RU2493398C2 - Method to produce thrust - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: method to produce thrust consists in supply of a fuel mixture into a chamber, realisation of a detonation process of fuel burning in an intermittent mode. The outer wall of the chamber is closed with a microporous plate, which is arranged between two perforated metal plates. The microporous plate is made into several layers from different materials and with different porosity, with twisting capillaries, the fuel mixture is supplied under pressure. The detonation process of fuel combustion is realised near the outer wall, for instance, with a laser beam.

EFFECT: method considerably simplifies and cheapens process of thrust production, makes it possible to create universal devices.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of engines and propulsors and can be used to move various objects, such as aircraft, as well as land or water vehicles, in construction, during loading and unloading, in military equipment, in emergency situations, in the agricultural industry, etc.

In addition, the low velocity of propagation of the flame front with stoichiometric ratios of fuel and air imposes restrictions on the possibility of obtaining thrust without the use of special devices such as internal combustion engines, gas turbine engines, etc.

A known method of reusable laser ignition of rocket fuel mixtures (patent RU No. 2406863, F02K 9/93, 12/20/2010), which consists in the fact that the fuel mixture in a rocket engine is ignited using a laser, for which its energy is transmitted through a fiber combustion chambers.

The disadvantages of this method is that for its implementation it is necessary to have a rocket engine proper with a combustion chamber, where the fuel mixture is burned in a stoichiometric ratio with the corresponding burning rate, the output end of the fiber introducing laser radiation into the combustion chamber in a high temperature zone, as a result of which there is a need for a mechanism for its supply, as well as the fact that it is impossible to provide a more efficient and economical detonation mode of combustion of the fuel mixture.

The closest in technical essence is the method of producing thrust (patent RU 2179254, MK F02K 7/04, publ. 02/10/2002), which consists in the fact that the fuel mixture is fed into the semi-closed detonation resonant chamber of the traction device and the detonation combustion process is performed in a pulsed mode .

The disadvantage of this invention is the design complexity, limited use.

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, and also greatly simplifies and cheapens the process of creating traction, makes it possible to create universal devices.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that the method of producing thrust, which consists in feeding the fuel mixture into the chamber, performing the detonation process of burning fuel in a pulsating mode, according to the invention, the outer wall of the chamber is closed with a microporous plate, it is placed between two perforated metal plates, while the microporous the plate is made in several layers of different materials and different porosity, with winding capillaries, the fuel mixture is supplied under pressure, and the detonation process Zhiganov fuel is carried out near the outer wall, such as a laser beam.

In addition, the microporous plate is made of fine mesh or porous ceramics.

Microturbulators and swirls are made on the outer wall of the chamber.

Lightly detonating components, for example, hydrogen, are added to the fuel mixture.

In contrast to the prototype, directed force or traction is created by the organization of repeated explosions in the immediate vicinity of the surface restricting the distribution of combustion products and waves of increased pressure, for which purpose in a chamber, for example a plane, from which a combustible mixture, gas or liquid fuel enters directly into the combustion zone, the wall , which accepts the pressure of the explosion, is made of a microporous plate, for example, of a fine mesh or porous ceramic; in this case, a pre-prepared combustible mixture, gas or liquid fuel, is supplied under pressure to the chamber, and from the outside of the wall, the combustible finished mixture or formed as a result of mixing gas or liquid fuel with an air flow outside the wall is undermined, for example, by a laser beam.

In order for the peak pressure from the explosion to be minimal, and the pressure force on the wall to be more uniform, the detonated portions of the combustible mixture should be minimal, and the frequency of their detonation should be maximum, which allows modern laser systems.

A diagram of an embodiment of the proposed method is represented by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a cross-section of the device along aa,

figure 2 shows a top view.

The device consists of a chamber 1, which is closed by a microporous plate 2 located between the perforated plates 3, a laser light guide 4.

The method is as follows. The gas-air fuel mixture is supplied under pressure into the chamber 1, which is pressed through the capillaries of the microporous plate 2, goes outside, where it is undermined, for example, by a laser beam through the light guide 4, creating a pressure pulse on the microporous plate 2. Due to the high hydroresistance of the capillaries of the microporous plate 2 and small The duration of the pressure pulse increased pressure does not pass into the chamber. To protect the microporous plate 2 from destruction, it is placed between two perforated metal plates 3 of sufficient strength.

To prevent detonation of the gas-air mixture inside the chamber 1, the microporous plate 2 can be made in several layers of different materials and different porosities with winding capillaries.

In the embodiment, when not gas-air mixture is supplied to chamber 1, but pure gas or liquid fuel, mixing with air takes place outside of chamber 1, microturbulators and swirlers should be made on its outer surface, where gas or liquid fuel leaves.

To lower the detonation threshold of the fuel mixture, lightly detonating components or ultrafine powders of substances absorbing laser radiation, for example, carbon, can be added to it.

The initiation of detonation of the gas-air mixture can be produced by any known method - shock, electric spark or laser, depending on the purpose and design of the device.

Since the detonation pulse time is measured in fractions of a microsecond, even with a pulse repetition rate measured in kilohertz, the time interval between the pulses is sufficient to accumulate charge on the outer surface of the plate 2 and cool its surface; in this case, individual pulses merge into a constant thrust, and the fuel is throttled by capillaries to the outer surface of the plate almost continuously even at a low fuel supply pressure compared to the average integral external pressure.

Thanks to this method of locking by means of hydroresistance of the capillary structure of the plate, it becomes possible to get rid of valves, nozzles, resonance chambers, detonation pipes, etc.

Thus, the engine operating according to the proposed method becomes extremely simple and degenerates into a flat structure with minimum dimensions in the direction of thrust. The magnitude of the thrust of such an engine depends on the surface area on which the pulses of explosions act, and the average integral pressure on this surface, which depends on the magnitude and frequency of these pulses. The magnitude and frequency of the pulses depend on the fuel supply pressure.

Claims (4)

1. The method of obtaining thrust, which consists in feeding the fuel mixture to the chamber, performing a detonation process of burning fuel in a pulsating mode, characterized in that the outer wall of the chamber is closed with a microporous plate, placed between two perforated metal plates, while the microporous plate is made in several layers from different materials and different porosity, with winding capillaries, the fuel mixture is supplied under pressure, and the detonation process of burning fuel is carried out near the outside second wall, such as a laser beam. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microporous plate is made of fine mesh or porous ceramics. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the outer wall of the chamber microturbulators and swirlers are made. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that lightly detonating components, for example hydrogen, are added to the fuel mixture.

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