SU1630881A1 - Method for producing blanks from logs - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to the lumber industry. The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of preforms of a given size and reduce labor intensity. The method for producing log blanks is as follows. Logs are cut into unedged boards, which are cut to the maximum size in width. Then form the transport and drying bags. After drying, the sawn timber is transversely cut. For pieces of sawn timber, the multiplicity coefficients are determined using the formula derived from the condition of maximum yield of sawn timber. By an integer multiplicity factor, an optimal scheme of a longitudinal cutting of a piece of lumber is determined. Sorting is performed by basing the length of sawn timber relative to the base selected in the optimal cutting pattern, where the multiplicity factor is an integer. 3 il. S (l

Description

This invention relates to the lumber industry and, in particular, to the production of wood blanks.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a method for producing logs from logs, FIG. 3 - the principle of choosing the optimal scheme of longitudinal cutting, sorting pieces of lumber and their subsequent basement.

The method is carried out as follows.

Suppose you need to get the workpiece thickness mm, two sizes in width mm; 1) 50 mm and a length of 5 m. For this, there are saw logs with a length of 5.25 m and dimensions of top and butt diameters. CM, d (, i 18 cm. Logs 1 and 2 (Fig 1) are sequentially cut out on

unedged boards 3 and 4 (thickness h 50 mm) on any log equipment (for example, on the basis of sawmill frames of type 2P). As a result of the longitudinal cutting of logs 1 and 2, unedged lumber 3 is obtained, the size of the outer plate width of the top end of which is H6 mm and unedged lumber 4, where lk2 is 138 mm. For the sake of the implementation of the inventive method, sawn timber of two different sizes is considered. In width. On the basis of statistical data of sawing and woodworking enterprises, it is known that the dimensions across the width of the outer weave of unedged boards vary mainly from 85 to 250 mm. If the outer face of an unedged board is a full parabola or a truncated parabola (with a non-edged board width of less than 100mm),

about so about oo ao

The board is otsetsovyvatsya to the standard size in width, taking into account the standard size in length. In the standard ST SEV 1264-78, the following lumber sizes in width are set: 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 mm.

In the proposed method, the principle of determining the optimal size of the width of a cut board, obtained from unedged, is as follows. Unedged sawn timber is cut to the maximum size in width, taking into account the width of the produced blanks and the width of the longitudinal cuts (depending on the width of the cutting tool). Thus, for workpieces 40 and 50 mm wide and the outer layer width from 85 to 250 mm with a longitudinal cut width of 5 mm, the next series of nominal dimensions of the width of cut timber produced from unedged ones are set by brute force: 85, 95, I05, 130 , 140, 150, 160, 175, 195, 205, 215, 220 and 230 mm.

In order to get from lumber 3 and 4 the maximum output of blanks of a given width bj-40 mm and mm, taking into account the width of the longitudinal cut t (say mm), cut board 3 to a nominal width equal to 105 mm and board 4 to a nominal width equal to b " 130 mm and receive edged sawn timber 5 and 6. Pruning of unedged sawn timber. They are carried out on any trimming machine (for example, a C2D-7 machine). Next, cut timber 5 and 6 are placed in the transport package 7, and then in the drying package 8. The laying is done without sorting by sections. The laying can be done either manually or using any package forming machine (for example, PFM-10 brand). After drying lumber, which is produced in wood-drying chambers (for example, SP-5 KM continuous drying chambers), dry edged sawn timber 9 and 10 (Fig. 2) are equal, respectively, 105 mm and mm, successively cut into pieces of sawn timber. 11 -14 the size of a length equal to mm. Transverse cutting of sawn timber 9 and 10 is performed on any machine for transverse cutting (for example, grade CPA-40). Sorting is performed after transverse cutting. For pieces of sawn timber 11-14, the K / multiplicity coefficients for billets 40 mm and mm wide are taken, taking the width of the transverse cut mm by the formula derived from the maximum output condition of the sawn timber,

K 7

  (b, i + t)

in which we substitute the corresponding numerical values of the parameters bo, bj; t

0

five

50

and n ", with mm; mm; mm; we get

 005 + 5) 2 2 (40 + 5)

with MM; b.50 MM; mm; we get

 C05 + 5) 2 2 2 (50 + 5):

Prio Y5 mm; MM; ni l; b | 2 40 mm; mm we get

K - il25 ± 5) ll ± l) 9 9 Lz 1 (50 + 5) + 1 (40 + 5)

An optimal scheme is established for a longitudinal cutting of a piece of lumber 11 for which the multiplicity factor is an integer. In this example, choose the scheme of longitudinal cutting, where. Next, the lumber segment 11 is sorted, i.e., the optimum longitudinal cutting scheme for segment 11 is determined, which in the example under consideration is the scheme 15 governing the installation of circular saws for longitudinal cutting apart from each other equal to the width of the workpiece mm 16 optimal longitudinal cutting schemes.

Sorting of the segment 11 is performed with its subsequent basing by combining the edge of the segment 17 with the base 16 of the longitudinal cutting and longitudinal cutting is carried out into blanks 18 and 19, the dimensions of which are equal: mm; bj.50 mm; $ 1. 2500 mm. The length of lumber 12 is equal to the length of segment 11, therefore, it is sorted, based and cut out as a segment of lumber 11.

Next, measure the width of a piece of sawn timber 13 equal to mm, and calculate K / dl for workpieces of width bj, 40 mm and mm, taking the width of the transverse cut mm, according to the formula

k, - (b ,, + t)

we substitute the corresponding values of the parameters bo, bSi, t to n ,; at .30 mm; bj, 40 mm; mm; we get

 TsZO + 5) 1 3 (40 + 5)

at mm; bj, 50 mm; mm; P2 2 we get

 (130 + 5) 2 2 - 2 (50 + 5) DB

at mm; bj, 40 mm; bjt 50 mm; mm we get

 030 + 5)) 97 3 1 (40 + 5) + 1 (50 + 5)

An optimal scheme is established for the longitudinal cutting of a piece of lumber 13 for which the multiplicity factor is an integer. In this example, a longitudinal cutting pattern is chosen, where, i.e., a longitudinal cutting pattern is defined, which is the pattern 20, which regulates the installation of round-saw blades for longitudinal cutting a distance from each other equal to the width of the billet mm 21 longitudinal cutting. The use of an alternative base for longitudinal cutting allows sorting of sawn pieces and their subsequent basing during longitudinal cutting.

Sorting the cut lumber 13 is performed followed by basing it by aligning the edge 22 of the cut lumber 13 with the base 21 of the longitudinal cutting and performing the longitudinal cutting of the piece of lumber 13 into blanks 23-25, the dimensions of which are equal: thickness - hj. 50 mm, width - L, .40 mm; length - mm.

Similarly cut out a piece of lumber 14, as it is equal in size to the piece of lumber 13.

The blanks 18 and 19 are placed in the package 26, and the blanks 23-25 are placed in the package 27.

The principle of choosing the optimal scheme of longitudinal cutting and sorting with subsequent basing of sawn pieces is shown schematically in FIG. 3. It is as follows. To produce blanks 40 and 50 mm wide from lumber of the following sizes in width: 85, 95, 105, 130, 140, 150, 160, 175, 185, 205, 215, 220 and 230 mm, the following parameters of optimal cutting patterns ( Fig. 3): Scheme I — the width of a piece of lumber for which the scheme is optimal is mm, the width of the workpiece is mm, the number of logs is.

The parameters of the optimal schemes for the considered example are given in the table.

The developed optimal schemes I-XIII (Fig. 3) regulate the position of cutting tools (for example, circular saws) for longitudinal cutting of pieces of lumber relative to optimal cutting schemes. FIG. Figure 3 shows the directions of the bases for the optimal longitudinal cuts. Ah; by; cz; df, which coincide with technology bases 16, 28, 29, and 21, respectively (Fig. 2). The process of sorting or aligning the edges of the sawn pieces with the bases of the cut is structurally represented by arrows in FIG. 3. For example, a piece of lumber 215 mm wide is cut out according to the optimal scheme XI,

however, the direction of the base of the optimal scheme - cz (Fig. 3) coincides with the technological base 21 of the cutting (Fig. 2).

Using the proposed method for producing log blanks provides the following advantages over existing methods:

The production of blanks from unedged sawn timber, which are cut to width in size depending on the width of the blanks, taking into account the dimensions of the width of the longitudinal cuts, allows to increase the yield of blanks by 4-6% compared to traditional methods of log logging.

Packing lumber of different widths in one package reduces the cost of producing 1 m3 of billets by 0.5 rubles and thereby reducing the labor costs of sorting lumber and increasing the productivity of the process.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula The method for producing log blanks, including longitudinal cutting of logs, pruning of unedged lumber to the maximum width, taking into account shrinkage, sorting, packaging into transport and drying packages, drying lumber, transverse and longitudinal cutting into billets of specified sizes with a corresponding base relative to the base, different the fact that, in order to increase the yield of blanks of a given size and reduce labor intensity, trimming of unedged lumber is carried out to the size, width of multiple width of the workpieces, taking into account the longitudinal cuts, the multiplicity factor of which is an integer and is determined by the formula to lfc  Jn, (b} H-t) where K / is the multiplicity factor of the width  cut lumber width produced blanks j  l ... h; h is the number of possible cutting schemes for cutting the sawn timber to the width; bo is the width of a piece of lumber, mm; t is the width of the longitudinal cut, mm; p, - the number of i-x blanks from one cut lumber; L ,, - the width of the i-th blank, ... q ,; fr - the number of sizes of blanks of different widths, and the sorting is carried out in sawn pieces after a transverse cutting operation by basing the sawn pieces relative to the bases selected according to the longitudinal cut patterns for which the multiplicity factor is an integer. I I 85 95 105 130 140 150 160 175 175 185 205 215 220 230 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 2 3 13 four eight 3 3 1 ;; P 9 22 73 W Yu  .ft FIG. one