RU2828506C1 - Ship with helicopter system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building, particularly, placement of helicopter pads, hangars and electric power system equipment on ships. Ship with helicopter system comprises hull, on the deck of which is located a superstructure or deckhouse, helicopter hangar connected to it, take-off and landing helipad and electric power system with standby and emergency power generators. Standby and emergency electric generators are arranged in ship superstructure in premises adjacent to helicopter hangar, and electric generators are driven by gas turbine engines (GTE) using helicopter fuel, fuel tanks and ship helicopter equipment. At that, as the backup electric generator drive, the converted helicopter cruise GTE is used, and the converted auxiliary aviation GTE is used as the emergency electric generator drive, wherein gas turbine engines are similar to those used on ship-based helicopter.

EFFECT: simplification of ship operation.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and boatbuilding, primarily to the placement of helicopter pads, hangars and equipment for helicopter and electric power systems on ships.

An icebreaker-rescuer is known under patent RF No. 155216, IPC B63B 35/08, B63B 35/00, published 2015, made in the form of a single-hull vessel with a multi-tiered superstructure shifted to the bow. At the stern of the vessel there is a takeoff and landing helicopter pad and a superstructure connected to it, in which a hangar for a helicopter is equipped.

Multifunctional emergency rescue vessels of the MPSV07 project are known (magazine “Shipbuilding”, No. 1, 2009, p. 12), for example, the vessel “Esvakt Aurora”, as well as the “Rescue vessel” under Russian patent No. 42999, equipped with helicopter systems.

A research and expedition vessel with a helipad and a helicopter hangar is known according to Russian patent No. 215369, IPC B63B 35/50, published on 12/12/2022, including a hull with ice contours and reinforcements, a superstructure, a helipad, a helicopter hangar, a power plant with an exhaust system made in the form of a shaft with exhaust pipes and located on the sides, while the exhaust pipes are located along the helicopter hangar.

There are nuclear icebreakers of Project 22220, the power plant of which includes a nuclear steam generating plant (NSGP) based on two water-cooled nuclear reactors of the RITM-200 type, steam turbine units PTU-72, propulsion electric motors, auxiliary steam turbine generators (Universal nuclear icebreakers of Project 22220. Electronic resource: https://www.rosatomflot.ru/flot/universalnyy-atomnyy-ledokol-proekta-22220/ysclid=ltzlcp5qk4810572055. Date of access 06.03.2024). To ensure efficient and safe operation of the main power plant and the vessel as a whole, two Wartsila 6L26W diesel generators (DG) with a capacity of 2040 kW are used as backup power sources, and three ADG-200-A-A2-MPS diesel generators based on a BF6M1015MC Deutz diesel engine and an HCM434E1 Stamford generator with a capacity of 200 kW each are used as emergency sources (see Electronic resource: https://paluba.media/news/31214. Date of access 06.03.2024).

The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the high weight and size parameters of the icebreaker's power system and the vibration level, poor starting properties of diesel engines of reserve and emergency power sources, especially at low temperatures of the atmospheric air. Therefore, diesel engines of reserve and/or emergency power plants must be hot to ensure their rapid start, for which purpose hot liquid is pumped through their cooling systems.

A common drawback of these analogues is the design and functional disunity of their helicopter complex (helicopters, platform, hangar, cruise and auxiliary gas turbine engines of helicopters and other equipment) and engines of backup and emergency power plants.

As a result, a variety of types of thermal engines are used on ships: diesel engines for the drive of the ship's reserve and emergency generators; gas turbine engines of helicopters, etc. At the same time, each type of thermal engine has its own types of fuel, oil and lubricant. Therefore, to ensure the operation of diesel and gas turbine engines, different fuel and oil tanks, pumps, pipelines, pipeline fittings, control and management equipment, diagnostic systems must be provided.

The closest analogue in technical essence and purpose to the claimed device, adopted as its prototype, is the training complex of ship-based helicopters of a vessel according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 137540, IPC B63B 35/08, published on 20.02.13, which is a self-propelled single-deck vessel with a bow-mounted engine room and wheelhouse, while the hull includes means for takeoff and landing of the ship-based helicopter, living and utility rooms, ship and general ship systems, a power plant, electrical equipment. In this case, the fuel system of the ship-based helicopter complex contains pipelines, pumps, filters, separators, heat exchangers, etc.

The fuel system ensures filling of the fuel reserve tanks of the main diesel generators (MDG) by non-ship means and supply of fuel to the MDG, filling of the service tank of at least one emergency diesel generator (EDG).

To cool the main diesel generators, a cooling system for the power plant and ship equipment (central fresh water cooling system) is used, using cooling pumps mounted on the engines and backup electric drive pumps.

The vessel includes at least one air-cooled emergency diesel generator (EDG) located in the EEG technological room on the main deck.

The electrical equipment of the ship helicopter complex includes all electrical systems, generators, electric motors, switchboards, etc.

Electrical equipment includes:

- sources and converters of electric power (uninterruptible power supplies and batteries);

- power distribution devices:

- main distribution device GRU;

- main distribution board (MDB);

- emergency distribution board (EDB);

- shore power supply board (SPB);

- secondary distribution boards (SDB);

- devices for transmitting electric power;

- electric lighting of rooms and spaces;

- protective grounding, lightning protection and protection from static electricity;

- electric heating devices.

The energy received from two main diesel generators and at least one emergency diesel generator is used as sources and converters of electrical energy to supply all necessary consumers on the vessel with electrical energy.

To provide emergency power supply for signaling systems, radio communications, navigation, control and monitoring systems of the unified electric power system (UES) and other systems, two uninterruptible power supplies with storage batteries are installed.

An uninterruptible power supply is provided to provide (backup) emergency power supply for small evacuation lighting and signal and distinctive lights. To start the emergency diesel generator, two groups of storage batteries of the required capacity are provided, located in the technological room of the emergency diesel generator.

To distribute electrical energy on the vessel, a main distribution unit (MDU) is used, which receives power from auxiliary generators in normal operating modes.

To provide electricity to ship consumers, the vessel is equipped with a main distribution board.

The disadvantage of the prototype, as well as the above-mentioned analogues, is the structural and functional disunity of the helicopter complex (helicopters, platform, hangar, cruise and auxiliary gas turbine engines of helicopters and other equipment) and the engines of the reserve and emergency ship power plants.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design and operation of a vessel by placing reserve and emergency power plants in its superstructure (wheelhouse) in rooms adjacent to the helicopter hangar, as well as providing a drive for reserve and emergency electric generators using gas turbine engines (GTE) using helicopter fuel, fuel tanks and other ship helicopter equipment.

In order to achieve the specified technical result, the following set of essential features is proposed: a vessel with a helicopter complex (including, like the prototype, a hull, on the deck of which a superstructure (wheelhouse) is located, a helicopter hangar and a takeoff and landing helicopter pad associated with it, and an electric power system with backup and emergency electric generators); unlike the prototype, the backup and emergency electric generators are located in the superstructure (wheelhouse) of the vessel in rooms adjacent to the helicopter hangar, and the electric generators are driven by gas turbine engines (GTE) using helicopter fuel, fuel tanks and other ship helicopter equipment, while the electrical and energy units of the system are interconnected by pipelines and cable ropes. In this case, a converted cruise helicopter GTE is used as a drive for the backup electric generator, and a converted auxiliary aviation GTE is used as a drive for the emergency electric generator. In this case, the same brands of gas turbine engines were used to drive the backup and emergency electric generators, which were used as cruise and auxiliary engines on the helicopter based on this vessel.

In this case, the gas turbine generator (GTG) of the emergency power plant is equipped with an air distributor, air pipelines and a turbo expander mechanically connected to an additional electric generator.

The essence of the invention lies in simplifying the design and operation of the vessel.

The result is achieved through the rational placement of helicopter and ship electrical power equipment, namely the placement of a helicopter hangar, as well as backup and emergency sources of the electrical power system in adjacent, adjoining rooms of the superstructure (wheelhouse), i.e. through their structural and functional unification.

This, in turn, allows the use of helicopter complex equipment in the ship's reserve and emergency power systems (to eliminate, for example, duplication of aviation kerosene tanks) and, conversely (in necessary cases, to duplicate equipment, for example, pumps, pipelines, filters, etc.), to use the same type (i.e. gas turbine) engines both in helicopters and to drive generators of the ship's reserve and emergency power plants.

A comparison of the proposed device and the prototype showed that the task at hand - simplifying the design and operation of the vessel - is solved as a result of a new set of features, which proves that the proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty".

At the same time, the conducted information search in the field of shipbuilding (shipbuilding), in particular, the analysis of scientific and technical, patent, production and advertising literature, did not reveal solutions containing individual distinctive features of the claimed invention, which allows us to conclude that the claimed ship helicopter complex meets the criterion of “inventive step”.

The essence of the proposed invention is explained by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a vessel (nuclear icebreaker) with a helicopter complex;

Fig. 2 shows a diagram of an emergency gas turbine power plant - an auxiliary gas turbine unit with an air turbo expander and an additional electric generator.

The implementation of the proposed invention is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following guidelines:

1. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS-74) - International Convention for the. Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS-74).

2. General aviation requirements for helicopter support equipment on ships and platforms raised above water (OAT GA-90). - M.: 1990, 50 p.

3. Rules for the classification and construction of sea-going vessels. Volume 3, Chapter 6 “Requirements for helicopter devices”, ND No. 2-020101-077, 2014, 104 p.

4. Rules for the classification, construction and equipment of offshore floating oil and gas production complexes. ND No. 2-020201-017, 2020, 104 p.

5. Rules for the classification and construction of sea-going vessels. Part XI "Electrical equipment". ND No. 2-020101-104, 2018. 138 p.

The claimed vessel (nuclear icebreaker) comprises a hull 1, a superstructure (wheelhouse) 2, a helicopter takeoff and landing deck 3, on which helicopters 4 are located, a helicopter hangar 5, a room for a backup power plant 6, a backup gas turbine generator 7, a room for an emergency power plant 8, and an emergency gas turbine generator 9.

The emergency gas turbine generator 9, in turn, contains a starter-generator 10, a compressor 11, a turbine 12, a combustion chamber 13, an air distributor 14, an air turboexpander 15, an additional electric generator 16, an air pipeline for supplying air to the compressor 17, an air pipeline for supplying compressed air 18 to the distributor 14, an air pipeline for supplying compressed air 19 to the combustion chamber 13, a pipeline for supplying fuel combustion products 20 to the turbine 12, an air pipeline for supplying compressed air 21 to the turboexpander 15, an air pipeline for supplying compressed air 22 to the air turbostarter of the gas turbine engine of the backup power plant 6 (or to the cruise gas turbine engines of the deck helicopter 4).

Unlike the prototype, in the proposed vessel with a helicopter complex, the helicopter hangar 5 in the superstructure (wheelhouse) 2 is located next to rooms 6 and 8, respectively, of the reserve 7 and emergency 9 gas turbine generators of the vessel's power plants. The drives of these power plants are provided by gas turbine engines running on helicopter fuel (aviation kerosene, alcohol, liquefied natural or petroleum gases, hydrogen, etc.). The gas turbine generators of power plants 7 and 9 can be placed in rooms 6 and 8 both along the longitudinal axis of the vessel (ship) and across. Between the helicopter hangar 5 and rooms 6 and 8 of the reserve 7 and emergency 9 gas turbine generators of the power plants, other vessel rooms and decks, watertight doors are installed according to GOST 25088-98, pipelines and cable routes are laid.

As shown in Fig. 1, the emergency power plant 8 is located above the upper deck of the vessel outside the shafts of the engine rooms and has a direct exit to the open deck. Unlike the diesel drive, such placement of the helicopter hangar 5 and the premises of the power plants 6 and 8 and the use of gas turbine engines 7 and 9 to drive the electric generators makes it possible to use common main and service fuel tanks, in necessary cases, to ensure duplication of fuel pumps, filters and pipelines, pipeline fittings, and in others - to eliminate duplication (to use close or similar control systems, means of technical maintenance and repair, sets of diagnostic and repair equipment and spare parts for both helicopters and for the gas turbine engines of the power plants).

It is known that the most effective option for additional backup of own needs is the use of gas turbine units: (Use of gas turbine units for backup of own needs of NPPs / R.Z. Aminov, V.M. Batenin, P.L. Ipatov et al. // Thermal power engineering. 2006. No. 12. pp. 25-28; Favorsky O.N., Aminov R.Z., Shkret A.F., Garievsky M.V. Comparative efficiency of using gas turbine and gas piston units for additional backup of own needs of NPPs. Thermal power engineering, No. 4, 2009, pp. 38-43; Delkov A.V., Melkozerov M.G. Problems and prospects of creating backup power supply units based on gas turbine engines // Actual problems of aviation and cosmonautics. 2010. No. 6. Electronic resource: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-i-perspektivy-sozdaniya-ustanovok-rezervnogo-elektrosnabzheniya-na-baze-gazoturbinnyh-dvigateley. Date of access: 11.03.2024).

The main advantages of using gas turbine units are:

the inertial forces arising in a gas turbine engine are small compared to similar forces in gas piston units,

nitrogen oxide emissions from gas turbines are 2.5 - 3 times less than those from piston engines,

GTEs are more resistant to abruptly changing loads. Operation at partial loads (less than 50%) does not affect the turbine condition.

Accordingly, gas turbine engines have greater reliability and longer periods between maintenance (2000 hours compared to 1000 hours for gas piston units).

It is proposed to use a converted cruise helicopter gas turbine engine, for example, TV3-117, as a backup electric generator drive, with a cruising power of 1750 hp; dry weight of 300 kg; designated service life of 12,000 hours.

There may be several backup gas turbine generators 7. They can operate either simultaneously or alternately.

To drive the emergency electric generator, domestic aviation auxiliary power units can be used, for example, TA14 and TA18, which have in their composition an auxiliary gas turbine engine of a new generation with an equivalent power of 350 kW. A distinctive feature of the emergency gas turbine generator is the presence of a starter-generator 10, which serves as an additional emergency power source.

However, the power of the starter-generator 10 in the generator mode ek is sufficient to meet the emergency needs of the vessel. Therefore, an additional electric generator 16 is used to generate electricity, driven into rotation by an air turboexpander 15.

The operation of gas turbine generator 9 is carried out as follows.

To start the gas turbine generator 9, power is supplied to the terminals of the starter-generator 10 from the storage battery (not shown in the figure). The starter-generator 10, operating in the engine mode, spins the rotor of the compressor 11 and the turbine 12 of the gas turbine engine to a rotation speed that ensures stable combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber 13, into which air enters from the compressor 11 through the air distributor 14, through pipelines 18 and 19. The products of fuel combustion enter the turbine 12 through pipeline 20. After the rotor reaches the required rotation speed, the starter-generator 10 is switched off or transferred to the generator mode. In this case, air from compressor 11 enters only combustion chamber 13. To ensure the start of the gas turbine engine of the backup power plant 6, part of the compressed air through pipelines 18 and 22 through air distributor 14 enters the turbo starter of the GTE of the backup gas turbine generator drive 7 (not shown in the figure).

The other part of the compressed air is directed through pipelines 18 and 19 to combustion chamber 13.

To ensure the operation of the emergency power station 9, the air distributor 14 directs air through the pipeline 21 to the air turboexpander 15, which rotates the rotor of the additional emergency electric generator 16 (for example, a three-phase synchronous generator). Generator 10 can simultaneously generate electric power.

There may be several emergency gas turbine generators 9. They can operate either simultaneously or alternately.

The starter-generator 10 and the additional generator 16 are cooled by air, which is pumped in by fans built into them (not shown in the drawing).

The vessel with a helicopter complex proposed in the application includes, in addition to the above: control and monitoring systems for the reserve and emergency power plants, tanks for storing supplies of aviation fuel and lubricants, systems for supplying fuel, lubrication, power supply, compressed air, warm fresh water, heating engines and gearbox, a launch and command post with communication and signaling systems, lighting equipment, fire-fighting equipment, a workshop for pre-flight preparation of helicopters and engines, routine maintenance and repairs, equipped with tools and spare parts, etc.

As a result of the technical solutions proposed in the application, the operation of the vessel is simplified: namely, as a result of using identical engines both in helicopters and for driving the generators of the vessel's reserve and/or emergency power plants, reducing (aircraft kerosene tanks), and, where necessary, duplicating equipment (pumps, pipelines), the same methods and means of technical operation, maintenance and repair, the same set of diagnostic and repair equipment, etc. can be used. The effect is achieved as a result of the rational placement of the helicopter hangar and the premises of the reserve and emergency power plants, ensuring the possibility of combined use of gas turbine engines and other equipment of the reserve and emergency power plants and helicopters.

The proposed technical solution was created at the Department of Shipbuilding and Power Plants of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Admiral S. O. Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping”. Calculations were made that showed the possibility of using the claimed device in the development of ship (vessel) projects and their equipping with electric generators with a gas turbine drive running on helicopter fuel, which, taking into account the above, allows us to conclude that the claimed invention meets the “industrial applicability” criterion.

Claims (4)

1. A vessel with a helicopter complex, including a hull, on the deck of which a superstructure or wheelhouse is located, a helicopter hangar and a helicopter landing pad connected to it, and an electric power system with backup and emergency electric generators, characterized in that the backup and emergency electric generators are located in the superstructure or wheelhouse of the vessel in rooms adjacent to the helicopter hangar, and the electric generators are driven by gas turbine engines (GTE) using helicopter fuel, fuel tanks and ship helicopter equipment, while the electrical and energy units of the electric power system are interconnected by pipelines and electrical cables. 2. A vessel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a converted cruise helicopter gas turbine engine is used as the drive for the backup electric generator, and a converted auxiliary aviation gas turbine engine is used as the drive for the emergency electric generator. 3. A vessel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the reserve and emergency electric generators are driven by gas turbine engines of the same brands that are used, respectively, as cruise and auxiliary engines on the helicopter based on the vessel. 4. A vessel according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the gas turbine generator of the emergency power plant is equipped with an air distributor, air pipelines and a turbo expander mechanically connected to an additional electric generator.