RU2452715C1 - Method to make decorative items with filler from amber and/or wastes of its processing (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: according to the first version, the method to make decorative items with a filler from amber and/or wastes of its processing with thickness of not more than 20 mm includes preparation of a moulding compound, at the ratio of components, wt %: caustic magnesite 20-25 filler - amber 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 filler - quartz sand balance, which is poured into a mould of the necessary size, compacted with vibration for 0.5 - 1 minute, dried at 13-30°C for 1-3 days, then taken out of the mould, ground, polished, final polishing is done, for instance, with a mixture from paraffin and wax for setting or, if required, coated with a varnish. The second and third versions are characterised for the method of making decorative items.

EFFECT: invention provides for strength, ecological safety of decorative items with a filler of amber or wastes of its processing at simultaneous simplification of the manufacturing method and reduced labour intensiveness, cheaper products.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of decorative products that can be used for interior decoration, for example floors, walls, window sills, countertops, mosaic decorative panels on the walls of buildings using amber filler and / or amber waste, especially those that have not yet been used .

The use of amber and amber waste for the manufacture of decorative products has long been known. The most famous work is the Amber Room, which was created by German and Danish masters for the Prussian King Frederick 1. The masterpiece consisted of amber panels, decorations and panels that were fixed on a wooden base (see https://en.wikipedia.org).

Currently, products obtained by known methods are rare copyright works, very expensive and require constant care, since amber is a very fragile material.

In the Kaliningrad Region, on the Baltic Sea coast, there is the world's largest amber deposit, which Kaliningrad Amber Plant has been producing and processing since 1947. In the 80-90s, up to 700 tons of amber were mined per year, which were processed at the amber plant. Methods of processing amber allow you to get amber jewelry, amber oil, processed amber, pressed amber, succinic acid and much more. However, there is no use of both amber and its various wastes during processing for the manufacture of durable, cheap decorative products, for example, for interior decoration of various premises.

At the Kaliningrad Amber Plant over the years, a variety of waste has accumulated, some of which have not yet been used. Fixing amber on the surface of the product is associated with difficulties due to the characteristic properties of amber. There is no industrial production, for example, for the manufacture of decorative building products, such as floors, window sills, walls, countertops, and much more using amber and its various wastes as fillers, including currently unclaimed materials, which include slags, burrs, etc. .

The applicant has considered all known methods for processing amber for the manufacture of decorative products using amber filler and its waste. The problem of using amber and / or waste from its processing in the fragility of the filler. Amber is difficult to fix on the surface of the product, and also in manufacturing to ensure that the surface of the decorative product with amber filler is durable for prolonged use, the product is environmentally friendly.

A known method of manufacturing decorative products using a filler made of amber (patent RU 2151700, IPC B44C 5/00, C04B 28/18), by pouring into a mold a liquid-moving composition based on amber with the addition of a polymer binder, accelerator and hardener. In the process of preparing a decorative composite material, low-quality amber of various fractions and wastes of amber production is used as filler without grinding, which are sorted by color and size at the preliminary preparation stage, dividing into several groups. Then each group of the filler is treated with gelcoat, the ratio in the mass amount of each of the groups of the filler and the polymer binder is determined. After this, the molding material is prepared, laid out in special molds and after that the composition is obtained in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

filler - amber 40-70 gelcoat 3-4 unsaturated ester resins 55-25 hardener 1-0.5 accelerator 1-0.5

Molding is carried out manually or by vibration during 20-40 minutes. After hardening, the product is removed from the mold and dried in an oven for 3-4 hours at a temperature of 50-70 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method, limiting its use, is the significant complexity of the process, including the extraction of the casting from the mold due to the high adhesion of the composition to the mold material, as well as the relatively low surface finish of the castings. To facilitate the removal of castings from the mold, the working surface of its walls is covered with a protective layer of gelcoat or other materials that reduce the mentioned adhesion. We used pigmented resins (gelcoat), which are harmful substances in the manufacture, as well as in the future use of finished products.

A known method of manufacturing an end decorative panel (patent RU 2335391, IPC V27M 3/04) for use in the interior of rooms: floors, walls, ceilings, countertops, etc. The method includes treating wooden dice with a composite consisting of a transparent polyester resin and a filler in the form of a pulverulent fraction of amber.

The disadvantage of this method is the complex, multi-stage, laborious manufacturing process, which allows you to produce small batches of products with filler from amber flour. Use in the manufacture of polyester resins requires compliance with the rules of work with harmful substances. Products made in this way are not durable enough, they require special care, and polyester resins can evaporate for a long time, which violates the environment, and damage the health of those who use products made in this way.

A known method of manufacturing wood products with amber inlay (patent RU 2294843, IPC B44C 1/28), which includes the preliminary preparation of wood and amber, their joint location in accordance with the sketch and the amber impregnation with polymer resins. Plates are made from amber of different fractions and colors, and elements are cut out of them in accordance with the sketch, and fragments are cut out through the wooden base. Then, in accordance with the sketch, the assembly of the product is carried out, for which amber elements are placed with a gap in the wooden base instead of cut fragments, the gap is filled with a polymer compound, which includes polyester resins.

The disadvantage of this method is a complex, multi-stage, laborious manufacturing process, which allows you to produce small batches of products. Use in the manufacture of polymer resins requires compliance with the rules of work with harmful substances. Products made in this way are not durable enough, they require special care, and polymer resins can evaporate for a long time, which violates the environment, and damage the health of those who use products made in this way.

The disadvantages of all the methods discussed above are: the use of polymer resins, compounds, polymers, gelcoats for amber fixing, a complex multi-stage laborious technology of amber fixing using a large amount of manual labor. The products obtained by such methods do not possess strength, environmental safety, and require constant care.

Known methods for the manufacture of decorative products using mineral magnesia binder. These methods are characterized by the absence of harmful substances in the process, simplicity, cheapness, strength. Decorative products have durability, environmental safety.

A known method of manufacturing a facing and decorative products from artificial stone (application RU 93031201, IPC С04В 28/30) based on magnesia binder. I use pigments to get a decorative layer.

The disadvantages include the fact that amber and / or waste from its processing are not used as a filler.

A known method of manufacturing building products on a magnesian binder (patent RU 2121987, IPC С04В 28/30), which includes mixing magnesia powder, mineral filler and an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride, forming products and curing them. The mineral filler is activated by co-grinding with a chemical additive or a mineral additive to a specific particle surface of 1000-3500 cm / g with a certain ratio of components. A distinctive feature of this method is not just the combined use of a mineral filler, a mineral additive and / or a chemical additive (superplasticizer), but the use of an activated filler with a multifunctional effect.

The manufacture of building products on a magnesian binder consists in preparing, dosing and mixing the powder of a caustic magnesite, polymer-mineral filler with subsequent mixing with magnesium chloride with stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is then leveled, compacted with vibration (3 s), solidified at 25 ° С for 10 hours, then the samples are disbanded and stored under the same conditions for 28 days.

The disadvantage of the method for the manufacture of plates, panels, partitions, window sills, countertops, wall blocks, doors, etc. is that only mineral filler is used to increase strength and water resistance without a decorative surface of the products.

A known method of manufacturing building materials on a gypsum-magnesian binder (patent RU 2376260, IPC С04В 28/30, С04В 111/20), which includes mixing activated powder based on caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride and aggregate. Inorganic (crushed stone, quartz sand, gravel, marble chips, crushed bricks, crushed slag, asbestos, etc.), and organic aggregates (as aggregate can be used as fine (0-5 mm) and coarse (5-40 mm) aggregates. wood flour, sawdust, shavings, chopped straw, husk, paper waste, etc.).

The ratio of components during joint grinding is, wt.%:

caustic magnesia powder 40-70 tricalcium phosphate 1-8 silica gel 3-12 cellulose 0.04-0.6 gypsum building rest

And the ratio of components in the total mixture is, wt.%:

Activated powder 10-18 The solution of magnesium chloride in water density 1.15-1.30 g / cm ³ ) 10-18 Sand 10-25 Crushed stone rest

Floors and magnesian binders can be made in various colors. For coloring, decorating the surface with stirring, alkaline-resistant mineral building pigments are added to the composition of the magnesite-concrete mixture: chalk, minium, ocher, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, ultamarine, etc.

The manufacture of building products on a magnesian binder consists in preparing, dosing and mixing the powder of a caustic magnesite, polymer-mineral filler with subsequent mixing with magnesium chloride with stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is then leveled, compacted with vibration (3 s), solidified at 25 ° С for 10 hours, then the samples are disbanded and stored under the same conditions for 28 days.

The disadvantage of the method for the manufacture of plates, panels, partitions, window sills, countertops, wall blocks, doors, etc., aimed at increasing their strength and water resistance, is the use of various mineral and organic fillers, including to obtain decorative properties of products. Among the listed organic fillers, natural amber filler is not indicated, as well as a method for producing products with amber filler and / or waste from its processing, taking into account its physical properties and characteristics.

The closest adopted for the prototype is a method of manufacturing building materials on a magnesian binder (patent RU 2222508, IPC С04В 28/30), which involves mixing a caustic magnesite powder, mineral additive, superplasticizer, an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride and aggregate, followed by molding and curing mixtures. As an aggregate (fine: up to 5 mm and coarse 5-40 mm), you can use inorganic (crushed stone, quartz sand, gravel, marble chips, crushed brick, crushed slag, asbestos, etc.), and organic aggregates (wood flour , sawdust, shavings, chopped straw, husk, paper waste, etc.). The size of the particles of coarse aggregate should be no more than 1/3 of the thickness of the manufactured products.

The manufacture of building products on a magnesian binder consists in preparing, dosing and mixing the powder of a caustic magnesite, polymer-mineral filler followed by mixing with magnesium chloride with stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, which is then leveled, compacted with vibration (3 s), then solidified at 20 ± 2 ° C for 10 hours, then the samples are disbanded and stored under the same conditions for 28 days.

A known object cannot be applied, as it has disadvantages. The disadvantage of the method of manufacturing plates, panels, partitions, window sills, countertops, wall blocks, doors, aimed at increasing their strength and water resistance, as well as the decorative properties of products, is the use of different mineral and organic fillers, among which is not indicated natural filler amber, and the method obtaining durable products filled with amber and / or waste from its processing, taking into account its physical properties and characteristics.

When creating the invention, the problem was solved of creating durable, environmentally friendly decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its processing (flakes, slag, etc. that were not previously used) while simplifying the manufacturing method and, accordingly, reducing labor intensity and cost reduction products.

The applicant proposed three options for solving the problem.

In the first embodiment, to obtain products with a thickness of not more than 20 mm, without the predefined pattern on the surface of the product, the smallest amber processing waste is used.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known method, after preparing the filler by sorting, the main mixture of the molding mixture is kneaded, which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, filler amber and / or its waste, quartz sand in the following ratio of components, the weight.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 amber filler 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

The resulting mixture is poured into a mold of the desired size, put on a vibrating table for 0.5-1.0 minutes, then the mold is transferred to a drying chamber, where it is dried at a temperature of 13-30 ° C for 1-3 days, depending on the thickness of the product. Then the products after solidification are removed from the mold, subjected to processing by grinding with diamond abrasives and polishing materials.

A method for the manufacture of decorative products with amber filler and / or waste from its processing (the first option) is proposed, which includes preparing the molding material as a part of caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, filler, aggregate (quartz sand), followed by molding, compaction by vibration, curing, drying , characterized in that the filler used amber and / or its waste, the ratio of the components of the molding material is, wt.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 amber filler 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

The molding material is poured into molds of the required size, compacted with vibration for 0.5-1 minutes, dried at a temperature of 13-30 ° C for 1-3 days. Then the products after solidification are removed from the mold, subjected to processing by grinding with diamond abrasives and polishing materials.

The proposed method is as follows (first option).

A method of manufacturing decorative products without a given pattern when using mainly the smallest fractions of wastes from processing amber (slags, flakes) as a filler involves preparing the filler, sorting it, then kneading the molding composition, which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, sand, and the ratio of components the molding mass is, wt.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 amber filler 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

The molding material is poured into molds of the required size, compacted with vibration for 0.5-1 minutes, dried at a temperature of 13-30 ° C for 1-3 days.

After that, the product is removed from the mold, polished, polished, final polished with a mixture of paraffin and wax for fixing or, if necessary, varnished.

The applicant can give specific examples of decorative products obtained by the above method.

Figure 1 shows a photograph of a tile in the form of a decorative product using mainly the smallest fractions of amber processing waste as the filler over the entire volume of the product.

Figure 2 shows a photograph of a tile in the form of a decorative product using mainly the smallest fractions of the amber (waste) processing as the filler over the entire volume of the product.

The decorative surface of the tile with amber turned out to be strong, environmentally friendly, durable, cheap as a result of simplified manufacturing technology. It should also be noted that at the same time amber processing wastes were used, which until now were not used in production.

Thus, the proposed method for producing decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its processing allows you to get cheap, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, safe decorative material for use in residential premises, public places, including schools, hospitals.

In the second embodiment, to obtain products without a given pattern on the surface of the product, with a thickness of more than 20 mm, amber filler and / or amber processing waste are used.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known method, depending on the thickness of the decorative product more than 20 mm to save filler and lighten the weight of the product, the method of manufacturing decorative products includes two stages. At the first stage, all stages of the method of manufacturing decorative products with amber filler according to the first embodiment are completed, completing drying. The second stage involves the preparation of the molding mass in the composition of the components in the same ratio using sawdust instead of amber and / or waste from its processing, then the mold is placed on a vibrating table for 1-2 minutes to remove air bubbles and level the filled mass, after which drying is carried out in a drying oven chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold, it is ground, polished, final polished, for example, with a mixture of paraffin and wax for fixing or, if necessary , Lacquered.

A method for manufacturing decorative products with amber filler (the second option) is proposed, which includes preparing a molding material, which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, filler, aggregate (silica sand), followed by molding, vibration compaction, curing, drying, characterized in that amber and / or wastes of its processing are used as a filler, the manufacturing method includes two stages, at the first stage all stages are performed according to the first embodiment until drying is completed, respectively the solution of the components of the molding material is, wt.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 amber filler 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

At the second stage, the molding material is prepared with the same ratio of components, only instead of the filler, which is used as amber and / or its processing waste, the filler is sawdust included, poured on the first layer with filler amber and / or its processing waste, and then compacted vibration for 1-2 minutes, carry out drying in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold, polished, polished, final polished, for example with a mixture of arafina and wax for fixing, or, if necessary, coated with lacquer.

The proposed method for the manufacture of decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its processing is as follows.

The manufacture of decorative products with a thickness of more than 20 mm includes two stages. At the first stage, all stages are performed until the drying of the method of manufacturing decorative products with amber filler, mainly of various waste products according to the first embodiment, is completed. The second stage involves preparing the molding mass in the composition of the components in the same ratio using sawdust instead of amber, then the mold is placed on a vibrating table to remove air bubbles and level the filled mass for 1-2 minutes, after which drying is performed in a drying chamber at a temperature not lower than 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold, it is ground, polished, final polished, for example with a mixture of paraffin and wax for fixing, or, if necessary, varnished.

The applicant can give specific examples of decorative products obtained by the above method (second option).

Figure 2 is a photograph of a table, the table top of which has a thickness of more than 20 mm, a decorative product with amber filler, mainly waste from its production (slags, flakes), in the upper layer of the product and filler from sawdust in the second layer of the product. The decorative surface of the countertop with amber and waste from its production turned out to be strong, environmentally safe, durable, cheap as a result of simplified manufacturing technology. It should also be noted that at the same time amber processing wastes were used, which until now were not used in production.

Thus, the proposed method for producing decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its production allows us to obtain cheap, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, safe decorative material for use in residential premises, public places, including schools, hospitals.

In the third embodiment, to obtain products with a predetermined pattern, for example, in the form of a mosaic on the surface of the product, both amber filler and amber processing waste are used.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the known method, the manufacture of decorative products with a filler in the form of pieces of amber is performed according to a predetermined pattern, for example, a mosaic. According to the developed sketch, amber and / or its waste are selected and sorted for a drawing, according to which pieces of amber are laid out at the bottom of the form of the given size and thickness of the product. The laid out mosaic pattern is poured with a composition that includes caustic magnesite and a solution of magnesium chloride in the ratio, wt.%: 60-70 and 40-30, until the complete picture of the filler in the form of pieces of amber is coated and left for 5-6 hours. Then the composition, the composition of which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, sawdust, sand, in the ratio of the components of the molding material, wt.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 filler, sawdust 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

it is poured onto the first layer to the height of the desired product size, the mold is mounted on a vibrating table to remove air bubbles and level the poured mass for 1-2 minutes, after which drying is performed in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold and subjected to grinding, for example with diamond abrasives, until a mosaic of amber appears on the surface of the pattern, which is polished with polishing skins.

A method of manufacturing decorative products with a filler from amber and / or its waste for decorative products (third option) is proposed, which includes preparing a molding material, which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, a filler, a filler (silica sand), followed by molding, vibration compaction, curing, drying, characterized in that amber and / or its production waste, laid out according to a predetermined pattern, for example in the form of a mosaic, are used as filler, fill in the composition the core, which includes caustic magnesite and a solution of magnesium chloride in a ratio in wt.%: 60-70 and 40-30 to cover the entire pattern of the filler and leave for 5-6 hours, after which a molding mass, the composition of which is made up in the ratio, weight .%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 filler, sawdust 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

it is poured onto the first layer to the height of the desired product size and the mold is mounted on a vibrating table to remove air bubbles and level the poured mass for 1-2 minutes, after which drying is performed in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold and subjected to grinding, for example with diamond abrasives, until a mosaic of amber appears on the surface of the pattern, which is polished with polishing skins.

The proposed method for the manufacture of decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its processing is as follows.

A method of manufacturing decorative products filled with amber and / or its waste for decorative products, for example in the form of mosaics on the surface, includes two stages. According to the developed sketch, amber and / or its waste are selected and sorted for a drawing, according to which pieces of amber are laid out at the bottom of the form of the given size and thickness of the product. The laid out mosaic pattern is poured with a composition that includes caustic magnesite and a solution of magnesium chloride in the ratio, wt.%: 60-70 and 40-30, until the complete picture of the filler in the form of pieces of amber is coated and left for 5-6 hours. Then the composition, the composition of which includes caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, sawdust, sand in the ratio of the components of the molding material, wt.%:

caustic magnesite 20-25 filler, sawdust 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 silica sand aggregate rest

it is poured onto the first layer to the height of the desired product size, the mold is mounted on a vibrating table to remove air bubbles and level the poured mass for 1-2 minutes, after which drying is performed in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold and subjected to grinding, for example with diamond abrasives, until a mosaic of amber appears on the surface of the pattern, which is polished with polishing skins.

The applicant can give specific examples of decorative products obtained by the above method.

Figure 4 shows a photograph of a table, the tabletop of which is a decorative product with amber filler and production waste in the form of a mosaic in the upper layer.

Figure 5 shows a photograph of a panel (firebird), which also represents a decorative product in the form of a mosaic made with amber and waste from its production.

The decorative surface of the tabletop and the panel with amber turned out to be strong, environmentally friendly, durable, cheap as a result of simplified manufacturing technology.

Thus, the proposed method for producing decorative products with filler from amber and / or waste from its production allows us to obtain cheap, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, safe decorative material for use in residential premises, public places, including schools, hospitals.

In addition, it should be noted that the use of unclaimed wastes from amber processing will allow not only to obtain a variety of decorative products, but also to use amber without waste in a comprehensive way, which will also improve the environmental situation in the territory of the Kaliningrad Amber Plant and make additional profit.

Claims (3)

1. A method of manufacturing decorative products with a filler from amber and / or waste from its processing, including preparing a molding material consisting of caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, a filler, a filler - quartz sand, followed by molding, compaction by vibration, curing, drying, characterized the fact that amber and / or its wastes are used as a filler, the molding material is prepared at a ratio of components, wt.%:
caustic magnesite 20-25 filler - amber 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 aggregate - quartz sand rest,
it is poured into the mold of the required size, compacted with vibration for 0.5-1 min, dried at a temperature of 13-30 ° C for 1-3 days, then removed from the mold, polished, polished, final polishing is performed, for example, with a mixture of paraffin and wax for fixing or, if necessary, varnish. 2. A method of manufacturing decorative products with a filler from amber and / or waste from its processing, including preparing a molding composition consisting of caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, a filler, a filler - quartz sand, followed by molding, compaction by vibration, curing, drying, characterized the fact that amber and / or its wastes are used as a filler, the manufacturing method includes two stages, at the first stage all the stages according to claim 1 are performed, including the completion of drying, with the ratio of the components of washing mass, wt.%:
caustic magnesite 20-25 filler - amber 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 aggregate - quartz sand rest,
at the second stage, the molding material is prepared with the same ratio of components, using sawdust as a filler, then the molding material is poured onto the first layer to the height of the desired product size, compacted with vibration for 1-2 minutes, and drying is performed in a drying chamber at a temperature not lower than 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold, ground, polished, final polished, for example, with a mixture of paraffin and wax for fixing or, if necessary, varnished. 3. A method of manufacturing decorative products with amber filler and / or waste from its processing, including preparing a molding composition consisting of caustic magnesite, a solution of magnesium chloride, filler, filler - quartz sand, followed by molding, compaction by vibration, curing, drying, characterized the fact that amber and / or waste from its production is used as a filler, which is laid out according to a predetermined pattern, for example, in the form of a mosaic, and is poured with a composition including caustic magnesia and a solution of magnesium chloride in the ratio, by weight.%: 60-70 and 40-30 to completely cover the pattern of the filler and allowed to stand for 5-6 hours, then the molding material in a ratio, wt.%:
caustic magnesite 20-25 filler - sawdust 10-15 magnesium chloride solution 20-25 aggregate - quartz sand rest,
pour on the first layer to the height of the desired size of the product, compact it with vibration for 1-2 minutes, perform drying in a drying chamber at a temperature of at least 16 ° C for at least two days, after which the product is removed from the mold, ground, for example, with diamond abrasives, until the appearance on the surface of the picture is a mosaic of amber, which is polished with polishing skins.

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