RU2579073C2 - Superstructure building and implementation thereof in reconstruction - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: building superstructure includes a unit, consisting of a cover and walls of floor being built. Cover unit is made in form of prefabricated reinforced concrete enclosure panels, consisting of at least two vertical longitudinal ribs-diaphragms with a curved outline of upper girder, tie beam and folded flange of cover, resting on said rib-diaphragm. Walls of said unit are made in form of panels with variable thickness which increases upwards to a value corresponding to width of support of enclosure panel cover, or in form of a thin wall with vertical reinforced concrete ribs, combined at top with reinforced concrete girder, shape and dimensions of the upper surface of which correspond to shape and geometric dimensions of platform supporting enclosure panels of cover. Method for construction of a superstructure is disclosed.

EFFECT: high reliability.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the supporting structures of superstructed floors and methods for their construction, and can be used, for example, in the reconstruction of mainly civil buildings.

A well-known attic type superstructure of five-story buildings, in particular, developed in the form of unified architectural and construction systems for residential buildings of the first mass series (Unified architectural and construction systems of attic floors for superstructure of reconstructed houses [Text] / Introduction. 1998-10-10. - Develop TSNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko; Central Research Institute of Housing and Residential Housing, 1998). The basis of the constructive solution is the transverse two-span frames, which are based on the supporting structures of the existing part of the building to be built, and structurally on the monolithic reinforced concrete belt located along the upper available ceiling. The geometric shape and number of storeys of the frames corresponds to the accepted options for the transverse profile of the attic floor. Racks and crossbars are provided in two options - from the bent closed welded metal profile and from glued wooden elements. The longitudinal step of the frames is 2.6-3.2 m, the span of the frames is up to 6 m inclusive, the distance between the frames is 6 m (taking into account the location of the intermediate frame between them, supported by longitudinal runs). The spatial rigidity of the structure in this embodiment is provided in the transverse direction by the rigidity of the transverse frames, in the longitudinal direction by the presence of walls of staircases.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the low fire resistance of the materials from which it is proposed to design the attic; a small span and a large height in the ridge of the frame supporting structure and, as a result, a large material consumption and labor input of the assembly. The superstructure also has disadvantages characteristic of the attic floors: the walls are fully or partially tilted, which negatively affects the comfort of a person, the arrangement of furniture, while reducing the amount of space, increasing the cost of heat and waterproofing, installing dormer windows, and an attic space most often unsuitable for operation, including for technical purposes.

Known design of the attic floor, including the outer walls protruding above the floor, the ceiling, rafters, supported on the outer walls and the tightening connecting the supports of the rafters. In support zones, a puff is attached to the distribution element and to each floor slab. In this embodiment of the load-bearing structures of the superstructure floor, a decrease in the height of the load-bearing structure is achieved in comparison with the well-known technical solution of the attic type superstructure of buildings (Unified architectural and construction systems of attic floors for the superstructure of reconstructed houses [Text] / Introduction. 1998-10-10. - Develop. TSNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko; TsNIIEP named after B.S. Mezentsev of the State Committee for Architecture; LLC "FINESKO". - M .: TsNIIEP housing, 1998). (Patent RU 2226595, class EB04B 7/02, E04G 23/02, 2004).

The disadvantages of this known technical solution are the disadvantages characteristic of the attic floors, as well as the low fire resistance of rafter legs, puffs and plates; the need for additional support for the possibility of building a floor over the entire building under reconstruction.

The closest invention to the building superstructure in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is the building superstructure, consisting of walls and coverings, the width and shape of the upper surfaces of which correspond to the width and shape of the support area of the coating (RU 2116417 C1, 1998).

The disadvantages of the device are the restrictions in the organization of the attic space due to the inability to perform large-span frames in the specified technical solution, the low fire resistance of the materials of the supporting frames in the proposed options. Also, this solution is characterized by disadvantages inherent in the attic type floors.

A known method of installation of coating structures from enlarged at the construction site spatial blocks of the coating method of sliding using various means of mechanization. This method is used for the conveyor method of erecting single-story industrial buildings (Technology for the construction of prefabricated buildings [Text]: Textbook / edited by A.A. Afanasyev. - M .: ASV. - 2000. - S. 263-265) mainly with an area from 3000 m ² and more, as well as during the reconstruction of buildings without stopping production. The coating blocks are spatially unchanged systems with dimensions of 12 × 18 ... 36 m in plan, consisting of metal trusses connected by links to the coating disc in the form of a steel profiled flooring along the upper truss belts with a soft roof. The general scheme of work includes assembling blocks using special conductors at zero level, delivering them to the place of lifting, installing a crane or ejector into the guides, sliding into the desired cell in the building. In cases where the units are installed using jib cranes, the assembled coating unit is fed on pneumatic carts together with conductors for enlargement assembly.

The disadvantages of this method is the limited application (for coatings of industrial frame buildings), justified by design features and economic feasibility, the bulkiness of the installation equipment.

There is a method of superstructure of residential and public buildings (patent RU 2101436, class E04G 23/00, 1998), which consists in the execution of a monolithic reinforced concrete belt with guides on the walls of the superstructure floor, disassembly of the roof with the subsequent release of sections of the belt. In this method, the attic is arranged from pre-assembled blocks, which are installed from the end of the building to the roof-free sections of the reinforced concrete belt and moved along the guides to the design position. At the same time, a block of a built-in attic is proposed to be made of a frame with walls and a roof hung on it.

The disadvantage of this method is the limited use caused by the limiting values of the span of the proposed coating structures; relatively low longitudinal rigidity of the frame structural system in this design; temporary instability of the frame at the time of installation in the working position until it is secured by struts, large labor costs for installation work on assembling the block of the superstructure floor.

The closest technical result achieved to the invention, the building superstructure method, is the building superstructure method during reconstruction in urban conditions of four-, five-story long narrow-body houses, including a device outside the longitudinal walls from one of the ends of the building of the installation site, and from the opposite end - of the dismantling platforms, along the parapets along the building, lay temporary guides on which the roof crane is mounted. Then, from the side of the installation site, cover plates are dismantled, temporary guides and parapets are sequentially dismantled, permanent guides are laid along the building above its load-bearing walls. The assembly sections of the superstructure are assembled at the assembly site in the form of volumetric structural elements and are successively moved by means of traction winches installed on the dismantling platform to the building. Each subsequent block section rests on the previous one, connect them to each other, and the assembled floor is fixed by monopolizing the rollers with constant guides.

The disadvantages of this method are the limited scope (narrow-body extended buildings with a height of 4-5 floors), significant laboriousness caused by the need to install an installation site with a height equal to the height of the building to be built, difficulties in ensuring design accuracy of structural elements, increased risk of installation work during enlargement of structural units sections.

The problem to which the invention is directed in the form of a superstructure method is to increase the useful area and volume of a building of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance by a span of up to 24 m without additional supports, with the possibility of using the attic space, to carry out the superstructure without decommissioning the existing building; increasing the accuracy of the design position of prefabricated elements, ensuring the spatial rigidity of the enlarged unit for the period of its installation, reducing the time, complexity and cost of supporting structures of the building superstructure.

The problem to which the invention is directed in the form of a device is achieved by the fact that in a superstructure of an existing building, including load-bearing walls and the overlapping or covering of the upper residential or technical floor of an existing building, wall structure and coating of the superstructure, in contrast to the prototype, the superstructure coating consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete shell panels, single-layer or multilayer panel walls, the width and shape of the upper surfaces of which correspond to the width and shape of the supporting platform of the shell panels to cover; panel walls are made with holes or monolithic parts in places of attachment to a temporary fixture for assembly, the cover-shell panels consist of at least two vertical longitudinal ribs-diaphragms with a curved outline of the upper belt, a tightening and a folded shelf of the coating, supported on the ribs-diaphragms.

The wall panel of the superstructure can be made of variable thickness with an increase in thickness up to a value corresponding to the width of the support of the cover-shell panel.

The wall panel of the superstructure can be made in the form of a thin wall with vertical reinforced concrete ribs of variable cross-section, combined on top of the reinforced concrete belt, the shape and dimensions of the upper surface of which correspond to the shape and geometric dimensions of the support area of the coating panels.

The problem to which the invention is directed in the form of a method is achieved by the fact that the method of building a building includes performing over the load-bearing walls of an existing building at the level of the upper floor of a monolithic reinforced concrete belt with rails, assembling at a zero level outside the building of building blocks of the building, raising the building blocks of the building, followed by their installation in the design position, the connection of the superstructure blocks with each other, fixing the assembled superstructure with the existing building, and the superstructure block consists of a wall block, made of enlarged with the help of a temporary fixture installed opposite each other at a distance equal to the span of the superstructure of wall panels made with variable thickness increasing upwards, or with vertical reinforced concrete ribs united on top of the reinforced concrete belt, and from a coating block made of enlarged reinforced concrete panels - shells, consisting of at least two vertical longitudinal ribs-diaphragms with a curved outline of the upper belt, tightening and folded shelf shelves, supported by the diaphragm ribs, the enlargement of the enlarged wall block is carried out with a temporary fixture and installed on rails with movement to the design position, then the enlarged enlarged coating block is lifted and installed on the corresponding enlarged wall block with the formation of the superstructure block, while the temporary fixtures are dismantled before installation coating blocks for assembling the next wall block at zero.

The enlarged end blocks of the walls of the superstructure or the blocks of the walls of the superstructure with stiffness diaphragms can be made by fixing on a temporary fixture for assembling additional wall elements in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal walls.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a general view of a building to be built (fragment) with an enlarged enlarged block of superstructure walls;

in FIG. 2 is a general view of a building to be built in (fragment) with an enlarged enlarged superstructure block installed after installing the coating block on the superstructure wall block;

in FIG. 3 - a general view of the building to be built (fragment) after installing the end block of the superstructure to the design position and dismantling temporary devices for its assembly, after installing the next enlarged superstructure block;

in FIG. 4 - a general view of a custom building (fragment) with a mounted enlarged end block of the superstructure (option),

in FIG. 5 is a general view of the cover panel;

in FIG. 6 - wall panel of variable thickness with increasing thickness up (option);

in FIG. 7 - wall panel with vertical reinforced concrete ribs (option).

In FIG. 1 - FIG. 4 lifting and other mounting mechanisms are conditionally not shown.

An add-in device for an existing building includes load-bearing walls 2 and an overlapping or covering 1 of the upper residential or technical floor, panel walls 4 and cladding panels of the cover 5 of the superstructure. Panel walls and cover panels of the coating may contain embedded parts for connection with each other. In order to reduce the material consumption, the panel walls can be made of a continuous section of variable thickness with an increase in thickness up to a value corresponding to the width of the support panel-shell coating. In order to reduce material consumption and weight, panel walls can be made in the form of a thin wall 14 with vertical ribs 13, which can be connected to each other using transverse ribs, if required by calculation. Vertical ribs 13 are united on top by a reinforced concrete belt 12, on which the cover-shell panels rest directly on the cement-sand mortar layer. The cover panels of the coating 5 are based on the panel walls 4 of the superstructure through a layer of cement-sand mortar or a similar solution, and can also be connected by welding of mounting products to the corresponding embedded parts. Sheath panels of coating 5 are assembled at the construction site from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of factory manufacture: from longitudinal ribs-diaphragms 9 with a curved outline of the upper belt, puff 10, and a folded shelf of the coating. The shelf of the shell panel is made in the form of lamellar single-layer reinforced concrete or layered elements rectangular in plan 11, which are mated on top with curved or broken upper belts of the diaphragms 9, thereby forming a folded surface of the shell panel. Shell panels are interconnected by welding on embedded parts, while the seams between the upper belts of the diaphragm are filled with concrete.

To implement the superstructure method, the monolithic belt with constant guides 3 at the level of the top of the covering or flooring disk 1 is made over the longitudinal longitudinal walls 2 of the reconstructed building. In reconstructed non-attic buildings, as well as in buildings with a technical floor without dismantling, the superstructure floor will be arranged on slabs during reconstruction coverings 1. If it is necessary to dismantle the structures of the technical floor, the superstructure floor will be arranged on floor slabs 1 above the upper floor of the existing building.

At zero elevations, an enlarged block of walls and enlarged blocks of the cover of the superstructure are assembled independently from each other.

The enlarged block of walls is assembled from wall panel elements 4. The wall elements of 4 opposite longitudinal walls are fixed in a vertical position at a distance equal to the span of the superstructure, on a temporary fixture for assembly 7. The enlarged end blocks of the walls of the superstructure or blocks of the walls of the superstructure with diaphragms of rigidity can be made by fastening on a temporary fixture for assembling additional wall elements 8 in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal walls.

Temporary device for assembly 7 is a spatial unchanged system of metal elements, on the bottom of which rollers or wheels are located to allow the device to move.

In the manufacture of wall panels 4 provide holes in them or lay the details in the form of releases of reinforcement or plate metal elements. In the manufacture of wall panels 4 with vertical ribs 13, holes or parts can be made in vertical ribs 13. At the bottom of the wall panels 4, holes are made in the manufacture of the holes for subsequent passage through them of metal rods to fix the axes of the rollers or wheels, or reinforcing outlets with the same purpose.

To fix the vertical position of the wall elements 4 and to ensure the geometric immutability of the enlarged block of walls during installation, the wall elements 4 are attached to a temporary fixture for assembly 7 using a bolted connection.

An enlarged coating unit — the panel-shell of the coating 5 — is assembled at zero points using stationary assembly devices in the form of stands, conductors, or similar devices. At zero marks, a roofing carpet with insulation and other insulating layers can also be made.

The enlarged block of walls together with a temporary fixture for assembly 7 is installed on the rails using a lifting mechanism 3. The lifting mechanism is installed on the side of the building. The enlarged coating blocks - coating shell panels 5 - are mounted on the installed wall block. After connecting the blocks to each other, the enlarged enlarged block of the superstructure is moved using winch-type traction mechanisms along the guides 3 to the design position and temporary block position locks are installed. Then, the temporary fixture for assembling the 7 block of walls is dismantled.

In the same way, the remaining blocks of the add-in are installed. Each subsequent superstructure block is abutted into the previous one and the adjacent superstructure blocks are connected to each other by monoling the seam between them and welding the mounting products to the corresponding embedded parts.

In the process of completing the building superstructure, the roof of the reconstructed building is disassembled.

Due to the fact that the lifting and traction mechanisms, as well as the installation sites are located at the ends of the building, the superstructure of the building is possible without resettlement of all residents. The use of reinforced concrete elements as a superstructure allows the use of the indicated technical solution in the form of a superstructure for buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance. The use of lightweight panels-shells of the coating allows to carry out the superstructure of buildings with a span of up to 24 m, while lifting mechanisms with a large carrying capacity and a large outreach are not required. The use of temporary fixtures for assembling a wall block makes it possible to ensure the spatial rigidity of the enlarged block for the period of its installation, as well as to increase the accuracy of the design position of prefabricated elements.

The indicated features of the superstructure device in a single combination provide an increase in the usable area and volume of the building of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance with a span of up to 24 m without additional supports with the possibility of using the attic space, reducing the material consumption of the supporting structures.

The indicated features of the superstructure device in a single combination provide an increase in the usable area and volume of the building with a span of up to 24 m without the installation of additional supports, the implementation of the superstructure without decommissioning the existing building; increasing the accuracy of the design position of prefabricated elements, ensuring the spatial rigidity of the enlarged unit for the period of its installation, reducing the time, complexity and cost of building superstructure.

Claims (3)

1. The superstructure of an existing building, consisting of load-bearing walls and the overlapping or covering of the upper residential or technical floor, comprising a block consisting of a coating and walls of a superstructure floor, characterized in that the block coating is made in the form of a precast concrete panel-shell, consisting of at least two vertical longitudinal ribs-diaphragms with a curved outline of the upper belt, the tightening and folded shelf shelves, supported on the ribs-diaphragms, and the walls of the block are made in the form of panels made with variable thickness, increasing upward to a value corresponding to the width of the support of the cover-shell panel, or in the form of a thin wall with vertical reinforced concrete ribs joined together on top by a reinforced concrete belt, the shape and dimensions of the upper surface of which correspond to the shape and geometric dimensions of the support area of the cover-shell panels. 2. The method of building superstructure, including the execution on the load-bearing walls of the existing building at the level of the upper floor of the monolithic reinforced concrete belt with guides, assembling superstructure blocks at the zero level outside the building, raising the superstructure blocks with their subsequent installation in the design position, connecting the superstructure blocks to each other fixing the assembled superstructure with the existing building, characterized in that the superstructure block consists of a wall block made of enlarged using a temporary device opposite each other at a distance equal to the span of the superstructure of wall panels made with a variable thickness increasing upwards, or with vertical reinforced concrete ribs united on top of the reinforced concrete belt, and from a coating block made of enlarged reinforced concrete shell panels consisting of at least two vertical longitudinal ribs-diaphragms with a curved outline of the upper girdle, puffs and folded shelf shelves, supported on the ribs-diaphragms, the enlargement of the enlarged block of walls is carried out pour with a temporary fixture and install it on the rails with moving to the design position, then raise the enlarged coating block and install it on the corresponding enlarged wall block with the formation of the superstructure block, while the temporary fixtures are dismantled before the installation of the coating blocks to assemble the next wall block at zero . 3. The method of building superstructure according to claim 4, characterized in that the enlarged end blocks of the walls of the superstructure or the blocks of the walls of the superstructure with diaphragms of rigidity are performed by fixing on the temporary fixture for assembling additional wall elements in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal walls.

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