SU160236A1 - RADIATION-CHEMICAL INSTALLATION: .- •? 'o; ^' - "(G * 3a! .. ъ <\ .b-i '^ vtbАд - Google Patents

Description

A well-known design of a universal canyon for high-power sources of gamma-radiation, involving the use of heat-generating elements as radiation sources. The objects are irradiated in the working chamber by lifting the fuel cell from the storage.

The described apparatus differs from the known ones in that it uses a cassette storage unit, located at the bottom of the well and which is a container in the form of a cut ring with sockets for ampoules with radiation sources. This capacity is divided by cadmium septa that absorb neutrons and prevent their multiplication and the occurrence of a chain reaction. In addition, the installation applied externally dry loading and unloading of radiation sources. To do this, the loading area is equipped with a monorail trolley for removing the container from the car and the swivel frame of the receiving unit. The frame is lowered with the help of a trolley so that the axis of the container is aligned with the axis of the inclined loading channel, after which the gate of the loading channel is opened and the container stopper is lowered and the ampoule is lowered into the well, where it is installed into the slot of the storage cassette using a gripping device.

The facility is a two-story, separate building with a set of main and auxiliary premises that correspond to the specifics of working with radioactive materials.

FIG. 1 shows the layout of the premises and equipment of the installation; in fig. 2 shows a section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a section along BB in FIG. one.

In the center of the building there is a working chamber / - a room with two-meter protective reinforced concrete walls lined with stainless steel, in which the objects to be examined are irradiated. The walls are designed for protection against gamma radiation with activity up to 1 IQe for the same sake. Two wells are made in the chamber: the main 2 and the reserve 5.

Radiation sources are stored in a main well 6.5 m deep under a layer of water. A backup well serves for emergency storage of radiation sources. The main driver 2 is connected to the receiving node by a sloping pipe 4 for loading the storage with sources. At the bottom of the well, a cassette 5 is installed, which is a cut-off ring, and the first 80 sockets for ampoules with radiation sources. Kasbet is divided into sections of cadmium partitions-and, absorb neutrons and prevent the occurrence of a chain reaction. Sources are rearranged in a cassette or installed when recruiting an irradiator, either with a crane beam, or manually using gripping devices. Inside the well, along the guides, the carriage 6 of the mechanism for raising and lowering both the radiation sources and the irradiated objects is moving. The carriage movement is carried out remotely by electric winch.

A stainless steel tank filled with distilled water is placed in the well. To remove radioactive contamination, water is passed through ion exchange filters 7 using a centrifugal-vortex pump 8. Filters are placed in special wells-burial grounds and can be easily dropped to the bottom and replaced with new ones.

The process piping and tank system allows pumping water from the well to the reserve tank 9, as well as quickly removing water from the well to the sewage system and replacing it with fresh distillate from the reserve tank.

The working chamber is equipped with an electric crane for carrying out all kinds of mounting work. In the ceiling of the chamber there is a large hatch for mounting large-sized equipment. For installation of the irradiated object above the main well there is a rotary ball. Superheated steam, compressed air, hot and cold water can be easily supplied to the chamber. The labyrinth corridor 10 serves as an entrance to the chamber. The labyrinth door is locked by an internal lock, as well as by an electromagnetic latch interlocked with dosimetric dose level devices, water level indicators in the well and with vacuum fans in the chamber. All this makes it impossible to enter the chamber if there is radiation danger in it.

All control of the installation mechanisms is carried out remotely from the operator's room. From the operator's room, it is possible to visually observe the processes in the working chamber through the protective window 12. For carrying out various works in the chamber during irradiation, as well as in case of emergency situations, there is a manipulator 13 of the type M22-H.

The fuel rods are loaded into the well of the working chamber 1IZ of loading room 14. They are delivered by a specially equipped vehicle

in a protective lead container 16. The loading room is equipped with a monorail trolley with a lifting capacity of 10 tons.

The radiation source container is first placed above the wash tank on the loading platform for draining and flushing water. Then the coiteiner is relocated to the rotary frame of the receiving unit 16. The trolley raises the container so that its axis coincides with the axis of the loading channel of the well. After the container is installed, the canal gate is opened, the container stopper and the ampoule with the fuel rod on the cable are lowered down the canal into the well. After that, the cable is uncoupled, and the ampoule is placed in the slot of the storage cassette with special grippers. The cable is removed back into the container, the container stopper and the channel flap are closed. The container can then be detached from the swing frame.

In accordance with the specifics of the installation, a strict dosimetric control is provided, the specific orientation of the personnel is determined. The entrance to the building is possible only through a forced sanitary inspection room 17. The second floor of the building is reserved for laboratories 18, exhaust 19 and air supply 20 ventilation chambers 19; switchboard, battery - and other rooms. In the building of the installation, forced-air ventilation with suction of air from the hazardous zone and inflow from the clean air is provided. The air emitted into the atmosphere is cleaned in the filters of Petr Nova 21. There are also installation hall 22, sanslui 23, dosimetric 24.

In accordance with the irradiation conditions and the shape of the irradiated object, a replaceable cartridge-irradiator is mounted on the lifting mechanism carriage. The cassette is lowered to the bottom of the well. Using pick-up devices, radiation sources are transferred from the cassette storage to the feed cassette. Above the well mount the irradiated object. After the attendants leave the working chamber, the carriage with the irradiator is lifted from the well to the working position.

The feed cassette may be in the form of concentric circles, parallel planes, etc. A different number of radiation sources may be accumulated in the cassette to create the desired radiation intensity.

The irradiator may have a diameter of 900 mm, a height of 2500 mm. It is possible to store at the same time s / 4 total number of stored sources in the feed

Irradiation can be carried out directly in the store under water. For this, the irradiated object is mounted on the carriage and laid down on the bottom of the well. With this irradiator

serves as the cassette storage. Irradiation can be carried out in a storage facility without water if the object being irradiated cannot be dipped into water. To do this, the object is mounted on the carriage and lowered into the well, from which water is preliminarily pumped out into the reserve tank.

Subject invention

1. A radiation-chemical installation designed for large-scale radiation research, containing a working chamber in which various objects are irradiated, a well for storing radiation sources, an operator chamber from which remote control of all processes occurring in the working chamber , equipment for water purification from radioactive contaminants, characterized in that, in order to use as sources of radiation, not only all radioactive isotopes, but Many fuel elements

reactors, used cassette storage, located in the well and representing., o.1, fight capacity in the form of a cut ring with. nests for ampoules with radiation sources, separated by cadmium septa that absorb neutrons and prevent their multiplication and the occurrence of a chain reaction.

2. The device according to l. 1, characterized in that, in order to provide external loading and unloading of radiation sources without bringing the container into the working chamber and without lowering it under water, the loading area is equipped with a monorail trolley for removing the container from the vehicle that swivels the receiving unit using the trolley, it lowers so that the axis of the container is aligned with the axis of the inclined loading channel, after which the gate of the loading channel and the container are opened, and the ampoule is lowered into the well, where using a pick-up device is inserted into the slot of the storage cassette.