RU2359175C2 - System of autonomous heating and hot water supply with natural circulation of heat carrier (versions) and method of water heating - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: inventions refer to water systems of heating and can be implemented in autonomous systems of heating and hot water supply. The system of autonomous heating and hot water supply with natural circulation of heat carrier coupled with hot water supply consists of a heat generator, of an extension tank, which is also used as capacitive heater, of a tank-accumulator of hot water with float valve for automatic maintaining water level in the tank and with a control overflow branch, of a main stand pipe connecting the upper point of the water jacket of the heat generator with the extension tank, of a supplying heat pipeline connecting lower part of side walls of the extension tank with stand pipes of heat supply and stand pipes of hot water supply, of heating devices connected to the stand pipes of heat supply, of shower sprinklers and hot taps connected with the stand pipes of hot water supply, and of stand pipes of heat supply and stand pipes of hot water supply connected in lower points with a reverse heat pipeline, which is connected to the lower point of the water jacket of the heat generator and which creates an integrated circuit of heat carrier circulation; also the extension tank-heat accumulator is made in form a vertically assembled cylinder and is equipped with a branch of tangential supply of cold water installed in the upper part of the tank and with a branch for discharge of hot water installed in the lower part of the tank; supplying and reverse heat pipelines are made in form of rectangular loops and are connected correspondingly with the extension tank-heat accumulator and with the heat generator in geometrical centres of rectangular loops via T-shaped heat pipelines; each stand pipe of hot water supply is connected with the supplying heat pipeline of upper pipe layout through an intermediary tank-heat accumulator, the bottom of which is located above the supplying heat pipeline for not less, than 100 mm; a sensor of automatic maintaining of preset temperature of hot water supplied for needs of heating and hot water supply is installed at the outlet from the extension tank; a circulating pump is assembled at the inlet of heat carrier into the heat generator; a steam-water heating boiler with multiplicity of circulation from 50 to 500 is used as a heat generator; the heat generator can be equipped with a burner without forced feed of air; room-after-room thermo-regulators of air temperature are assembled on heating devices; the system consists of the re-circulating heat pipeline connecting the extension tank with the T-shaped reverse heat pipeline at the inlet of heat carrier into the heat generator at the region of the inlet branch of the circulating pump, of a circulation ejector coupled into a block with the circulating pump, of a temperature regulator of heat carrier at the inlet into the heat generator, of a temperature regulator of heat carrier at the outlet from the heat generator maintaining maximum allowed and constant temperature during the whole period of heating system, and of the main stand pipe made vertical and communicating with atmosphere, while the level of its utmost upper point corresponds to the level of the upper point of side walls of the extension tank; the main stand pipe is connected to the extension tank with the branch at the level of lower point of side walls of the extension tank; the branch connecting the main stand pipe with the extension tank and the branch connecting the extension tank with the heat supply pipeline is connected each inside the extension tank with a steeply to 90° bent tap; both taps are placed in one horizontal plane; the outlet from the first tap downstream heat carrier is directed to the inlet into the second tap along a short arc of circumference; the supplying heat pipeline of the upper pipe layout contains de-aerating vents, the level of the upper point of which corresponds to the level of the upper point of the side walls of the extension tank; the heat generator contains a reserve fan-less burner with a manual valve for control over burning process; the stand pipes of heating are made according to two-pipe installation circuit; heating surfaces of the heat generator made out of corrosion resistant steel contain a device for heating a floor. The main stand pipe, the extension tank-heat accumulator, the intermediary tank-heat accumulator and a de-aerating column have the geodetic level of the utmost upper point not less, than 1 metre above the required level of heat carrier, height of column of which facilitates hydro-static pressure in the supplying heat pipeline corresponding to boiling temperature equal to maximum allowed temperature of heat carrier for given building within the range of 95-150°C. Also here are disclosed versions of the system of autonomous heating and hot water supply and the method of water heating in the system of autonomous heating and hot water supply with natural circulation of heat carrier.

EFFECT: facilitating temperature rise of heat carrier to ultimate allowable value for given building, rise of driving pressure of natural circulation of heat carrier, reduced metal consumption of system of autonomous heating, and facilitating operation of system of autonomous heating under conditions of emergency shutdown of electric power supply.

10 cl, 1 tbl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water heating systems and can be used in autonomous heating systems and hot water supply.

Known water heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant, including a heat generator, expansion tank, supply and return piping of the heating system, pipelines of cold and hot water, and the water for hot water is taken from the heating system (see Livchak I.F. Apartment heating. M. , 1982, p.130, fig. 111.2-3). In the mentioned publication, a similar, but closed heat supply scheme is also considered (p.136, fig. 11.5.5).

The disadvantages of the known analogues are:

- complexity of use for high-rise buildings;

- low driving rotation of the natural coolant circulation;

- low efficiency of heating devices.

Known combined system of water heating and hot water with natural circulation of coolant for low-rise buildings according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2194217, publ. December 10, 2002. A system with natural coolant circulation contains an expansion tank-heat accumulator with a built-in water heater and an ejector that ensures stability of the coolant circulation; a drawback of the known water heating system with natural circulation is the complexity of using the system for high-rise buildings.

A known system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to patent RU No. 2272221, published 2006. 03. 20, MKI 7 F24D 3/10, selected by the applicant as a prototype of the device and method.

The known system is designed for autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of coolant for buildings of any number of storeys.

The prototype has certain disadvantages:

- a relatively small driving pressure of natural circulation;

- relatively high metal consumption;

- relatively low stability of the circulation of the coolant during emergency power outage.

The technical result of the invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages of analogues and prototype and is achieved by the following solutions.

The autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant combined with hot water supply contains a heat generator, an expansion tank, which is also used as a capacitive heater and a hot water storage tank with a float valve to automatically maintain the water level in it and a control overflow pipe, the main riser connecting the upper point of the water jacket of the heat generator with an expansion tank, supplying a heat conduit connecting the lower part of the side walls of the expansion tank with heating pipes and hot water pipes, heaters connected to heating pipes, shower nets and hot water taps connected to hot pipes, heating pipes and hot pipes are connected at the lower points to the return heat pipe that is connected to the lower point of the water jacket of the heat generator and forms a single coolant circulation loop, the expansion tank-heat accumulator is made in the form of a vertically mounted cylinder and is equipped with a pipe cold water tangential inlet installed in the upper part of the tank and a tangential hot water outlet pipe installed in its lower part, the supply and return heat pipes are made in the form of rectangular loops and are connected respectively to the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the heat generator in the geometric centers of the rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, each riser of hot water supply is connected to the supply heat pipe through an intermediate heat storage tank, the bottom of which is p located above the supply heat pipe, at the outlet of the expansion tank-accumulator, not less than 100 mm, a sensor for automatically maintaining the set temperature of hot water supplied for the needs of heat supply and hot water supply is installed at the outlet of the expansion tank, the diameters of the heat supply risers are taken as design standards that provide a water velocity of up to 0.5 m / s in them; a circulation pump is installed at the coolant inlet to the heat generator. A steam boiler with a circulation rate of 50 to 500 was used as a heat generator; the heat generator can be equipped with a burner without forced air supply. The heaters are equipped with room temperature thermostats. The system contains a recirculating heat pipe connecting the expansion tank with a T-shaped return heat pipe at the inlet of the heat carrier to the heat generator in the area of the inlet pipe of the circulation pump. The system contains a circulating ejector, interlocked with a circulation pump, contains a temperature regulator for the coolant at the inlet to the heat generator, also contains a temperature regulator for the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator, the temperature set, maximum permissible, constant during the heating period, the mark of the upper point of the vertical main riser in communication with atmosphere, corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the main riser is connected to the expansion tank at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the pipe connecting the main riser to the expansion tank and the pipe connecting the expansion tank to the supply pipe are each connected inside the expansion tank with a 90 ° steep bend, both outlets are in the same horizontal plane, exit from the first of the outlet, along the coolant, is directed towards the entrance to the second outlet along a short arc of a circle, the supply heat pipe of the upper pipe wiring contains deaeration air vents, a soda heat generator rzhit backup fanless burner having a manual control valve combustion process, heat risers formed by two pipe system, the heat generator heating surfaces made of stainless steel, the system comprises a heater - heating the floor. According to the invention, the main riser, the expansion tank-heat accumulator and the intermediate tank-heat accumulator have a geodetic mark of the extreme upper point not less than 1 meter above the required level of heat carrier, the column height of which provides a hydrostatic pressure in the falling heat conductor corresponding to the boiling temperature, which is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for a given building, in the range of 95-150 ° С. The expansion tank-heat accumulator and the intermediate tank-heat accumulator each contain a special candle, which is placed on the lid of the heat accumulator tank, made of a pipe whose diameter ensures a coolant temperature on the surface of the working liquid level of less than 100 ° C. The circulation pump is blocked according to the bypass circuit with a valve installed on the return heat pipe at its inlet to the heat generator. The recirculation heat conduit is connected to the pipe, by which the main riser is connected to the expansion tank-heat accumulator. The recirculation heat conduit can be connected to the supply heat conduit at the outlet of the expansion tank-heat accumulator, and with the return heat conduit through the inlet pipe of the circulation pump interlocked with the circulation ejector.

A method of heating water in an autonomous heat supply system and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant includes supplying tap water to the system, heating water in the heat generator to a predetermined temperature, supplying hot water through the main riser to an expansion tank-heat accumulator, supplying hot water from an expansion tank through a heat supply pipe to heating appliances, hot water taps and shower grids, returning chilled water from risers through the return heat pipe to the heat generator, to the tap water system to the expansion tank, the heat accumulator is produced tangentially in the upper part of the expansion tank, and hot water is drained from the expansion tank into the supply pipe tangentially in the lower part of the expansion tank, hot water is supplied to heating devices, shower grids and water taps and the chilled return water to the heat generator is carried out through the supply and return heat conduits, made in the form of rectangular loops connected respectively to the expansion by a tank and a heat generator in the geometric centers of rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, hot water is supplied from the heat supply pipe to the hot water risers through intermediate heat storage tanks, the bottoms of which are located above the heat supply pipe, at the outlet of the expansion heat storage tank, not less than 100 mm, in addition to the natural circulation of the coolant, it is forced to circulate due to the circulation pump, the water is heated in the steam a boiler with a circulation rate of 50 to 500. In addition to the natural one, the heat carrier can be circulated by means of a circulation ejector, which is interlocked with a circulation pump, the temperature of the heat carrier at the inlet to the heat generator is ensured by the use of a temperature controller, and the temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet of the heat generator provide through the use of a temperature controller that maintains a given maximum temperature of the coolant, constant throughout the heating period, which increases the driving pressure of the natural circulation, the coolant is supplied from the main riser to the expansion tank and from the expansion tank to the supply heat pipe at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank through pipes, each of which is connected inside the expansion tank with a 90 ° steep bend , both branches are located in one horizontal plane, the exit from the first branch, along the coolant, is directed towards the entrance to the second branch along a short arc of a circle, which creates The thorough movement of water in the expansion tank, deaeration of hot water in the system is ensured by maintaining a predetermined maximum temperature at the outlet of the heat generator and using steam, as well as due to the fact that the vertical main riser communicates directly with the atmosphere, and the supply heat pipe of the upper pipe wiring contains deaeration air vents , water heating, in the event of an emergency interruption of power supply, is ensured by ignition of a backup fanless burner of a heat generator having a manual control valve Ia combustion process. According to the invention, the method includes increasing the coolant level by at least 1 meter above the liquid column mark, which provides a hydrostatic pressure in the falling heat conduit corresponding to the boiling point, which in this case is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for a given building, in the range of 95-150 ° C, includes ensuring the temperature of the coolant on the surface of the working level of less than 100 ° C by selecting the appropriate pipe diameter for the manufacture of a special candle, which is placed on the lid of the heat storage tank and is used as a continuation of its side walls, the coolant is circulated in addition to the natural one due to the circulation pump, which is blocked by the bypass circuit with the main valve installed on the return heat pipe, at the inlet to the heat generator, while the valve is closed, or only due to the driving pressure of the natural circulation and the valve is open, the heat carrier is recirculated by taking the heat carrier before it enters the expansion tank a heat sink, for which the recirculation heat pipe is connected to the pipe, with which the main riser is connected to the expansion tank-heat accumulator, the heat carrier can be recirculated by taking the heat carrier at the outlet of the expansion tank, the heat accumulator, for which the recirculation heat pipe is connected to the supply heat conduit, in the return heat conduit can be carried out through the inlet pipe of the circulation pump, interlocked with the circulation ejector, and water heating In the case of the abort power provide by raising the coolant temperature at the outlet of the heat generator with a nominal value to the maximum allowable for the building, in the range 95-150 ° C.

The essence of the claimed technical solutions is illustrated by the drawings depicted in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5. Figure 1 shows an open system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant, combined with hot water supply. Figure 2 shows a view along arrow A in the drawing of Figure 1. Figure 3 shows a closed system of autonomous heat supply with natural circulation of the coolant, hot water supply of which is provided through the use of capacitive heat exchangers. Figure 4 shows a closed technologically independent system of autonomous heat supply with natural circulation of the coolant. Figure 5 shows a technologically independent system of autonomous hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant. An independent system of autonomous heat supply with natural circulation of the coolant, Figure 4, and a hot water system with natural circulation of the coolant, Figure 5, have their own heat generators. Closed systems, Fig.3 and Fig.4, contain a dispenser for the use of substances that prevent corrosion of pipes, the dispenser is placed on the lid of the expansion tank.

The autonomous heat supply and hot water supply system with natural circulation of the coolant shown in FIG. 1 contains a heat generator 1, an expansion tank-heat accumulator 2, made in the form of a vertically mounted cylinder, a main riser 3. The expansion tank 2 is equipped with a float valve 4 that controls the water level in him, and a control overflow pipe 7. From above, a pipe 5 is connected to the heat storage tank 2, supplying cold water from the water supply. The pipe 5 is connected to a 90 ° bend (elbow) 6, the outlet of which is directed tangentially relative to the expansion tank 2. A pipe 14 is connected to the lower part of the heat storage tank 2, connecting the tank 2 to the supply heat pipe 8 of the upper pipe wiring made in the form of a rectangular loopback, through a T-shaped heat conductor 15 connected to the heat conductor 8 in its geometric center. The heat supply risers 8 are connected to the risers 9 of heat supply with heating devices 11, the inlet pipes of which are equipped with temperature regulators 21. The risers 10 of hot water supply, equipped with apartment water taps and shower nets 12, are connected to the supply heat conduit 8 through intermediate heat storage tanks 17, the bottoms of which are located above the nozzle 14 is not less than 100 mm The risers 9 and 10 are connected at lower points to the return heat conduit 13 of the lower pipe wiring. The return heat conduit 13, as well as the supply heat conduit 8, is made in the form of a rectangular loopback and connected to the lower part of the heating jacket of the heat generator 1 using a T-shaped heat conduit 16 connected to the return heat conduit 13 in its geometric center. The system is equipped with a hot water temperature sensor 18 at the outlet of the expansion tank 2, located on the nozzle 14. A circulation pump 19 is installed at the inlet of the heat carrier 1, a steam boiler with a circulation rate of 50 to 500 is used as a heat generator, 11 are installed on the heating devices 11 thermostats 21 room-by-room air temperature control. The system contains a recirculation heat pipe 22 connecting the expansion tank-heat generator 2 with a return heat pipe 13 in the region of the inlet pipe of the circulation pump 19. The system contains a circulation ejector 23 interlocked with the circulation pump 19. The system contains a temperature controller 24 for the coolant at the inlet to the heat generator 1. The system contains coolant temperature controller 25 at the outlet of the heat generator 1. The controller 25 provides a predetermined coolant temperature, the maximum and constant during heating spruce period. The mark of the upper point of the vertical main riser 3, which is connected with the atmosphere, corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank-heat accumulator 2. The main riser 3 is connected to the expansion tank 2 by the pipe 26. The pipe 26 connecting the main riser 3 with the expansion tank 2, and the pipe 14 connecting the expansion tank to the supply heat conduit 8, each is connected inside the expansion tank with a steep bend 27. The supply heat conduit 8 contains deaeration air vents 28. The heat generator 1 contains a working Relkom 20 and backup fanless burner 29 having a manual control valve 30 the combustion process. The risers 9 are made according to the two-pipe scheme. The heating surface 31 of the heat generator 1 is made of stainless steel. The system contains a heating device 32 - floor heating. The autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant can have a closed version, hot water supply is achieved through the use of capacitive heat exchangers 9, Fig.3. Closed heat supply systems, Fig.3 and Fig.4, contain a dispenser 36 for the use of substances that prevent corrosion of pipes. The dispenser 36 is placed on the lid of the expansion tank 2. According to the invention, the main riser 3, the expansion tank-heat accumulator 2 and the intermediate tank-heat accumulator 17 have a geodetic mark of the extreme upper point at least 1 meter above the required level of the heat carrier, the height of the column of which ensures in the heat supply pipe 8 hydrostatic pressure corresponding to the boiling point, which in this case is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for a given building, in the range of 95-150 C. The expansion tank is heat the battery 2 and the intermediate heat storage tank 17 each contain a special candle 33, which is located on the lid of the heat storage tank, made of a pipe whose diameter ensures a coolant temperature on the surface of the working liquid level of less than 100 ° C. The circulation pump 19 is blocked by bypass with a main valve 34 installed on the return heat conduit 13 (16) at its inlet to the heat generator 1. The recirculation heat pipe 22 is connected to the pipe 26, by which the main riser 3 is connected to the expansion tank-heat accumulator 2. The recirculation heat pipe 22 can be connected to the incident heat conduit 8 (15) at its outlet from the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the return heat conduit 13 (16) through the inlet pipe of the circulation pump 19, interlocked with the circulation ejector om 23. The proposed system of autonomous heating and hot water with natural circulation of coolant works as follows. The system is filled with water through the return heat pipe 13 with water from the water supply. The system is fed with cold water during its operation through the pipe 5 connected to the outlet 6, the outlet of which is directed tangentially relative to the expansion tank 2. At the same time, the water level in the tank 2 is regulated by the float valve 4. When the heat generator 1 is operating, the water heated to the specified maximum temperature, under the influence of the difference in the weight of the water columns in the return risers 9 and 10 and the main riser 3 from the heat generator 1 through the main riser 3 enters the expansion tank 2. Here, the heating water is mixed with cold water, p coming out of the water supply (5-15 ° С) and heats it up to the temperature accepted for hot water supply (60 ° С). The water heated in the tank 2 is supplied through a pipe 14 located at the lower point of the heat storage tank 2 and enters the supply pipe 8. The tangential supply of cold water and heating water to the expansion tank, as well as the tangential discharge of hot water from it, provide rotational movement water in the tank, which contributes to intensive mixing of the heating water coming from the heat generator 1 and cold water coming from the water supply through the pipe 5. Hot water flows to the risers 9 of the heat supply through the supply heat pipe 8 and through them heating appliances 11 and 32, as well as to the risers 10 of hot water supply and through them to the apartment taps and shower nets 12, while hot water is supplied to the risers 10 through intermediate heat storage tanks 17, the bottoms of which are located above the pipe 14 at least 100 mm This ensures that the heating devices operate during an emergency shutdown of tap water, since in this case, first of all, hot water will not enter the risers 10 of the hot water supply. In risers 9 and 10, heating devices 11 and 32, hot water gives up some of its heat, and through water taps and shower nets 12 it is partially disassembled for the needs of hot water supply. Chilled water from risers 9 and 10 through the return heat pipe 13 of the lower pipe wiring returns to the heat generator 1, completing the circulation circuit. The circulation pump 19 increases the stability of the circulation of the coolant during transient conditions. Thermostats 21 of the heating devices 11 and 32 provide room-by-day control of air temperature by changing the amount of coolant circulating through the heating devices 11 and 32. The temperature controller 25 of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator 1 provides a predetermined maximum temperature constant during the heating season, for example t = 95- 150 ° C = const, which allows to obtain the maximum driving pressure of the natural circulation. The high temperature of the coolant in the main riser 3, in the expansion tank-heat accumulator 2 and in the heat supply pipe 8 of the upper pipe wiring, the use of steam, as well as the main riser communicating with the atmosphere and the use of deaeration air vents 28 contribute to the natural deaeration of the coolant circulating in the system. The air temperature in the rooms is provided by heating devices 11 and 32 (floor heating) in a ratio of approximately 50/50. In the event of an emergency interruption in power supply, it is possible to ignite a backup fanless burner 29 having a faucet 30 for manual control of the combustion process, and the heat supply system will fulfill its function. The circulation of the coolant in this case will be ensured by the driving pressure of the natural circulation, the evacuation of the combustion products will be ensured by the self-pulling of the chimney. An autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant is able to work without the use of electricity for an arbitrarily long time. The steam received from the steam-heating heat generator 1 in an amount of up to 2% is used occasionally for deaeration of the coolant water during an emergency interruption of power supply. The autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant can be closed, and hot water supply is achieved through the use of capacitive heat exchangers 35, Fig.3.

The autonomous heat supply system and the hot water system with natural circulation of the coolant can be made technologically independent, each system having its own heat generator, Figure 4 and Figure 5. The operation of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply systems with natural circulation of the coolant for any of the three above-mentioned variants of the system will be essentially the same. The proposed system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural coolant circulation is applicable for buildings of any number of storeys, for example, 10-storey buildings and above, since with increasing building height the driving pressure of natural circulation increases proportionally. The driving pressure of the natural circulation of the proposed system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply, taking into account the heating of the water in the boiler to a predetermined maximum temperature due to the lower density of the steam-water mixture in the main riser 3, compared with a higher density of water in the return riser 9 depending on the height of the building may be sufficient to ensure reliable circulation of the coolant. The circulation pump 19 is designed to increase the stability of the circulation of the coolant and to ensure a constant (passport) flow of water through the heat generator 1, taking into account the use of the recirculation heat pipe 22. The recirculation heat pipe 22 allows independent connection of the heat load.

According to the invention, the autonomous heat supply system contains a special candle 33, which is placed on the lid of the heat storage tank 2 and is used as an extension of its side walls, which allows increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the falling heat conduit 8 and, accordingly, increasing the supply temperature to the maximum permissible value for a given building, in the range 95-150 ° C. Increasing the temperature of the coolant increases the driving pressure of the natural circulation, and also significantly reduces the flow of coolant. Reducing the flow rate of the coolant in the heat supply system means a decrease in the speed of movement of water in the pipes, and since the hydraulic resistance of the system is proportional to the square of the speed of the coolant, increasing the temperature of the coolant significantly reduces the magnitude of the necessary driving pressure of natural circulation. The use of an autonomous heat supply system and hot water supply for multi-storey buildings in the form of an attached boiler house allows one to have a large chimney with a self-exhaust chimney sufficient to evacuate the combustion products, and the use of a reserve fanless burner 29 with a manual control valve 30 in the heat generator allows, if necessary, heat supply without power consumption. According to the invention, in the event of a power outage, the autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant can be switched to a mode in which the coolant temperature is increased from the nominal value to the maximum permissible for the building, for example from 95 ° C to 115 ° C, which can significantly increase stability of coolant circulation. The autonomous heat supply system in nominal mode can operate with a coolant temperature of 115 ° C instead of 95 ° C, adopted by the prototype, and this will significantly reduce the metal consumption of the system by reducing the diameter of the pipes from which it is made. The proposed heat supply system is the most reliable of the existing water heat supply systems. Taking into account the energy savings on the circulation pump and on the blower fan drive of the heat generator burner, it can be argued that the proposed autonomous heat supply and hot water supply system with natural coolant circulation is the most reliable and most economical of the existing water heat supply systems. Raising the temperature of the coolant to the maximum permissible value allows the use of a conventional hot water boiler for an autonomous heat supply system instead of a special steam boiler.

SPECIFICATION equipment of an autonomous heat supply system with natural coolant circulation №№ p.p. equipment identification Note one. Heat generator (gas boiler gas) 2. Expansion tank 3. Main riser four. The valve of automatic maintenance of water level in a tank 5. Water pipe 6. Steep bend 90 (tangential water inlet) 7. Control overflow pipe 8. Supply heat pipe (rectangular loopback) 9. Heat supply riser (two-pipe scheme) 10. Hot water riser eleven. Heater 12. Shower net or hot water tap 13. Reverse heat conduit (rectangular loopback) fourteen. Tangential hot water outlet fifteen. T-shaped heat pipe feed 16. T-shaped heat return 17. Intermediate hot water tank (DHW) eighteen. temperature sensor 19. Circulation pump twenty. Heat generator burner working 21. Thermostat of the heater 22. Recirculation heat pipe 23. Circulating Ejector (Elevator) 24. TG inlet temperature controller 25. TG outlet temperature controller 26. A pipe connecting the main riser to the expansion tank-heat accumulator 27. Steep bend 90 ° tangential inlet or outlet coolant (in the expansion tank) 28. Air vent deaeration 29. Fanless backup burner thirty. Combustion valve 31. Heat generator heating surfaces 32. Underfloor heating (heater) 33. Special candle, used as an extension of the side walls of the heat storage tank 34. Heat return valve 35. Capacitive Heat Exchanger (DHW) 36. Dispenser for the use of substances that prevent pipe corrosion (complexon type Colgon)

Claims (10)

1. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant, combined with hot water supply, containing a heat generator, an expansion tank, which is also used as a capacitive heater, and a hot water storage tank with a float valve to automatically maintain the water level in it and a control overflow pipe , the main riser connecting the upper point of the water jacket of the heat generator with an expansion tank, supplying a heat pipe connecting the lower part of the side the expansion tank canister with heating pipes and hot water pipes, heaters connected to the heating pipes, shower nets and hot water taps connected to hot water pipes, heating pipes and hot water pipes are connected at the lower points to the return heat pipe that is connected to the lower point of the water jacket of the heat generator and forms a single circuit for the circulation of the coolant, the expansion tank-heat accumulator is made in the form of a vertically installed cylinder and is equipped with a tangential cold water supply pipe installed in the upper part of the tank and a hot water discharge pipe installed in its lower part, the supply and return heat pipes are made in the form of rectangular loops and are connected respectively to the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the heat generator in geometric centers rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, each hot water supply pipe is connected to the supply heat pipe of the upper pipe wiring through an intermediate a heat storage tank, the bottom of which is located at least 100 mm above the heat supply pipe, a sensor for automatically maintaining the set temperature of hot water supplied for heating and hot water supply is installed at the outlet of the expansion tank, a circulation pump is installed at the inlet of the heat carrier to the heat generator, A steam boiler with a circulation rate of 50 to 500 was used as a heat generator, the heat generator can be equipped with a burner without forced air supply, for heating the devices are equipped with room temperature thermostats, the system contains a recirculation heat pipe connecting the expansion tank with a T-shaped heat return pipe at the coolant inlet to the heat generator in the area of the inlet pipe of the circulation pump, a circulating ejector interlocked with the circulation pump, a coolant temperature regulator at the heat pump inlet coolant temperature regulator at the outlet of the heat generator, supporting the temperature as much as possible mine and constant throughout the heating period, the main riser, made vertical and communicating with the atmosphere, and the mark of its extreme upper point corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the main riser is connected to the expansion tank by a pipe at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank, a pipe connecting the main riser to the expansion tank, and a pipe connecting the expansion tank to the heat supply pipe, each connected inside the expansion tank with a branch, turned 90 °, both branches are located in one horizontal plane, the outlet from the first outlet, along the coolant, is directed towards the entrance to the second outlet along a short arc of a circle, the heat supply pipe of the upper pipe wiring contains deaeration air vents, the mark of the upper point of which corresponds to the mark of the upper points of the side walls of the expansion tank, the heat generator contains a backup fanless burner having a manual control valve for the combustion process, heat supply risers made in two pipes In the first diagram, the heating surfaces of the heat generator made of corrosion-resistant steel contain a heating device - floor heating, characterized in that the main riser, expansion tank, heat accumulator, intermediate tank-heat accumulator and deaeration candles have a geodetic mark of the extreme upper point not less than 1 m above the required level of coolant, the height of the column of which provides a hydrostatic pressure in the supplying heat conduit corresponding to the boiling point, which in this case is equal to the maximum allowable permissible heat carrier temperature for a given building in the range of 95-150 ° С. 2. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion tank-heat accumulator and the intermediate tank-heat accumulator each contains a special candle that is placed on the lid of the tank and is used as an extension of the side walls of the heat-storage tank, made of a pipe, the diameter of which ensures the temperature of the coolant on the surface of the working liquid level of less than 100 ° C. 3. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circulation pump is blocked according to the bypass circuit with a valve installed on the return heat pipe at its input to the heat generator. 4. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recirculation heat pipe is connected to the pipe, by which the main riser is connected to an expansion tank-heat accumulator. 5. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recirculation heat pipe can be connected to the supply heat pipe at the outlet of the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the return heat pipe through the inlet of the circulation pump blocked with circulating ejector. 6. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant, combined with hot water supply, containing a heat generator, an expansion tank, which is also used as a capacitive heater, and a hot water storage tank with a float valve to automatically maintain the water level in it and a control overflow pipe , the main riser connecting the upper point of the water jacket of the heat generator with an expansion tank, supplying a heat pipe connecting the lower part of the side the expansion tank canister with heating pipes and hot water pipes, heaters connected to the heating pipes, shower nets and hot water taps connected to hot water pipes, heating pipes and hot water pipes are connected at the lower points to the return heat pipe that is connected to the lower point of the water jacket of the heat generator and forms a single circuit for the circulation of the coolant, the expansion tank-heat accumulator is made in the form of a vertically installed cylinder and is equipped with a tangential cold water supply pipe installed in the upper part of the tank and a tangential hot water pipe installed in its lower part, the supply and return heat pipes are made in the form of rectangular loops and are connected respectively to the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the heat generator in geometric centers of rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, a circulation pump is installed at the coolant inlet to the heat generator, as a heat generator and a steam boiler was used with a circulation rate of 50 to 500, the heat generator can be equipped with a burner without forced air supply, thermostats are equipped with room temperature thermostats, the system contains a recirculation heat pipe connecting the expansion tank with a T-shaped heat return pipe at the coolant inlet heat generator in the area of the inlet pipe of the circulation pump, circulation ejector interlocked with the circulation pump, tempera the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the heat generator, the temperature regulator of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator, maintaining the maximum permissible and constant temperature throughout the heating period, the main riser, made vertical, communicating with the atmosphere, and the mark of its extreme upper point corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the main riser is connected to the expansion tank by a pipe at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the pipe connecting the main the riser pipe with the expansion tank, and the pipe connecting the expansion tank to the heat supply pipe, each connected inside the expansion tank with a 90 ° steep bend, both branches are located in the same horizontal plane, the outlet from the first outlet, in the direction of the coolant, is directed towards the entrance in the second branch along a short arc of a circle, the heat supply pipe with the upper wiring tube contains deaeration air vents, the mark of the upper point of which corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the generator contains a backup fanless burner with a manual control valve for the combustion process, the risers are made in a two-pipe scheme, the heating surfaces of the heat generator are made of corrosion-resistant steel, the system contains a heating device - a heating floor, and the autonomous heating system with natural circulation of the coolant is closed, and hot water supply is provided through the use of capacitive heat exchangers, characterized in that the main riser, expansion tank -the heat accumulator, the intermediate heat accumulator tank and deaeration candles have a geodetic mark of the extreme upper point not less than 1 m above the required liquid level, the column height of which provides a hydrostatic pressure in the supply heat pipe corresponding to the boiling temperature, which in this case is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for this building in the range of 95-150 ° C, the expansion tank-heat accumulator and the intermediate tank-heat accumulator each contains a special candle, which is placed on the tank lid and is used as a continuation of the side walls of the heat storage tank, made of pipe, the diameter of which ensures the temperature of the coolant on the surface of the working liquid level is less than 100 ° C, the circulation pump is blocked by a bypass circuit with a valve installed on the return heat pipe at its inlet heat generator, recirculation heat pipe connected to the pipe, with which the main riser is connected to the expansion tank-heat accumulator, recirculation heat pipe can be connected to the supply eploprovodom on its exit from the surge tank and the storage tank with a reflux heat conductor through the inlet of the circulation pump, the circulation interlocked with the ejector. 7. The system of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat supply system contains a dispenser for the use of substances that prevent pipe corrosion, and the dispenser is placed on the lid of the expansion tank. 8. System of autonomous heat supply and hot water supply with natural circulation of the coolant, containing a heat generator, an expansion tank, which is also used as a capacitive heater, and a hot water storage tank with a float valve to automatically maintain the water level in it and a control overflow pipe, the main riser connecting the upper point of the water jacket of the heat generator with an expansion tank, supplying a heat pipe connecting the lower part of the side walls of the expansion tank with risers heat supply and hot water risers, heaters connected to heat supply risers, shower nets and hot water taps connected to hot water risers, heat risers and hot water risers are connected at lower points to a return heat conduit that is connected to the lower point of the water jacket of the heat generator and forms a single coolant circulation loop, the expansion tank-heat accumulator is made in the form of a vertically mounted cylinder and is equipped with a tangent pipe the cold water supply installed in the upper part of the tank and the tangential hot water outlet pipe installed in its lower part, the supply and return heat pipes are made in the form of rectangular loops and are connected respectively to the expansion tank-heat accumulator and to the heat generator in the geometric centers of the rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, a circulation pump is installed at the inlet of the heat carrier to the heat generator, a steam boiler with an edge is used as a heat generator circulation from 50 to 500, the heat generator can be equipped with a burner without forced air supply, thermostats are equipped with room temperature thermostats, the system contains a recirculation heat pipe connecting the expansion tank with a T-shaped heat return pipe at the heat carrier inlet to the heat source in the area of the inlet pipe circulation pump, contains a circulation ejector interlocked with a circulation pump, an inlet temperature controller to the heat generator, the temperature regulator of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator, maintaining the maximum permissible and constant temperature during the entire heating period, the main riser, made vertical and communicating with the atmosphere, and the mark of its highest point corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the main riser connected to the expansion tank by a pipe at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank, a pipe connecting the main riser to the expansion pipe Thus, the branch pipe connecting the expansion tank to the supply pipe is each connected inside the expansion tank with a 90 ° steep bend, both branches are located in one horizontal plane, the outlet from the first outlet along the coolant is directed towards the entrance to the second outlet along a short arc the circumference, the heat supply pipe of the upper pipe wiring contains deaeration air vents, the mark of the upper point of which corresponds to the mark of the upper point of the side walls of the expansion tank, the heat generator contains a cut a distinct fanless burner with a manual control valve for the combustion process, the heating risers are made according to a two-pipe scheme, the heating surfaces of the heat generator are made of corrosion-resistant steel, the system contains a heating device - a heating floor, and the heating system and hot water supply system are made technologically independent, each has its own heat generator, characterized in that the main riser, expansion tank, heat accumulator, intermediate tank, heat accumulator and deaeration the candles have a geodetic mark of the extreme upper point not less than 1 m above the required liquid level, the column height of which provides a hydrostatic pressure in the supply heat pipe corresponding to the boiling temperature, which at the same time is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for a given building in the range of 95-150 ° С , the expansion tank-accumulator and the intermediate tank-accumulator each contain a special candle, which is placed on the lid of the tank and is used as an extension of the side walls of the tank the accumulator is made of a pipe, the diameter of which ensures the temperature of the coolant on the surface of the working liquid level less than 100 ° C, the circulation pump is blocked according to the bypass circuit with a valve installed on the return heat pipe at its inlet to the heat generator, the recirculation heat pipe is connected to the pipe to which the main riser is connected with an expansion tank-heat accumulator, the recirculation heat pipe can be connected to a supply heat pipe at the outlet of the expansion tank-heat accumulator and a reflux heat conductor through the inlet of the circulation pump, the circulation interlocked with the ejector. 9. The autonomous heat supply system with natural circulation of the coolant according to claim 8, characterized in that the heat supply system contains a dispenser for the use of substances that prevent pipe corrosion, and the dispenser is located on the lid of the expansion tank. 10. A method of heating water in an autonomous heat supply system and hot water supply with natural circulation of a coolant, including supplying tap water to a system, heating water in a heat generator to a predetermined temperature, supplying water through a main riser to an expansion tank-heat accumulator, supplying hot water from an expansion tank by the heat supply pipe, along the heat supply pipes and along the hot water pipes to the heaters, to the hot water taps and shower nets, respectively, chilled water from the risers through the return heat pipe to the heat generator, tap water is supplied to the expansion tank-heat accumulator tangentially in the upper part of the expansion tank, hot water is removed from the expansion tank through the heat supply pipe of the upper pipe wiring, tangentially in the lower part of the expansion tank, the hot water is supplied heating appliances, shower grids, water taps and the return of chilled water to the heat generator through the supply and return heat pipe odes made in the form of rectangular loops connected respectively to an expansion tank and a heat generator in the geometric centers of rectangular loops through T-shaped heat pipes, hot water is supplied from the heat supply pipe to the hot water risers through intermediate heat storage tanks whose bottoms are located above the heat supply pipe not less than 100 mm, in addition to the natural circulation of the coolant, it is forced to circulate due to the circulation pump In order to generate an additional pressure of heating water, the water is heated in a steam boiler with a circulation shortness of 50 to 500, the method includes recirculating the heat carrier through a recirculating heat pipe connecting the expansion tank with a T-shaped heat pipe at the heat carrier inlet to the heat generator in the area of the inlet pipe of the circulation pump, forced circulation of the coolant can be performed through the use of a circulation ejector, which is interlocked with the circulation pump, the temperature of the coolant Pure heat at the inlet to the heat generator is ensured by the use of a temperature controller, the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator is ensured by the use of a temperature controller that maintains a predetermined maximum permissible temperature of the heat carrier, constant throughout the heating period, the flow of heat from the main riser to the expansion tank and from the expansion tank into the supply heat conduit is produced at the mark of the lower point of the side walls of the expansion tank through the nozzles, each of which which is connected inside the expansion tank with a 90 ° steep bend, both outlets are located in one horizontal plane, the outlet from the first outlet, along the coolant, is directed towards the entrance to the second outlet along a short arc of a circle, deaeration of hot water is ensured by maintaining maximum temperature at the outlet of the heat generator, the use of steam and due to the fact that the vertical main riser directly communicates with the atmosphere, and the supply pipe of the upper pipe wiring contains a deaeration air vent , water heating, in the event of an emergency interruption of power supply, is ensured by ignition of a backup fanless burner of a heat generator having a manual control valve of the combustion process, characterized in that the method includes increasing the level of the coolant at least 1 m above the mark of the liquid column, which provides in the supply hydrostatic heat transfer pressure corresponding to the boiling point and which at the same time is equal to the maximum permissible coolant temperature for a given building in the range of 95-150 ° C, incl It ensures that the temperature of the coolant on the surface of its working level is less than 100 ° C by choosing the appropriate pipe diameter for the manufacture of a special candle, which is placed on the lid of the heat storage tank and is used as an extension of its side walls, in addition to the natural, the coolant is circulated by means of a circulation pump, which is blocked according to the bypass circuit with a valve installed on the return heat pipe at its entrance to the heat generator, while the valve is closed, or only after there is a driving pressure of natural circulation and the valve is open, the heat carrier is recirculated by taking the heat carrier before it enters the expansion tank-heat accumulator, for which the recirculation heat pipe is connected to the pipe, which the main riser is connected to the expansion tank-heat accumulator, it can be recirculated by the heat carrier coolant intake at the outlet of the expansion tank, heat accumulator, for which a recirculating heat pipe is connected to a supply heat pipe, In this case, the coolant is supplied to the return heat pipe through the inlet pipe of the circulation pump interlocked with the circulation ejector, and the water is heated in the event of an emergency interruption in the power supply by increasing the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the heat generator from the nominal value to the maximum permissible value for the building in the interval 95-150 ° C.

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