RU2290483C2 - Elongated constructional member made of composite material (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction, particularly structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting and built-up from parts of different materials.

SUBSTANCE: constructional member comprises reinforcing frame 1 defined by profile walls 5, 6. Profile walls 5, 6 are connected with each other by bridges 7, 8 so that at least one longitudinal cavity 9 and four interconnecting elements are created. The interconnecting elements are adapted for profile walls assemblage in different planes. The first interconnecting elements have female contact surfaces 12, 13, the second ones have male contact surfaces 16, 17. The male contact surface dimensions are equal to that of the contact surfaces 12, 13. The contact surfaces are provided with longitudinally directed fixing parts 19, 20 and 21, 22 having profiles formed so that profile outlines mate each other in pairs. Fixing parts 19, 20 and 21, 22 are integrally made with corresponding male 16, 17 and female 12, 13 contact surfaces of material having structure equivalent to that of profile wall 5, 6 material. Female contact surfaces 12, 13 including fixing parts 19, 20 are spaced apart equal distances α=0.1-3 mm from male contact surfaces 16, 17 having fixing parts 21, 22. In accordance with one embodiment one profile wall has through longitudinal slot. In another embodiment reinforcing longitudinal bridge is formed inside longitudinal cavity. The bridge has arbitrary profile and is supported by bridges or by one bridge and one profile wall or by one profile wall made of reinforcing material with volume content equal to reinforcing material of profile wall.

EFFECT: provision of stable physical and mechanical properties of constructional panels composed of above constructional members and improved construction panel assemblage and fastening.

68 cl, 44 dwg

Description

The invention relates to building structures made of composite materials and can be used to create panels used as architectural and construction elements in the construction of buildings and structures. In particular, the invention can be used in prefabricated panels for bridge decks.

A known structural element in the form of a linear rod made of a composite material based on intersecting glass fibers and longitudinally oriented reinforcing elements (glass roving), placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, obtained by thermal drawing through a die (RU Patent No. 21644993, Е 06 В 3/20 )

A long-length building element is known, consisting of layered sectional runs and connecting adjacent sections of layers made of fibers, nets or fabrics placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together. A long constructional element can be formed both in the form of an I-beam and with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity (GB Patent No. 1,586184, E 04 C 3/28).

Known is a long structural element made of composite material containing obtained by the method of pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity (RU, patent No. 2196866, E 04 C 3/28, B 29 D 22/00, B 29 K 105: 06).

Such structural elements have high rigidity, strength and reliability with a minimum weight, while they maintain long-term stability of physical and mechanical properties, especially in the field of action of bending, twisting and distributed over the surface, including in the internal cavities, loads in their various combinations .

A common disadvantage of the known structures is the impossibility of obtaining prefabricated structures from them without impairing their physical and mechanical properties.

Known is a long structural element made of composite material containing obtained by the method of pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least one closed longitudinal cavity and one open longitudinal cavity (RU, patent No. 2196880, B 29 C 70/24, E 06 B 3/20, prototype).

The disadvantage of this lengthy structural element is the lack of mounting elements in the planes of the profile walls, the consequence of which is the great complexity of the assembly process of building panels from them, because To comply with the requirements of assembly accuracy, additional technological methods and, possibly, devices are required, with the help of which reliability and accuracy of connection of long structural elements are achieved. Another disadvantage is the difficulty of fastening the panels to the supporting structures, the need to drill holes at the assembly site, install fasteners, and then close these holes.

The problem to which the claimed group of inventions is connected, so connected that they form a single inventive concept, is the creation of long structural elements from composite material, which allows the formation of prefabricated building long panels of composite material to maintain stable physical and mechanical properties on the entire surface of the panel and simplify the fastening process without violating the integrity of the profiles.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the claimed group of inventions, so connected that they form a single inventive concept, is to develop such lengthy structural elements from composite material (options) that, when assembled from them, construction long panels of composite material will allow to obtain stable physical and mechanical properties over the entire surface of the panel.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in a known long-dimensional structural element made of composite material according to option I, containing obtained by the method of pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in a flat bones of profiled walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profiled walls in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located at the free ends of each of the profile walls, covering and covered contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with a longitudinal but oriented fixing elements with profiles made with contours compatible with each other and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding covered and covering contact surfaces, the latter are made equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected within the limits α = 0, 1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, the last alternately alternating in two intersecting directions with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is selected within the limits γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, respectively .

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in a known long-dimensional structural element made of composite material according to option II, containing obtained by the method of pulling through the die layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in a flat the velocities of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the area of its contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with proportional male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located at the free ends of each of the profile walls, the reinforcing frame is equipped with two additional flat longitudinal cantilever shelf formed on the ends of the profile walls that are free from the main cantilever shelves as a continuation of the latter, and the male contact surfaces are formed on additional flat longitudinal cantilever shelves, the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with mutually matching contours , and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with corresponding covered and covering contact surfaces, the latter are equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected within the range of α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed on the surface, alternating in succession in two intersecting directions with a height difference within β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is selected within the respective γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in the well-known long-length structural element made of composite material according to option III, containing obtained by the method of drawing through the die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the velocities of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with proportional male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located at the free ends of the profile walls, flat longitudinal cantilever shelves are formed on one of the profile walls, and flat longitudinal recess and - on another of the profile walls, the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with contours compatible with each other and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding female and female contact surfaces, the latter are made equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces are frame surfaces, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, with a step in each from the directions it is chosen within the limits, respectively, γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in the well-known long-length structural element made of composite material according to option IV, containing obtained by the method of pulling through the die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity of the mounting elements for assembly in a flat the edges of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with proportional male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located at the free ends of each of the profile walls, flat longitudinal cantilever flanges and flat longitudinal recesses are made from the side of the active surfaces with a variable thickness and recess, respectively, increasing in the direction of the adjacent extreme jumpers, the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with mutually matching contours and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material profile walls, along with corresponding male and female contact surfaces, the latter in are equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected within the range of α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference of within β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is selected within γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, respectively.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in a long-dimensional structural element made of composite material, option IV, each of the forming male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be linearly variable or step-shaped, in particular arcuate or as part of the surface of a polyhedron, and formed mated with adjacent extreme jumper.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in the well-known long-dimensional structural element made of composite material according to option V, containing obtained by the method of pulling through the die layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity of the mounting elements for assembly in a plane the edges of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with proportional male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located at the free ends of each of the profile walls, through one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity is made through rodolny groove width is selected in the range ε = (0,5 ÷ 5) t, where t - the thickness adjacent to the groove portion of the profile wall.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in a long structural element made of composite material (options I-IV), a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t is the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove.

In addition, in a long-dimensional structural element made of composite material (options IV), the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented fixing elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in the well-known long-dimensional structural element made of composite material according to option VI, containing obtained by the method of pulling through the die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, a reinforcing frame formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in a flat the velocities of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves, one on each of the profile walls in the area of its contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with proportional male contact surfaces and formed in in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls, reinforcing is made inside at least one longitudinal cavity a longitudinal jumper of an arbitrary profile formed from a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall and placed with support either on the adjacent jumpers, or on one of the adjacent jumpers and on one of the profile walls, or on one of the profile walls.

The task is also achieved by the fact that in a long structural element made of composite material (options I-IV), at least one longitudinal cavity has a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile formed of a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall and placed with support either on adjacent jumpers, or on one of the adjacent jumpers and on one of the profile walls, or on one of the profile walls. In addition, in a long-dimensional structural element made of composite material (options I-IV), the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the extreme jumpers or in the form of a flat strip, curved arcuate or in the form of a box, each resting on a profile wall, and in a long-dimensional structural element made of composite material (options I-IV), a reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, I bend oh arcuately or in a box, covering each recess inside, and resting on a profiled wall of each bearing groove.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-III, the generators of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be located in planes parallel to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the long structural elements of composite material according to options I-III, the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be located in planes that are inclined with respect to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls at an obtuse angle angle can be selected between 179 and 150 °.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to IV, the generators of the female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be made shorter than the generatrix of the male contact surfaces of the mounting elements.

The task is also solved by the fact that in long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-III, mounting elements with male and / or female contact surfaces can be made at an arbitrary angle with respect to the plane of the profile walls.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-III, the fixing elements on male and female contact surfaces can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme jumpers. At the same time, mounting elements bearing fixing elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the covered contact surfaces can be located crosswise on one of the frame diagonals, and mounting elements carrying fixing elements on the covering contact surfaces with the same or different removal of locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, can be located crosswise on another diagonal of the frame. Mounting elements carrying fixing elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the male contact surfaces can also be located on the side of one of the extreme jumpers of the frame, and mounting elements carrying fixing elements on the surrounding contact surfaces with the same or different removal of locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers can be located on the side of the other extreme jumpers of the frame.

To achieve a technical result in solving the problem in long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-IV, the profiles of the fixing elements in cross section on the covering contact surfaces can be made, for example, in the form of recesses and / or protrusions, and the profiles of the fixing elements the same section on the covered contact surfaces - for example, in the form of protrusions and / or recesses, while the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with cross-sectional profiles formed, for example, in the form of either an isosceles or beveled triangle, or a rectangle, or an arc of a circle, or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections, the latter can be formed, for example, in the form of one or more repeating groups formed from two or more profiles in any combination, for example, in the form of serrated combs with triangular isosceles or beveled teeth.

The problem can also be solved by the fact that in the long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-IV and the profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the female contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or depression on the male contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, the linear dimensions of their contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination.

In addition, in long structural elements made of composite material according to options I-IV, the generatrix of the covering contact surfaces of the mounting elements is shorter than the generatrix of the covered contact surfaces of the mounting elements.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the known long-length structural element made of composite material according to option II on mounting elements with male contact surfaces formed on the side of one external jumper, the fixing elements are made in the form of antennae, and on the mounting elements formed on the side of the other external jumper with covering contact surfaces, the locking elements are made: on one, with a short overhang of the console - in the form of engagement in a U-shape, and the other, with linnym console emission - as a protrusion, while securing engagement U-shaped and the locking protrusion are provided with recesses, aligned with the antennae.

These features of the claimed group of inventions are essential and interconnected causally with the formation of a combination of essential features sufficient to achieve a technical result:

the implementation of a long structural element of composite material

- with longitudinally oriented locking elements on the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements,

- the implementation of these locking elements with profiles made with overlapping contours,

- their formation from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the corresponding male and female contact surfaces,

- the implementation of the male and female contact surfaces are equidistantly biased, and the bias is selected within 0.1 ÷ 3 mm,

- the formation of the outer surfaces of the reinforcing cage, including mounting elements, in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference ranging from β = 0.05 to 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, the step in each direction is selected within the limits, respectively, γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm,

- execution on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity of a through longitudinal groove, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t is the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove,

- execution inside at least one longitudinal cavity of a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of an arbitrary profile, formed resting either on the bridge, or on one of the bridge and on one of the profile walls, or on one of the profile walls of reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to reinforcing the material of the profile wall, allows to obtain the construction of a building element of increased strength and rigidity, which ensures stable physical and mechanical properties when installing it in prefabricated panels the entire surface of the panel and improves the quality and accuracy, manufacturability and installation.

These distinctive features are new, since their use in the prior art, analogues and prototype was not found, which allows us to characterize the proposed group of inventions that are so connected that they form a single inventive concept, meeting the criterion of "novelty."

A single set of new essential features with common known essential features allows us to solve the problem of creating a long structural element from composite material and to achieve a new technical result in improving structures with their improved physical and mechanical properties and improving the accuracy and manufacturability of the assembly of elements in the panel, which characterizes the proposed a group of technical solutions by significant differences from the prior art, analogues and prototype.

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - presents a General view of a long structural element made of composite material. Option I Model A;

figure 2 is a cross section of a long structural element made of composite material. Option I, Model B;

figure 3 - prefabricated building lengthy panel of lengthy structural elements from composite materials according to option I;

figure 4 - presents a General view of a long structural element made of composite material. Option II;

5 is a prefabricated building lengthy panel of lengthy structural elements from composite materials according to option II;

6 is a General view of a lengthy structural element made of composite material. Option III;

7 is a prefabricated building lengthy panel of lengthy structural elements from composite materials according to option III;

Fig - presents a General view of a lengthy structural element made of composite material. Option IV;

Fig.9 - prefabricated building lengthy panel of lengthy structural elements from composite materials according to option IV;

9, 10 are specific examples of the implementation of a lengthy structural element of composite materials according to option IV;

Fig - presents a General view of a lengthy structural element made of composite material. Option V;

Fig - prefabricated building long panel of long structural elements from composite materials according to option V;

Fig - presents an example of mounting a long structural element made of composite material according to option V on the channel;

Fig - presents an example of the assembly of a particular structure from long structural elements made of composite material;

Fig - presents a General view of a lengthy structural element made of composite material. Option VI;

Fig - prefabricated building lengthy panel of lengthy structural elements from composite materials according to option VI;

Fig.18-44 - specific examples of the implementation of long structural elements from composite materials according to options I-VI.

The claimed group of inventions is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving this set of essential features of a given technical result.

Option I.

A lengthy structural element of composite material, model A (Fig. 1), contains a reinforcing frame 1 formed by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional fibers 2 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 3 placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together 4. Reinforcing frame 1 is formed by profile walls 5, 6, connected by jumpers 7, 8 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 9 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls. Two mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 10, 11 located one on each of the profile walls 5, 6 in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper 8 and are made with covering contact surfaces 12, 13. Two other mounting elements are formed in the form of two longitudinal flat recesses 14, 15, located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls 5, 6 in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 7, with covered contact surfaces 16, 17. Covering contact surfaces The surfaces 12, 13 are made commensurate with the corresponding male contact surfaces 16, 17.

In a series of lengthy structural elements (figure 3), assembled into the panel 18, covering the contact surface, 12, 13 and 12 ', 13', etc. made commensurate with the corresponding male contact surfaces 16, 17 and 16 ', 17', etc.

The female contact surfaces 12, 13 of the mounting elements 10, 12 are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements 19, 20, and the male contact surfaces 16, 17 of the mounting elements 14, 15 are respectively longitudinally oriented locking elements 21, 22. Profiles of the locking elements 19, 20 and 21 , 22 are made with contours that are compatible with each other in pairs - 19, 21 and 20, 22. The locking elements 19, 20 and 21, 22 are formed at the same time with the corresponding covered 16, 17 and covering 12, 13 contact surfaces of the material, equivalent entnogo structurally reinforcing material profiled walls 5, 6.

In a long-length structural element made of composite material, model B (Fig. 2), two mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 10, 11 located one on each of the profile walls 5, 6 in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumpers 7, 8 and are made with covering contact surfaces 12, 13. Two other mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses 14, 15 located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls 5, 6 in the area of their contact with the corresponding Enikeev of the outer webs 7, 8, with the male contact surfaces 16, 17.

In long structural elements made of composite material, model A and B, covering the contact surfaces 12, 13 together with their locking elements 19, 20 are made equidistantly offset relative to the male contact surfaces 16, 17 with the locking elements 21, 22. The amount of displacement between the female and male contact surfaces are selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm.

In long structural elements made of composite material, models A and B, the outer surfaces of the frame 1 (Fig. 1), including profile walls 5, 6 and mounting elements 10, 11, 14, 15, as well as contact surfaces 12, 13 and 16, The last 17, together with the fixing elements 19, 20 and 21, 22, are formed in the form of convexes 23 and depressions 24 distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference of β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and a step in each of pressure is selected in the range of γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

Option II.

A lengthy structural element made of composite material (Fig. 4) contains a reinforcing frame 201 formed by drawing through layers of unidirectional fibers 202 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 203 placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder 204 holding them together. The reinforcing frame 201 is formed by profile walls 205, 206 connected by jumpers 207, 208 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 209 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, formed OF DATA as two major and two additional flat longitudinal flanges, wherein additional flat longitudinal flange formed as a continuation of the profile of the walls 201 of the reinforcing frame.

The main flat longitudinal shelves can be mounted one on each of the profile walls 205, 206 in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumpers 207, 208. Additional flat longitudinal shelves are made at the free ends of the profile walls 205, 206 in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumpers 207, 208.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 4, two mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 210, 211 located one on each of the profile walls 205, 206 in their contact area with the extreme jumper 208 and made with female contact surfaces 212, 213.

Two other mounting elements 214, 215 are formed on two additional flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 225, 226, which are equipped with a reinforcing frame 201 at the free ends of the profile walls 205, 206 in the contact zone with the extreme jumper 207. The mounting elements 214, 215 are made on additional flat longitudinal shelves 214, 215 in the form of flat longitudinal recesses with male contact surfaces 216, 217.

The female contact surfaces 212, 213 are made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 216, 217.

In a series of lengthy structural elements (FIG. 5) assembled into a panel 218, covering contact surfaces, 212, 213 and 212 ′, 213 ′, etc. made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 216, 217 and 216 ', 217', etc.

The female contact surfaces 212, 213 of the mounting elements 210, 211 are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements 219, 220, and the male contact surfaces 216, 217 of the mounting elements 214, 215 are respectively longitudinally oriented locking elements 221, 222. The profiles of the locking elements 219, 220 and 221 , 222 are made with circuits that are combined with each other in pairs 219, 221 and 220, 222.

The locking elements 219, 220 and 221, 222 are formed integrally with the corresponding contact surfaces 212, 213 and contact surfaces 216, 217 made of material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls 205, 206.

The female contact surfaces 212, 213 together with their locking elements 219, 220 are made equidistantly offset relative to the male contact surfaces 216, 217 with the locking elements 221, 222. The displacement between the female and male contact surfaces is selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm .

The outer surfaces of the frame 201 (figure 4), including the profile walls 205, 206 and mounting elements 210, 211, 214, 215, as well as the contact surfaces 212, 213 and 216, 217 of the latter together with the fixing elements 219, 220 and 221, 222 formed in the form of convexities 223 and depressions 224 distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

Option III.

A lengthy structural element made of composite material (Fig. 6) contains a reinforcing frame 301 formed by drawing through layers of unidirectional fibers 302 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 303 placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together 304. The reinforcing frame 301 is formed by profile walls 305, 306 connected by jumpers 307, 308 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 309 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls.

Two mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 310, 311 located on one of the profile walls, and two other mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses 314, 315 located on the second of the profile walls.

In this particular embodiment of the claimed device, two longitudinal flat shelves 310, 311 are formed on the profile wall 306 in the zone of its contact with the extreme jumpers 307, 308 and are made with female contact surfaces 312, 313, and two longitudinal flat recesses 314, 315 are formed on the profile wall 305 in the zone of its contact with the extreme jumpers 307, 308 and are made with male contact surfaces 316, 317.

The female contact surfaces 312, 313 are made commensurate with the corresponding male contact surfaces 316, 317, and in a series of lengthy structural elements (FIG. 7) assembled into a panel 318, female contact surfaces 312, 313 and 312 ', 313', etc. are made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 316, 317 and 316 ', 317', etc.

The female contact surfaces 312, 313 of the mounting elements 310, 312 are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements 319, 320, and the male contact surfaces 316, 317 of the mounting elements 314, 315 are respectively longitudinally oriented locking elements 321, 322. The profiles of the locking elements 319, 320 and 321 , 322 are made with contours that are compatible with each other in pairs 319, 321 and 320, 322. The fixing elements 319, 320 and 321, 322 are formed integrally with the corresponding matted contact surfaces 316, 317 and covering 312, 313 of mat rial equivalent structure reinforcing material profiled walls 305, 306.

Moreover, the female contact surfaces 312, 313 together with their locking elements 319, 320 are made equidistantly offset relative to the male contact surfaces 316, 317 with the locking elements 321, 322. The amount of displacement between the female and male contact surfaces is selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm.

The outer surfaces of the frame 301 (Fig.6), including the profile walls 305, 306 and mounting elements 310, 311, 314, 315, as well as the contact surfaces 312, 313 and 316, 317 of the latter together with the fixing elements 319, 320 and 321, 322 are formed in the form of convexes 323 and depressions 324 distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each direction is selected in within γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

Option IV.

A lengthy structural element made of composite material (Fig. 8) contains a reinforcing frame 401 formed by drawing through layers of unidirectional fibers 402 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 403 placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder 404 holding them together. The reinforcing frame 401 is formed by profile walls 405, 406 connected by jumpers 407, 408 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 409 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls.

Two mounting elements are formed in the form of two longitudinal cantilever shelves 410, 411, located one on each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper 408. The longitudinal cantilever shelves 410, 411 are each with a variable thickness, increasing as approximations to the adjacent extreme jumper 408, and are formed with female contact surfaces 412, 413.

Two other mounting elements are formed in the form of two longitudinal recesses 414, 415 located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper 407. The longitudinal recesses 414, 415 are each made with a variable recess increasing in as they approach the adjacent extreme jumper, and are formed with male contact surfaces 416, 417.

The female contact surfaces 412, 413 are made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 416, 417.

In a series of lengthy structural elements (Fig. 9) assembled into a panel 418, covering contact surfaces, 412, 413 and 412 ', 413', etc. made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 416, 417 and 416 ', 417', etc.

The female contact surfaces 412, 413 of the mounting elements 410, 412 are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements 419, 420, and the male contact surfaces 416, 417 of the mounting elements 414, 415 are respectively longitudinally oriented locking elements 421, 422. The profiles of the locking elements 419, 420 and 421 , 422 are made with contours that are aligned with each other in pairs 419, 421 and 420, 422. The fixing elements 419, 420 and 421, 422 are formed integrally with the corresponding matted contact surfaces 416, 417 and covering 412, 413 of mat rial equivalent structure reinforcing material profiled walls 405, 406.

The female contact surfaces 412, 413 together with their locking elements 419, 420 are made equidistantly offset relative to the male contact surfaces 416, 417 with the locking elements 421, 422. The displacement between the female and male contact surfaces is selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm .

The outer surfaces of the frame 401 (Fig. 8), including the profile walls 405, 406 and mounting elements 410, 411, 414, 415, as well as the contact surfaces 412, 413 and 416, 417 of the latter together with the fixing elements 419, 420 and 421, 422 formed in the form of convexities 423 and depressions 424 distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each direction is selected within γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm.

In the long-length structural element of the structural material according to option IV, each of the generatrices covering 412, 413 and covered 416, 417 of the contact surfaces of the mounting elements 410, 411 and 414, 415 can be made linearly variable or step-shaped and formed mated with an adjacent extreme jumper.

In a specific embodiment of a lengthy structural element of structural material, option IV (FIG. 10), in the reinforcing cage 401 formed by profile walls 405, 406 connected by jumpers 407, 408 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 409, two longitudinal cantilever shelves 410, 411, located one on each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 408, are each made with a variable thickness, increasing as we approach the jumper 408, and are formed with covering contact surfaces 427, 428, the generatrix of each of which is made arcuate and mated with the corresponding extreme jumper 408.

Two longitudinal recesses 414, 415, located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 407, are each made with a variable recess, increasing as we approach the extreme jumper 407 and are formed with male contact surfaces 429 , 430, the generatrix of each of which is made arcuate and mated with the corresponding extreme jumper 407.

In a further specific embodiment of a lengthy structural element of structural material, option IV (FIG. 11), in a reinforcing cage 401 formed by profile walls 405, 406 connected by jumpers 407, 408 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 409, two longitudinal cantilever shelves 410, 411, located one on each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 408, are each made with a variable thickness, increasing as we approach the jumper 408, and are formed with and contact surfaces 431, 432, the generatrix of each of which is made as part of the surface of the polyhedron mating with the corresponding extreme jumper 408.

Two longitudinal recesses 414, 415, located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls 405, 406 in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 407, are each made with a variable recess, increasing as we approach the extreme jumper 407, and are formed with male contact surfaces 433, 434, the generatrix of each of which is made as part of the surface of the polyhedron mating with the corresponding extreme jumper 407.

Option V.

The long-length structural element made of composite material (Fig. 12) contains a reinforcing frame 501 formed by the method of pulling through the die plate layers of unidirectional fibers 502 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 503, placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder fastening them 504. The reinforcing frame 501 is formed by profile walls 505, 506, connected by jumpers 507, 508 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 509 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls.

Two mounting elements are formed in the form of two longitudinal cantilever shelves 510, 511, located one on each of the profile walls 505, 506 in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper 508, and are made with female contact surfaces 512, 513.

Two other mounting elements are formed in the form of two longitudinal recesses 514, 515, located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls in the area of their contact with the extreme jumper 507, with covered contact surfaces 516, 517.

The female contact surfaces 512, 513 are made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 516, 517.

In a series of lengthy structural elements (Fig. 13) assembled into a panel 518, the contact surfaces 512, 513 and 512 ', 513', etc. are made commensurate with the corresponding male contact surfaces 516, 517 and 516 ', 517' t .d.

In the reinforcing frame 501 on one of the profile walls, for example, 506, a through longitudinal groove 533 is made, the transverse dimension of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t is the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove 506.

On Fig presents a specific example of mounting a long structural element of composite material according to option V with any building element, such as channel 35, using gaskets having bolt holes, one of which is placed in the longitudinal cavity 509. Through holes in the channel and holes bolts that are tightened with nuts are threaded through the gaskets. Due to the fact that the groove 533 is through and longitudinal, the installation of a long structural element on any building element is technologically advanced and not time-consuming.

On Fig presents one example of the assembly of structures from long structural elements using the capabilities provided by the presence of a longitudinal groove 533.

In this example of a prefabricated structure, long structural elements according to options I ÷ IV can be used in combination with option V.

In long structural elements according to variants I ÷ IV in combination with variant V, in one of the profile walls of which a through longitudinal groove 533 is made, they can be provided on the end surfaces of the latter with longitudinally oriented locking elements 536, 537 (Fig. 15), formed from material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time as the latter, with a profile made with a contour aligned with the corresponding fixing elements 21, 22 of the male contact surfaces nyaemyh mounting elements.

Option VI.

A lengthy structural element made of composite material (Fig. 16) contains a reinforcing frame 601 formed by drawing through layers of unidirectional fibers 602 and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers 603 placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder 604 holding them together. The reinforcing frame 601 is formed by profile walls 605 , 606, connected by jumpers 607, 608 with the formation of at least one longitudinal cavity 609 and four mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls. Two mounting elements are formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves 610, 611, located one on each of the profile walls 605, 606 in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper 608, and are made with covering contact surfaces 612, 613. Two other mounting elements formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses 614, 615, located one at the free ends of each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the extreme jumper 607, with covered contact surfaces 616, 617. Covering contact e surfaces 612, 613 are made commensurate with the corresponding male contact surfaces 616, 617, and in a series of lengthy structural elements (FIG. 17) assembled into the panel 618, the female contact surfaces 612, 613 and 612 ', 613', etc., made proportionate to the corresponding male contact surfaces 616, 617 and 616 ', 617', etc.

The female contact surfaces 612, 613 are made equidistantly offset relative to the male contact surfaces 616, 617. The amount of displacement between the female and male contact surfaces is selected within the range of α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm.

In the reinforcing carcass 601, at least one longitudinal cavity 609 is provided with a reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 of arbitrary profile formed from a material equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall.

The reinforcing jumper 634 can be formed based on either adjacent jumpers (Fig. 19, 20, 38 ÷ 41), or on one of the adjacent jumpers and on one of the profile walls (Fig. 21, 42 ÷ 43), or on one of profile walls (Fig.22 ÷ 24).

In a specific example of a long structural element made of composite material, option VI, a reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 (Fig. 16, 17) is formed in the form of a flat strip equidistant to the inner plane of the profile wall 606 and resting on both extreme jumpers 607, 608.

In other specific examples of the implementation of a long structural element made of composite material according to option VI in combination with long structural elements according to options III ÷ IV, a reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 (Figs. 19, 40) is formed in the form of a strip of variable profile supported by adjacent jumpers.

In the following specific example of the execution of a lengthy structural element made of composite material, option VI, in combination with the lengthy structural element according to option I, the reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 (Fig. 21) is formed resting on one of the jumpers 8 and on the profile wall 6.

In a further specific embodiment of a lengthy structural element made of composite material, option VI, in combination with the lengthy structural element of embodiment I, the reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 (Fig. 22) is formed in the form of a flat strip curved in an arcuate shape and resting on the profile wall 606.

In another specific example of the execution of a long structural element made of composite material according to option VI in combination with long structural elements according to options IV, V, the reinforcing longitudinal bridge 634 can be formed in the form of a flat strip, curved either in the form of a box or part thereof (Fig. 23, 24, 43), covering the groove 533 from the inside and resting on the profile wall 406 supporting the groove 533.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the options I ÷ III or their various combinations with the invention variants V-VI (Figs. 1 ÷ 7, 15, 18, 21 ÷ 22, 25 ÷ 33 and 37 ÷ 41) forming covering 12 13 (and 212, 213 and 313, 314, respectively) and male contact surfaces 16, 17 (and 216, 217 and 316, 317, respectively) of the mounting elements 10, 11 and 14, 15 (and 210, 211 and 214, 215, respectively and 310, 311 and 314, 315) can be made in planes parallel to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls 5-6 (and, respectively, 205, 206 and 305, 306).

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the options I ÷ III or their various combinations with the invention variants V-VI (for example, FIG. 20) forming covering 12, 13 (and 212, 213 and 313, 314, respectively) and covered contact surfaces 16, 17 (and, respectively, 216, 217 and 316, 317) of the mounting elements 10, 11 and 14, 15 (and, respectively, 210, 211 and 214, 215, and 310, 311 and 314, 315, and) can be located in planes inclined with respect to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls 5.6 (and, accordingly, 205, 206 and 305, 306) at an obtuse angle, and the magnitude of the obtuse angle can be selected in the range from 179 to 150 °.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to the embodiment of the invention IV or its combinations with the variants of the inventions V-VI (Fig. 44), the generators of the female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be made shorter than the generatrix of the male contact surfaces of the mounting elements

In lengthy structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I, II, IV or their various combinations with the invention variants V-VI (Figs. 34 ÷ 36), the mounting elements 10, 11 and 14, 15 (and, respectively, 210, 211 and 214, 215 and 410, 411 and 414, 415) with female 12, 13 (and 212, 213 and 412, 413 respectively) and / or male contact surfaces 16, 17 (and 216, 217 and 416, 417, respectively) to be made at an arbitrary angle with respect to the plane of the profile walls 5, 6 (and, respectively, 205, 206 and 405, 406).

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I ÷ IV, or their various combinations with the invention variants V-VI (Figs. 4, 5, 15, 25 ÷ 26, 28 ÷ 29, 32), the fixing elements 19, 20 (and 219, 220, and 319, 320, and 419, 420, respectively) on female contact surfaces 12, 13 (and 212, 213, and 312, 313, and 412, 413, respectively) and locking elements 21, 22 (and 221, 222, respectively and 321, 322 and 421, 422) on male contact surfaces 16, 17 (and, respectively, 216, 217 and 316, 317 and 416, 417) can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme x webs 7, 8 (and respectively 207, 208 and 307, 308 and 407, 408).

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I ÷ IV, or their various combinations with the variants of the invention V-VI (FIGS. 2, 26, 32), mounting elements supporting the covered 16, 17 (and 216, 217 and respectively 316, 317 and 416-417) of the contact surfaces equidistant from the corresponding extreme jumpers 7, 8 (and, respectively, 207, 208 and ??? 307, 308 and 407, 408), the fixing elements 21, 22 (and, respectively, 221, 222 and 321, 322 and 421, 422) are located crosswise on one of the diagonals of the reinforcing carcass 1 (and respectively 201 and 301 and 401), and m mounting elements supporting 12,13 (and 212, 113 and 321, 322 and 412, 413 respectively) locking elements 19, 20 (and 219, 220 and 319, 320 and 419, 420, respectively) with the same or others, equal to each other by the removal of the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, are located crosswise on another diagonal of the frame.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I ÷ II, IV or their various combinations with the invention variants V ÷ VI (Figs. 1, 3, 4 ÷ 5, 8 ÷ 11, 15, 18 ÷ 25, 27 ÷ 28, 30 ÷ 31, 33 ÷ 36, 38 ÷ 39, 42 ÷ 44) mounting elements that bear on contact surfaces covered by 16, 17 (and 216, 217 and 416, 417, respectively) contact surfaces equidistant from the corresponding extreme jumpers 7, 8 (and 207, 208 and 407, 408, respectively), the fixing elements 21, 22 (and 221, 222 and 421, 422, respectively) are located on the side of one of the extreme jumpers, and the mounting elements supporting locking contact surfaces 12, 13 (and, respectively, 212, 113 and 412, 413), fixing elements 19, 20 (and, respectively, 219, 220 and 419, 420) with the same or different, equal to each other removing the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers are located on the other extreme side of the jumper 8 or 7 (and, respectively, 207, 208 and 407, 408) of the frame 1 (and, respectively, 201 and 401).

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I ÷ IV or their various combinations with the inventions according to the options V-VI (Figs. 1 ÷ 11, 15, 18 ÷ 19, 21 ÷ 44), the profiles of the fixing elements 19, 20 ( and respectively 219, 220 and 319, 320 and 419, 420) in cross section on the surrounding contact surfaces 12, 13 (and, respectively, 212, 213 and 312, 313 and 412, 413) are made, for example, in the form of recesses and / or protrusions and the profiles of the fixing elements 21, 22 (and, respectively, 221, 222 and 321, 322 and 421, 422) in the same section, on the covered contact over nost 16, 17 (and respectively 216, 217 and 316, 317 and 416, 417), are made, for example, in the form of protrusions and / or recesses.

Moreover, the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with profiles in cross section, formed, for example, in the form of either an isosceles (Fig. 10 ÷ 11, 21, 26, 37) or a beveled triangle (Fig. 24, 27), either an isosceles trapezoid (Fig. 18, 30 ÷ 31), or a rectangle (not shown in Fig.), or an arc of a circle (Fig. 1-7, 15, 18, 22, 25, 28-30, 33 ÷ 35, 38 ), or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections (Figs. 8 ÷ 9, 23, 32, 36).

The locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces of all variants of the inventions I ÷ IV or their various combinations with the inventions according to the options V-VI can be formed, for example, in the form of one or more repeating groups formed from two or more profiles in any combination (Fig. 10 ÷ 11, 23, 30 ÷ 31, 37, 42, 44).

The locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed, for example, in the form of serrated combs (Fig. 10, 11, 21, 24, 27, 37, 42, 44) with triangular isosceles and triangular beveled teeth.

In long structural elements made of composite material according to any one of the embodiments of the invention I ÷ IV or their various combinations with the inventions of the variants V ÷ VI (not shown in Fig.), The profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the female contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or recesses on male contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, while the linear dimensions of their contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination.

In a specific embodiment of a structural element made of composite material, variant U (Fig. 32), on mounting elements with covered contact surfaces 16 ', 17' formed on the side of one external jumper 7 ', the fixing elements 21', 22 'are made in the form of antennae and on the mounting elements 10 'formed from the side of the other external jumper 8', with a short overhang of the console, and 11 'with a long overhang of the console, made with covering contact surfaces 12', 13 ', the fixing elements are made: 19'th - in the form of engagement U-image hydrochloric shape and 20' first - in a projecting manner, wherein the locking engagement is U-shaped 19 'and the locking projection 20' is provided with recesses, aligned with the antennae.

The claimed group of inventions meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability", since its implementation is possible using existing means of production using well-known technological operations.

The claimed group of inventions is characterized by the totality of the essential features in all points of the presented formula of the claimed group of inventions.

Claims (68)

1. A lengthy structural element of composite material containing a reinforcing cage, obtained by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium bonding them with a polymer binder, and formed by shaped walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and the others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located on the free ends of each of the profile walls in which the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with combining circulating with each other and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding male and female contact surfaces, the latter are made equidistantly biased, and the displacement is selected within the range of α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent step of alternation in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is chosen within the limits γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, respectively. 2. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t - the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove. 3. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that inside at least one longitudinal cavity there is a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile formed from a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall, and placed with support either adjacent jumpers, either to one of the adjacent jumpers and to one of the profile walls, or to one of the profile walls. 4. The lengthy structural element according to claim 3, characterized in that the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the jumpers, or in the form of a flat strip, curved arcuate or box-shaped and resting each on one from profile walls. 5. The long structural element according to claim 2, characterized in that the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented fixing elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements. 6. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be arranged in planes parallel to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls. 7. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be arranged in planes inclined with respect to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls at an obtuse angle, and the obtuse angle value can be selected within from 179 to 150 °. 8. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting elements with male and / or female contact surfaces can be made at an arbitrary angle with respect to the plane of the profile walls. 9. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting elements supporting the locking elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located crosswise on one of the frame diagonals, and the mounting elements bearing the fixing elements on the covering contact surfaces elements with the same or different equal distance of the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, can be located crosswise on another diagonal to rkasa. 10. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the mounting elements supporting the locking elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located on the side of one of the extreme jumpers of the frame, and the mounting elements bearing on the covering contact surfaces the fixing elements with the same or different equal distance of the fixing elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, can be located on the side of the other extreme ychki frame. 11. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking elements on the male and female contact surfaces can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme jumpers. 12. The lengthy structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking elements in cross section on female contact surfaces can be made in the form of recesses and / or protrusions, and the locking elements in the same cross section on male contact surfaces in the form of protrusions and / or recesses. 13. The lengthy structural element according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with profiles in cross section shaped either as an isosceles or beveled triangle, or a rectangle, or a polygon, or an arc of a circle, or arcs of an ellipse, or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections. 14. The long structural element according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of one or more repeating groups formed of two or more profiles in any combination. 15. The lengthy structural element according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of serrated combs with triangular isosceles teeth or triangular beveled teeth. 16. The lengthy structural element according to item 12, characterized in that the profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the female contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or recess on the male contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, while their linear dimensions contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination. 17. A long-length structural element made of composite material containing a reinforcing carcass obtained by drawing through layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together and formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of its contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and the others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located on the free ends of each of the profile walls in which the reinforcing frame is provided with two additional flat longitudinal cantilever shelves formed at the ends of the profile walls free from the main cantilever shelves as a continuation of the latter, and the male contact surfaces are formed on additional flat longitudinal cantilever shelves, the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with mutually matching contours and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding covered and covering contact surfaces, the last you are filled equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected within the range of α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed over the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference of β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is selected within the limits of γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm, respectively. 18. The long structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of the at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t - the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove. 19. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that inside at least one longitudinal cavity there is a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile formed of a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall, and placed with support either adjacent jumpers, either to one of the adjacent jumpers and to one of the profile walls, or to one of the profile walls. 20. The lengthy structural element according to claim 19, characterized in that the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the jumpers, or in the form of a flat strip, curved arcuate or box-shaped and resting each on one from profile walls. 21. The long structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented fixing elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements. 22. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be arranged in planes parallel to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls. 23. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be located in planes inclined with respect to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls at an obtuse angle, and the obtuse angle value can be selected within from 179 to 150 °. 24. The lengthy structural element according to 17, characterized in that the mounting elements with male and / or female contact surfaces can be made at an arbitrary angle with respect to the plane of the profile walls. 25. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that the mounting elements supporting the locking elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located crosswise on one of the frame diagonals, and the mounting elements bearing the locking elements on the covering contact surfaces elements with the same or different equal distance of the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers can be located crosswise on another diagonal Arkas. 26. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that the mounting elements supporting the fixing elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located on the side of one of the extreme jumpers of the frame, and the mounting elements bearing on the covering contact surfaces the fixing elements with the same or different equal distance of the fixing elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, can be located on the side of the other extreme slippers frame. 27. The lengthy structural element according to 17, characterized in that the locking elements on the male and female contact surfaces can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme jumpers. 28. The lengthy structural element according to 17, characterized in that the locking elements in cross section on female contact surfaces can be made in the form of recesses and / or protrusions, and the locking elements in the same cross section on male contact surfaces - for example, in the form of protrusions and / or recesses. 29. The long structural element according to claim 28, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with profiles in cross section formed, for example, in the form of either an isosceles or beveled triangle, or a rectangle, or a polygon, or an arc a circle, or an arc of an ellipse, or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections. 30. The lengthy structural element according to claim 28, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed, for example, in the form of one or more repeating groups formed of two or more profiles in any combination. 31. The lengthy structural element according to claim 28, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of serrated combs with triangular isosceles teeth or triangular beveled teeth. 32. The long structural element according to claim 28, characterized in that the profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the female contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or recesses on the male contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, while their linear dimensions contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination. 33. The lengthy structural element according to claim 17, characterized in that on the mounting elements with male contact surfaces formed on the side of one external jumper, the locking elements are made in the form of antennae, and on the mounting elements formed on the side of the other external jumper with female contact surfaces the fixing elements are made on one with a short extension of the console in the form of a U-shaped mesh, and the other with a long extension of the console in the form of a protrusion, while the locking engagement U- shaped and locking protrusion provided with hollows, aligned with the antennae. 34. A lengthy structural element made of composite material containing a reinforcing cage, obtained by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, and formed by profile walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on the profile walls in the area of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located on the free ends of the profile walls, in which longitudinal cantilever shelves are formed on one of the profile walls, and flat longitudinal grooves are formed on the other of the profile walls, covering and covered contact surfaces the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with contours compatible with each other and formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding male and female contact surfaces, the latter are made equidistantly biased, and the displacement is selected within α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, while the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed as distributed over The surfaces of the bulges and depressions, alternately alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternation step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions is selected in the range γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm. 35. The long structural element according to claim 34, characterized in that a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t - the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove. 36. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, characterized in that inside at least one longitudinal cavity is made reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile, formed from a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall, and placed with support either adjacent jumpers, either to one of the adjacent jumpers and to one of the profile walls, or to one of the profile walls. 37. The long structural element according to clause 36, wherein the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the jumpers, or in the form of a flat strip curved in an arcuate or box-like shape and resting on one of profile walls. 38. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented fixing elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements. 39. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the generatrix of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be located in planes parallel to the planes of adjacent sections of the profile walls. 40. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the mounting elements with male and / or female contact surfaces can be made at an arbitrary angle with respect to the plane of the profile walls. 41. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the mounting elements supporting the locking elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located crosswise on one of the frame diagonals, and the mounting elements bearing the locking elements on the covering contact surfaces elements with the same or different equal distance of the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers can be located crosswise on another diagonal Arkas. 42. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the locking elements on the male and female contact surfaces can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme jumpers. 43. The lengthy structural element according to clause 34, wherein the locking elements in cross section on female contact surfaces can be made in the form of recesses and / or protrusions, and the locking elements in the same cross section on male contact surfaces are in the form of protrusions and / or recesses. 44. The lengthy structural element according to item 43, wherein the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with profiles in cross section shaped as either an isosceles or beveled triangle, or a rectangle, or a polygon, or an arc of a circle, or arcs of an ellipse, or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections. 45. The lengthy structural element according to item 43, wherein the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of one or more repeating groups formed of two or more profiles in any combination. 46. The lengthy structural element according to item 43, wherein the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of serrated combs with triangular isosceles teeth and / or triangular beveled teeth. 47. The lengthy structural element according to item 43, wherein the profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the covering contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or recesses on the covered contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, while their linear dimensions contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination. 48. A long structural element made of composite material containing a reinforcing cage, obtained by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together and formed by profile walls connected by jumpers with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and the others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located on the free ends of each of the profile walls in which the flat longitudinal cantilever shelves and flat longitudinal grooves are made on the side of the contact surfaces with a variable thickness and recess, respectively, increasing extending towards adjacent extreme jumpers, the female and male contact surfaces of the mounting elements are provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements with profiles made with contours that are compatible with each other and formed from a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, at the same time with the corresponding male and female contact surfaces, the latter are made equidistantly displaced, and the displacement is selected in the range α = 0.1 ÷ 3 mm, In this case, the outer surfaces of the frame, including mounting elements, are formed in the form of convexities and depressions distributed on the surface, successively alternating in two intersecting directions, with a height difference in the range β = 0.05 ÷ 1 mm and an independent alternating step in each direction, and the step in each of the directions, γ = 1 ÷ 30 mm and δ = 1 ÷ 30 mm are selected, respectively. 49. The long structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t - the thickness of the section of the profile wall adjacent to the groove. 50. The lengthy structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that inside at least one longitudinal cavity there is a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile formed of a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent to the reinforcing material of the profile wall, and placed with support either adjacent jumpers, either to one of the adjacent jumpers and to one of the profile walls, or to one of the profile walls. 51. A lengthy structural element according to claim 50, characterized in that the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the jumpers, or in the form of a flat strip, curved arcuate or box-shaped and resting on one of profile walls. 52. The long structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that the generatrix of the female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be made shorter than the generatrix of the male contact surfaces of the mounting elements. 53. The long structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that each of the generatrices of the male and female contact surfaces of the mounting elements can be linearly variable or stepped in shape and formed mated with an adjacent extreme jumper. 54. The lengthy structural element according to p, characterized in that each of the generatrices covered and covering the contact surfaces of the mounting elements is made arcuate. 55. The lengthy structural element according to p, characterized in that each of the forming covered and covering contact surfaces of the mounting elements is made as part of the surface of the polyhedron. 56. The long structural element according to claim 49, characterized in that the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented fixing elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements. 57. The lengthy structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that the mounting elements bearing fixing elements equally spaced from respective extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces can be located crosswise on one of the frame diagonals, and the mounting elements carrying fixing elements on the covering contact surfaces elements with the same or different equal distance of the locking elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers can be located crosswise on another diagonal Arkas. 58. The lengthy structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that the mounting elements bearing fixing elements equally spaced from the corresponding extreme jumpers on the contact surfaces may be located on the side of one of the extreme jumpers of the frame, and the mounting elements bearing on the covering contact surfaces the fixing elements with the same or different equal distance of the fixing elements from the corresponding extreme jumpers, can be located on the side of the other extreme slippers frame. 59. The lengthy structural element according to p, characterized in that the locking elements on the male and female contact surfaces can be made at different distances from the corresponding extreme jumpers. 60. The long structural element according to claim 48, characterized in that the locking elements in cross section on female contact surfaces can be made in the form of recesses and / or protrusions, and the locking elements in the same cross section on male contact surfaces are in the form of protrusions and / or recesses. 61. A lengthy structural element according to claim 60, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be made with profiles in cross section formed in the form of either an isosceles or beveled triangle, or a rectangle, or a polygon, or an arc of a circle, or arcs of an ellipse, or any other profile formed by the articulation of the listed sections. 62. The long structural element according to claim 61, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of one or more repeating groups formed of two or more profiles in any combination. 63. The lengthy structural element according to claim 60, characterized in that the locking protrusions and recesses on the contact surfaces can be formed in the form of serrated combs with triangular isosceles teeth and / or triangular beveled teeth. 64. The long structural element according to claim 60, characterized in that the profiles of the recesses and / or protrusions on the female contact surfaces and the profiles of the protrusions and / or recess on the male contact surfaces can be made with different configurations, while their linear dimensions contours in mutually perpendicular planes are selected from the condition of their combination. 65. A lengthy structural element made of composite material containing a reinforcing cage, obtained by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, and formed by profile walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and the others with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located on the free ends of each of the profile walls , in which a through longitudinal groove is made on one of the profile walls of at least one longitudinal cavity, the width of which is selected within ε = (0.5 ÷ 5) t, where t is the thickness of the fit present to the groove portion of the profile wall. 66. The lengthy structural element according to item 65, wherein the end surfaces of the through longitudinal groove can be provided with longitudinally oriented locking elements formed of a material equivalent in structure to the reinforcing material of the profile walls, along with the latter and with a profile made with a contour, compatible with the corresponding locking elements of the male contact surfaces of the jointed mounting elements. 67. A lengthy structural element of composite material containing a reinforcing cage, obtained by pulling through a die plate layers of unidirectional and intersecting and / or interwoven fibers placed in a continuous medium of a polymer binder holding them together, and formed by profile walls connected by jumpers, with the formation of at least at least one longitudinal cavity and mounting elements for assembly in the planes of the profile walls, some of which are made with female contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal cantilever shelves located one on each of the profile walls in the zone of their contact with the corresponding extreme jumper, and the other with commensurate male contact surfaces and formed in the form of two flat longitudinal recesses located one at the free ends each of the profile walls, in which inside at least one longitudinal cavity there is a reinforcing longitudinal bridge of arbitrary profile formed from a reinforcing material with a volume content equivalent reinforcing material of the profile wall, and with a support placed on or adjacent lintel, or on one of the webs and adjacent to one of the profiled walls or on one of the profile walls. 68. The lengthy structural element according to p. 67, characterized in that the reinforcing longitudinal bridge can be made in the form of a flat strip, an equidistant internal plane of the profile wall and resting on the jumpers, or in the form of a flat strip, curved arcuate or box-shaped and resting on one of profile walls.

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