RU2352370C1 - Insulating respiratory system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: anti-gas technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for the protection of respiratory organs from poisonous and harmful gases in airtight and semi-airtight rooms. The system contains recirculating loops for cleaning and ventilating the respiratory gas environment, modules for individual breathing, oxygen source and a cylinder-protector of the gas mixture. Recirculating loops contains a cartridge for absorbing carbon dioxide and harmful impurities, collector for inhalation and exhalation and a receiver. The receiver is joined with the collector for inhalation, oxygen source and cylinder-protector of the gas mixture. A module for individual breathing is connected with the exhalation collector through the valve chamber and with the inhalation collector through the breathing bag. There is provision for protection of respiratory organs of a variable number of the personnel regardless of his position on the object due to the stationary modular assembly of individual breathing under the location of distribution of the personnel taking into account the internal dimensions and the workload of the premises.

EFFECT: optimal composition of the gas mixture is provided regardless of the number of the personnel.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for protecting respiratory organs from toxic and harmful substances in sealed and semi-hermetic rooms both under normal and high pressure (up to 0.6 MPa).

Known insulating respiratory system designed to protect the respiratory system of people in gassed tight and semi-tight rooms (RF patent No. 2190431, IPC A61M 16/00, 2002). The system contains individual breathing modules consisting of a half mask, valve box, inspiratory and expiratory tubes, an absorption cartridge and a bacterial filter, a recirculation circuit consisting of an elastic breathing bag with an overpressure valve, a pipeline, a flow inducer, a filter cartridge for removing harmful substances and a gas distributor, an oxygen source and a gas mixture storage tank.

The respiratory bag is divided into two unequal parts and acts as a receiver, while most of the bag is filled with gaseous medium from the storage cylinder, and a smaller part is filled with oxygen emitted by an oxygen source.

At the moment of connecting the rescued by breathing from the system, the flow rate activator is turned on and the recirculation loop for ventilation and purification of the respiratory gas medium is put into operation. In this case, the gas medium from the greater part of the breathing bag through the pipeline enters the inlet of the flow inducer and then, after cleaning up the harmful substances in the filter cartridge, it returns through the ceramic-metal gas distributor to the greater part of the breathing bag. In addition, at the time of connecting the respected from the system to the manifold with shut-off valves, replaceable oxygen generators are connected. As oxygen is generated by the generators, a smaller portion of the respiratory sac begins to fill. During the breathing of the rescued, carbon dioxide is absorbed in the absorption cartridge from the gas mixture, and its volume in the system decreases, and most of the breathing bag is crimped to a permeable frame, and then there is a vacuum. At this moment, oxygen begins to flow from the smaller part of the breathing bag through the non-return valve into the larger part, compensating for the vacuum. Upon exhalation, the gas mixture fills the volume of the greater part of the breathing bag, which exceeds the volume of the rigid frame, while the nitrogen content in the gas mixture is preserved.

The system provides respiratory protection for people in a gas-tight sealed or semi-hermetic room both at normal and at elevated (up to 0.6 MPa) pressure.

However, this system is characterized by the complexity of operation, due to the need to change the volume of the breathing bag when changing the number of rescued, which requires reassembly of the breathing bag. In particular, with an increase in the number of rescued by one unit, the volume of the respiratory bag should be increased by at least three liters (the estimated volume of inspiration of one person).

The known system also does not provide respiratory protection of a variable number of personnel, regardless of where they are located, as individual breathing modules are fixed on the respiratory bag, the volume of which and the location are limited.

In addition, the known system does not provide the optimal composition of the gaseous medium supplied for respiration, especially at elevated pressure, since uncontrolled filling of a smaller part of the respiratory bag occurs due to unregulated oxygen generation by generators, while the amount of oxygen generated during the operation of the generator can be up to 95 liters, which can lead to an excess of oxygen in the respiratory system.

The objective of the invention is to increase the convenience and simplify the operation of the insulating respiratory system.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the ability to protect respiratory organs of a variable number of personnel regardless of their placement at the facility due to the stationary installation of individual breathing modules of an insulating respiratory system under the landing seats of personnel taking into account the internal dimensions and workload of the room, as well as to ensure optimal the composition of the gas mixture, regardless of the number of personnel.

The technical result is achieved by the invention, according to which, in an insulating respiratory system containing a recirculation loop for cleaning and ventilating the respiratory gas medium, individual breathing modules, an oxygen source and a gas storage tank, the recirculation loop contains a cartridge for absorbing carbon dioxide and harmful impurities, inspiration and expiration headers and a receiver connected to the inspiration collector, an oxygen source and a storage cylinder, wherein the individual breathing modules are connected to the collector exhalation through the valve box and with the inspiration collector through the breathing bag.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

figure 1 - General view of the insulating respiratory system;

figure 2 - General view of the modules of individual breathing.

The insulating respiratory system contains a recirculation circuit consisting of a carbon dioxide and harmful impurity absorption cartridge 1, an inspiration collector 2, an exhalation collector 3, and a receiver 4. The output of the receiver 4 is rigidly connected to the inspiration collector 2, for example, a conventional flange connection (not shown in the drawing) . The input of the receiver 4 is connected to the cartridge for the absorption of carbon dioxide and harmful impurities 1 through the pipe 5. Also, an oxygen source 6 and a storage tank of the gas mixture 7 are connected to the input of the receiver 4 by pipelines 8 and 9, respectively. Individual respiration modules 10 are connected to the collectors of inspiration 2 and exhalation 3. In this case, individual respiration modules 10 are mounted between the inspiratory 2 and expiratory 3 collectors. The collectors are installed taking into account the internal dimensions and the workload of the room directly under the seats for personnel. Accordingly, the individual breathing modules 10 are located at the locations of the personnel.

The individual breathing module 10 (Fig. 2) contains a respiratory isolation unit 11, made, for example, in the form of a mask, a valve box 12, a breathing bag 13 with an overpressure valve 16 and connecting pipes 14. The output of the exhalation manifold 3 by a pipe 5 is connected to the input cartridge 1.

The receiver 4 is equipped with a block of primary converters of the device for monitoring the composition of the gas mixture 15.

The system operates as follows. Initially, the gas mixture (air) from the storage cylinder 7 enters the receiver 4 and fills the system. The gas mixture is filled at normal or elevated pressure (up to 0.6 MPa). In this case, the pressure difference inside the system and in the room does not exceed 60 mm water column. due to the operation of overpressure valves located on the breathing bags 13 of the individual breathing modules 10. Each rescued, using the individual breathing module 10, is connected to the system. At the time of connection of the oxygen saved from the oxygen source 6, a continuous supply of oxygen starts at a rate of about 25 dm ³ / person (the volume is reduced to a temperature of plus 20 ° C and a pressure of 760 mm Hg). The oxygen supply is adjusted according to the testimony of the gas mixture composition control device (not shown in the drawing), the primary transducers 15 of which are installed in the receiver 4. In the receiver 4, the gas mixture is redistributed, as a result of which the optimal composition enters the inspiration manifold 2, while the gas composition the mixture is constant over the entire length of the collector 2.

Rescuers are breathed through a mask 11, a breathing bag 13 and a valve box 12. When exhaling, the gas mixture enters the exhalation manifold 3 through the connecting pipe 14, then it is sent through the pipe 5 through the absorption cartridge 1, where carbon dioxide and metabolic harmful impurities are absorbed. From the cartridge 1 through the pipeline 5, the gas mixture enters the receiver 4, where it is enriched with oxygen, and is distributed through the collector of the inhalation 2. When inhaling, the gas mixture from the collector 2 through the connecting pipe 14 is sent to the breathing bag 13 and through the valve box 12 is inhaled. The circulation of the gas mixture inside the recirculation loop is carried out due to pulmonary ventilation of personnel. If the pressure inside the system is higher than the pressure in the sealed room by 60 mm of water. Art. the overpressure valve 4 (FIG. 2) of the breathing bag is activated. The maximum resistance to breathing in the presence of excess pressure in the system is 100 mm water column.

As chemical absorbers in cartridge 1, conventional absorbers of carbon dioxide and harmful impurities, for example, based on calcium or lithium hydroxides, hopcalite, cupramite or a catalyst, can be used. Standard oxygen cylinders (40 l capacity at a pressure of 150-200 atm) or replaceable oxygen generators can be used as an oxygen source.

As individual breathing modules, components of known insulating breathing apparatus, for example, IDA-59M, can be used.

The insulating respiratory system has high reliability and safety during operation and provides protection for the respiratory organs of submariners in emergency gassed compartments of submarines and compartments of rescue deep-sea vehicles at normal and high pressure, as well as protection of respiratory organs of personnel in the gassed rooms of shelters, command posts and special equipment. At the same time, the isolating respiratory system ensures the maintenance of vital activity of 23 people for 10-14 hours.

Claims (1)

An insulating respiratory system containing a recirculation loop for cleaning and ventilating the respiratory gas mixture, individual breathing modules, an oxygen source and a gas storage tank, characterized in that the recirculation loop contains a carbon dioxide and harmful impurity absorption cartridge, inspiratory and expiratory headers and a receiver connected with a collector of inspiration, an oxygen source and a storage cylinder, while the individual breathing modules are connected to the exhalation collector through the valve box and to the collector inhalation through a breathing bag.

Images