RU2363820C1 - Method for erection of self-bearing external walls of frame-monolithic houses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of construction, namely to methods for manufacturing of fencing structures of buildings, and may be used in high-rise house building, and also in low-rise house building. Method for erection of self-bearing, external walls of frame-monolithic houses including making of fixed falsework between floor slabs with further laying of mix for light concrete into space of falsework and its concreting. Besides right on construction site near erected object or in separate workshop, rigid volume frame of panel is formed, window or balcony opening is formed of sheet material in volume frame, at external side of volume frame external heat insulating layer is arranged, as well as decorative facade coating, window/balcony block is inserted into provided opening, and outside esconsons are arranged. Afterwards volume block is lifted to the necessary floor, after installation of volume block into design position and its fixation to floors made of small-dimension sheets, internal fixed falsework is mounted, and then space between fixed falseworks is filled with light concrete.

EFFECT: minimised amount of material delivered directly to floor, provision of possibility to make maximum amount of technological processes related to assembly of modules of self-bearing, external walls of frame-monolithic houses.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of manufacturing walling of buildings, and can be used in high-rise housing construction, as well as in low-rise housing construction.

A known method according to the application "Method of construction of the external walls of structures" No. 93040120 from 1993.08.06. The essence of the method lies in the fact that in the method of erecting the outer walls of structures, including the installation of reusable internal formwork, the tiled installation of the outer formwork remaining in the construction of the cladding plates, their fixation and pouring concrete between the formwork, formwork panels with the height of the cladding are used as the internal formwork plates that are mounted with the possibility of tiered interchange between racks and corner elements having a floor height for fixing the facing plates in the interdeck rods are mounted vertically in the space, onto which temporary plate holders are put on, then the tiers installed on the plate holders are connected to the top with the formwork panel with temporary screeds and concrete is poured between the formwork, and after it is set, temporary screeds are removed, the rods and holders and the formation of the next tier begins with rearrangement of the shuttering board and deepening of the rods in the hardened concrete of the previous tier.

The closest to the claimed invention in technical essence is the patent No. 2285094 dated 03/28/05, "Method for the manufacture of a three-layer curtain wall", publ. 10.10.06, the invention relates to the construction, and in particular to methods of manufacturing walling of buildings, and can be used in low-rise and high-rise housing construction. Technical result: reduction of installation time for walling, cheaper curtain wall. A method of manufacturing a three-layer curtain wall includes the manufacture of non-removable formwork between the floor slabs, followed by laying in the formwork mix for lightweight concrete and monolithing it, moreover, for the manufacture of the fixed formwork, a frame in the form of vertical racks is installed along the perimeter of the building between the floor slabs, to which from the outside there are successively they attach a steel mesh with a cell size in the light in the range from 50 mm to 150 mm and large-sized facing plates, and from the inside to thin-slabs are rigidly fixed on the racks on the racks, after which lightweight KAPSIMET concrete is laid from the coarse binder coarse with a porous aggregate fr. 5-50 mm.

The proposed technical solution is aimed at reducing the complexity of the process of erecting walls and installing windows with a significant reduction in the time of technological processes associated with the preparation of building materials, delivering them to the required floor, simplifying the technology and the possibility of erecting walls of light concrete with a simultaneous installation of the facade, including installation of the facade windows and the installation of slopes, as well as the possibility of works on the installation of walls and the facade of the building year-round, including and at low ambient temperatures.

The problem is solved due to the fact that directly on the construction site near the building under construction or in a separate workshop, a rigid volumetric frame of the panel is formed, a window or balcony aperture is formed from sheet material in the volumetric frame, an external insulation layer and a decorative facade are made on the outside of the volumetric frame the coating, the window / balcony block is inserted into the formed opening and the device of the external slopes is executed, after which the volume block is lifted to the required floor, after installing the volume unit in the design position and fixing it to the floors of thin sheets, the internal fixed formwork is mounted and the necessary plumbing and electrical communications provided by the project are installed, and then the space between the fixed formwork is filled with light concrete. The panels are installed on several floors at once, and lightweight concrete is poured sequentially from the lower floor to the upper floor.

The set of features is new and allows to minimize the amount of material delivered directly to the floor, to ensure the maximum number of technological processes associated with the assembly of modules of the self-supporting external walls of frame-monolithic houses due to the fact that a rigid volumetric frame of a panel of metal guides is formed directly on the construction site next to object under construction or in a separate workshop. If the project provides for the installation of a window / balcony block in the wall module, in this case a window / balcony opening is formed from sheet material in the volumetric frame. An external insulating layer is made on the outside of the surround frame, which allows to reduce the wall thickness without loss of thermal characteristics and increase the useful area of the interior. Any decorative facade coating is applied to the heat-conducting layer, and since this technology eliminates the need to install scaffolding and / or building cradles, decorating the facade can be an artwork of any complexity, from a coating with a variety of color solutions to a mosaic coating. After applying a decorative facade coating, a window / balcony block is inserted into the formed opening and the device of external slopes is executed, after which the panel is lifted to the necessary floor. Before installing the panel in the design position, the compensating gasket is fastened to the lower side of the upper floor, which protects the walls from destruction during design deflections of the floors. After installing the panel in the design position and fixing it to the ceilings, the frame is sheathed with sheet materials from the inside, thereby mounting the internal fixed formwork, along with it the installation of the necessary and provided for by the project plumbing and electrical communications. After final lining on the inner side between the fixed formwork, the interdeck space is filled with light concrete, for example expanded clay, aerated concrete, foam concrete or polystyrene concrete. Since the wall of the panels does not absorb the load from the upstream ceilings and walls, the wall is self-supporting and the panels can be installed on several floors at once, which speeds up the process of installing panels. Light concrete pouring is carried out sequentially from the lower floor to the upper floor. Since this technology allows you to create a thermal circuit due to the fact that the insulation is present in the panel, this allows pouring at negative outside temperatures without additional heating or with minimal heating of the interior.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - panel, General view;

figure 2 - panel, section 1-1;

figure 3 - panel section 2-2.

Figure 1 shows the panel (1), a rigid volumetric frame (2), an external insulation layer (3), a decorative facade coating (4), an opening (5), a window / balcony block (6), external slopes (7). Figure 2 shows the panel (1), internal fixed formwork (8), expansion joint (9), lightweight concrete (10), upper floor (11), lower floor (12). Figure 3 shows the panel (1), the upper floor (11), the lower floor (12), plumbing and electrical communications (13), deck space (14).

The method of construction of self-supporting outer walls of frame-monolithic houses is as follows. A rigid volumetric frame (2) of the panel (1) is formed directly on the construction site next to the building under construction or in a separate workshop, if the panel / 1 has a window / balcony aperture (5) in the project, then a sheet material is formed on the volumetric frame (2) window or balcony aperture (5), on the outside of the volumetric frame (2) an external insulation layer (3) and a decorative facade coating (4) are made. After applying a decorative facade coating (4), a window / balcony block (6) is inserted into the formed opening (5) and the external slopes (7) are installed. After that, the panel (1) is lifted to the required floor. Before installing the panel (1) in the design position, the expansion joint (9) is fastened to the lower side of the upper floor (11). After installing the panel in the design position and fixing it to the ceilings (11) and (12) from the thin sheets, the internal fixed formwork is mounted (8) and the necessary plumbing and electrical communications (13) provided by the project are installed and then into the interdeck space (14) lightweight concrete is poured (10).

Claims (3)

1. A method of erecting self-supporting external walls of frame-monolithic houses, including the manufacture of fixed formwork between the floor slabs, followed by laying a mixture for light concrete and monolithing it, characterized in that it is formed directly on the construction site next to the building under construction or in a separate workshop rigid volumetric frame of the panel, a window or balcony aperture is formed from sheet material in the volumetric frame; on the outside of the volumetric frame, an external insulating layer and decorative facade coating, a window / balcony block is inserted into the formed opening and external slopes are installed, then the volume block is lifted to the required floor, after the volume block is installed in the design position and fixed to the overlap of thin sheets, the fixed non-removable is mounted formwork, and then the space between fixed formwork is filled with light concrete. 2. The method of erecting the self-supporting external walls of frame-monolithic houses according to claim 1, characterized in that after installing the volume unit in the design position and fixing it to the floors of thin sheets, the internal fixed formwork is mounted and the necessary plumbing and electrical communications provided by the project are installed and then the space between fixed formwork is filled with lightweight concrete. 3. The method of erecting self-supporting external walls of frame-monolithic houses according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels are installed on several floors at once, and lightweight concrete is poured in series, starting from the lower floor to the upper floor.

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