RU2535739C1 - Method of growing green fodder mass on substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises placement of seeds on trays located in multitiered racks, sprinkling the seeds with a nutrient solution, their germination under a cover material without supplementary lighting and light growing the green, before placement of the seeds on the trays the substrate is laid of shredded meadow hay weight of which makes 25÷30% of the weight of the seeds, on the top of the substrate the seeds are placed evenly based on 2÷2.5 kg of seeds per 1 m², a disinfecting solution is poured for 15÷20 minutes with full coverage of the seeds, the disinfecting solution is discharged, the seeds are irrigated once with a nutritious vermi-solution, the seeds are covered on the surface with a polythene film and germinated for 24-36 hours without irrigation, and then an air layer of 15÷20 cm is created between the seeds and the polythene film for the next 48÷60 hours with irrigation twice a day with the vermi-solution, the film is removed, and the green is grown with lighting during 120÷144 hours. Biofungicide PLANRIZ is added to the vermi-solution, the disinfecting solution is used as 1% solution of potassium permanganate, irrigation is carried out by flooding.

EFFECT: improvement of seed germination, increase in the yield of biomass with an increased content of vitamins.

2 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for use in the field of agriculture, namely for the cultivation of green feed by hydroponics.

Growing hydroponic green mass is an opportunity to get a balanced, full-fledged diet enriched with vitamins throughout the year.

A typical method of growing hydroponic green fodder is known (Yu.A. Kruglyakov, Equipment for the continuous cultivation of green fodder hydroponically. M: Agropromizdat, 1991. 92 pp.), Including the preparation of seed material, germination, followed by its placement in a germination plant with a substrate (or without substrate) and cultivation to obtain green mass.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of nutrient solutions based on mineral fertilizers without natural biostimulants that accelerate seed germination, which does not allow to obtain a significant yield of feed biomass with high biological properties.

A known method of growing hydroponic green fodder (patent RU No. 2189734, IPC A01G 31/00), including laying seeds in sieves with pallets, preparing seeds, germinating on sieves with irrigation tap water, growing under sieves in trays with humic solution irrigation trays.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of stimulant means of germination in tap water, which reduces the germination and speed of seed germination. In addition, the absence of a sheltering stage during the germination period leads to periodic drying of the upper layer, which also ultimately reduces the yield of feed biomass, and reduces its quality.

There is also known a method for the production of hydroponic fresh feed, adopted as a prototype (patent RU No. 2264705, A01G 31/00), which includes the unfolding of seeds with a layer of 18 ÷ 20 mm placed on multi-tier racks of biopallets with a bottom inclined to the horizon, irrigation of seeds heated to 60 ÷ 65 ° C with water, their germination under a layer of crushed sphagnum bog leaf-stem dry moss without illumination and the growth of greenery in the light with irrigation with a nutrient solution. The disadvantages of the prototype method are as follows:

- does not provide for the use of natural biostimulants at the stage of seed germination;

- already after 3-4 times washing with a hot solution, the moss significantly loses aseptic properties, which can lead to the development of microflora and a decrease in the nutritional value of the feed;

- a decrease in the dry matter mass content in green feed compared to grain;

- draining the nutrient solution at the end of each irrigation into the sewer increases the consumption of reagents, and therefore leads to a rise in the cost of green feed.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the germination of seeds and thereby increase the yield of biomass with a high content of vitamins.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of growing green fodder mass, which includes laying the seeds on pallets placed in multi-tier racks with a bottom inclined to the horizon for drainage, irrigating the seeds with a nutrient solution, germinating them under cover material without illumination, and growing greenery in the light, unlike the prototype, before laying the seeds on pallets, lay a substrate of ground hay meadow weighing 25 ÷ 30% of the mass of seeds, seeds are laid out uniformly on top of the substrate at a rate of 2 ÷ 2.5 kg of seeds per 1 m ² , fill with a disinfectant solution for 15 ÷ 20 minutes with a full coating of seeds, pour out the disinfectant solution, irrigate the seeds once with a nutritious vermi-solution, cover the seeds on the surface with plastic wrap and germinate for 24 ÷ 36 hours without watering, then create an air layer of 15 ÷ 20 cm between the seeds and the plastic film for the next 48 ÷ 60 hours with irrigation twice a day with a vermichore solution, remove the film and grow greens under lighting for 120 ÷ 144 hours.

In addition, unlike the prototype, the proposed method uses 1% potassium permanganate solution as a disinfecting solution, add the PLANRIZ biofungicide to the vermachine solution (TU 9291-012-00494172-98), irrigate it with a vermist solution by flooding.

The choice of substrate mass 25 ÷ 30% of the seed weight provides the necessary dry matter content in the green fodder mass. Hay is cut into pieces of 2–5 cm. Large pieces of hay do not negatively affect the biomass yield, but have a drawback: the substrate from it is not densely packed into the container and, as a result, the grain is unevenly distributed over its surface. A shorter length of hay does not provide good adhesion to the root formation. The seeding rate was determined empirically: a smaller number of seeds leads to irrational use of the vegetation surface, i.e. a decrease in biomass yield per unit area, and an increase in the seeding rate worsens the air supply in the basal layer, which leads to diaper rash and mold development, which means that it deteriorates the quality of the feed and its safety. Shelter with plastic wrap creates the necessary humidity and temperature conditions for seed germination and does not allow drying of the top layer of seeds, which ensures uniform germination of the entire bulk layer. The creation of an air layer between the film and the sprouted seeds stimulates the growth of green fodder mass, provides seedlings with the necessary amount of air, reduces the excess moisture under the film, which prevents the mold of hay substrate. As a nutrient solution, a vermicelliure solution enriched with natural phytohormones is used, which positively affects the growth energy and seed germination. The solution is prepared by the combined method, including the extraction of organic substances from vermicompost 0.1 and an alkali solution when exposed to ultrasound with a frequency of 19 ÷ 22 kHz and an intensity of 1.5 ÷ 2 W · cm ^-2 for 4 ÷ 6 minutes, followed by neutralization with acid to pH 5 , 5 ÷ 6 units (Stolbovaya EI. Technology for the preparation of irrigation solutions // Technique in agriculture, No. 3, 2011. P.30-31). Irrigation by flooding with complete draining of the water solution at the end of each irrigation ensures reliable operation of the irrigation system and air access to the root system. Non-exchange vermicolor is used throughout the growing cycle.

The use of a vermi-solution with the addition of the PLANRIZ biofungicide allows increasing seed germination due to the content of natural biostimulants in the solution and accelerating seed germination due to elements such as potassium and phosphorus. In addition, the beneficial microflora of the PLANRIZ preparation inhibits the development of phytopathogenic microorganisms, improves the mineral nutrition regime and produces growth regulators.

The drawing shows a General view of the installation that implements the method. The installation consists of racks 2 and shelves 6 fixed on them, on which the pallets-germinators are installed 3. The pallets-generators 3 are installed with a slope and have drain holes 5 in the bottom for draining the irrigation solution. The lower pick-up pan is connected by a pipeline to a container for collecting solution 1. The tank 1 is connected through a pipe 8 to a pump with a container for supplying a solution 4, from which the solution is also fed through a pipe 7 to the upper pick-up tray 3.

The method is as follows. The meadow hay substrate is placed in the pallets-germinators 3, grain is evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The drain holes 5 are closed with lids, a disinfectant solution is supplied with a hose to the pallets-pickers 3 with a hose, after 15 ÷ 20 minutes the holes 5 are opened and the solution is drained by gravity into the container 1 (removable, the disinfectant is drained from it into the sewer, and the container is returned). Vermi solution is fed into the pallets-germinators 3, which merges by gravity through open holes 5, passes through all the pallets-germinators 3 and is collected in a container 1. Seeds on the surface are closed with a plastic film, germinated without irrigation and illumination. After 24 ÷ 36 hours, the film rises to the height of the pallet-germinator 3 (20 cm). After each irrigation of grain in pallets, the vermi-solution is pumped from tank 1 to the tank for supplying solution 4. Watering is carried out 2 times a day with the solution completely drained for 48 ÷ 60 hours. Then remove the film and grow greens under lighting for 120 ÷ 144 hours. Vermira solution is used during the whole cycle of growing green fodder mass without replacement.

Example. Prepared meadow hay was distributed over the surface of the sowing pan based on the calculation of 400 g of hay (dry) per 0.72 m ² . Chelyaba-2 wheat seeds weighing 2 kg were evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate, treated with 1% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, irrigated with a solution of vermins, and germinated under a film for 36 hours. In the period of preliminary germination, irrigation was not performed. After 36 hours, the film was lifted to a height of 20 cm (the height of the walls of the pallet) and the seedlings were irradiated with sunlight and artificial light, the daylight was 12 hours. The illumination was carried out by fluorescent lamps. Irrigation was carried out twice a day by the method of flooding with the complete draining of the solution from the plant between the irrigations. Germination time was 132 hours. With this method, the height of the seedlings was 23–25 cm, and the biomass yield was 11.4–11.7 kg. Nutritional increase indicators are given in the table.

Table
Analysis of the composition of hydroponic green feed No.
p / p The indicator per 100 g of vegetative mass The value of the indicator * I option II option III option one chlorophyll a 21.84 17.00 8.50 2 chlorophyll b , 8.33 6.21 3.24 3 carotenoids 6.99 5.33 2.72 four pigment index 1.78 1.81 1.85 5 Nitrates, mg / kg 300 350 170 * I option - proposed technology;
Option II - growing GZK on a Chesnokov-Bazyrina nutrient solution;
Option III - growing GZK on water.

The result of using the proposed method for growing green fodder mass is an increase in seed germination, which ultimately increases the biomass yield, the biological usefulness of the grown fodder mass and the efficiency of using green fodder in the nutrition of farm animals.

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing green fodder mass, including the unfolding of seeds on pallets placed in multi-tier racks, irrigation of seeds with a nutrient solution, their germination under cover material without illumination and the growth of greenery in the light, characterized in that before laying the seeds on the pallets, a substrate of crushed hay is laid meadow mass of 25 ÷ 30% of the seed weight, seeds are spread evenly over the substrate at the rate of 2 ÷ 2.5 kg of seeds per 1 m ² , pour in a disinfectant solution for 15 ÷ 20 minutes with a full coating of seeds, cl they pump the disinfectant, irrigate the seeds once with a nutritious vermichloride, cover the seeds on the surface with a plastic film and germinate for 24-36 hours without watering, then create an air layer of 15 ÷ 20 cm between the seeds and the plastic film for the next 48 ÷ 60 hours with irrigation twice a a day with a vermix solution, remove the film and grow greens under lighting for 120 ÷ 144 hours. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bio-fungicide PLANRIZ is added to the vermi-solution, a 1% potassium permanganate solution is used as a disinfectant, irrigation is carried out by the flooding method.

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