RU2661516C2 - Solid-fuel gas-generated boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering. Solid-fuel gas-fired boiler contains upper loading chamber and lower combustion chamber, upper and lower air ducts; while in the upper loading chamber at the edges there are guides in the form of at least 2 metal strips on each side, reinforced perpendicularly with their long sides to the inner jacket on the same level with the upper air ducts, the ducts are located with an indentation from the inner jacket of the boiler, and the upper loading chamber door is made with an outflow in the form of a metal plate in the lower part of the inner side; the air supply duct of the primary air is made from a pipe, in whose lower part there are holes, directed to the center of the jet; the fastening assembly of the doors and the casing is made of several studs with two nuts, one of which is fixed to the body of the boiler, while the second serves as a lock nut for fastening and clamping the casing; the air supply unit comprises a removable cover with aperture and an air blower installed thereon; the anti-smoke gravity curtain consists of a metal sheet with protrusions at the top for fastening at the top of the aperture of the upper loading chamber.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at increasing the stability and efficiency of combustion.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a power system, and in particular to devices for heating, heating water or supplying heat to residential premises, as well as for technological needs in domestic, industrial and other premises for various purposes, in which an autonomous heating system is equipped.

The boiler is used for heating greenhouses, private country houses, baths, industrial premises.

Known hot-water solid fuel boiler [RU 158389 U1, 12/27/2015], which contains a housing, a water jacket made around the entire perimeter of the boiler, a combustion chamber, a chamber for exhausting flue gases into the chimney, a primary air supply means, a secondary air supply means, a grate, water inlet and outlet nozzles of the first circuit, including a water jacket, a heat exchanger containing two packages of horizontal pipes. The heat exchanger tubes are placed in the chamber for exhaust gas discharge into the chimney across the movement of the exhaust gases and provide the possibility of turbulization of the exhaust gas flow and additional heat removal. In addition, the boiler further comprises an exhaust gas afterburner formed by horizontal walls separating the afterburner from the combustion chamber and the exhaust chamber to the flue, and having a fireclay wiring. At the same time, secondary air injectors are located in the afterburner, connected to the secondary air supply tunnel, made at the rear wall of the furnace chamber and providing the possibility of supplying secondary air from bottom to top through the furnace chamber. Tunnel-catalysts made of fireclay bricks are made in the afterburner. The solid fuel boiler further comprises secondary water inlet and outlet pipes, including a heat exchanger. At least part of the furnace chamber inside is made with chamotte lining.

Lack of boiler operation in insufficient stability.

Known Hot-water solid fuel boiler [RU 121042 U1, 10.10.2012], comprising a housing made of steel sheets forming air chambers and vertical and horizontal pipes connected through a collector, a combustion chamber made in the form of a tube frame with alternating fireclay brick, a chamber door 600 × 620 mm firebox with inspection eye, chimney, nozzles for safety valves, fire tube heat exchanger (drum), made in the form of two packages of horizontal pipes with turbulators, between which a separator is welded a shield, pipes welded at an angle to the direction of gas movement, a heat exchanger door on which an explosive valve is installed, a pipe connecting the flow-through body to the door, a plug for removing deposits, an ash pan with a door, a grate (grates) made of cast iron, a pipe for supplying water to the consumer network, a pipe for draining water, a primary air fan, air supply flaps, a secondary air fan, a secondary air heating chamber, a return water pipe, a chimney cleaning door, a remote control board, an air preheating chamber the primary air, thermally insulating lining, the secondary air feed orifice, the septum.

The disadvantage of the boiler is the lack of stability and the complexity of its manufacture.

Known hot-water solid fuel boiler [RU 2516727 C9, 05.20.2014], comprising a housing, a loading hopper for fuel, sealed on top and limited by a grate below. The combustible gas afterburner is installed behind the fuel loading hopper and is separated from the loading hopper by a vertical partition with a through hole in the lower part of the partition. The specified boiler contains a mechanism for supplying air to the fuel loading hopper, a passageway for flue gas ducts, a chimney bypass damper, a heat exchanger in the form of a tank adjacent to the outer surfaces of the fuel loading hopper and combustible gas afterburner. The passage hole is located at a certain distance from the level of the grate, allowing the thermochemical reaction of combining oxygen of the air with carbon fuel in a layer of charcoal. The heat exchanger is made increasing in volume per unit height, starting from the level of the grate and above. In the zone of the largest volume of the heat exchanger per unit height, smoke tubes pass through the heat exchanger connecting the gas afterburner with the passage channel for flue gases.

The lack of boiler in the lack of stability and efficiency.

The closest technical solution is a Wisman solid fuel boiler for long burning [https://td-viessmann.ru/shop/category/napolnye-tverdotoplivnye-kotly-viessman, DE 202007001959, U1 03/13/2008].

The disadvantages of the boiler are that solid fuel (wood) is jammed in it periodically, it freezes, burns out with an arch, air ducts become clogged. During operation, there is a splitting, scattering of an expensive original nozzle and side primary air ducts. In addition, resins accumulating on the walls lead to jamming of the fuel.

The technical result is an increase in stability and combustion efficiency of a solid fuel gas boiler.

The technical result is achieved using a solid fuel gas boiler containing a loading chamber upper and a combustion chamber lower, upper and lower ducts. At the same time, guides in the form of at least 2 metal strips on each side located perpendicularly with their long side to the inner jacket at the same level with the upper air ducts are located in the loading chamber at the top edges, the air ducts are indented from the inner jacket of the boiler, and the chamber door loading the top is made with a tint in the form of a metal plate in the lower part of the inner side; the primary air supply duct is made of a pipe, in the lower part of which there are openings directed to the center of the nozzle; the door and casing attachment unit is made of several studs with two nuts, one of which is attached to the boiler body, and the second serves as a lock nut for attaching and clamping the casing; the air supply unit includes a removable cover with an opening and a blower fan mounted on it; the anti-smoke gravity shutter consists of a metal sheet with protrusions in the upper part for fastening in the upper part of the opening of the loading chamber upper.

In this boiler, fuel (firewood, fuel briquettes) does not hang, does not fade with an arch, air ducts are not clogged. Due to the bias inside the boiler in the loading opening, the resin does not flow out. The ebb on the door releases the resin flowing down the wall. Thus, the seal on the door does not deteriorate.

In the figure 1 are indicated: 1 - nozzle, 2 - guide for solid fuel, 3 - evaporator, 4 - secondary air supply duct, 5 - primary air supply duct, 6 - hole for the nozzle, 7 - holes for supplying air to the nozzle.

Using the primary air supply duct of the proposed design allows 5 times faster to ignite the boiler. The nozzles directed towards the nozzle increase the efficiency of the boiler, blow ashes into the nozzle, improve combustion and reduce the pollution of the boiler.

Figure 2 shows the duct. 1 - nozzles of the duct.

The door and casing mountings of the solid fuel gas boiler are made of several studs with two nuts, one of which is attached to the boiler casing, and the second serves as a lock nut when attaching and clamping the casing. Two or more studs serve for fastening the door, one or more for closing and fixing.

The mounting node of the doors and the casing of the solid fuel gas boiler is shown in figure 3.

When adjusting the studs used to secure the door hinges, it is removed.

The air supply unit of the solid fuel gas generating boiler includes a removable cover with an opening and a blower fan mounted on it.

The presence of the cover greatly simplifies the cleaning of the ducts of the solid fuel gas boiler.

The figure 4 shows the front of the boiler with a removable cover for the ducts of the solid fuel gas boiler - 8.

The figure 5 shows the front of the boiler with the cover removed from the ducts of a solid fuel gas boiler.

The figure 6 shows the removed cover.

The anti-smoke gravity shutter of a solid fuel gas-generating boiler is made of a metal sheet with projections in the upper part for fastening in the opening of the upper loading chamber.

The shutter works as follows. When loading fuel into the upper part of the loading chamber, the upper curtain rises and lies on solid fuel. When the fuel burns out, the shutter drops and during subsequent laying smoke does not come out.

Example.

The solid fuel gas steel boiler consists of two chambers: the upper loading chamber and the lower combustion chamber. Both cameras have doors. In the lower part of the upper chamber, through two air ducts passing through the outer and inner shirts, the air is pumped by a fan (turbine). Air ducts are located on the left and right 10 mm from the walls of the internal steel jacket of the boiler. Air ducts are made of a rectangular shaped pipe. They have oval-shaped openings directed toward the center of the nozzle.

Under the air ducts with holes, a refractory material made especially of fireclay brick is laid. There is a bias towards the center, that is, to the jet at least 30 ° and not more than 45 °. In the center is a nozzle with three holes with a diameter of 20 mm: located on the sides of the nozzle. In the center of the nozzle there is a rectangular through hole with the following dimensions: width from 10 to 40 mm; length is from 100 to 200 mm. The size depends on the capacity of the boiler.

In the duct, through which air is supplied directly to the nozzle, there is a damper for adjusting the combustion of the flame.

To prevent smokiness of the rooms when adding fuel, an anti-smoke gravity shutter of a solid fuel gas-generating boiler and a kindling flap (bypass) are provided.

Firewood, fuel briquettes, rubber, dung can be used as fuel for a solid fuel gas-generating boiler.

Solid fuel gas boiler operates as follows.

For ignition, small dry chips are pricked. They are placed in the loading chamber to the level of the primary air openings. Open the kindling flap. Lightly moisten the wood with a combustible composition and set fire. As soon as the firewood burns well, the lining in the loading chamber warms up, a few logs are laid and the ignition shutter is closed. Then turn on the fan. A torch should appear in the combustion chamber. Normal gas evolution only begins after the loading chamber is warmed up. At the time of loading, they use only dry wood and do not load the loading chamber by more than one third. After receiving a normal steady flame in the combustion chamber and heating of the lining (bricks of the combustion chamber), the loading chamber can be red-loaded. By air distribution, a stable boiler operation is achieved. A small amount of smoke should escape from the chimney. All emitted gas must be burned. If the color of the flame is white, then there is an excess of air, too much is carried out with it into the pipe. If the color of the flame is red, then there is little air, combustion is incomplete, unburned fuel is deposited on the walls of the chimneys, carried out into the atmosphere, and flows off in the form of condensate. Optimal is the yellow color of the flame.

The composition of the generator gas is carbon monoxide. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure good supply and exhaust ventilation and gas density of the boiler. Do not reduce the cross section of the chimney. When loading firewood, it is necessary to turn off the fan and open the kindling flap. Do not lower the temperature at the outlet of the boiler to less than 65 ° C. Since, because of this, condensation can form in the boiler and, as a result, shorten its service life.

If the temperature of the exhaust gases is too high (more than 150 ° C), turbulators are installed in the convector pipes.

The boiler emits a small amount of smoke during operation. The exhaust complies with Euro-3. Such parameters are achieved through a two-stage combustion of fuel. After the evolution of gas in the first chamber, they pass through the nozzle into the second chamber and completely burn out at a temperature of 1200 ° C.

In a solid fuel gas generating boiler, fuel does not hang, does not fade with an arch, air ducts and nozzles are not clogged. The design of the loading opening contributes to the long-term operation of the seal on the door. During operation of the boiler there is no smoke in the room.

Claims (1)

A solid fuel gas boiler containing a loading chamber upper and a combustion chamber lower, upper and lower air ducts, characterized in that in the loading chamber upper guides are arranged at the edges at least 2 metal strips on each side, fixed perpendicularly with its long side to the inside the jacket is flush with the upper ducts, the ducts are indented from the inner jacket of the boiler, and the door of the top loading chamber is made with a tint in the form of a metal plate in the bottom Asti inside; the primary air supply duct is made of a pipe, in the lower part of which there are openings directed to the center of the nozzle; the door and casing attachment unit is made of several studs with two nuts, one of which is attached to the boiler body, and the second serves as a lock nut for attaching and clamping the casing; the air supply unit includes a removable cover with an opening and a blower fan mounted on it; the anti-smoke gravity shutter consists of a metal sheet with protrusions in the upper part for fastening in the upper part of the opening of the loading chamber upper.

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