RU2373460C1 - Settling-type ash collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems.

SUBSTANCE: device refers to power engineering and can be used on boilers firing wood wastes. Ash collector contains at least one vortex ash concentrator with axially symmetrical annular channel, vane swirler built in it, once-through gas-ash flow inlet connection pipe, once-through outlet opening of cleaned gas flow, side ash-saturated flow outlet opening, vertical prismatic four-sided settling chamber having a front wall with at least one ash-saturated flow inlet opening, rear wall with cleaned gas outlet opening, side walls, roofing, bottom with ash outlet opening, internal cavity with built-in assembly consisting of vertical ash-settling plates, as well as flat vertical slot connection pipe of ash-saturated flow, which connects ash concentrator side outlet opening and ash-saturated flow inlet opening of front wall of ash-settling chamber. Peculiar feature of the device is that additional vane swirler is installed in the centre of side outlet opening of ash concentrator, once-through outlet opening of cleaned gas is made in the form of diaphragm, vertical flat slot connection pipe of ash-saturated flow is made in the form of one-sided diffuser opened in the direction of settling chamber bottom, assembly of ash-settling plates is made in internal cavity of settling chamber in the form of at least one vertical trap with rear, side and front walls, which has its own longitudinal and vertical opening on the front wall, which is common for supplying ash-saturated gas and discharging cleaned gas, and bottom ash discharging opening.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing efficiency of ash collection from combustion products before stacks of boilers firing wood wastes.

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Description

The invention relates to energy and can be used in boilers that burn wood waste.

Known ash collector containing a cyclone ash concentrator with a nozzle system for tangential inlet of gas-ash flows, straight-through windows of cleaned gas flows and hearth windows for ash output (Aerodynamic calculation of boiler plants. Regulatory method. Third edition, edited by S. I. Mochan. Energy, L ., 1977, chap. III-D. Ash collectors, p. 89). The drawback of the ash collector is the low efficiency of ash removal from the flow of combustion products in front of the chimneys of boilers burning wood waste.

Known ash collector of the scrubber type, containing a cyclone chamber with a tangential inlet of gas-ash streams, equipped with a water irrigation system, straight-through exhaust gas windows and a bottom window for the extraction of water-ash mixture (patent RU No. 2306485; IPC F23J 3/04 of 05.06.2006, BI No. 26 of 2007). The drawback of the ash collector is the low efficiency of ash removal from the fluxes of combustion products in front of the chimneys during the combustion of wood waste, as well as the need for a large flow of water for irrigation, which necessitates the treatment of effluents.

Known ash collector type containing a multi-arm gas duct with filter elements (Boiler units. Volume 2. Boiler units. Auxiliary devices and operation of boiler plants. K.F.Roddatis, E.I. Romm, N.A.Semenenko and other Gosenergoizdat, M-L., 1946, p. 464-465, fig.). The disadvantage of the invention is the low reliability and complexity of operation of the fabric elements when cleaning combustion products with large particles of ash after boilers that burn wood waste.

Known vortex dust concentrator with an axisymmetric annular channel built into it with a blade swirl, a pipe system for direct inlet of a dust and gas stream, a direct-flow exhaust gas window with an admixture of fine dust of low concentration, as well as a side outlet window for a dusty and ash-saturated stream connected to a gas connection ("Designing furnaces with solid slag removal." Addition to the standard method of thermal calculation of boiler units. Edited by V.V. Mitor and Yu.L. Marshak. Guidelines. Issue 42. L .: 1981, p. 82-87). The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of dust (ash) capture from the flow of combustion products in front of the chimneys of boilers that burn wood waste.

The closest analogue is a sedimentation type ash collector containing at least one vortex ash concentrator with an axisymmetric annular channel, a blade swirler integrated in it, a direct-flow gas-ash inlet branch pipe, a straight-through outlet window of a purified gas stream, a side-discharge window of an ash-saturated four-stream, vertical prismatic sedimentation chamber having a frontal wall with at least one inlet of ash-saturated flow, a rear wall with an outlet window and purified gas, side walls, ceiling, under with an ash-opening window, an internal cavity with a built-in unit of vertical ash-collecting plates, as well as a flat vertical-slotted nozzle of an ash-saturated stream connecting a window for lateral discharge of an ash concentrator and an input window for an ash-saturated flow of a frontal wall of an ash collecting chamber ( Aerodynamic calculation of boiler plants. Normative method. Third edition, edited by S. I. Mochan. Energy, L., 1977, chap. III-D. Ash collectors, pp. 73-78). The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of ash collection from the flow of combustion products in front of the chimneys of boilers burning wood waste, as well as the need for operational energy consumption to create an electric field in the installation.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of ash collection from the streams of combustion products in front of the chimneys of boilers burning wood waste.

To do this, in a sedimentation-type ash collector containing at least one vortex ash concentrator with an axisymmetric annular channel, a blade swirler integrated in it, a direct-flow gas-ash inlet branch pipe, a straight-through gas outlet straight-through outlet window, a four-sided vertical prismatic vertical discharge prismatic outlet window a chamber having a frontal wall with at least one ash-saturated flow inlet window, a rear wall with a purified gas outlet window, sides e walls, ceiling, underneath with an ash-opening window, an internal cavity with a built-in unit of vertical ash-collecting plates, as well as a flat vertical-slotted nozzle of an ash-saturated flow connecting a side outlet window of an ash concentrator and an input window of an ash-saturated frontal flow of an ash collecting chamber according to the invention in the center an additional blade swirl is installed on the side outlet window of the gold concentrator, and the straight-through exhaust window of the purified gas is made in the form of a diaphragm, flat the vertical slotted connecting pipe of the ash-saturated flow is made in the form of a one-sided diffuser opening towards the bottom of the precipitation chamber, the ash collection unit in the inner cavity of the precipitation chamber is made in the form of at least one vertical trap box with rear, side and frontal walls, having the frontal wall has its own longitudinal-vertical window, common for the input of ash-saturated and the outlet of purified gases, and a hearth ash window.

The presence of an additional blade swirl and a diaphragm in the gold concentrator with the simultaneous execution of a connecting pipe in the form of a flat diffuser opening towards the bottom of the precipitation chamber ensures the effective withdrawal of the largest particles into the precipitation chamber, and the assembly of ash settling plates in the form of a vertical trap box with a back, side and the frontal walls, which has its own longitudinally-vertical window for entering saturated with ash and removing purified gases, and a hearth ash discharge the window ensures the efficient deposition of ash particles on the surface of the plates and their draining into the collection hopper.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 presents a diagram of the proposed ash collector precipitation type with one gold concentrator and one box-trap in the precipitation chamber, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section along aa in figure 1, a view in plan; figure 3 is a design variant of the ash collector with two ash concentrators and several trap boxes in the precipitation chamber; figure 4 is a variant of the design of the ash collector with three gold concentrators and one box-trap in the precipitation chamber.

The sedimentation-type ash collector in FIGS. 1, 2 contains a vortex ash concentrator 1 having an axisymmetric annular channel 2, a blade swirler 3 integrated therein, a direct-flow inlet of a zologovogo flow 4 (hereinafter referred to as a direct-flow inlet), a direct-flow outlet of a purified gas stream 5, window for lateral discharge of ash-saturated flow 6, vertical prismatic tetrahedral sedimentation chamber 7, having a frontal wall 8 with an inlet of ash-saturated flow 9, a rear wall 10 with a window for the release of purified gas a 11, side walls 12, 13, a ceiling 14, under 15 with an ash-opening window 16, an internal cavity 17 with an integrated assembly of vertical ash-collecting plates 18, as well as a flat vertical-slotted nozzle for the ash-filled stream 19, connecting the side outlet window for the ash-filled stream 6 the ash concentrator 1 and the input window of the ash-saturated flow 9 of the frontal wall 8 of the ash collecting chamber 7. A feature of the ash collector is the installation of an additional scapula in the center of the side outlet window of the ash-saturated flow 6 of the ash concentrator 1 a swirl 20, a direct-flow exhaust gas window 5 in the form of a diaphragm, a flat vertical-slotted connecting pipe 19 of an ash-saturated flow between the gold concentrator 1 and the precipitation chamber 7 in the form of a one-sided diffuser opening to the side of the hearth 16 of the precipitation chamber 7, the ash collecting plate assembly 18 in the inner cavity 17 of the precipitation chamber 7 in the form of a vertical trap box with a back 21, side 22 and frontal 23 walls, having its own a mother-vertical window 24, common for the input saturated with ash and the output of purified gases, and a hearth ash window 25.

The operation of the ash collector of the precipitation type in FIGS. 1, 2 is carried out by feeding into the ash concentrator 1 through a direct-flow inlet 4 of a zologovogo stream 26 evacuated from the boiler (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2) burning wood waste. From the direct-flow inlet branch pipe 4, the zologase stream 26 is directed into an axisymmetric annular channel 2 with a blade swirler 3 built into it. In the blade swirl 3, the largest particles 27 are pressed to the periphery of the axisymmetric ring channel 2 and enter the connecting pipe 19 through the side windows for the discharge of ash-saturated stream 6 . In the additional blade swirl 20 and on the diaphragm surface 28 of the direct-flow window of the cleaned gas stream 5, an additional output of particles to the connector the nipple 19. The bulk of the cleaned gas 29 with fine ash through the straight-through window of the cleaned gas stream 5 is discharged to the smoke exhaust and into the chimney (not shown in Figs. 1, 2), a part of the gas with coarse large ash particles 27 through the connecting pipe 19 sent to the input window of the ash-saturated stream 9 of the precipitation chamber 7; in the inner cavity 17 of the precipitation chamber 7, a highly concentrated zologase mixture enters the ash collecting unit 18 and leaves large ash particles 27 in it. Large ash particles 27 accumulate on the ash collecting unit 18 and flow down to the bottom ash collecting window 25, then through the main ash outlet 16 hearth 15 in the ash storage hopper (not shown in FIGS. 1, 2). The purified gas stream 30 from the precipitation chamber 7 enters the window for the release of purified gas 11 of the rear wall 10 of the precipitation chamber 7 and then to the exhaust fan and into the chimney. Separation of the zologase stream 26 in the ash concentrator 1 into the main mass of purified gas 29 and the highly concentrated zologase stream with large particles of ash 27 can reduce the flow rate and gas velocity in the settling chamber 7 to a value lower than the speed of the coarse ash particles 27 in suspension, which keeps the last from removal from the site of ash settling plates 18.

The invention can also be implemented in the ash collector shown in Fig.3. Here, the same designations are introduced as for the device described above in Figs. 1, 2. Two boilers operating on wood waste can be connected to this ash collector at once in accordance with the number of direct-flow inlets 4 and ash concentrators 1.

The operation of the ash collector in figure 3 is similar to the operation of the ash collector in figure 1, 2. The efficiency of the ash collector in figure 3 is increased by using two ash concentrators 1.

The invention can also be implemented in the ash collector shown in Fig.4. Here, the same designations are introduced as for the device described above in Figs. 1, 2.

The ash collector in figure 4 is carried out in the same way that the ash collector in figure 1, 2. According to the number of ash concentrators, three boilers running on wood waste can be connected to the device at once.

Thus, the ash collector device is multifunctional, able to operate both from one boiler (figure 2), and two (figure 3), three (figure 4) boilers - according to the number of inlet pipes 4 and ash concentrators 1.

The practical use of the proposed ash collector is associated with boilers that burn wood waste, in particular with high-speed type furnaces having a significant removal of coarse ash particles. By installing the proposed device in figures 1, 3 on boilers KE - 6.5-13 (6.5 tons of steam per hour), a significant ash collection efficiency of wood ash was achieved. In particular, in comparison with the dismantled cyclone plant, the volume of ash collected in the sub-bin increased by 4-5 times. A further increase in the efficiency of the device depends on a large number of factors, both operational and constructive in nature. Their definition is associated with the commissioning test of the installation and subsequent structural studies of units and parts. These factors are taken outside the scope of the proposal;

Claims (1)

A sedimentation-type ash collector containing at least one vortex ash concentrator with an axisymmetric annular channel, a blade swirler integrated in it, a direct-flow gas-ash inlet branch pipe, a clean-gas flow straight-through outlet window, an ash-flow side discharge window, and a vertical prismatic tetrahedral precipitation chamber a frontal wall with at least one ash-filled flow inlet window, a rear wall with a purified gas outlet window, side walls, along an overhead cover, under with an asylum window, an internal cavity with a built-in unit of vertical ash plates, as well as a flat vertically slit nozzle of an ash-saturated stream connecting a side outlet window of an ash concentrator and an inlet port of an ash-saturated frontal wall of an ash collecting chamber, characterized in that in the center of the window an additional blade swirl is installed on the side outlet of the gold concentrator, and the straight-through exhaust gas window is made in the form of a diaphragm, a flat vertical the no-slot connecting pipe of the ash-saturated flow is made in the form of a one-sided diffuser opening towards the bottom of the precipitation chamber, the node of the precipitation plates in the inner cavity of the precipitation chamber is made in the form of at least one vertical trap box with rear, side and frontal walls, having The frontal wall has its own longitudinally vertical window, common for the input of ash-saturated and purified gases, and a hearth ash window.

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