RU2610238C2 - Firearm barrel (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: firearm barrel contains a chamber and cover. The firearm barrel is manufactured as a stack-mounted. The barrel is enclosed in a cover. The cover and the barrel is connected between each other by the locking washer, the fastening washer, the first block and the second block, spacer plates and the barrel widening into one single element.

EFFECT: improved accuracy of the fire by increasing the barrel stiffness.

11 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to firearms and to other devices for launching solids into the surrounding space.

State of the art

The combination of the barrel and the cartridge determines the ballistic quality of the weapon.

The barrel of a firearm is a container in which the combustion of gunpowder occurs in the shell and its burning out in the barrel of the gun, while the chemical reaction of the combustion of gunpowder turns into mechanical work to move the shell and inform the projectile of translational motion at a certain speed and in a certain direction, as well as rotational motion around the longitudinal axis necessary for a stable flight of the projectile in the air.

Technologically, barrels are complex parts that require large manufacturing costs using expensive barrel steels.

The trunk works in special conditions. It is exposed to high pressure of powder gases having a high temperature, and other random forces.

In connection with the special working conditions of the barrel, special requirements are imposed on it:

- sufficient elastic resistance to the action of powder gases and random forces,

- the absence of significant vibrations adversely affecting the accuracy of shooting,

- the absence of excessive heat, which limits the intensity of the fire,

- a sufficiently high survivability and resistance to mechanical stress of high pressures and temperatures of the powder gases.

The barrel of a firearm can be considered as an elastic system that receives deflection from its own weight from the barrel, from uneven heating of the barrel walls by sunlight, uneven heating of the barrel during firing and other factors, as well as from the action of external forces. As a result of the shot, the barrel receives radial vibrations in the direction of the radius of the barrel, transverse vibrations in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the barrel channel, longitudinal and torsional vibrations.

The nature and magnitude of the fluctuations depends on many factors:

- trunk dyne,

- its transverse dimensions,

- location of the center of mass,

- barrel mount structures in the receiver,

- other factors.

Fluctuations in the barrel and its deflection significantly reduce firing accuracy.

The deflection of the trunk and the external forces acting on it are difficult to take into account when determining the vibrational characteristics of the trunk.

When calculating the trunk take the following calculation scheme:

- a cylindrical rod with one rigidly fixed end (Fig. 16),

- a conical rod with one rigidly fixed end (Fig. 16).

Such a rod has the following types of transverse vibrations:

- oscillations of the first order (20) (the node of these vibrations is at the point of fixation of the end of the barrel) (Fig. 16),

- second-order vibrations (21) (one vibration unit is at the end attachment point, and the second is at a distance of 0.22 L of the barrel length from the free end of the barrel (Fig. 16),

- oscillations of higher orders (22) (Fig. 16).

All vibrations occur mainly in the vertical plane and overlap one another. The angle (θ) (13) of the projectile departure (Fig. 16) from the barrel, relative to its longitudinal axis, depends on the magnitude of the oscillations. Oscillations of the barrel and its deflection have a significant impact on the accuracy of shooting from non-automatic and especially from automatic weapons.

For the mark firing from automatic weapons, it is important that the shells constantly fly out at a certain position of the barrel. What is almost impossible to ensure in the existing barrel design due to the scatter of the initial velocity of the projectile, the weight of the powder charge, the weight of the projectile, the properties of the combustion of gunpowder and other random forces.

When firing from a non-automatic or self-loading automatic weapon, second-order vibrations have the greatest impact on accuracy.

When firing automatic weapons, the accuracy of shooting is significantly affected by fluctuations of the first order.

The ways to reduce the scope of the barrel oscillations and their impact on the accuracy of shooting include:

- barrel design,

- rational choice of barrel length,

- reducing the spread of charge weight, projectile weight, maximum pressure of the powder gases,

- a rational choice of the wall thickness of the barrel and the location of the center of mass,

- rational location of the points of support of the barrel,

- trunk rigidity.

Information used: “Arrangement and design of artillery barrels” Orlov VV, Larman E.K., Malikov V.G., M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1976; "Modern artillery" A.N. Latukhin, 1970; "Designing rocket and barrel systems" B.V. Orlov, Mechanical Engineering, 1974; “Grounds for the design of automatic weapons” A.A. Blagonravov, M., 1940; "The foundations of the device and the design of small arms" Kirillov VM, Penza, 1963; "Basics of small arms" F.K. Babak, St. Petersburg, 2003; Patent for invention No. 2401407. The prototype of the proposal is a patent for an invention No. 2399006.

Disclosure of invention

The barrel of a firearm is an elastic system that, when fired by an external force, comes into oscillatory motion.

The greatest fluctuations in the barrel are exerted by external forces that arise when a shot is fired while the projectile is moving along the barrel — this is the pressure of powder gases, the force of resistance to recoil, the centrifugal force of the projectile.

The listed forces cause bending and torques that act on the barrel and cause its dynamic vibrations along the central axis and in various planes.

The largest amplitude of barrel oscillations occurs in the vertical plane of the barrel.

In order to reduce the magnitude of the amplitude of the oscillations of the barrel (θ) (Fig. 16), it is necessary to increase its rigidity and especially its cantilever part.

With increasing rigidity of the barrel, its natural frequency of oscillation of the barrel increases, and the dynamic bending of the barrel decreases. With a large rigidity of the barrel, it can be considered as an absolutely rigid body. In this case, the projectile exit angle (θ) from the barrel, relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, will be zero.

It has been established by experimental methods that the centrifugal force of the projectile also substantially affects the dynamic bending of the barrel.

In all cases, in order to reduce the projection angle (θ) of the projectile relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, it is necessary to reduce the flexibility of the barrel and increase its rigidity.

Conditionally, according to the stiffness of the trunks, they can be divided into three groups:

- barrel with low rigidity,

- barrel with medium stiffness,

- hard trunk.

Rigid trunks are most suitable for use in firearms, both automatic and non-automatic, since the projectile angle of such trunks, relative to the longitudinal axis of the barrel, tends to zero and therefore it is possible to accurately calculate the external projectile ballistics. Hard trunks can significantly improve the accuracy of firearms.

To increase the rigidity of firearms trunks, it is proposed to change the barrel design. For this, several trunk design options are offered.

The barrel structure (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8) consists of the barrel itself (1) and the casing (3), in the barrel there is a chamber (2 ), the barrel by design has several options.

 1. In order to increase the rigidity of the barrel, it is made composite (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8). The barrel (1) is enclosed in a casing (3). Due to the use of such a barrel design, the moment of inertia of the cross section of the barrel increases significantly, and its rigidity increases significantly. To fix the barrel (1) with respect to the casing (3), a fixing washer (4) is installed (Fig. 10). The lock washer consists of two identical halves. The fixing washer (4) has holes (17). A fastening washer (5) adjacent to the fixing washer (4), consisting of two identical halves (Fig. 9). Fasteners (16) are attached to the fastening washer (5). When assembling the barrel, the clamps (16) of the fastening washer (5) enter the holes (17) of the fixing washer (4), which ensures the geometric immutability of the barrel (1) and the casing (3) (Fig. 15). The longitudinal gaps between the barrel (1), the casing (3), the fixing washer (4), the fastening washer (5) and the broadening of the barrel (9) are selected by wedges, first wedge (6) and second wedge (8), wedges have samples, which are filled with an additional plate (7). Combining the elements of the barrel (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) in one package, wedges (6) are compressed towards each other and (8) this ensures the work of the entire package of barrel elements as one whole element.

2. To fix the elements (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9) in space, they, at the points of contact of the elements, are interconnected using soldering or welding into one integral element.

3. To ensure cooling of the barrel (1) during firing (Fig. 2), coolant is supplied through the feed tube (10) into the cavity (30) located between the barrel (1) and the casing (3). The selection of the heated coolant is carried out through the selection tube (11).

4. For air cooling of the barrel (1) during firing (Fig. 3) in the casing (3) are several rows of holes of the casing (12) located on one straight line.

5. To reduce the estimated length of the barrel (1) (Fig. 4), one or more support broadens (14) are carried out on the barrel (1), which abuts against the casing (3).

6. To reduce the estimated length of the barrel (1) and to cool it with liquid (Fig. 5), one or several broadening is performed on the barrel (14) which abut against the casing (3). For supplying coolant to the cavity (30) between the barrel (1) and the casing (3) there is a supply pipe (10) of coolant. The selection of heated coolant is carried out through a sampling tube (11). To ensure free flow of coolant through the cavity (30) through the reference broadening (14), there are openings (15) in it (Fig. 6).

7. To simplify the manufacturing process for the manufacture of the barrel (1) (Fig. 7), one or several disk-shaped protrusions (31) are formed on the barrel, into which, when assembling the barrel (1) and the casing (3), two fixing half rings ( 18/1) and (18/2) (Fig. 13). The half rings abut against the barrel (1) and the casing (3).

8. To simplify the technological process (Fig. 8) for the manufacture of the barrel (1), one or several protrusions (31) are formed on the barrel, into which, when assembling the barrel (1) and the casing (3), two fixing half rings with an opening ( 19/1) and (19/2). The half rings abut against the barrel (1) and the casing (3). The barrel is cooled by a coolant, which is fed through a supply pipe (10), and the selection of heated coolant is carried out by a selection pipe (11). To ensure free flow of fluid through the cavity (30) in the half rings (19/1), (19/2) there are holes (15) (Fig. 14).

Design diagrams of the barrel structure (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8) are shown in (Fig. 19). The design diagram (27) shows the trunk without supporting broadening (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3). The design diagram (28) shows the barrel with one reference broadening (Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8). The calculation scheme (29) shows a trunk with several support broadening.

In order to further increase the rigidity of the barrel, the barrel (1) is pre-subjected to a tensile force (N) (prestressed). The magnitude of the prestress (N) of the barrel (1) is set such that its value is in the zone of elastic deformation (23) (Fig. 17). The tensile force is transmitted to the casing (3) in which compressive forces arise. The amount of compressive forces in the casing (3) is also located in the zone of elastic deformations (23) (Fig. 17). All these values are selected by calculating and selecting sections of the trunk (1) and casing (3) at the rate of resistance of materials.

The tensile force (N) of the barrel (1) is transmitted through the broadening of the barrel (9) to the casing (3) through the elements (4), (5), (6), (7), (8). Wedges (6) and (8) fix the magnitude of the prestressing trunk (1).

Stretching the trunk is produced in various ways.

The resulting pre-stressed barrel system (1) - casing (3) can be considered as an absolutely rigid body.

The design diagram of this system is shown in (Fig. 18). This is a rod with both ends rigidly sealed (24). The angle of rotation of the ends of the rod relative to the axis is zero, which means that the angle of departure of the projectile from the barrel will also be zero.

On (25) (Fig. 18) shows the design scheme of the barrel with rigidly sealed ends and with one persistent broadening of the barrel. On (26) (Fig. 18) shows the design scheme of the trunk with rigidly sealed ends and several supporting broadening of the trunk.

The design of the barrel, with the design schemes (24), (25), (26), allows you to calculate the barrel as an absolutely rigid body. In this case, it is possible to accurately calculate the external ballistics of the projectile and sharply increase the accuracy of fire from firearms.

In order that the barrel does not have stress concentrators, all its transitions are performed with rounding.

The barrel is inserted into the receiver using interference, thread or wedge.

The proposed barrel designs are suitable for the modernization of trunks adopted for armament of small arms, and are also possible for use in the development of new small arms.

Description of drawings

On (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, Fig. 8) depicts the options for the barrel for a firearm, on (Fig. 6, Fig. 9, Fig. 10 , Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13, Fig. 14, Fig. 15) shows details of the construction of the barrel of a firearm.

On (Fig. 16, Fig. 18, Fig. 19) shows the design scheme of the barrel of a firearm.

On (Fig. 17) shows a diagram of the operation of mild steel in tension.

Where:

- N - tensile or compressive force

- F - initial sectional area of the element

- σ is the normal stress in the element

- ε - elongation in%

- l - initial element length

- Δl - increment of the element length

The drawings show the following details:

1. The trunk

2. The chamber

3. Casing

4. Lock washer

5. Fastening washer

6. Wedge first

7. Additional plate

8. Wedge of the second

9. The extension of the trunk

10. Feed tube

11. Tube selection

12. Casing Hole

13. Departure angle (θ)

14. Support broadening

15. The hole

16. The latch

17. Hole

18. The fixing half ring

19. The fixing half ring with an opening

20. Fluctuations of the first order

21. Second order oscillations

22. High-order oscillations

23. The zone of elastic deformation

24. Tightly sealed rod

25. A rod with rigidly sealed ends and one support.

26. A rod with rigidly sealed ends and with several supports.

27. A rigidly fixed rod with one support.

28. A rigidly sealed rod with two supports.

29. A rigidly sealed rod with several supports.

30. Cavity

31. The protrusion

The implementation of the invention

In the manufacture of a barrel of a firearm, traditional metal processing technologies are used by forging, cold cutting, pressing, stamping, soldering and welding. Technologies are widely used in industry. The claimed design can be reproduced at an industrial enterprise, which indicates its compliance with the criterion of industrial applicability.

Claims (11)

1. The barrel of a firearm, manufactured composite and containing a chamber and a casing, characterized in that the barrel is enclosed in a casing, the casing and the barrel are interconnected by a fixing washer, a fastening washer, the first wedge and the second wedge, additional plates and barrel broadening into one integral element . 2. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements are welded or brazed to each other at the places of their joint adjacency. 3. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that in the casing there is a supply pipe and a coolant extraction pipe. 4. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that in the casing several rows of casing openings are arranged in a straight line. 5. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that on the barrel one or more supporting broadening is carried out, which abut against the casing. 6. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more broadening is carried out on the barrel, which abut against the casing and in which there are openings. 7. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more disk-shaped protrusions are formed on the barrel into which locking half rings are inserted that abut against the barrel and casing. 8. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that one or more disk-shaped protrusions are formed on the barrel, into which fixing half rings are inserted, which abut against the barrel and the casing, there are holes in the fixing half rings. 9. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is subjected to preliminary stretching, and the casing is compressed. 10. The barrel of a firearm under item 1, characterized in that all the transitions of the barrel are rounded. 11. The barrel of a firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel is inserted into the receiver using interference, thread or a wedge.

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