RU2465743C1 - Method of determining coordinates of mobile object in closed rooms and system for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: information technology.

SUBSTANCE: system for determining coordinates of a mobile object in closed rooms has radiofrequency identifiers 1.i (i=1, 2, …, n), a reader 2, a transmitting wireless modem 3, a receiving wireless modem 5, a computer 4, wherein the reader 2 has a master generator 6, a circulator 7, a high frequency amplifier 9 and a phase detector 10; the transmitting wireless modem has a delay line 11, a pseudorandom sequence generator 12, an adder 13, a regenerative divider 14, a phase-shift modulator 16, a power amplifier 17; the receiving modem 5 has a high frequency amplifier 24, a phase doubler 25, first 26 and second 28 narrow-band filters, a phase halver 27 and a phase detector 29.

EFFECT: high accuracy and reliability of determining coordinates of mobile objects in closed rooms through complete frequency isolation between radiofrequency identifiers and wireless modems.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The proposed method and system relates to automation and computer technology and can be used in the construction of automated warehouse management systems, namely to facilitate the search for goods, in the search systems for miners in mines after an accident, and to track staff movements around protected and important objects.

Known methods for determining the coordinates of a moving object (RF patents Nos. 2,013.785, 2.248.235, 2.284.542, 2.286.486, 2.351.945; US patents Nos. 4,916.455, 6.044.256, 7.151.447; UK patent No. 2.256.730; French patent No. 2.630.565; patent WO No. 98 / 53.431; Burlakov V. Radio-frequency identification. Electronic components, 2005, No. 5, pp. 55-60 and others).

Of the known methods and systems closest to the proposed are the "Method for determining the coordinates of a moving object in enclosed spaces and a system for its implementation" (RF patent No. 2,351.945, G01S 5/00, 2007), which are selected as the basic objects.

The known method and system provides an increase in the reliability and reliability of monitoring moving objects in enclosed spaces by using complex signals with phase shift keying and reliable radio frequency identifiers on surface acoustic waves (SAWs).

For decoupling of radio frequency identifiers and radio modems, different frequencies w ₁ and w ₂ = 2w _{1 were} selected.

However, the frequencies w ₁ and w ₂ = 2w ₁ are multiple, and communication between the RF identifiers and the radio modems is possible at the harmonics of the indicated frequencies, which does not provide a complete isolation between them.

In addition, the procedure for obtaining the reference voltage necessary for the synchronous detection of the received PSK signal in the receiving radio modem includes the rotation of the phase of the harmonic oscillation by 90 °, which is practically difficult to implement.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability and reliability of determining the coordinates of moving objects in enclosed spaces by completely decoupling the frequency between the radio frequency identifiers and the radio modems and simplifying the procedure for extracting the reference voltage directly from the received signal with phase shift keying.

, выделяют гармоническое колебание разностной частоты

, умножают его частоту на n, выделяют гармоническое колебание частоты

, умножают его частоту на

и выделяют гармоническое колебание частоты

, причем отношение

выбирают дробно-рациональным, где n, m - простые числа, между которыми выполняется неравенство n≠m-1, принимаемый радиомодемом ЭВМ сложный сигнал с фазовой манипуляцией на частоте w₂ умножают по фазе на два, выделяют гармоническое колебание на частоте 2w₂, делят его по фазе на два, выделяют гармоническое колебание несущей частоты w₂ и используют его для синхронного детектирования сложного сигнала с фазовой манипуляцией.The problem is solved in that the method of determining the coordinates of a moving object in enclosed spaces using electronic identifiers and readers, according to which, in accordance with the closest analogue, the reader is fixed on a moving object, and electronic identifiers are fixed on structural elements of the room, when approaching the electronic identifier the code of the mobile identifier, the electronic identifier code is read by its reader, and together with the code of the moving object is transmitted via a radio modem of an electronic computer (COMPUTER), while the position of electronic identifiers is determined by a grid with a constant step plotted on the floor plan, codes of electronic identifiers and coordinate codes of their position are stored in a computer in which the coordinates of the moving object are determined and its position is displayed on the monitor together with the floor plan, a piezocrystal with an aluminum interdigital transducer deposited on its surface connected to a micro-polarity is used as an electronic identifier kovoy antenna, and a set of reflectors, is approached to the electronic identifier of the mobile object his reader is irradiated with an electronic identifier harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w _1, take it to the electronic identifier is converted into an acoustic wave, ensure its spread over the surface of the piezoelectric crystal and back reflection is converted reflected acoustic wave again into a complex signal with phase shift keying, the internal structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital pre The transmitter is re-emitted, received by the reader of the moving object, amplified by amplitude, synchronously detected at the frequency w ₁ , the low-frequency voltage corresponding to the code of the electronic identifier is extracted, summed with the code of the moving object, the harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w _{2 is} extracted, manipulated by phase with a sum code, amplified by power, the generated complex signal with phase manipulation is radiated into the air and received by a computer radio modem, differs from the closest analogue in that о harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₁ convert frequency using harmonic oscillation frequency

allocate harmonic oscillation of the differential frequency

, multiply its frequency by n, emit a harmonic frequency oscillation

multiply its frequency by

and emit harmonic frequency variation

, and the relation

choose fractional rational, where n, m are primes between which the inequality n-m-1 holds, the complex signal with phase shift keying at the frequency w ₂ received by the computer radio modem is multiplied by phase by two, the harmonic oscillation is isolated at the frequency 2w ₂ , divided its phase by two, emit a harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₂ and use it for synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying.

и третьего узкополосного фильтра, выход которого соединен с вторым входом смесителя, в приемном радиомодеме к выходу усилителя высокой частоты последовательно подключены удвоитель фазы, первый узкополосный фильтр, делитель фазы на два и второй узкополосный фильтр, выход которого соединен с вторым входом фазового детектора.The problem is solved in that the system for determining the coordinates of the position of a moving object in enclosed spaces, containing, in accordance with the closest analogue, electronic identifiers placed on structural elements of the room, a reader mounted on a moving object, transmitting a radio modem associated with the reader, and a receiving a radio modem connected to a computer, while the position of electronic identifiers is determined by a grid with a constant step plotted on the floor plan, electronic identifier codes s and coordinates codes of their position are stored in a computer in which the coordinates of the moving object are determined and its position is displayed on the monitor together with the floor plan, the reader is made in the form of sequentially connected master oscillator, a circulator, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna, high amplifier frequency and phase detector, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the transmitting radio modem is made in the form of series connected to the output of the phase detector line a wand, an adder, the second input of which is connected to the output of a pseudo-random sequence generator, a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the first narrow-band filter, and a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circulator, the receiving radio modem is made in the form of a phase doubler, phase divider by two, first and second narrow-band filters, a series-connected receiving antenna, a high-frequency amplifier and a phase detector, the output of which is connected to a computer, an electronic identifier p is made in the form of a piezocrystal with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer deposited on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, an interdigital transducer contains two comb electrode systems, the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses connected to the microstrip antenna , differs from the closest analogue in that the transmitting modem is equipped with a regenerative divider, consisting of sequentially connected to the output of the master oscillator cm a mixer, a second narrow-band filter, a frequency multiplier by n, a first narrow-band filter, a frequency multiplier by

and a third narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the mixer, a phase doubler, a first narrow-band filter, a phase divider into two and a second narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase detector, are connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier in the receiving radio modem.

The structural diagram of a system that implements the proposed method is presented in figure 1. Functional diagram of the radio frequency identifier shown in figure 2. The structural diagram of the reader and the transmitting radio modem is presented in figure 3. The block diagram of the receiving radio modem is presented in figure 4. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the system are shown in FIG.

The radio frequency identifier is made in the form of a piezocrystal 18 with an aluminum thin-film interdigital transducer deposited on its surface connected to a microstrip antenna 19 and a set of reflectors 22. The interdigital transducer (IDT) of surface acoustic waves (SAW) contains two comb systems of electrodes 20, tires 21.1 and 21.2, which connect the electrodes of each of the combs to each other. Tires 21.1 and 21.2, in turn, are connected to the microstrip antenna 19.

The reader 2 is made in the form of series-connected master oscillator 6, circulator 7, the input-output of which is connected to the transceiver antenna 8, high-frequency amplifier 9 and phase detector 10, the second input of which is connected to the output of master oscillator 6.

и третьего узкополосного фильтра 34, выход которого соединен с вторым входом смесителя 30.The transmitting radio modem 3 is made in the form of a delay line 11 connected in series to the output of the phase detector 10, an adder 13, the second input of which is connected to the output of the pseudorandom sequence generator 12, the phase manipulator 16 and the power amplifier 17, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circulator 7 connected in series to the output of the master oscillator 6 of the mixer 30, the second narrow-band filter 31, the frequency multiplier 32 by n, the first narrow-band filter 15, the frequency multiplier 33 by

and a third narrow-band filter 34, the output of which is connected to the second input of the mixer 30.

The receiving radio modem 5 is made in the form of a high-frequency amplifier 24, a phase doubler 25, a first narrow-band filter 26, a phase divider 27, a second narrow-band filter 28 and a phase detector 29, the second input of which is connected to the output of the amplifier 24, connected in series to the output of the receiving antenna 23 high frequency, and the output is connected to a computer 4.

The method of determining the coordinates of a moving object in enclosed spaces is implemented as follows.

A plan of a building, warehouse, or mine is being prepared (or taken). The distances according to this plan are measured between the radio frequency identifiers 1.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n), which should serve as coordinate marks. For example, for a warehouse (hangar), in which there are no internal partitions, you can put a grid on the plan with a constant step between the cells. In the coordinate system of this plan, the coordinates of these cells are determined. The cell coordinates are recorded in the radio frequency identifiers, the identifiers are respectively marked by selecting the internal structure of the interdigital transducer. Appropriate marking is made on the floor and holes are drilled into which the corresponding identifiers are laid, holes are concreted. It is possible to pull a wire under the ceiling onto which identifiers 1.i can be fixed (i = 1, 2, ..., n). In the mine, identifiers can be fixed with the corresponding step on the ceiling of the drift.

Figure 1 presents a system that implements the proposed method, in which the radio frequency identifiers 1.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) contain codes for their coordinates and are fixed to building structures. In the memory of the reader 2 write the code of the moving object (warehouse operator, miner, important cargo, loader) and fix it, respectively, on the person’s belt, on the loader, on the load.

The master oscillator 6 of the reader 2 generates a high-frequency oscillation (Fig.5, a):

, 0≤t≤T₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where U ₁ , w ₁ , φ ₁ , T ₁ is the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase, and duration of the high-frequency oscillation, which enters the antenna 8 through the circulator 7, is radiated by it, and irradiates the nearest radio-frequency identifier 1.i (i = 1 , 2, ..., n). High-frequency harmonic oscillation at a frequency w _{1 is} captured by a microstrip antenna 19 tuned to a frequency w ₁ , converted by an interdigital transducer into an acoustic wave that propagates along the surface of the piezocrystal 18, is reflected from reflectors 22, and again converted into a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK) (figure 5, c):

, 0≤t≤T₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

where φ _к1 (t) = {0, π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the law of phase manipulation in accordance with the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b), which displays the coordinates of the identifier, and φ _к1 (t) = const at Kτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = Kτ _e , i.e. at the borders between elementary premises (K = 1, 2, ..., N-1);

τ _e , N - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal of duration T ₁ (T ₁ = N · τ _e ).

In this case, the internal structure of the formed complex QPSK signal is determined by the topology of the interdigital transducer, has an individual character and contains information about the location of the identifier in the corresponding structure.

The formed complex QPSK signal u ₂ (t) is radiated by the microstrip antenna 19, captured by the transceiver antenna 8, and fed through the circulator 7 and high-frequency amplifier 9 to the first (information) input of the phase detector 10. To the second (reference) input of the latter as the reference voltage is supplied with a high-frequency oscillation u ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, a) from the output of the master oscillator 6. As a result of synchronous detection at the output of the phase detector 10, a low-frequency voltage is generated (Fig. 5, g):

, 0≤t≤T₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

,Where

,

proportional to the modulating code M ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, b).

This voltage is supplied to the input of the delay line 11, where it is delayed by a time τ _s equal to the duration τ _{1 of the} modulating code M ₁ (t), and supplied to the first input of the adder 13. The code of the moving object (warehouse operator, loader, miner) from the output of the generator 12 of a pseudo-random sequence (PSP) of duration τ ₂ . At the output of the adder 13, a total modulating code M ₂ (t) is generated (Fig. 5, e), consisting of an identifier coordinate code and a moving object code, of duration τ = τ ₁ + τ ₂ . The modulating code M ₂ (t) is supplied to the first input of the phase manipulator 16.

High-frequency oscillation u ₁ (t) (Fig. 5, a) from the output of the master oscillator 6 simultaneously enters the first input of the mixer 30, to the second input of which harmonic oscillation is applied

,

,

,Where

,

At the output of the mixer 30, a differential frequency voltage is generated

,

,

,Where

,

which is allocated by the narrow-band filter 31 and is fed to the input of the frequency multiplier 32 by n. At the output of the latter, harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig. 5, e)

,Where

,

, на выходе которого образуется гармоническое колебаниеwhich is allocated by the narrow-band filter 15 and is fed to the input of the frequency multiplier 33 by

at the output of which a harmonic oscillation is formed

,

,

Where

which is allocated by a narrow-band filter 34 and fed to the second input of the mixer 30.

раз, трех узкополосных фильтров 31, 15, 34 и смесителя 30, образуется гармоническое колебание u₅(t), отношение частоты w₂ которого к частоте w₁ выбирается дробно-рациональным

. Это отношение позволяет исключить связь на гармониках между радиочастотными идентификаторами и радиомодемами.Therefore, at the output of the regenerative divider 14, consisting of two frequency multipliers 31 and 33 in n and

times, of three narrow-band filters 31, 15, 34 and mixer 30, a harmonic oscillation u ₅ (t) is formed, the ratio of the frequency w _{2 of} which to the frequency w ₁ is chosen fractionally rational

. This relationship eliminates harmonics between radio frequency identifiers and radio modems.

The voltage u ₅ (t) (Fig. 5, d) is simultaneously supplied to the second input of the phase manipulator 16, the output of which forms a complex signal with phase manipulation (PSK) (Fig. 5, g)

, 0≤t≤T₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

which after amplification in the power amplifier 17 through the circulator 7 enters the transceiver antenna 8, is radiated by it, is captured by the receiving antenna 23 and through the high-frequency amplifier 24 is fed to the first (information) input of the phase detector 29 and to the input of the phase doubler 25. At the output of the latter, harmonic oscillation is formed (Fig. 5, h)

, 0≤t≤Т₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

,Where

,

Since 2φ _k (t) = {0; π}, then in the indicated oscillation phase manipulation is already absent.

The harmonic oscillation u ₇ (t) is allocated by a narrow-band filter 26 and is fed to the input of a phase divider 27 into two, the output of which is a harmonic oscillation (Fig. 5, and)

, 0≤t≤Т₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

which is allocated by the narrow-band filter 28, is used as a reference voltage and is supplied to the second (reference) input of the phase detector 29. As a result of synchronous detection, a low-frequency voltage is generated at the output of the phase detector 29 (Fig. 5, k):

, 0≤t≤Т₁,

, 0≤t≤T ₁ ,

,Where

,

proportional to the total modulating code M ₂ (t) (Fig. 5, e), which enters the computer 4.

The information contained in the modulating code M ₂ (t) is processed, stored and displayed on the computer monitor 4 together with the plan of the building (structure). Thus, the position of the moving object in an enclosed space is continuously monitored over time.

Such information can be of particular importance for monitoring and recording the work of warehouse and arsenal personnel with secret and especially dangerous equipment, since the position of such equipment in the room will be constantly monitored.

Thus, the proposed method and system in comparison with basic objects and other technical solutions of a similar purpose provide an increase in the reliability and reliability of determining the coordinates of moving objects in enclosed spaces. This is achieved by completely decoupling the frequency between RF identifiers and radio modems and simplifying the procedure for extracting the reference voltage directly from the received signal with phase shift keying.

Claims (2)

1. A method for determining the coordinates of the position of a moving object in enclosed spaces using electronic identifiers and readers, according to which the reader is fixed on the moving object, and electronic identifiers are fixed on the structural elements of the room, when approaching the electronic identifier of the moving object, the electronic identifier code is read by its reader and together with the code of the moving object is transmitted through the radio modem to the radio modem of the electronic computer (computer), while The life of electronic identifiers is determined by a grid with a constant step plotted on the floor plan, the codes of electronic identifiers and the coordinates codes of their position are stored in a computer, in which the coordinates of the moving object are determined and its position is displayed on the monitor together with the floor plan, a piezocrystal with applied on its surface by an aluminum interdigital transducer associated with a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, when approaching an electric The identifier of the moving object is irradiated by its reader with the electronic identifier by harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₁ , it is received on the electronic identifier, converted into an acoustic wave, its propagation along the surface of the piezocrystal and back reflection, the reflected acoustic wave is converted again into a complex signal with phase shift keying, internal the structure of which corresponds to the structure of the interdigital transducer, re-emit it on the air, take of a different object, amplified in amplitude, synchronously detect at a frequency w ₁ , select a low-frequency voltage corresponding to the code of the electronic identifier, hold it for a time equal to the duration of the code of the electronic identifier, add it to the code of the moving object, select the harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₂ , manipulate its phase by the total code is amplified by power, the generated complex signal with phase manipulation is radiated into the air and received by a computer radio modem, characterized in that harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₁ convert frequency using harmonic oscillation frequency

allocate harmonic oscillation of the differential frequency

, multiply its frequency by n, emit a harmonic frequency oscillation

multiply its frequency by

and emit harmonic frequency variation

, and the relation

choose fractional rational, where n, m are primes between which the inequality n-m-1 holds, the complex signal with phase shift keying at the frequency w ₂ received by the computer radio modem is multiplied by phase by two, the harmonic oscillation is isolated at the frequency 2w ₂ , divided its phase by two, emit a harmonic oscillation of the carrier frequency w ₂ and use it for synchronous detection of a complex signal with phase shift keying. 2. A system for determining the coordinates of the position of a moving object in enclosed spaces, containing electronic identifiers located on the structural elements of the room, a reader mounted on a moving object, a transmitting radio modem associated with the reader, and a receiving radio modem connected to an electronic computer (computer) , while the position of electronic identifiers is determined by a grid with a constant step plotted on the floor plan, codes of electronic identifiers and coordinate codes of their position are located in a computer in which the coordinates of the moving object are determined, and its position is displayed on the monitor together with the floor plan, the reader is made in the form of serially connected master oscillator, a circulator, the input-output of which is connected to a transceiver antenna, high-frequency amplifier and phase detector, the second the input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, the transmitting radio modem is made in the form of a delay line, an adder, the second input of which is connected in series to the output of the phase detector connected to the output of the pseudo-random sequence generator, phase manipulator and power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the second input of the circulator, the receiving radio modem is made in the form of a phase doubler, a phase divider into two, first and second narrow-band filters, series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier and phase a detector, the output of which is connected to a computer, the electronic identifier is made in the form of a piezocrystal with aluminum thin-film interdigital applied to its surface a transducer associated with a microstrip antenna and a set of reflectors, an interdigital transducer contains two comb systems of electrodes, the electrodes of each of the combs are connected to each other by buses connected to a microstrip antenna, characterized in that the transmitting modem is equipped with a regenerative divider consisting of series-connected to the output of the master oscillator of the mixer, the second narrow-band filter, the frequency multiplier by n, the first narrow-band filter, the frequency multiplier by

and a third narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the mixer, a phase doubler, a first narrow-band filter, a phase divider into two and a second narrow-band filter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the phase detector, are connected to the output of the high-frequency amplifier in the receiving radio modem.

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