SU1229733A1 - Versions of device for monitoring drain of oil-contained water from tanker - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection, and more specifically to the problems of preventing the pollution of sea by oil from tankers and oil tankers equivalent to them in the process of transporting oil. The aim of the invention is to increase the accuracy of the device by compensating for the response time of the device. The purpose of the shadow image in accordance with the first version is to get a tem, / that a device containing a sampler located on the discharge pipe, a sampling pipe, with a sampling valve and a pump located on it, an oil-water concentration sensor installed at the output of the sampling pipeline , the unit of control of the limit values of the oil content and the control unit of the sampling valve and the drain valves located on the drain pipe introduced the first threshold unit, integrator, memory block, su mmator, divider, quad, first multiplication unit, maximum selection unit, setting unit, second multiplication unit, subtraction unit, and second threshold unit. In the second embodiment, the goal is achieved by introducing a first threshold unit, an integrator, a first memory block, a first adder, a divider, a quad, a first multiplication unit, a second adder, a maximum selection unit, a setting unit, a second multiplication unit, the first subtraction unit, a filter, a second subtractor, a second threshold block, a second memory block, a third subtractor block, and a third threshold block. 2 sp.f-ly, 4 Il. with S W N3 ГЧЭ СО со со со

Description

The invention relates to the protection of the environment, and more specifically to the problem of preventing the pollution of the sea by oil from tankers and oil tankers equivalent to them during the transportation of oil.

Oil-loading and liquid-borne vessels with the aim of reducing the pollution of the sea with oil contained in the discharged ballast and wash water are equipped with automatic control systems for the discharge of such water. Drainage of oil-containing ballistic and flushing water should automatically stop as soon as the controlled oil content parameters, calculated taking into account the concentration of oil in the drained water, exceed the limits set by the EA, and the oil content of 1% EW water is directed to the slop tanks.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device by compensating for the response time of the device.

FIG. 1 and the block diagram of the device according to the first embodiment; in fig. 2 the same, according to the second option; in fig. 3 - fuktsionalnoe control block scheme before. peak values of peptesoderzhaniya; in fig. 1 is a functional block diagram of the rip; i control unit with inlet and drain valves.

The device for controlling the discharge of oil containing tankers from tankers in the first variant (Fig. 1) contains a sampler 1 and drain valves 2 and 3 installed on the drain pipe, a sampling valve 4 and a sampling pump 5 installed on the sampling pipeline , sensor 6 of the concentration of the oil-mixed mixture, threshold blocks 7 and 8, integrator 9, setting point 10 of the corrective setpoint, memory block 1 1, multiplication blocks 12 and 13, e 14,

 -

a subtraction unit 15, a divider 16, a quad 17, a maximum selection unit 18, an oil-content limit control unit 19, and a sampling and drain valve control unit 20.

A device for controlling the discharge of peptic water from tankers according to the second variant (see FIG. 2) contains a sampler

I and drain valves 2 and 3. installed on the drain pipe, sampling valve 4 and sampling pump 5 installed on the sampling pipeline, sensor 6 of the concentration of the oil-water mixture, threshold blocks 7-9, integrator 10, unit

II corrective installation, memory blocks 12 and 13, restraint blocks 14 and 15, adders 16 and 17, subtraction blocks 18-20, divider 2, quad 22, maximum selection block 23, block of control of the oil-bearing values, control block 25 sampling and drain valves and filter 26

Drainage of oil-containing ballast and flush waters (TSS) from tankers is allowed only if the instantaneous oil discharge rate does not exceed 60 liters per mile of the path traveled, and the total amount of oil drained for the ballad flight does not exceed the limit K determined by quantity the cargo transported in the previous voyage, from which the discharge balance is formed, taking into account the year of construction of the tanker and the period of equipping it with an oil-content monitoring system.

The current values of the instantaneous oil discharge rate E and the amount of oil being drained are calculated using the formulas

f. C-Q.

t-y

Tc

5 C-Q-dl,

where C is the end of one gram of oil in discharged NSV;

Q is the flow rate of the merged NSV;

V - vessel speed;

TC is the time during which controlled HCV is produced.

The control unit of the limit values of the MSF content in the composition of the proposed device is intended for the automatic calculation of the controlled parameters of oil content - the instantaneous intensity of the oil flow E and the total amount of oil drained S, and the generation of a signal for overshoot NSV overboard in case of exceeding 1–11 and these parameters are set to limits. The control unit consists of a multiplication unit 27, an integrator 28, a divider 29, threshold units 30 and 31, and an element OR 32 (Fig. 3).

The control unit for sampling and drain valves consists of a hydraulic distributor 33, hydraulic cylinders 34 and 35, a pneumatic distributor 36 and a pneumatic cylinder 37 (Fig. 4). The hydraulic distributor is connected to the main oil and to the output of the control unit. The hydraulic valve is connected by hydraulic lines to hydraulic cylinders 34 and 35, the rods of which are mechanically connected to the valves of the drain valves 2 and 3. A pneumohistral and an output of the control unit are connected to the pneumatic distributor. The valve is connected to the pneumatic magnet with a pneumatic cylinder, the HITOK of which is mechanically connected to the gate of the sampling clan 6.

The device in the first embodiment works in the following way.

When conducting a drain through the discharge pipeline, the sample of oily water through the sampler 1, sampling valve 4 and the sampling pipeline is supplied by the sampling pump 5 to the input of the concentration sensor 6. During most of the time, the concentration of oil in the discharge water is constant and has a large value, so the effect of the response time of the device on the measurement accuracy is insignificant. The integrator 9 was not started during this period and the signal of the zero level from its output

through the blocks 11, 14, 15, 16, G7 and 12 is fed to one input of the maximum selection block 18. Since the signal on concentration from concentration sensor 6, which is different from zero, arrives at the other input of unit 18, this signal, through unit 18, arrives at the input of unit 19 for controlling the limiting values of oil content. The oil content in the discharged waters during this period is insignificant, therefore the drain valve 3 is open and 2 is closed, i.e. the discharge of oil-containing water is produced in the sea,

In the final period of discharge, the concentration quickly increases, and the difference between the concentration value in the discharge pipe and the concentration signal at the output of the concentration sensor depends on the rate of concentration change and the inertia of the sensor and the sampling equipment. The process of changing the concentration of oil C (O in the final period of discharge can be represented by the relation:

C (0 (/ L /)

where a is the parameter characterizing the velocity

growth rate of concentration (the more, the more smoothly the speed increases

sprout);

/ к is the parameter that determines the moment of capture by the receivers by the device of the discharge pipeline of a layer of sediment oil.

These parameters can be expressed in terms of the input signal C (/) and its integral, the integration operation filtering out concentration fluctuations. Accepting a point in the origin of time, we have t

C (0

0

/to-/

- BUT

(2)

Using relation (1), together with its initial conditions at L 0, we obtain the expression for the parameter / k:

C (t)

C (0 „

(/to

V

C (0 ± VC (TrCi

(3)

Analysis of the initial conditions of formula (3) shows that the sign “4- in this expression should be excluded. Then, after transformations of relation (2) using (3), we obtain the following expression for the parameters A;

A C (t lgsgsa

(four)

C (/) -l / STCHGG

It is practically possible to determine the parameter A by fixing the moment tz when the concentration reaches Co:

C2 0 (2) L: -C1.

Studies have established that a sufficient degree of smoothing of fluctuations of concentration is achieved when

L 3. Then the expression for

from A:

Formula (4) follows

A 1.37C (/,) - 1.37 g

(

di. (five)

Using expressions (2) and (5), we obtain the following relations for the parameters of formula (1):

a (l) + Aj Ш1

(6)

15

tK, g (0 + A C {t)

(6a)

The signal C (/) at the input of the device at the sampling point can be restored but the signal C (/) at the output of the concentrator according to the relation;

 C (+ e)

(7)

where in

zo

25

a device response delay involving a sample delay in the sampling equipment and a concentration sensor response time.

This may include the closing time of the drain valves, as well as the response delay of blocks 18 and 19.

Using relations (1), (6) and (7), we obtain the corrected taking into account the value of the concentration value

.G C (/ + D

C (/) C (/)

35

iC (- C (t) B

d

(eight)

0

five

0

five

The device starts to work from time t, when the signal level of the concentration of oil in the discharged water at the outlet of the concentration sensor reaches C. At this point, the threshold unit 7, which starts integrator 9. Continuing to increase, the concentration signal reaches the level Cr, at this moment (/ 2) threshold block 8 is triggered, so that in block 11 the value calculated according to formula (5) is fixed. This value is summed with the output signal of the integrator and is added to the input of divisible divider 16. At the same time, through the subtraction unit 15, a signal is generated that is fed to the input of divider divider 16. Setting 10 adjuster of the setpoint sets the formula ( eight). In accordance with formula (8), the quad 17 and block 12 are used for further conversions, and 1i, which are necessary for calculating the value of C (/). Since the concentration of oil in this period increases rapidly, the level C (/) C (/) is satisfied. Therefore, the input of the control unit for the limiting values of oil content through the maximum selection block receives a corrected signal about horses, C (O), not distorted by the effect of the device response delay and corresponding to the concentration value at the point of sampling. water will be terminated by signals from block 19 by means of drain valves 2 and 3, controlled by control block 20, as soon as the controlled oil content at the sampling point exceeds the established limits. Handling device according to the second embodiment it is based on the representation of the concentration change of the oil in the final period sootnon1eniem drain;

with (/) with + (

(la)

The signal from sensor 6 is fed to the input of the filter 26 with a sufficiently large time constant (- 120 s). During the period of discharge of the main volume of oil containing water with a slowly varying in time low level of oil concentration, the signal at the filter output is slightly different from the input. Therefore, the signal level at the output of subtraction unit 19 is close to zero, the threshold unit does not operate, and memory unit 13 passes the output signal of filter 26 to the input of subtraction unit 20, whose output signal is also close to zero. In this case, as in the first version of the device, the integrator 10 is not triggered and a zero level signal arrives at the input of the adder 17 from the output of the multiplication unit 14, and a concentration signal averaged by the filter 26 is fed to another input of the adder 17 from the output of the memory block 13. Thus, the inputs of block 23 receive an averaged signal about concentration from the output of adder 17 and the signal directly from the output of sensor 6 of concentration, the largest of them (no matter what, since they are close in level) passes to the input of block 24 of control of oil-content limit values.

In the final period of draining, the concentration starts to increase rapidly, while the signal taken from the output of concentration sensor 6 is delayed by filter 26, thereby increasing the signal at the output of unit 19. At a certain level of this signal Cz, the threshold unit 8 is triggered and the memory unit 13 fixes the initial signal level At the output of block 20, a signal is generated

C (O C (/) -So,

which by blocks 7, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22 and 14 is used as input for generating the signal C (/) in the same way as

This is provided in the first embodiment of the device. Finally, the output signal C (t) is generated in adder 17 using the formula

: (/) С (/) + Со,

after which, through block 23, it enters the input of block 24 and then again, similarly to the first embodiment.

The control unit works as follows.

In the period of discharge of NSV, signals on the concentration of oil from the maximum selection unit and on the flow rate of the discharge NSV from the flow sensor are sent to the inputs of the multiplication unit, and the input to the divider divider is a signal about the vessel's speed from the ship's lag. These signals are processed by the blocks 27-29 in accordance with formulas (1) and (2), with a signal about the total amount of oil being drained at the integrator output, and a signal at the output of the instantaneous oil discharge rate. The trigger level of threshold unit 30 corresponds to the limit on the total amount of oil that has been drained, the trigger level of threshold unit 31 is limited to the instantaneous rate of oil discharge. Thus, as soon as one or both of the monitored parameters exceed the established limits, the threshold unit 30 and the OR 32 element will be activated, and the OR command will be sent to the control unit to stop the discharge of the ACB overboard.

The control unit operates as follows.

If there is a signal at the output of the control unit that allows the discharge of NSV overboard, the hydraulic distributor supplies working oil under pressure to the cavities of the hydraulic cylinders 34 and 35, as a result of which the HITOKO.M of the hydraulic cylinder 34 opens the valve 3 allowing the HCV to pass overboard and the HITOKOM hydraulic cylinder 35 opens valve 2 closes, shutting off the pipeline leading to the slop tank. One HOBfjeMCiiHO pneumatic distributor supplies compressed air to the pneumatic cylinder, whose sampling valve 4 is opened (HJTOKOM), due to which the NSV sample is fed to the input of the concentration sensor.

By preventing the outboard discharge of the SCV signal from the control unit, the hydrodistributor relieves the working oil pressure from the cavities and delivers it to the cavities of hydrocylinic fenders 34 and 35, as a result of which valve 3 closes, stopping the HCB from being overboard, and valve 2 opens. unacceptably high parameters of oil content in a slop tank. At the same time, the pneumatic distributor de-energizes from the cylinder, the rod of which, moving under the action of m. Tension, closes the sampling valve, preventing the sensor from getting high concentration of oil, and thus eliminating the need for time-consuming washing operations of the sensor and sampling lines.

The device according to the first embodiment provides the required accuracy of measuring the concentration of oil in the discharged water (within the error of a concentration sensor ± 20%) if the concentration has a small initial (background) level. This concentrate is well watered with water in ballast tanks.

The device according to the second embodiment allows obtaining the required measurement accuracy even at an elevated level of initial concentration, when it is not possible to allow water to settle sufficiently, or when the water heavily contaminated with oil is drained from the slop tank. Thus, the accuracy of the device according to the second variant, due to its complexity, is less dependent on the technology of the discharge of oil-containing water in comparison with the first version of the device.

Claims (2)

Claims: Discharge Control Device ten 15 20 the memory unit, the maximum selection output is connected to the input of the oil limit control unit, the output of the second multiplication unit is connected to the second input of the subtractor connected by the second input to the output of the adder and the output to the second output of the divider, the output of the integrator is connected to the second input of the adder. 2. A device for controlling the discharge of oily water from tankers, containing a sampler located on the discharge pipeline, a sampling pipeline with a sampling valve and a pump located on it, a sensor of the oil-water mixture installed at the outlet of the sampling pipeline, connected in series to the control unit oily limit values and a control unit for the sampling valve and drain valves located on the drain pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy of the device, it comprises a serially coupled first threshold unit, an integrator, a first storage unit, a first adder, a divider, a squarer, a first multiplying unit. oil-containing water from tankers, containing a second adder and a block for selecting maxim30 a sampler located on the drain pipe, a sampling pipe with a sampling valve and a pump located on it, an oil-water mixture concentration sensor installed at the outlet of the sampling pipeline, an oil limit value control unit and a sampling valve control unit and drain valves located in series on the drain pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of the device, it contains serially connected first pores the second unit, the integrator, the memory unit, the adder, the divider, the quadrant, the first multiplication unit and the maximum selection unit, the serial setting unit, the second multiplication unit and the subtraction unit, and the second threshold unit, whose input is connected to the output of the concentration sensor oil-water mixture, to the input of the first threshold unit, to the second ma, serially connected master, second multiplication unit and first subtractor, serially connected filter, second subtracting unit, second threshold unit, second memory unit and third subtractor unit, and also a third threshold unit, whose input is connected to the input of the first threshold unit, to the second input of the integrator, to the output of the third subtraction unit, to the second input of the second multiplication unit and the second input of the first multiplication unit, and the output to the second input of the memory unit; the second input of the third subtraction unit is connected to the output The sensor of the oil / water mixture, with the second input of the second block, subtracts ani, with the input of the filter and the second input of the maximum selection block, the second input of the second adder is connected to the output of the second memory block, the output of the maximum selection block is connected to the input of the control unit second input first ,, 111АС ------ j-- -, j-,. .. ,, to the input of the maximum selection block, to the second subtraction block is connected to the output of the first multiplier of the second multiplier, to the second input of the integrator and to the second input of the first multiplication block, and the output to the second input of the matcher, and the output to the second input of the divider, and the second the input of the first adder is connected to the output of the integrator. 0 five 0 the memory unit, the output of the maximum selection is connected to the input of the control unit of the limit values of oil content, the output of the second multiplication unit is connected to the second input of the subtraction unit connected by the second input to the output of the adder, and the output to the second output of the divider, the output of the integrator is connected to the second input of the adder . 2. A device for controlling the discharge of oily water from tankers, containing a sampler located on the discharge pipeline, a sampling pipeline with a sampling valve and a pump located on it, a sensor for the concentration of the oil-water mixture installed at the outlet of the sampling pipeline, successively connected limit control unit values of oil and control unit sampling valve and drain valves located on the drain pipe, characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy of the device, it comprises a serially coupled first threshold unit, an integrator, a first storage unit, a first adder, a divider, a squarer, a first multiplying unit. second adder and selector unit maxim0 ma, serially connected master, second multiplication unit and first subtractor, serially connected filter, second subtracting unit, second threshold unit, second memory unit and third subtractor unit, and also a third threshold unit, whose input is connected to the input of the first threshold unit, to the second input of the integrator, to the output of the third subtraction unit, to the second input of the second multiplication unit and the second input of the first multiplication unit, and the output to the second input of the memory unit; the second input of the third subtraction unit is connected to the output The sensor of the oil / water mixture, with the second input of the second block, subtracts ani, with the input of the filter and the second input of the maximum selection block, the second input of the second adder is connected to the output of the second memory block, the output of the maximum selection block is connected to the input of the oil limit value control block, second input first ------ j-- -, j-,. .. ,, The subtraction unit is connected to the output of the first summattor, and the output is connected to the second input of the divider, and the second input of the first adder is connected to the output of the integrator. Slivno 2% For ffop / n rnpy5onpoSod with f770Hf FIG. one 22 / 7 TTL 3 Sopm p / ionpS {Voshs ains  / Tlfjr // FIG. 2 0t flow meter From to to- and 6o2lag g FIG. 3 R wfr 0/7 o f a 7 o From Hydro-Master 3Sort From the master -, H gyroboo t Sop  to the pump From pump pump Editor N. Gulko Order 2228/47 VNIIPI USSR State Committee for inventions and discoveries P3035, Moscow, Zh-35. Raushsk nab. 4/5 Branch PPP "Patent, Uzhgorod, st. Design, Fy Compiler, |. Tsallagova Tehrell I, fk-pec Corrector. Sharoshm Circulation 836Palpyen