RU2406800C2 - Method for erection of gabion mat of biopositive design - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: method for erection of gabion mat of biopositive design, made of grid and filler, consists in the fact that metal wires are stretched in the mat base in the beginning to form wide-meshed grid, on top of which geotextile is laid and attached, on which bags filled with fertile topsoil with addition of seeds of permanent grasses and bushes are laid in staggered order. Besides bags are tightly fixed to each other and to metal wires of base with the help of a strong rope, and space between bags up to their top is filled with local soil, which, together with bags, forms the lower level of mat. On top of this layer a solid upper layer of stone is arranged, and on top of it gabion grid is stretched and attached to metal wires of wide-meshed grid in base.

EFFECT: invention provides for engineering protection and helps in environment recovery.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and land reclamation construction, and in particular to environmental shore protection structures in regulated riverbeds and protective and regulatory structures.

A relatively close technical solution is the method of erecting a gabion mount [1], including laying along the banks of the channel on the base of a prismatic shape filled with stone gabions. Before laying gabions on the base, the porous space between the stones is filled with fertile soil with sowing seeds of hygrophilous plants with a developed root system. Then they are kept in an aqueous or humid environment until the root system completely germinates and is reinforced, while the gabion itself is made with an inclined prismatic frame containing a hinge in the center that connects the stretch marks with hinges at the vertices of the gabion. Gabions are laid in layers with a shift of transverse seams in the cross section of the channel, and between the layers seams of fertile soil are made. The main disadvantages of this technical solution are:

- the complexity of the design and construction method;

- the need for a large amount of stone material;

- the plant soil between the gabions and their stones, as well as at the base, will erode under the hydrodynamic effects of the flood stream, additional costs for drainage and antifiltration measures will be required.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency and biopositivity of the structure and reduce material costs for construction.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of erecting a gabion mattress of a biopositive design, including a mesh shell and stone aggregate, metal wires are first pulled at the base of the mattress with the formation of a coarse mesh, on top of which geotextiles are laid out and attached, on which the bags filled are staggered. fertile plant soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs. Moreover, the bags are firmly connected with each other and with the metal wires of the base with a strong rope, and the space between the bags to their top is filled with local soil, which together with the bags forms the bottom layer of the mattress, on top of this layer a continuous top layer of stone is arranged on top of which they are tightened gabion net and attach it to the metal wire coarse mesh at the base. In this case, the coarse mesh at the base is made of galvanized wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm and is attached to anchors arranged in a slope above the fastening at a distance of the width of the mattress from each other.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a shore protection structure with a mount of gabion mattresses; figure 2 is the same in plan; figure 3 - nodes connecting bags (with vegetable soil) between themselves and with metal wires of the base.

Gabion mattress biopositive mattress consists of sand preparation 1, coarse mesh wire made of metal wires 2, geotextile 3 attached on top of metal wire 2 mesh bags 4 filled with fertile plant soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs, local soil 5 laid in space between bags 4 to their top. Bags 4 with vegetable soil are tightly connected between each other and metal wires 2 of the base using ropes 6. On top of the lower layer of bags 4 and local soil 5, a continuous top layer of stone 7 is arranged, over which a gabion net 8 is fastened, attached to metal wires 2 of coarse mesh mesh at the base. At the same time, the coarse mesh of metal wires 2 is made with cells 1 × 1 m in size and attached to concrete anchors 9.

Gabion mattress biopositive construction is being constructed and works as follows.

At the beginning, a dam or a coastal slope is dumped. Slopes and dam crest are planned. Concrete anchors 9 are arranged in the slope slightly above the fastening top at a distance of the width of the mattress from each other 9. Sand preparation 1, 15 cm thick, is poured from the sole of the fastening to its upper line on the slope. A coarse wire mesh of metal wires 2 is mounted and attached to concrete anchors 9. On top of this mesh, geotextile 3 is laid out and attached to metal wires 2. Next, pre-prepared bags 4 filled with fertile plant soil with added seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs. Moreover, the bags 4 are connected to each other by strong ropes 6 and are attached to the metal wires 2 of the base. And the space between the bags 4 to their top is filled with local soil 5, which together with the bags 4 forms the bottom layer of the mattress. A continuous top layer of stone 7 is laid on top of the bottom layer of bags 4 and local soil 5, on top of which a gabion net 8 is wrapped and attached to metal wires 2 of the coarse mesh base. Then, using the same technology, a second, third, etc. mattresses along the side of a dam or shore. And along the length of the slope there can be two or more rows of mattresses, depending on the height of the dam and the hydrological conditions of the river, reservoir, etc.

The mount of gabion mattresses works as follows. During floods with hydrodynamic effects of the flow, the loads are dispersed and partially extinguished due to the flexibility of fastening from gabion mattresses. Part of the stream of the coastal water stream passes through the fastening into the body of the dam and back from the dam to the river, without filtering deformation in the body of the structure and under the fastening. The presence of sand preparation and geotextile 3 at the base of the mattress prevents possible contact erosion of the underlying soil under the fastening. Gabion mattress works both as a protective mount, and as a drainage and filter. When the channel is eroded below the bottom of the mount, the bottom row of mattresses will fall into the erosion funnel (under the influence of gravity) and can take a vertical position. And in this case, the sliding of the fastener will not occur, only the fastening wires of the anchors 9 and the transverse metal wires 2 of the coarse mesh of the base will be tightened more. At the same time, gabion mattresses retain their shape, closely connected with each other and with metal wires 2; bags 4 with vegetable soil, as well as a gabion net attached to metal wires 2, keep the weight of the filler in place. At the same time, in the fertile soil and in a humid environment, the seeds of plants grow rapidly and their root system develops. However, the local soil between the bags 4 will also partially overgrow. Over time, not only grass, but also shrubs will grow through the gabion mattresses, and the entire mount will completely overgrow. With the overgrowth and development of the root system in the body of the mattresses, the strength and stability of the fastening will increase. As a result, the efficiency of the fastening will increase, and the fastening itself will merge with the natural landscape of the coastal zone and turn into a biopositive structure, in which favorable conditions are created for spawning of fish along the coastal fastening, where dense thickets create stagnant zones of water. As a rule, in coastal green and stagnant zones of water, spawning and reproduction of fish occurs, fish fry feed on insect larvae located in green leaves along the edge of the water.

Mounting from gabion mattresses, constructed in the proposed way, does not prevent the circulation of substances and energy, is perceived by nature as a related element, helps the development of nature, most importantly, is included in the river’s ecosystem and helps the development of a self-regulating natural mechanism for water self-cleaning.

The coastal mount of gabion mattresses simultaneously provides both engineering protection and restoration of the natural environment. It refers to effective biopositive structures and can be used on lowland and foothill sections of rivers.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2200790, MKI E02B 3/12, E02D 17/20. The method of construction of a gabion mount / Lamerdonov Z.G., Kurbanov S.O., Dyshekov A.Kh. M., 2003.

Claims (2)

1. A method of erecting a gabion mattress of a biopositive design, including a mesh shell and stone aggregate, characterized in that at the base of the mattress metal wires are pulled at the beginning to form a coarse mesh, on top of which a geotextile is laid out and attached, on which bags filled with fertile vegetable soil with the addition of seeds of perennial grasses and shrubs, and the bags are firmly connected to each other and to the metal wires of the base using of the rope, and the space between the bags to the top is filled with local soil, which together with the bags forms the bottom layer of the mattress, on top of this layer a continuous top layer of stone is arranged, on top of which a gabion net is wrapped and attached to metal coarse mesh wires at the base. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coarse mesh at the base is made of galvanized wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm and is attached to anchors arranged in the slope above the fastening at a distance of the width of the mattress from each other.

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