RU2524286C1 - Staroverov's barrel (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed barrel represents a partially or completely composite duplex design. Barrel inner pipe is made of material with higher thermal expansion factor. Outer barrel pipe is made of material with lower thermal expansion factor and higher heat conductivity. In compliance with another version, this barrel is a triplex design. Barrel inner pipe is made of material with the highest thermal expansion factor. Outer pipe is made of material with better heat conductivity. In compliance with another version, mid pipe is made of material with the worst heat conductivity. In compliance with another version, this barrel is a four-layer design. Barrel inner pipe is made of material with the highest thermal expansion factor. Outer ribbed pipe is made of material with the highest heat conductivity.

EFFECT: reduced barrel ID thermal expansion.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to firearms - artillery and small arms.

Famous "Long-range weapon of Staroverov", US Pat. No. 2391617, in which the barrel remains straightforward by force. However, this does not protect him from thermal expansion and decrease in this case, the initial velocity of the bullet or projectile, range and accuracy of the shot.

The objective and technical result of the invention is the reduction or complete cessation of thermal expansion of the inner diameter of the barrel.

OPTION 1. For this, the barrel is fully or partially made integral (with or without interference), that is, the pipe in the pipe without a gap, the inner pipe of the barrel made of material with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the outer pipe of material with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion .

When heated, the inner tube of the barrel will tend to expand more than the outer tube allows, and will be crimped in the opposite direction.

In addition to the listed basic requirements for the materials of both pipes, there are also desirable additional requirements. The material of the inner pipe, of course, should have good scoring resistance, a low coefficient of friction on the material of the leading belt of the bullet or projectile (so it will heat less), heat resistance and, possibly, good thermal conductivity (in order to warm itself up and remove excess heat from the barrel’s inner surface) . And the material of the outer pipe must have poor thermal conductivity in order to remain cold for as long as possible, and in the established thermal regime - to have a large temperature gradient between its outer and inner surfaces, that is, to have a lower average temperature.

Roughly the wall thickness of the inner pipe to the wall thickness of the outer pipe should be referred to as 1: 4 - 1: 2. The calculation is recommended to be performed by the method of successive approximation.

OPTION 2. A three-layer barrel will have the best characteristics, the inner pipe of which is made of a material with a high coefficient of thermal expansion, and the middle and outer pipe - of a material with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, but, in addition, the middle pipe - of a material with poor thermal conductivity, and external - with good thermal conductivity.

Such a design will provide all the advantages of the previous design, but the outer pipe will remain cold even longer, as it will be poorly heated and will well dissipate heat into the atmosphere. And the middle pipe in this design will have a lower temperature, since it will be cooled by the outer pipe. But it is clear that the colder the middle and outer pipes, the less they will expand and the better they will compress the inner pipe.

OPTION 3. A four-layer barrel, the inner pipe of which is made of a material with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the two middle ones of a material with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, but, in addition, the second from the center of the pipe, from a material with poor thermal conductivity, will have the best characteristics. and the third from the center - with good thermal conductivity, and the outer pipe is made of material with even greater thermal conductivity and has fins.

The first three pipes from the center can be made of various steels and alloys, for example, iron, titanium, tungsten-molybdenum-vanadium, etc., and the outer pipe in this embodiment can be made of copper or aluminum (depending on weight requirements ) The meaning of this option is that the two middle layers have an even lower temperature than in option 2, since the wall of the third from the center of the pipe (the wall - hereinafter “the layer”) is well cooled.

OPTION 4. An intermediate variant between 1 and 3 is possible, that is, the barrel is fully or partially made of a three-layer composite (with or without interference), that is, the pipe in the pipe without clearance, the inner pipe of the barrel made of material with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, the middle pipe - from a material with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and the outer pipe - from a material with relatively high thermal conductivity (copper or aluminum).

In addition, the presence of two or more pipes can be used to obtain a composite barrel. That is, the pipes can be connected with an interference fit. And all 3 of 4.

EXAMPLE: we consider a barrel with a caliber of 200 mm made according to option 1 and having an inner layer 10 mm thick and an outer layer 30 mm thick. That is, the total wall thickness is 40 mm, and the outer diameter of the barrel is 280 mm. See Figs. 1, 2, 3. Fig. 1 shows the initial position of the layers (that is, the walls of the pipes), where: O is the center of the trunk (longitudinal axis), AB is the inner layer, VG is the outer layer (the dashed cross shows the ribbing) .

Figure 2 shows the position that the layers would occupy upon heating, and non-uniformly — the inner layer has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion and a higher temperature than the outer one. Therefore, its outer boundary would expand to point B, while the inner boundary of the outer layer would expand only to point B (it can be seen in FIG. 2 that the layers in the free state would overlap each other). But the layers abut one another, and therefore the outer layer will compress the inner one in a 3: 1 ratio to the previous or close position A, see Fig. 3. Thus, the inner diameter of the barrel will remain approximately constant.

Figure 4 shows a four-layer trunk, where: 1 - the inner pipe, 2 - the second from the center of the barrel, 3 - the third from the center, 4 - the fourth from the center. It works the same way.

Claims (4)

1. The barrel, fully or partially made of a composite two-layer, the inner tube of the barrel is made of a material with a large coefficient of thermal expansion, and the outer pipe is made of a material with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion, characterized in that the outer pipe is made of a material with better thermal conductivity. 2. A barrel, characterized in that it is fully or partially made of a three-layer composite, the inner tube of the barrel made of a material with the highest coefficient of thermal expansion of these three layers, and the outer tube of a material with the best of these three layers of thermal conductivity. 3. The barrel, characterized in that it is fully or partially made of a composite three-layer, and the inner pipe is made of the material with the highest coefficient of thermal expansion of these three layers, the middle one is made of the material with the worst of these three layers of thermal conductivity, and the outer one is made of the material with the best of three layers of thermal conductivity. 4. A barrel, characterized in that it is completely or partially made of a composite four-layer, the inner pipe made of a material with the largest of these four layers, the coefficient of thermal expansion, and the outer pipe made of a material with the largest of these four layers of thermal conductivity and has fins.

Images