RU2771076C1 - Method for guiding anti-ship missiles and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of military technology and relates to a method for guiding an anti-ship missile and a device for its implementation. The anti-ship missile guidance method includes the use of a combined homing head containing active radar and thermal imaging channels and reference images of ships of various classes. When implementing the method, the vulnerable area of ​​the ship's destruction is determined using the thermal imaging channel and the aiming point is selected in the center of the vulnerable area, taking into account the class of the ship. The anti-ship missile guidance device comprises a thermal imaging camera connected to an image processing device, an active radar channel transceiver connected to a signal processing device. In addition, the device contains a single target recognition and classification unit for each channel, a target selection unit, a control and synchronization unit, and an onboard missile control system.

EFFECT: increasing the effectiveness of the combat use of anti-ship missiles both in a single launch and in a salvo.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for improving systems and control complexes for anti-ship missiles (ASMs), providing launches of anti-ship missiles and developing recommendations for their improvement.

A known method of targeting anti-ship missiles, implemented in the Russian unified anti-ship missile X-35E export version with an active radar homing head (GOS).

The active radar seeker (ARGS) of the Kh-35E missile is designed to accurately guide it to a surface target in the final section of the trajectory. In order to solve this problem, the ARGS is switched on by a command from the onboard control system (BSU) when the missile reaches the final section of the trajectory, detects surface targets, selects the target to be hit, determines the position of this target in azimuth and elevation, and the angular velocity of the line of sight of the target in azimuth and elevation, range to the target and speed of approach to the target and outputs these values to the BSU.

A target-reflector or a target-source of active interference can be used as a target. ARGS can be used both in single and salvo launch of missiles. The maximum number of missiles in a salvo is up to 100 pieces.

The disadvantages of the ARGS Kh-35E missiles are:

- ARGS unmasks the missile for the target, forcing the latter to use the air defense system and means, active and passive jamming stations, which can lead to the disruption of the combat mission;

- guidance accuracy (standard deviation) - 5-9 meters, which can significantly affect the target miss;

- restrictions on the use of rockets in conditions of precipitation (fog, rain) up to 4 mm / s;

- weak noise immunity - a target-reflector or a target-source of active interference can be used as a target (capture for tracking a false target);

- the main targets for the ARGS are moving surface ships that have the parameters of movement on the water surface (rolling, with a strong wave - most of the vessel will be covered with water, which significantly reduces the effective area of dispersion of the radio signal from the ARGS);

- pointing in the active channel at a moving target causes a significant shift in the energy center of the target, which significantly affects the accuracy of hitting it (target);

- when used on a group target, a group of ships can get so close to each other that they have radar illumination as one target, which in turn will lead to a miss, and therefore to a disruption of the combat mission;

- restrictions on the use of anti-ship missiles associated with rough seas.

Due to the periodic change in the size and shape of the submerged part of the ship rocking in waves, rotational oscillations around the horizontal and vertical axes, the value of the effective dispersion area and other characteristics of the reflectivity of the ship change.

Modern methods in radar make it possible to achieve high efficiency in the detection and recognition of surface targets. In this case, it becomes possible to represent a surface target in the form of several resolution elements. Therefore, increasing the resolution after a certain limit is equivalent to obtaining a radar image of the target, which is a reflection of the distribution of the reflectivity of the radar target in coordinates corresponding to the resolution space.

Radar resolution is understood as the minimum possible angular distance between two targets located at the same range at which they are observed separately.

The detection efficiency and the quality of formation of a radar image of a surface ship moving in sea waves in an active radar homing head are influenced by the following factors, which are determined by: movement parameters and target design features, underlying surface characteristics and observation conditions:

- limitation of radar capabilities caused by electromagnetic wave (EMW) reflections from an inhomogeneous sea surface;

- the complex nature of the target, due to the large number of reflection components;

- multipath propagation of EMW, heterogeneity of the propagation path;

- shading of the reflective surfaces of the surface object by its structural elements;

- the presence of anomalies in the structure of the sea surface during the movement of a surface object.

Known combined multi-channel homing head [see. RF patent for the invention No. 2693028, SPK class. F41G 7/00, publ. 07/01/2019], containing a gyrocoordinator, inside the outer gimbal suspension of which an optical unit is installed, containing interconnected receivers of television and thermal imaging channels and a lens, a stabilization system for the gyroscope axes, a video signal processing unit from the target.

The disadvantages of the combined homing head are:

- GOS has an optical block for a television and thermal imaging receiver on the same optical axis of a combined lens with a single entrance pupil, which has a negative value for the completeness obtained from the target of energy characteristics, affecting the recognition and classification of the target;

- GOS is intended for small-sized aviation weapons launched from unmanned aerial vehicles and is used to destroy small targets;

- a controlled aircraft weapon equipped with this seeker has a significantly shorter launch range, which necessitates the entry of enemy ships into the air defense zone.

Known dual-mode homing head [see. RF patent for the invention No. 2661504, IPC class. F41G 7/22, publ. 07/17/2018], containing an anti-radar part with a radiation receiver - an antenna, an infrared part and a rudder control system. At the same time, the antenna of the anti-radar part provides the possibility of outputting the received level of the radio signal to the operator's trigger device or automatic trigger and turning off the reception of the radio signal before launch. A missile equipped with this dual-mode seeker is designed to destroy air targets, but can also be used to destroy armored vehicles.

The disadvantages of a dual-mode homing head are:

- short range of a missile equipped with this seeker - no more than 40 km;

- GOS has an infrared guidance channel, which works on the principle of pointing at a contrast point (in the infrared range), which has no selectivity (target recognition only at a certain target temperature - a running aircraft or tank engine, which can lead to retargeting to a false target);

- the use of a command radio link for missile guidance, which can be neutralized by setting interference that affects the accuracy of missile guidance.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed method (prototype) is a method of aiming and guidance in a combined homing head with semi-active laser, thermal imaging and active radar channels, which is planned to be equipped with a promising JCM guided missile [see E. Domantsev. Tactical missile JCM and how to deal with it // Army Bulletin. Online magazine about the army, weapons and technology. Access mode: https://airnynews.org/2015/02/takticheskaya-raketa-jagm-i-kak-s-nej-borotsya/ (accessed 10/19/2020)], intended for attack helicopters of the AH-64D Apache type Longbow" and OH-58D. The complex implements a method of aiming and guidance via a fiber-optic communication line (FOCL). In this case, a thermal television camera is installed on the rocket, from which the observed image is transmitted to the operator of the surveillance and sighting system (OPS) on the carrier, and he controls the rocket. Structurally, the optoelectronic block of receivers of the homing head (GOS) and the radar antenna are made in a single tracking system, which ensures their separate or joint operation in the guidance process. The HOS implements the principle of combined homing depending on the type of target (contrast in the visible region of the spectrum, contrast in the thermal region of the spectrum or radio contrast) and the conditions of use, in accordance with which the optimal guidance method is selected in one of the modes of operation of the HOS, and the rest are used to form contrast display when calculating the aiming point. An example is the Spike-ER complex (Israel), designed to destroy armored and other types of targets at short ranges and deployed on attack helicopters AN-1 Cobra, SA-330L Puma and others. The effective firing of the complex is 8 km, the maximum missile flight speed is 180 m / s, the average is 160 m / s, the missile flight time for 8 km is 50 seconds, the probability of hitting the “Tank” type is 0.7.

The specified complex contains an alarm system with a thermal television sight, an information display system (video monitor), a computer, a control panel for the complex and a launcher with missiles, as well as a thermal television seeker, an electronics unit, a steering drive and a fiber optic spool placed on the rocket. The complex uses two missile control modes: autonomous homing in the event of target seeker capture before launch and combined manual control via fiber-optic communication lines with the participation of the operator (in the absence of target seeker capture before launch) with subsequent target seeker capture and homing in the final section.

The main disadvantages of the sighting system, due to the methods of aiming and pointing embedded in it, are:

- salvo firing of missiles at several targets at ranges of more than 4-5 km is not provided due to the manual guidance of the missile by the operator along the FOCL;

- effective firing at moving ground targets at long ranges is not ensured due to the low speed and long flight time of the rocket;

- the presence of manual guidance with the participation of the operator requires a significant reduction in the speed of the rocket, while increasing the likelihood of hitting the helicopter with enemy air defense systems.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of the combat use of anti-ship missiles both in a single launch and in a salvo by combining channels for receiving signals from a target using a radar channel and a thermal imaging camera, recognizing and classifying targets with a special software and mathematical apparatus, pointing to the most vulnerable places ( areas) of the target. In the final section of the trajectory in the proposed method, guidance is carried out via a thermal imaging channel, as the most effective than radar at short ranges to the target. Known is one of the accuracy parameters (standard deviation) of guidance by the active radar homing head of the Kh-35E missile, which is 5-9 meters. The standard deviation, as a guidance parameter for the combined seeker of the advanced JCM guided missile, designed for attack helicopters of the AH-64D Apache Longbow and OH-58D type, is 1-3 meters.

The essence of the invention lies in the use of a combined GOS (radar and thermal imaging channel) and the use of a thermal imaging channel in the final section of the trajectory. Recognition and classification of targets is carried out with the help of a thermal imaging channel and is determined by the reference images of ships of various classes, a weak spot for destruction. Thus, the missile is aimed not at the total target area (ship) - its contour, but at a vulnerable compartment or target area.

This method includes the following steps:

1. Upon reaching a certain section of the trajectory (the range to the target is greater than the detection range of the thermal imaging channel), the BSU of the missile issues a command to turn on the seeker, and specifically, the radar guidance channel (RKN).

2. GOS in the ILV operation mode detects surface targets, selects the target to be hit, determines the position of this target in azimuth and elevation, the angular velocities of the target's line of sight in azimuth and elevation, the range to the target and the speed of approach to the target, and issues these values in BSU.

3. The BSU, based on the flight conditions (speed of approach to the target and range to it), the target to be hit according to the laid-in HOS control algorithm, sends a signal to turn on the thermal imaging channel of the HOS.

4. When the HOS thermal imaging channel is turned on at an inclined distance to the target, necessary for target recognition and classification by the thermal imaging channel, the HOS, by comparing the embedded reference information with the current information about the target, determines the weak spot on the surface target and guides the missile at the very end of the trajectory.

A typical target for calculating the probability of hitting anti-ship missiles with the proposed seeker is a destroyer with the following parameters: length does not exceed 160 m, width - up to 17 m, freeboard - about 7 m, speed - 30-33 knots. They usually have 2 decks and 2 platforms.

To calculate the probability of hitting a typical target, the formula will be used [see, for example, Combat aviation equipment. Aviation armament. DI. Gladkov, V.M. Baluev, P.A. Sementsov and others. Ed. professor, doctor of technical sciences D.I. Gladkova - M .: Military Publishing House 1987, p. 268]:

where G(x, y) is the exponential law of hitting a target (it is equal to 0.8 for calculating anti-ship missiles),

ƒ(x, y)dxdy - coordinate defeat law.

The formula for calculating ƒ(x, y) is:

where σ _x σ _y is the standard deviation along the x and y axes, respectively,

m _x m _y - values of the mathematical expectation along the x and y axes, respectively.

From this follows the conclusion that in order to increase the accuracy of hitting an anti-ship missile, it is necessary to reduce the reduced area of damage to a minimum.

This method makes it possible and can be implemented, for example, using a device whose block diagram is shown in Fig. one.

The device for implementing the anti-ship missile guidance method comprises 1 thermal imaging camera with a lens for receiving radiation from the target, connected to 2 thermal image processing devices, 3 active radar channel transceiver connected to 4 signal processing device from the active radar channel, in turn , outputs 2 and 4 are inputs to 5 of the single target recognition and classification unit for each channel, output 5 of the single target recognition and classification unit is the input 6 of the unit for determining the target selected for engagement, output 6 is the input 7 of the seeker control and synchronization unit, in its turn, output 7 is the input 8 of the onboard missile control system.

Thermal imaging camera 1 is designed to receive thermal radiation from the target.

Thermal image processing device 2 is designed to process signals from a thermal imaging camera into a digital signal for further processing by a single target recognition and classification unit.

Transceiver 3, which in turn consists of an antenna located on a single tracking system together with a thermal imaging camera; power amplifier, signal conditioner; microwave modules; phase shifters; modules of reference and reference generators, designed to emit and receive a reflected signal from the target.

The signal processing device 4 from the active radar channel is designed to process the radar signal received from the target and passed through the transceiver for further processing of this signal in a single target recognition and classification unit.

A single target recognition and classification unit 5 for each channel is designed to recognize and classify a target to be hit by comparing the reference information stored in a permanent memory and current information characteristics about the target (radar signal and thermal radiation) and issuing to the unit for determining the target selected for hitting 6 corresponding signal parameters to determine its coordinates.

The GOS control and synchronization unit 7 is designed to control all units that are part of the GOS, to synchronize them with each other.

Onboard missile control system 8 is designed to control the missile and its components. Also based on the combat mission and the type of target intended for destruction. The GOS control and synchronization unit determines the range of switching on the thermal imaging channel and the angle of approach to the target, based on the conditions of flight to the target, the angle of the target and a number of other parameters.

A typical target for destruction is a destroyer. The destroyer is designed for anti-submarine and air defense of aircraft carrier forces, convoys, amphibious formations, as well as for fire support during amphibious landings and reconnaissance. Length does not exceed 160 m, width - up to 17 m, freeboard height - about 7 m, speed - 30-33 knots. They usually have 2 decks and 2 platforms.

To characterize the effectiveness of the proposed method, the increase in the probability of hitting a typical target "Destroyer" W due to the application of the proposed method in relation to the probability of hitting a typical target "Destroyer" using the known method ΔW=W ₂ -W ₁ is determined.

The increase in the effectiveness of the combat use of anti-ship missiles is 0.083 and 0.20, respectively. In this case, the most positive effect is achieved under the condition that the enemy uses decoys (corner reflectors or false RCCs and RICs).

The proposed method is an effective way to aim anti-ship missiles at surface targets by using combined guidance systems (adding a thermal imaging channel to an existing active radar homing head) and based on complex information from different guidance channels depending on the range to the target.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since elements used in the field of optoelectronic systems and electrical engineering can be used for its implementation.

Information sources:

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2693028, SPK class. F41G 7/00 published 07/01/2019

2. E. Domantsev. Tactical missile JCM and how to deal with it // Army Bulletin. Online magazine about the army, weapons and technology. Access mode: https://armynews.org/2015/02/takticheskaya-raketa-jagm-i-kak-s-nej-borotsya/ (accessed 10/19/2020).

3. D.I. Gladkov, V.M. Baluev, P.A. Sementsov and others. Combat aircraft. Aviation armament. Ed. professor, doctor of technical sciences D.I. Gladkova - M .: Military Publishing 1987, p. 268.

4. RF patent for the invention No. 2661504, IPC class. F41G 7/22, publ. 07/17/2018

Claims (2)

1. A method for targeting an anti-ship missile, which includes the use of a combined homing head (CGSN) containing active radar and thermal imaging channels, reference images of ships of various classes, determining a vulnerable area of damage on them using a thermal imaging channel and selecting an aiming point in the center of the vulnerable area with taking into account the class of the ship to defeat. 2. A device for implementing a method for guiding an anti-ship missile, comprising a thermal imaging camera 1 with a lens for receiving radiation from a target, connected to a thermal imaging image processing device 2, a transceiver of an active radar channel 3 connected to a signal processing device from an active radar channel 4, in turn, the outputs of the thermal image processing device 2 and the processing device from the active radar channel 4 are the inputs of a single target recognition and classification block for each channel 5, the output of a single target recognition and classification block 5 is the input of the block for determining the target selected for engagement, the output of the block determining the target selected for engagement 6 is the input of the control and synchronization unit CGSN 7, in turn, the output of the control and synchronization unit CGSN 7 is the input of the onboard missile control system 8, which, in accordance with the signals received from the CG SN controls the flight of the anti-ship missile as a whole, including in the final guidance area, and directs the missile into the vulnerable area of the ship.

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