state transition. Leakage is proportional to the operating voltage. Therefore, reducing the supply voltage output signal 142 according to the examples of Figures 5 and 6 can also reduce static power loss. Furthermore, even if the magnitude of the decrease in the value of the power supply voltage output signal 142 is small, considerable power loss can be saved. Referring to Fig. 7, this is a flow chart in which the microprocessor 102 of Fig. 1 increases its performance when the operating temperature of the microprocessor 1 〇 2 is below a certain level in accordance with the present invention. The method referred to in Figure 7 is referred to herein as "overload" or "overloaded" to distinguish it from conventional overclocking. In conventional overclocking I, its microprocessor 102 does not monitor its operating temperature and adjusts the multiple of its operating frequency between the highest multiple and the overload multiple depending on the operating temperature. The process proceeds to step 704. At step 704, the manufacturer selects a maximum operating temperature at which the microprocessor 102 can operate normally. This temperature is referred to as the highest operating temperature and is included in the operating point data 122. The maximum operating temperature is determined by the technical specifications of the unit, the customer's requirements, the refrigeration system provided by the computer manufacturer, and other factors. In one embodiment

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 32 In 200837547, the highest operating temperature selected is 100 Celsius. , although other values may be selected. In another embodiment, the manufacturer selects the highest operating temperature based on market demand. In some cases, the manufacturer selects the maximum operating temperature in order to ensure that the user can operate the microprocessor 102 stably, at which temperature the microprocessor can operate stably for a lifetime. In another example, the manufacturer provides a 10-year warranty, although other values can be selected. In another example, the manufacturer determines the maximum operating temperature based on the accelerated life test of the microprocessor. In one example, the value of the highest operating temperature is programmed into the programmable mating wire of microprocessor 102. Flow proceeds to step 706. 〇 In step 706, the manufacturer determines a maximum operating frequency (Fmax) at which the microprocessor 102 can operate stably at the highest operating temperature. The manufacturer also determines a maximum operating voltage (Vmax), which is the voltage at which microprocessor 102 operates at its highest operating frequency and maximum operating temperature. In this embodiment, the operating point data of the highest operating temperature is determined by the example of Fig. 13. In the example shown in Figure 8, the highest voltage and the highest operating frequency are 1.1V and 2.0GHz (10 times), respectively. The flow proceeds to step 708. At step 708, the manufacturer picks up the operating temperature (Τον) at the time of the overload and is included in the operating point data 122. The value of the overload operating temperature is lower than the value of the highest operating temperature. The overload operating temperature is also determined by the technical specifications of the unit, the customer's requirements, the refrigeration system provided by the computer manufacturer, and other factors. In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the selected overload operating temperature is 75° ’ Μ Μ other values may also be

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 33 200837547 I- ' To be selected. The flow proceeds to step 712. In step 712, the manufacturer determines the highest overload operating frequency (F〇v) at which the microprocessor 102 can operate stably at the overload operating temperature. The manufacturer also determines a maximum overload operating voltage (γ〇ν), which is the voltage at which the microprocessor 102 operates at the highest overload operating frequency and overload operating temperature. In this embodiment, the operating point data for the overload operating temperature is determined by the example of Figure 13. In the example shown in Figure 8, the values of the highest overload operating voltage and the most overloaded operating frequency are 1 · 132v and 2.4GHz (12 times), respectively. Different amplitude requirements make the microprocessor 1〇2 work in the overload state, and the maximum working temperature, overload working temperature, maximum working frequency, Yuannan overload working frequency, Linan working voltage, highest overload working voltage and other data values are stored. The microprocessor 102 is entered as part of the operating point data 122 in FIG. The flow proceeds to step 714. At step 714, the operating temperature of microprocessor 1 〇 2 is monitored. That is, the temperature sensor 132 monitors the current operating temperature of the microprocessor 1 〇 2 and transmits the operating temperature 13 4 to the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 in the Figure 1. Initially, the microprocessor 102 operates at the highest working voltage and highest operating frequency. In one embodiment, the system software controls the microprocessor 102 to or may not operate in an overload state by programming the microprocessor 1〇2. The flow proceeds to step 716. At step 716, voltage and frequency control circuit 104 determines if current operating temperature 134 is lower than the magnitude of the overload operating temperature determined in step 708. For various reasons, the current temperature may be lower than the magnitude of the overload operating temperature, for example, due to the reduced workload of the microprocessor due to execution of the program,

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 34 200837547 Η- ' , ·. Or the operating environment, or the change of the refrigeration system. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 7, the voltage and frequency control circuit 110 reduces the current operating temperature 134 by reducing the operating core clock signal 116 to reduce the power of the microprocessor 1〇2. If the current operating temperature m is not lower than the value of the overload operating temperature, the flow proceeds to step 724, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 718. At step 718, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines whether the working core day pulse signal U6 has reached the highest overload operating frequency. If the process reaches, the process returns to step 714 to monitor the ambient temperature: otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 722. At step 722, as shown in FIG. 8, the voltage and frequency control circuit just controls the voltage regulator module 108 and the phase-locked loop 112 and n2B to operate the microprocessor 1 〇 2 at the highest overload operating frequency and the highest overload operation. Under voltage. Yahe, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 described in the operation causes the microprocessor to convert at the highest overload operating frequency and the highest overload operating voltage [and the conversion process from step 206 to step 帛2) Similarly, according to the overload operating temperature curve, the microprocessor 1〇2 can work stably at the overload operating temperature. Flow returns to step 714 to continue monitoring the current operating temperature 134. At step 724, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines the operating core, and whether the clock signal 116 has reached the highest operating frequency. If so, the flow returns to step 714 to continue monitoring the ambient temperature; otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 726. Here, the TM3 device in Fig. 9 may be used in combination with the overload device in Fig. 7, and therefore, the flow may also be from step 7^4.

Client's Docket No. : CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 35 200837547 Proceed to step 918 in Figure 9. r In step 726, as shown in FIG. 8, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4, the voltage regulator module 108 and the phase-locked loop 112 and U2b are used to operate the microprocessor β 102 at the highest operating frequency and highest operation. Under voltage. Moreover, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 described herein causes the micro-processing boundary to convert the highest operating frequency and the highest jade voltage to be similar to the conversion process of the second (fourth) step = 226 to step 242, according to the highest The operating temperature curve, the microprocessor 102 can work stably under the highest temperature work. Due to various reasons mentioned in step 716, the current temperature may be higher than the magnitude of the overload operating temperature, such as an increase in the workload of the microprocessor (10) or a change in the operating environment. Furthermore, according to step 724 to the top, the voltage and frequency control circuit may be transparent if necessary == increase in operating temperature 134 and lower the working core clock signal to avoid excessive temperature of the microprocessor 102, possibly In the case, he starts the microprocessor 1〇2 to work in the overload state. The flow returns to step 714 to continue monitoring the current operating temperature 134. In the figure, the microprocessor 102 in Fig. 1 operates on the image in the overload state according to the example of the seventh embodiment. The output of the horizontal axis in the figure; the power supply voltage output signal 142. Power supply dust transmission GH; 5: - circumference is from (10) to MV. The argument on the vertical axis is the 2-bit working core clock signal 116. As shown in Fig. 8, the frequency of the ^^ is the leg deletion, and the range of the clock multiplier of the bus is from 2^ such that the corresponding core and clock frequency range is from 40 faces. FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. Process data from work points

Client ?s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TTJs Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /JoaniK 36 200837547 For Z, the working voltage and the highest king frequency are 1.1V and 2.0GHz, and the temperature is the operating temperature. Photo. Service and fight for the ancient # # ^光氏 〇 〇 0 conversion to the overload working point, that is, take the overload working voltage and the highest overload: wide temperature for the overload operating temperature, that is, 75 degrees Celsius when the conversion curve. 11 The advantage of running under 2 I-I is that it can work under the traditional refrigeration system provided by the computer system with the micro-zero = 02. Overloading allows the microprocessor H 1G2 to operate dynamically at overload frequencies or below the overload frequency. This depends primarily on the difference between the amount of operation and the operating environment. - This conventional refrigeration system is sufficient for the microprocessor 102 to have cooling performance. The opposite 'conventional overclocking method does not monitor the operating temperature of the microprocessor 102 to automatically dynamically adjust the frequency. That is to say, the frequency is fixed on the overclock, or in the best case, the frequency can be adjusted by the user through BI0S. This does not ensure the stable operation of the microprocessor. The overload state provides a similar advantage over overclocking' that is the ability to connect some electrical contacts to the periphery of the microprocessor to initiate the bus frequency multiple, such as provided by some AMD Athlon components. Another advantage of overloading is that the other components connected to the front-end busbar do not need to operate at a higher clock frequency, so there is no problem that conventional refrigeration systems cannot be required and performance is unstable. An additional advantage of overloading is that since the frequency variation is internal to the microprocessor 102, there is no need to interrupt the external processor bus when the frequency changes. The advantages of overloading also include the fact that the overload method enables the microprocessor 102 manufacturer to test the operating conditions in the event of overloading, thus ensuring that the microprocessor is stable under overloaded operating points.

Client’s Docket No. :CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 37 200837547 This is something that traditional overclocking methods cannot achieve. Referring to Fig. 9, a method for dynamically operating the microprocessor of Fig. 1 to the highest performance or the highest performance in a specific temperature range according to the present invention. The method in Figure 9 is called "TM3" because it is an improvement to Intel's "TM2". The flow begins in step 902. At step 902, a range of operating temperatures is selected. This range of operation is the range in which the microprocessor 102 can operate at maximum performance. The working range is determined by the minimum operating temperature (Tmin) and the maximum operating temperature (Tmax). In one embodiment, the minimum operating temperature and the southernmost operating temperature may be one of a minimum operating temperature or a maximum operating temperature, or a range, or a range, or a minimum operating temperature and a maximum operating temperature. . In one embodiment, the system software programs this range into programmable register 158. In another embodiment, the programmable value may be selected by the user. The temperature range 162 is supplied to the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 in Fig. 1. In other embodiments, temperature range 162 is determined by the manufacturer of microprocessor 102. In one embodiment, a pre-specified operating range is a default temperature range that can be changed by programmable register 158. In yet another embodiment, the value of the highest operating temperature is pre-specified by the manufacturer of microprocessor 102 and the value of the minimum operating temperature is determined by system software programming. In other embodiments, the characteristics of TM3 are determined by the system software whether or not to apply. The flow proceeds to step 904. At step 904, the operating temperature of the microprocessor 102 is monitored. That is, temperature sensor 132 monitors microprocessor 102's current operating temperature 134 and communicates this temperature to voltage and frequency control circuit 104 in FIG.

Client's Docket No.:CNTR2308I00-TW TT,s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 38 200837547 ' · _, micro processing is working on the internal working core clock ιΐ6 and the power supply voltage output signal 142 point. However, after a period of time, as the operating temperature 134 changes, the voltage and frequency control circuit 〇4 switches between different operating points. Many reasons, such as workload, external environment, and changes in the cooling system, can result in differences in operating temperature 134. The process proceeds to step 906. At step 906, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines whether the current temperature is higher than the highest operating temperature determined in step 902. If not high, the flow proceeds to step 918, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 9-8. At step 908, voltage and frequency control circuit 104 determines if supply voltage output signal 142 is already the lowest voltage identification signal 144 provided by regulator module 1A8. As shown in FIG. 10, the supply voltage output signal 142 is the lowest voltage provided by the regulator module 108 at 0.7V. If the power supply voltage output signal 142 is already the lowest voltage identification signal 144, the flow returns to step 904 to continue monitoring the microprocessor temperature, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 912. (At step, the voltage and frequency control circuit 111 determines from the operating point data 122 whether the frequency of the core clock signal 116 is operating when the operating voltage supply voltage output signal 142 falls to the next lowest voltage identification signal 144 in step 916. The process needs to be reduced. If not, the flow proceeds to step 916; otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 914. At step 914, the frequency multiplication control circuit 128 converts the frequency of the working core clock signal 116 to a current operating core clock signal 116. The frequency is lower than the lowest multiple of the next bus clock signal 148, which is

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I〇〇-TW TT's Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 39 200837547 Step 9!6 Lost _ new electric mm difficult number i4 said that the conversion of this table is shown in Figure 2 required. Further, this avoids the traditional method t waiting for phase lock. That is to say, the work point conversion is effectively performed without loss by time, for example,: 1〇2 can be instantaneously converted through the double-locked loop effective carrying device, and can also be the amplitude of the second 142 μ Z ^ Change the power supply house output letter saying 142 = value in the process of continuing to work stably 104 can be used in the necessary control of your home, and carry out quite frequent work point conversion. When 1 is changed frequently, the microprocessor 102 is operated in the temperature range 162 of step 902 U. The flow proceeds to step 916. At step 916, voltage identification control circuit 126 reduces the value of ink identification number 144 to cause the regulator mode, board (10) to transition to the value of the lowest output voltage output signal 142 of the next output. Moreover, the conversion here is implemented by =226 to 242 in FIG. 2 'avoiding performance degradation because the microprocessor 102 can be in the process of changing the amplitude of the power supply voltage output signal 142 by the voltage regulator module 108. Continue to work steadily. Thus, when it is desired to operate the microprocessor 102 in the temperature range determined in step 902, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 can effect frequent switching of the operating point. The process returns to step 904 to continue monitoring temperature 134. At step 918, voltage and frequency control circuit 110 determines if current temperature 134 is less than the minimum operating temperature determined in step 902. If not, the flow returns to step 904 to continue monitoring the current operating temperature 134, otherwise the flow proceeds to step 922.

Client's Docket No..CNTR2308I00-TW TT9s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 200837547 In step 922', the voltage and frequency control circuit 14 operates at the core clock #唬116 whether the phase-locked response rate is reached. In the example shown in Fig. 10, the working frequency of the working load e L ^ ^ the defending frequency 2. GGHZ (10 companion) is the highest working '仏' provided by the microprocessor 102 _ , b ^ ^ 1 head rate. However, since the figure 9 is related to the t picture, the work point provided by the microprocessor is the operating point when overloading, for example, the load point is at 2.4 GHz (12 times) port ~ work signal 110 has already returned to step 904 in the highest working frequency ^ day 脉 pulse f 11 = 7 千千机 rank to monitor the current working temperature 134, otherwise, &amp;,, k J / melon into step 924 〇 in step 924 The voltage identification control circuit 126 increases the value of the voltage number 14 4 to cause the voltage regulator module to be simply converted to the lower power supply voltage of the signal 142. And, the orientation and the delay of the conversion by the flute 1 Steps 206 to 224 are implemented. The flow enters the step coffee. In step 926, when the voltage and frequency control circuit m ° 122 142 - the most surface voltage identification signal 144, whether the frequency of the core clock = needs to be raised If not, the process continues to monitor the current operating temperature 134, otherwise, the cold step 4 enters the step δ in steps J. In step 928, the frequency multiplication control circuit 128 converts the frequency of the working core 116 to the ratio. The next bus of the current working core clock signal The highest multiple of the pulse signal 148, t B hand: a new electric_signal 144 household; request: yes == said that this morning conversion is from step 2〇6 to 224 h ^ in the second figure , avoiding the traditional method of waiting for the phase-locked loop to latch; 22,

Client’s Docket No. :CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Jo; 200837547

f %

= cited: performance is reduced. The process returns to step 9 〇 4 to continue monitoring the operating temperature 134 of the MN. The same as the 1G diagram 'This is the microprocessor 1G2 in Figure 1 according to the ninth embodiment of the second embodiment of the "actual optimization performance and specified temperature range = image. The horizontal axis of the diagram is based on The power supply voltage output in volts is #旒142. The power supply voltage output signal 142 ranges from 〇·7ν to 1.1V. The vertical axis of the figure is the working core clock signal 116 in GHz, as shown in Figure 10. The bus frequency of the bus is 2 〇〇 MHz, and the range of the clock multiplex of the first row is from 2 times to 10 times, which makes the corresponding core frequency range from 400 MHz to 2 GHz. According to Figure 9, Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the transitions in a plurality of intermediate operating points between the highest operating point 1020 and the lowest operating point 1〇1. In one embodiment, the manufacturer determines the microprocessing to be at a certain temperature and maximum operating frequency. The highest operating voltage, thus: to determine the highest operating point, the manufacturer also determines the minimum operating voltage of the microprocessor at the same temperature and the lowest operating frequency, thereby determining the minimum operating point, while passing the highest operating voltage and the lowest operating voltage Multiple intermediate voltages can be calculated, This can determine a plurality of intermediate operating points. As shown in the figure, when the working core clock signal 116 is not in operation to keep the operating temperature within a specified range, the voltage and frequency control circuit 〇4 constantly The operating temperature 134 is monitored and switched between different adjacent operating points. Thus, the embodiment of Figure 9 allows the microprocessor 1 to be in a given amount of time, a certain amount of external environment and cooling for a given period of time. In the state of the system, the performance is close to the highest performance requirement. In Figure 10, A indicates that when the operating temperature drops below Tmin,

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 42 200837547 The upside down between the work and the phase temperature drops to Tmi = point. B indicates that when the operating temperature rises above π, the conversion is made between ‘, and 占, until the temperature rises to τ to reach the minimum operating point. Up or 211®' This figure is a working diagram of TM2 thermal monitoring. In Intel's Longman Choi, TM ^, (4) clothing points are close to the last position mentioned. The first 徂仃K in the background section cannot be compared with the data in the H) figure in the specific Intel processor θ y working point data value. 1 The information provided in the figure is as shown in the TM2 method, the system soft-turn symbol mo) is programmed to the high-point data (for example, the bandit-J is programmed to the position data:::==data in the 'TM2 device According to the clock cycle, the performance of the large I will be wasted, because the transition between the two points of the production port is 3, and the state is balanced with the state. Conversely, by comparing and comparing Fig. 10 and Fig. u, it can be obtained that the ΤΜ3 device does not have the balance of performance and thermal protection of the 糸 软 software, ΤΜ3 | The performance of the conversion and a large range of work point data provide the necessary thermal protection in situations where the workload is rugged or the ambient gamma is relatively high. With state transition, two

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT’s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 43 200837547

L 'Dan TM2 reaches its maximum operating temperature, it immediately switches to low-performance operating point data' This is unnecessary because the transition to the intermediate state point can effectively lower the operating temperature below the maximum temperature. In contrast, the device is capable of maintaining the operating temperature within a given range by switching only to the intermediate operating point, so that additional performance can be efficiently obtained. Another advantage of ΤΜ3 compared to ΤΜ2 is that it does not need to be in a lower 'serving line for a fixed period of time before switching to a higher working point like the ΤΜ2 device, which will cost some potential Power loss: When the /JQ• degree reaches a lower range, the ΤΜ3 device will switch to a more active operating point. Moreover, the microprocessor 1 包含 2 includes a clock generation circuit called a phase-locked loop structure, which facilitates the realization of the current operating frequency to a new operating frequency without stopping the operation of the microprocessor. Conversion, therefore, can avoid the negative impact on performance due to frequent operating frequency conversion caused by workload and operating environment. Another advantage of TM3 is that it may provide alternative methods for existing thermal devices when there are some undesirable effects. In the second example, when the operating temperature of the microprocessor i H exceeds the set value, the (iv) system will increase the speed of the fan with multiple wind speeds to lower the operating temperature. In general, the adverse effect of fan acceleration is to increase the arpeggio. TM3 also offers a choice to reduce operating temperature without increasing fan noise. In addition, Intel's documentation states that the temperature range is determined by the manufacturer of the TM2. In contrast to this, according to the embodiment of TM3, the temperature range 疋 is selected by the user. Therefore, for example, when it is necessary to reduce the battery temperature to extend the battery life, the heat generated by the microprocessor is required.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 44 200837547 Compared to the car master, at this time, the TM3 embodiment can use the system software to program the microprocessor at a lower level. The temperature range is up to the requirements. Finally, the inventors of the present invention have observed that due to the physical characteristics of the CM〇s semiconductor integrated circuit, there may be some components that cannot operate at the highest operating voltage and the lowest operating frequency on a manufactured component. When switching from a high operating point to a low operating point, the TM2 device first lowers the frequency and then lowers the voltage. Because of the computer mechanism in the TM2 device, lower operating points may be programmed to a minimum frequency, and some broken components may need to be removed from production because they cannot operate properly under the ΤΜ2 device. Therefore, one advantage of ΤΜ3 is that the output will increase because the increase in frequency is segmented, so the microprocessor 1〇2 does not operate at the lowest frequency when operating at the surface voltage. Referring to Fig. 12, this is an image of an embodiment in which the fifth, seventh and ninth diagrams of the present invention are combined. That is to say, Fig. 12 is a combination of the ΤΜ3 technique of Fig. 9, the overload technique of Fig. 7, and the technique for reducing power loss in Fig. 5 to improve the performance of the microprocessor 1 〇 2 while reducing I micro The power loss of state 102 is processed. Furthermore, where possible, in order to improve the performance of the microprocessor 102 during the transition of the operating point, a similar method to that of Figure 2 may be used to perform the conversion between different operating points. In the example of Fig. 12, the operating temperature rises to the most desirable operating temperature mentioned in the 9th and the 丨〇 diagram. Therefore, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 enables the microprocessor to operate at the highest level while maintaining the operating temperature between the highest operating temperature and the lowest operating temperature mentioned in the ΤΜ3 technique in FIGS. 8 and 10. Intermediate working point between the working point and the lowest working point, this work

Client’s Docket No. :CNTR2308I00-TW TT’s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 45 200837547

t point: the highest working performance that can be tolerated in the tit and the ambient temperature. On the eve of this, A has a degree of decline, and the job &gt;1 and _=measurement or jade environment change causes the temperature of the microprocessor circuit to be converted according to the flow of the P diagram _ _ ° 2 to the figure 9 The highest working thunder pressure / the working point of the South China working frequency. After the private operation, the work Ii or the working environment changes to cause the temperature drop diagram and the start-up operating temperature of the first good J mentioned in the figure 8, the voltage and frequency batch circuit a 104 correspondingly according to the flow of FIG. Microprocessor 1 (10) switches to the operating point of the highest overloaded servo voltage / highest overload operating frequency involved in the 7 ® overload technology. After the workload or working environment changes and the temperature drops below the replaceable temperature mentioned in Figures 5 and 6, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 will correspondingly process the microprocessor according to the flow of Figure 5. The operation of the replaceable operating voltage/replaceable operating frequency involved in the 5 ®2 reduced power loss technique. In Fig. 12, (1) indicates that the temperature is between Tmax and Tmin, therefore, it works at the optimum operating point between Tmax and Tmin; (2) indicates that the temperature drops, so the conversion works at Vmax, Fmax; (3) The temperature drops below Τον, so the conversion works at v〇v, F〇v; (4) indicates that the temperature drops to Talt, so the conversion works at Valt, Falt. Except for all the technical features applied to the same embodiment in Fig. 12, all the technical features may not be applied together. For example, in one embodiment, the flow in Figure 5 and the flow in Figure 7 are used together. That is, the microprocessor 102 can work first in super

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT?s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 46 200837547 V, μ load operating point, if the temperature of the replaceable operating temperature is lower than the overload temperature and the operating temperature is up to replace At operating temperature, the operating voltage is reduced from the overload voltage to the operating point voltage of the replaceable operating temperature to provide power loss performance under overload conditions while reducing power loss. In another embodiment, the flow in Figure 7 and the flow in Figure 9 are used together. That is, when the microprocessor 1 工作 2 operates at a selectable temperature range defined by the highest operating temperature and the lowest operating temperature, if the temperature of the replaceable operating temperature is lower than the temperature of the lowest operating temperature and the operating temperature is reached When the operating temperature is replaced, the operating voltage will be reduced from the current voltage to the operating point voltage of the replaceable operating temperature, so that the same performance or near-optimal performance can be achieved under the specified temperature range on the same day when the power loss is reduced. Referring to Fig. 13, this is a flow chart for generating the operating points contained in the microprocessor 102 in the second diagram in accordance with the present invention. The process begins with step 1. At step 1302, the manufacturer selects a microprocessor ι2 to stabilize the maximum operating temperature of operation, such as the highest I operating temperatures mentioned in Figures 5, 7, and 9. The flow proceeds to step 1304. In step 1304, the manufacturer combines the range of the supply voltage output signal 142 of the voltage regulator module 1 〇8 (such as the voltage identification signal 144) and the range of the clock frequency of the phase-locked loop 112 (such as the multiple signal ι46) to test the micro Process 102 is performed at various possible operating points. When operating at the selected operating temperature, the manufacturer will determine if the microprocessor 1〇2 is stable at the operating point and the selected operating temperature. The flow proceeds to step 1306.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 47 200837547 v* r At step 1306, the manufacturer selects a highest frequency multiple signal 146 for each voltage identification signal 144, here At frequency multiples, the microprocessor 102 can operate normally. The manufacturer may use the selected operating point to create a curve for the selected operating temperature. The operating point curve is generally referred to as the "shmoo" curve. Figures 3, 6, 8, 12, and 15 are example diagrams of the operating point curves, in which the curves are straight lines. By judging the operating point data 122, the manufacturer can determine if the microprocessor 102 can be stably operated on the operating point curve or below the curve. In particular, microprocessor 102 can utilize power point data 122 to manage power loss, such as steps 208, 228 in Figure 2 and steps 912 and 926 in Figure 9. In addition, the manufacturer may use the test results in step 1304 to classify the components into different market demand categories. The flow proceeds to step 1308. At step 1308, the manufacturer determines if there is still a working temperature required to test the stability of the operation. If so, the flow proceeds to step 1312, otherwise the flow ends. At step 1312, the manufacturer of microprocessor 102 selects an operating temperature for each of the operating point information that needs to be obtained. In particular, the manufacturer may choose the value of the alternate operating temperature in Figure 5, the value of the overload operating temperature in Figure 7, and the value of the lowest operating temperature in Figure 9. In addition, the manufacturer may select some different operating temperatures for performing steps 1304 through 1306, or may select the values of overload operating temperature, replaceable operating temperature, and minimum operating temperature based on these steps instead of the previous Experience to choose values for overloaded operating temperature, replaceable operating temperature, and minimum operating temperature. The flow returns to step 1304.

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 48 200837547

V

Referring to Figure 14, in accordance with another embodiment, this is a flow diagram of the microprocessor 102 in Figure ii to reduce the operating voltage to save power loss when the operating temperature is below a corresponding low operating temperature threshold. Unlike the Fig. 5 which contains only one alternative operating temperature value, the embodiment of Figure 14 includes a plurality of alternative operating temperature values to reduce power loss over a smaller temperature range. The flow begins in step 1402. At step 1402, the manufacturer tests the minimum voltage V[N] at which the microprocessor 1 可以 2 can operate stably at a given frequency F and the highest operating temperature T[N]', which is the highest operating temperature mentioned herein. In particular, the manufacturer does determine that the microprocessor ι 2 can stabilize the operating voltage to recognize the highest value of the signal 144 at the frequency F and the temperature T[N]. In this embodiment, N is the number of different voltage identification signals i44 at frequency f, such as the number of operating points, at which voltage and control circuitry 104 may cause the microprocessor to mute The operating temperature 134 of 2 is lower than N-1 different values. % 士 &amp; - Each possible multiple of the core clock signal 116 for each of the working machines ... Shadow 3 146 determines a value of V[N]. The flow proceeds to step 1404. At the step just 'the manufacturer tests the minimum voltage v[l] for the stable operation of the F and the alternate operating temperature micro-processing n iomx, where T[l] is smaller than the value of T[N]. The manufacturer determines a value for V[l] for each of the working core clock signals 116. , + The process proceeds to step 1406. At step 1406' the manufacturer selects - one of the values of the N_2 intermediate voltage identification signals M4 between step 1402 and the V_port νπ] amplitude determined just after the step. In one embodiment, the manufacturer calculates the v teacher

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 49 200837547 tt V[l] difference and divide it by Ν·1 to determine between two adjacent intermediate voltage values Pitch. In another embodiment, the values of the intermediate Ν-2 voltage identification signals 144 selected by the manufacturer are even uninterrupted. In other embodiments, all of the values of voltage identification signal 144 between V[N] and V[l] are included. For some F values, the spacing between V[N] and V[l] may not be sufficient to contain the values of N different voltage identification signals 144. In general, the value of N is different for different Fs. The flow proceeds to step 1408. At step 1408, the manufacturer determines the value of the intermediate N-2 alternative temperatures at which the microprocessor can operate stably at frequency F, which is the voltage identification signal 144 determined in step 1406. corresponding. In one embodiment, the manufacturer calculates an interval of adjacent voltages corresponding to the values of T[N] and T[l] 'this interval is between its corresponding γ[Ν] and V[ 1 ] The interval value is proportional. In other embodiments, the temperature interval values are not proportional, according to test experiments. In another embodiment, the manufacturer tests each intermediate replacement temperature value to determine the intermediate replacement voltage, while I is calculated by calculation. The flow proceeds to step 1412. The voltage identification signals 144, referred to as ^(1) and T[i] determined at steps 1402 through 14〇8 at step 1412' and their corresponding temperature values are included in FIG. The work point data 122 is in the list. The work point data 122 contains a table corresponding to one F value of the parent. Here, the index is entered into the table by the index value "i,", where i=N, indicating that the entry of the table is the highest operating temperature and the corresponding V[N] voltage identification signal determined in step 1402. 144; when i=l, indicating that the entry of the form is in step 14〇4

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT,s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 50 200837547 ▲ Determined value; when i is between i and N, the entry of the table is indicated in step 1406 and The intermediate value V[i]/T[i] determined by 14〇8. The flow proceeds to step 1414. At v1414, when microprocessor 1〇2 is restarted, the index value is initialized to N, so voltage and frequency control circuit 104 can cause microprocessing to operate at 102 at V[N] voltage. The flow proceeds to step 1416. At step 1416, when operating at frequency F and voltage 乂(1), micro-processing 102 monitors the current operating temperature 134, and v(1) is after voltage identification control circuit 126 outputs a voltage identification signal 144, in FIG. The voltage regulator output signal 142 is output from the table of the operating point data 122 by the index value initialized at step 1414. The flow proceeds to step 1418. At step 1418, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines if the index value is equal to one. If it is equal to 1, the flow proceeds to step 1426, otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 1422. At step 1422, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1-4 determines whether the current temperature V 134 is smaller than the value of the operating temperature Τ|&gt;1] from which the index value is selected from the table of the work point data 122. If the current temperature 134 is not smaller than the value, the flow proceeds to step 1426; otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 1424. At step 1424, the voltage and frequency control circuit outputs the value of the voltage identification signal 144 of the voltage regulator module 1 挑选 8 selected from the table of operating point data 122 after the index value i is decremented by one to reduce the power supply voltage output signal. 142 to V[i-1]. At the same time, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 reduces the index value by 丄. The flow returns to step 1416.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 51 200837547 - At step 1426, the voltage and frequency control circuit determines if the index value is equal to N. If so, the flow returns to step 1416; otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 1428. At step 1428, the voltage and frequency control circuit determines whether the current temperature 134 is greater than the value of the operating temperature T[i+i] selected from the table of the operating point data 122 after the index value is incremented by one. If the current temperature 134 is not greater than the value of T[i+1], the flow returns to step 1416; otherwise, the flow proceeds to step 1432. In step 1432, the voltage and frequency control circuit outputs the index value plus i from the operating point data 122. The value of the voltage identification signal 144 of the voltage regulator module 108 in the first picture selected in the table is increased to increase the operating voltage supply voltage output signal 142 to V[i+1]. At the same time, the voltage and frequency control circuit increments the index value i by one. The flow returns to step 1416. Referring to Fig. 15, this is an image in which the microprocessor 1〇2 operates according to the embodiment in Fig. 14. The derivative of the horizontal axis in the figure is the power supply voltage output signal 142 in volts. The argument on the vertical axis is the working core clock signal 116 in GHz. In the embodiment of Fig. 6, the bus clock frequency is 200 MHz, and the bus multiplier range is from 2 times to 1 倍, which makes the corresponding core clock frequency range from 400 MHz to 2.0 GHz. In Fig. 15, there is only the data value at 2.0 GHz. In Figure 15, there are five possible operating point values, namely τ[1 BU 60QC, T[2]=70°C:, T[3]—80 C, T[4]=90 C and T[5 ]=l 00 C ' and their corresponding five operating voltage values V[1]=0.972V, V[2]=1.004V, V[3]=1.036V, V[4]=l.〇68V and V[5]=ll〇V. There are two voltage and frequency curves in the picture.

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 52 200837547 V ^ line, one corresponding to the highest operating temperature and the other corresponding to the lowest operating temperature. In the embodiment of Fig. 15, when operating at 2 GHz, 1 · IV, if the voltage and frequency control circuit determines that the operating temperature 134 is lower than 90 ° C, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1 〇 4 outputs the power supply voltage. The signal 142 has a value of V1.1V reduced to ι·〇68ν; if the operating temperature 134 is lower than 80°C, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 reduces the value of the supply voltage output signal 142 to 1.036V; if the operating temperature 134 is low At 7〇〇c, the voltage and frequency rate control circuit 104 reduces the value of the power supply voltage output signal 142 to 1.004V. If the operating temperature 134 is lower than 6〇°c, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 outputs the power supply voltage. The value of signal 142 is reduced to 〇·972ν. Conversely, when operating at 2.0 GHz, 0.972 V, if the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 determines that the operating temperature 134 is higher than 7 (rc, the voltage and frequency control circuit 104 raises the value of the power supply voltage output signal 142 to 1 〇. 〇4v; if the operating temperature 134 is higher than 80 °C, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 raises the value of the power supply voltage output signal 142 to 1〇36v; if the operating temperature 134 is still at 90°C, the voltage And the frequency control circuit 1〇4 boosts the value of the power supply voltage output “No. 142 to ι·〇68ν; if the operating temperature 134 is higher than 1〇〇C, the voltage and frequency control circuit 1〇4 outputs the power supply voltage signal 142. The value is raised to 1.10 V. As shown in Fig. 15, the microprocessor 102 operating according to the embodiment of Fig. 14 has advantages similar to those of the embodiment of Fig. 5. In addition, the embodiment of Fig. 14 Compared with the embodiment of FIG. 5, when the operating temperature 134 is lower than the value of T[i], particularly the value that cannot be achieved by the alternative operating temperature in FIG. 5, this embodiment can be provided by Conversion to the lower power supply voltage output signal 142 in a small range

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 53 200837547 Additional power consumption. Furthermore, the design of the dual phase-locked loop 112 of the microprocessor 102 is such that the embodiment of Figure 14 does not have excess performance overhead when switching between relatively frequent operating points because during the conversion, the core logic circuit The working core clock signal 116 of 106 does not need to be stopped. Although the invention and its objects, features and advantages have been described in detail, the invention is not limited to the embodiments. For example, these embodiments are illustrated from different operating frequencies, voltages, and operating temperatures. Other embodiments may use a number of different values. Although there are many embodiments in the present invention, they are only some examples of the method of the present invention and are not limited. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, in addition to hardware implementation, such as in the cpu &amp; connection with the CPU 'microprocessor' microcontroller, digital signal processor, core processor, single-chip (SOC) system or other equipment, can also be used Software implementations, such as computer readable programs, programmable code, or any form of instructions such as source, object, or machine language, such as available (eg, readable) media stored in software. Such software can be applied, for example, to functions, constructions, models, analogies, descriptions, or tests of devices or methods. For example, this method can be implemented by a general programming language such as C, C++, Hard Description Language (HDL) including Veril〇g HDL, VHDL, etc., or other programmable programs. Such software can be configured with any known computer usable medium such as a semiconductor, a magnetic sheet, or a compact disc such as a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM. These softwares can also be configured as computer data signals on computer removable media, such as carrier waves or other

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 54 200837547 Λ' medium, including digital, optical and analog media. Embodiments of the present invention include a method of providing a microprocessor that programs the design of the microprocessor through software and then transmits the software as a computer signal for transmission over the network. The devices and methods here may include intellectual property, such as hardware transformations of core microprocessors and integrated circuits. Additionally, the apparatus and method of the present invention can be implemented by combining a soft body and a hard body. While the invention has been described above by way of a preferred embodiment, the invention is not intended to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a computer system module including a microprocessor according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a method for optimizing the performance of the microprocessor 102 of FIG. 1 according to the present invention, from the present P state is a working point, a flow chart for switching to a new P state or working point; FIG. 3 is a P state transition of the microprocessor 102 of FIG. 1 according to the embodiment of FIG. 2 according to the present invention. Figure 4 is an image of the microprocessor when the P state is switched under the conventional method; Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the operating temperature of the microprocessor 102 being lower than a certain temperature amplitude according to the present invention, in order to Save power loss, microprocessing in Figure 1

Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 55 200837547 • Flow chart when ι〇2 reduces operating voltage; Figure 6 is microprocessor 102 in Figure 1. An image that operates according to the embodiment of FIG. 5; FIG. 7 illustrates an increase in the microprocessor 102 of FIG. 1 when the operating temperature of the microprocessor 102 is below a certain magnitude in accordance with the present invention. The performance of the second flow according to the ninth figure in Fig. 7 is a kind of invention which can make the microprocessor in Fig. 1 move at a higher temperature or the highest performance. The method, the tenth, is an image in which the microprocessor 102 in FIG. 1 operates in an optimized performance and a specific temperature range according to the embodiment in FIG. 9; FIG. 11 is a TM2 thermal monitoring and automatic An operational image of the thermal protection device; FIG. 12 is an image of an embodiment in which the fifth, seventh and ninth embodiments of the present invention are combined; and FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the microprocessor of the first embodiment according to the present invention Flowchart of a work point included in 1〇2; Figure 14 is a micro-section in the i-th image according to another embodiment FIG. 15 is a flow chart of reducing the operating voltage in order to save power loss when the operating temperature is lower than the corresponding low operating temperature threshold; FIG. 15 is the microprocessor 1 in FIG. 1 according to the embodiment in FIG. And the image is running.

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 56 200837547 ' [Main component symbol description] 100 Computer system 102 Microprocessor 104 Voltage and frequency control circuit 106 Core logic circuit 108 Voltage regulation Module 112A, 112B: phase-locked loop 114 selector 116 core clock signal 118 phase-locked loop selection signal 122 operating point data 124 bias setting value 126 voltage identification control circuit 128 frequency multiplication control circuit 132 temperature sensor 134 operation Temperature 136 Predetermined voltage identification signal 138 Predetermined multiplication signal 142 Power supply voltage output signal 144 Voltage identification signal 146A: Multiple signal 146B: Multiple signal 148: Bus clock signal 152A: Clock signal

Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT5s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 57 200837547 152B: Clock signal 154A: Frequency lock signal of multiple control circuit 154B: Frequency lock signal of multiple control circuit 156: Voltage regulation Voltage lock signal 158 of the module: programmable register 162. Temperature range 1312, 202~242, 502~524, 704~726, 902~928, 1302 1402~1432: steps. r'

Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT, s Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 58

Claims (1)

200837547 k Thai - X. Patent application scope: A microprocessor that dynamically changes power loss according to changes in operating temperature, including: a core logic circuit that operates according to a working core clock to execute program instructions; And a clock generation circuit for generating the working core clock for providing to the core logic circuit; and f a control circuit for receiving the temperature transmitted by the temperature sensor Monitoring the operating temperature of the core logic circuit, and including a plurality of first operating points at which the microprocessor can stably operate at a first temperature, each of the first operating points having its respective corresponding operating voltage and operating frequency; The control circuit causes the core logic circuit to switch between the first operating points. 2. The microprocessor for dynamically changing the power loss according to the change of the operating temperature as described in claim 1, wherein the control circuit further comprises a microprocessor capable of stably operating at a second temperature. a second operating point, one of the first operating points having a first voltage and a first frequency, such that the microprocessor can operate stably at the first voltage, the first frequency, and the first temperature; The second operating point has a second voltage and the first frequency, such that the microprocessor can stably operate at the second voltage, the first frequency, and the second temperature, and the second temperature is lower than the second a first temperature, the second voltage being less than the first voltage; wherein, if the microprocessor is operating at the first voltage and the first frequency, and the core logic circuit is Clienfs Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT, s Docket No:0608-A41635_TW/Final /Joanne 59 200837547 The operating temperature is lower than the second huss n± work in the second I, the job (four) circuit makes the reliance processor 3. as claimed in the patent _ the second item to dynamically change the power loss of the external ♦ Wherein the control circuit further comprises (4) the center can be stabilized at - the third temperature - the third operating point, the second operating point has - the third voltage and the first frequency, so that the micro; The device may be called the third red m (4) to work stably at the third temperature 'and the third temperature is lower than the second temperature, the third voltage is also lower than the first voltage', if the micro When the processor item is at the first frequency and the first voltage, and the guard temperature is lower than the third temperature, the control circuit causes the micro-processing m to be at the first frequency and the third voltage. A microprocessor for tampering with a power loss according to a change in operating temperature according to the scope of the patent scope, wherein the control circuit further comprises a second operation in which the trial processor can stably operate at a second temperature Point, and one of the first working points has a first voltage and a first a frequency that enables the microprocessor to operate stably at the first voltage, the first frequency, and the first temperature; the second operating point having a second voltage and the first frequency to enable the microprocessor to Working stably at the second operating point and the second temperature, and the second temperature is lower than the first temperature, the second voltage being less than the first voltage; wherein if the microprocessor is operating in the second Under the operating point, and the operating temperature of the core logic circuit is higher than the first temperature, the control circuit causes the microprocessor to operate at the first voltage and the first frequency. Client's Docket No. :CNTR2308I00-TW TT?s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 60 200837547 l·' r 5· Dynamically change power according to changes in operating temperature as described in claim 1 a lossy microprocessor, wherein the first operating point includes a highest operating point, the highest operating point has a first voltage and a first frequency; and the control circuit further comprises the microprocessor being stable a second operating point of the second temperature, the second operating point having a second voltage and a second frequency, the second frequency being higher than the first frequency, the second temperature being lower than the first temperature; The control circuit causes the microprocessor to operate at the second operating point if the microprocessor is operating at the southernmost operating point and the operating temperature of the core logic circuit is below the second temperature. 6) A microprocessor for dynamically changing power loss according to a change in operating temperature as described in claim 5, wherein the control circuit further comprises a third portion of the third temperature that the microprocessor can stably operate a working point, the third operating point having a third voltage and the second frequency, the third temperature being lower than the second temperature, the third voltage being less than the second voltage; wherein, if the microprocessor is operating in the When the second working point is working and the operating temperature of the core logic circuit is lower than the third temperature, the control circuit causes the t microprocessor to operate under the third operating point. 7. The microprocessor for dynamically changing power loss according to a change in operating temperature as recited in claim 1, wherein the first operating point comprises a highest operating point and a lowest operating point and at least one intermediate operation Point, the highest operating point has a first voltage and a first frequency, the lowest operating point has a second voltage and a second frequency; the control circuit calculates an intermediate operating point according to the values of the first voltage and the second voltage The third voltage. 8. Change in operating temperature as described in item 1 of the patent application. Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 61 200837547 == Rate Loss Microprocessor' In addition, the temporary storage device, the temporary storage device can be used as a microprocessor according to the first item, and the change according to the working temperature includes a microprocessor that exchanges the J rate, wherein the clock generates two locks of the circuit package. The phase loop, benefit, and mother phase-locked loop/knife generate a clock signal with a working core clock frequency in a plurality of possible working core clock safety rates, and ^ "W Hai selection circuit is used Select the clock of one phase-locked loop in the two phase-locked loops _ % ^ ^Α Hr . The pulse is used as the working core clock of the core logic circuit. When the line is = back-converted, the control circuit is controlled - not transported. The loop is latched in the new; rate of the clock signal, #不动锁锁 phase loop k for its clock signal as the core logic circuit of the μ core pulse 0 1〇1 as the towel phase _ the first item Change of working temperature = sorrowful change #Power loss is weak, its In the case where the (4) circuit does not stop the operation of the microprocessor H, (4) the clock generation circuit completes the transition from the core clock of the core clock-generating-second frequency generating a first solution. 11 · A method for dynamically changing the power loss of a microprocessor based on changes in operating temperature, including: Client's Docket No. : CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 62 200837547 Select a first temperature a plurality of first operating points are determined according to the first temperature value, each of the first working points has its own corresponding working voltage and operating frequency; monitoring an operating temperature of the microprocessor during operation; and controlling the micro processing The switching operation between the first operating points is such that the operating temperature of the monitored microprocessor during operation can be maintained within a first temperature value. 12. The basis of claim 11 A method of dynamically changing a power loss of a microprocessor, wherein the first operating point includes a highest operating point, and the highest operating point has a first working point a voltage and a first operating frequency; and the method further includes: selecting a second temperature value, the second temperature value being lower than the first temperature value; determining a second operating point according to the second temperature value, the The second working point has a second operating voltage and a second operating frequency, the second operating frequency being higher than the first operating frequency; and determining whether the microprocessor is operating at the highest operating point and being monitored; Whether the operating temperature of the device is lower than the second temperature value, and if so, controlling the microprocessor to operate at the second operating point. 13. The method of dynamically changing a power loss of a microprocessor according to a change in operating temperature according to claim 11 of the patent application, wherein one of the first operating points has a first operating voltage and a first operating frequency; The method further includes: selecting a second temperature value, the second temperature value being lower than the first temperature value; determining a second operating point according to the second temperature value, the second working point Client?s Docket No. :CNTR2308I00-TW TT,s Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 63 200837547 2\ has a second operating voltage and the first operating frequency, the second voltage is less than the first voltage; and determining whether The microprocessor operates at the first voltage and the first frequency and the monitored operating temperature of the microprocessor is lower than the second temperature value, and if so, controls the microprocessor to operate in the second Work point. 14. The method of dynamically changing a microprocessor power loss according to a change in operating temperature as described in claim 13 of the patent application, further comprising: determining whether the microprocessor is operating at the second operating point and being monitored a processor (whether the operating temperature during operation is higher than the second temperature value, and if so, controlling the microprocessor to operate at the first operating frequency and the first operating voltage. 15) as described in claim 11 The method for dynamically changing the power loss of the microprocessor according to the change of the working temperature, wherein the first working point includes a highest working point, a lowest working point and at least one intermediate working point; and the method further comprises: The dare work point and the minimum operating point to calculate the intermediate work I 16 · The method of dynamically changing the power loss of the microprocessor according to the change of the working temperature as described in claim 11 of the patent application, wherein the controlling the micro processing The step of converting the work between the first working points includes: receiving a request signal, the request signal having a predetermined frequency; receiving the request After the signal, a new frequency of the working core clock is generated, the new frequency is closer to the predetermined frequency than the current frequency; and a new frequency is continuously generated until the new frequency reaches the predetermined frequency. According to the operating temperature change of the 16th item, Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT^ Docket No: 0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 64 200837547 A method for dynamically changing the power loss of the microprocessor, wherein the request signal There is also a predetermined voltage value, and the step of controlling the microprocessor to switch between the first operating points also includes: continuously generating a new voltage, and immediately drawing a new voltage to reach the predetermined voltage value. 18. The method of dynamically changing a microprocessor power loss according to a change in operating temperature as described in claim 16 wherein the step of generating a new frequency of the working core clock comprises: enabling two phase locked loops The non-operating phase-locked loop generates a new frequency; and, the non-operating phase-locked loop in the two phase-locked loops is selected as the work of the microprocessor Heart clock, in which the production two = number is executed without stopping the operation of the microprocessor. 19 = According to the scope of patents, the temperature according to the temperature of the operating system is changed. The method of claim, wherein the step of determining the first operating point according to the temperature value of the brother comprises: selecting an operating voltage and an operating frequency; maintaining the microprocessor operating at the working voltage, the first temperature value And the operating frequency and the determination to maintain the microprocessor operating stably at the operating voltage, the operating frequency and the first temperature value. 20. The panel according to the U. The method of dynamically changing the power loss of the microprocessor, wherein the step of converting the microprocessor to the first working point includes: Μ Client's Docket No.: CNTR2308I00-TW TT's Docket No: 0608- A41635-TW/Final /Joanne 65 200837547 ^ \ Judge whether the operating temperature of the microprocessor being monitored is higher than the first temperature value; if the monitored microprocessor is running When the temperature is higher than the first temperature value, the following steps are performed: determining whether the microprocessor can work stably at the current operating frequency and the reduced operating voltage; if the microprocessor cannot be at the current operating frequency and after the lowering The operating frequency of the microprocessor is reduced when the operating voltage is stable, and the operating voltage of the microprocessor is lowered if the microprocessor can operate stably at the current operating frequency and the reduced operating voltage. Client’s Docket No.: CNTR2308I00_TW TT^ Docket No:0608-A41635-TW/Final /Joanne