RU2619473C1 - Method for producing vermicompost - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method for producing vermicompost consists in preparing the substrate from cattle, horse or pig manure and introducing California red worms of the species Eisenia foetida into the compost-containing substrate. The manure is laid in a box having openings on the lateral sides and in the bottom, is covered with a corrugated film, is poured with the extract containing California red worms microflora and stirred once every 3 days. The trial batch of worms in the amount of 100 pieces is let in. 30 g of fine-grained sand is added onto the compost surface. The rest of the worms in the amount of 200 pieces is let in. The compost is watered 1 time in two days. The process of compost treatment with California red worms lasts 12-14 weeks.

EFFECT: method provides obtaining a non-polluting, high-quality vermicompost.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to obtain valuable fertilizer - vermicompost.

To preserve and restore the fertility of agricultural land soils, vermiculture is widely used - the artificial breeding of specially bred earthworm species and the product of organic waste processing by them to produce high-quality environmentally friendly organic fertilizer - vermicompost.

Due to its structure and high content of humic substances, as well as a large number of beneficial microorganisms, biohumus allows you to restore the soil biocenosis, increase the yield of almost all types of plants, and improve the taste of fruits and vegetables grown with its use. Biohumus (worm compost and vermicompost) is a product of the natural processing of livestock manure and food waste by worms, which is subsequently used in agriculture as a natural fertilizer. It is known that it restores soil fertility and, as a result, productivity increases. The selection of the products obtained is shown by liquid worm compost, bio-earth, vermicompost and worms. Worm coprolites are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic for embryos.

Known methods for producing biohumus, where as substrates use manure, household garbage, residues of wastewater [1].

A known method for the production of vermicompost (RF patent No. 2274628, IPC C05F 3/00), which consists in pre-mixing and biothermal composting of the substrate, including organic cultivators, populating the moistened compost with red California worms of the species Eisenia foetida for processing compost and separating the worms from moistened to 60 65% of vermicompost. The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the use of red California worm Eisenia foetida species in the cold season of the temperate climate zone.

A known method of producing biohumus (RF patent 239137, IPC C05F 3/00). The method consists in introducing a dung worm into a compost-containing substrate. The substrate is obtained by mixing cattle manure with defecate in a ratio of 3: 1 by volume, followed by the inclusion of the resulting mixture in garden soil in equal proportions with the addition of organic filler in an amount of 15% of the substrate, and leaf decay is used as the organic filler.

The well-known biohumus EBG (vermicompost), which is an organic fertilizer, a product of processing earthworms composted cattle manure, contains not only the main plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.), it is also rich in special substances - humic acids [3] .

The disadvantage of these inventions is the long preparation time of the substrate.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the preparation time of the substrate and obtaining high-quality biohumus.

The invention consists in the preparation of a compost-containing substrate from cattle, horses or pigs manure and in the introduction of California red worms of the species Eisenia foetida into a compost-containing substrate, while the manure is laid in a box of 80/40/60 cm in size, with openings on the sides and on the bottom. After that, the box is covered with corrugated film on all sides, watered with a hood containing the microflora of red California worms, and mixed once every 3 days for 7 days, after which in lots of 300 California red Eisenia foetida worms are launched in batches, compost is watered 1 time in two days, while the entire process of compost processing with red California worms is 12-14 weeks.

The method is as follows.

1. Preparation of the initial compost-containing substrate. The basis of the substrate for feeding worms is taken from the dung of cattle, horses or pigs. Manure is laid for 7-10 days in a box (size 80/40/60 cm), which has openings on the sides and on the bottom. Then the box is covered with corrugated film on all sides to provide the necessary microclimate (temperature, humidity). For faster ripening of compost, the substrate is watered with a hood containing the microflora of red California worms, and mixed once every 3 days.

2. The process of processing compost with red California worms. In a pre-prepared box with compost, a trial batch of 100 California red Eisenia foetida worms is launched. Add 30 g of fine sand to the surface of the compost in a plastic box. After testing the medium and accepting it with test worms, the remaining worms (200 pieces) are launched. Compost is watered once every two days to maintain humidity in the boxes at a level of up to 85%, the level of the pH of the medium (pH) -6.8-6.9. The process of processing compost with red California worms is 12-14 weeks.

3. Forcing worms, sifting vermicompost. On the surface of a plastic box with ready-made compost, put a box with pre-prepared compost-containing substrate in accordance with paragraph 1. Only the top box is watered. Worms crawl from the bottom to the top box through holes in the bottom of the latter. Thus, a gradual separation of the finished vermicompost from the mass of worms occurs. In a new box, the bio-humus production process is repeated.

It is proved that worm coprolites are non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic for embryos. Biohumus does not contain weed seeds, has no smell, it is pleasant to hold it in hands. During storage, vermicompost may even dry, but will not lose its qualities.

The results of the agrochemical analysis (agrochemical laboratory of FSBEI HE "Northern Autonomous Okrug of the Urals") of the dry matter of vermicompost according to the invention showed that the total nitrogen content when compared with manure was more than 2 times higher, phosphorus more than three times, potassium 1.5 times. The presence of humic substances necessary for the growth and development of plants in manure is 0%, in vermicompost 28.3%. The analysis of the biohumus hydrogen index is neutral (pH 6.9-7.0), manure acidic (pH 7.6). In experiments with potatoes using vermicompost, harvest increased from 75 to 125 buckets. Sprouts on the soil surface after sowing potatoes in the experimental plots appeared 9 days earlier, the development of the bushes went twice faster, which reduced the overall vegetation period of plants, respectively.

The resulting biohumus is a microbiological fertilizer. Adding it heals the soil, it surpasses manure and composts in humus content by 4-8 times, contains a large number of enzymes, vitamins, soil antibiotics, plant growth hormones and other biologically active substances, does not have a smell. The duration of biohumus is 4-5 years. Unlike manure, vermicompost is not inert - plants react quickly to it

Information sources

1. Pokrovskaya S.F. Using earthworms to process organic waste and increase fertility (vermiculture). M., 1991, p. 7.

2. RF patent No. 2274628, 2006. IPC C05F 3/00.

3. Biohumus - a natural organic fertilizer. EBG Company Booklet, 2015.12 p.

4. RF patent 239137, 2008. IPC C05F 3/00.

Claims (1)

A method of producing vermicompost, including the preparation of a compost-containing substrate from cattle, horses or pigs manure and the addition of California red worms of the species Eisenia foetida to a compost-containing substrate, characterized in that for preparing the compost-containing substrate, the manure is laid for 7-10 days in a 80/40 box / 60 cm, with openings on the sides and at the bottom, covered with a corrugated film on all sides, watered with a hood containing the microflora of red California worms, and mixed once every 3 days, after that a trial batch of 100 red Californian worms of the species Eisenia foetida is launched into the prepared substrate, 30 g of fine-grained sand is added to the compost surface, then the remaining worms are added in the amount of 200 pieces, the compost is watered once every two days, and the process Compost treatment with red California worms is 12-14 weeks.