RU2267256C2 - Method for rice cropping - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular rice cropping.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes soil treatment, fertilization, seeding and irrigation regime, plant treatment in tillering period with mixture of herbicide and growth controlling agent. Treatment id carried out using mixture of bazagran M as herbicide in amount of 3 l/hectare and emystim as growth controlling agent in amount of 0.5-5 ml/hectare against the background on N_60-120P₉₀K₆₀.

EFFECT: decreased adverse herbicide action; increased rice yield.

4 tbl, 1 ex

Description

A known method of growing rice (see, for example, Kalinin A.P., Aleshin E.P., Chebotarev M.I. Agronomical notebook. Rice cultivation by intensive technology. M: Rosselkhozizdat, 1987. S. 41-43), including soil cultivation, fertilizing, rice crops, flooding, treatment of rice crops with herbicides against weeds.

The disadvantage of this method is that the use of the herbicide, in addition to the inhibitory effect on weeds, has a negative effect on the cultivated plant for some time (see, for example, Pankova V.I. Changes in the photochemical activity of tomato leaf chloroplasts under the influence of herbicides. - Reports Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2001, No. 6, S.14-15).

In addition, it is known that the use of broad-action herbicides partially inhibits the metabolism of cultivated plants (see, for example, Isakova L.I. Improving the safety of herbicides for cultivated plants (foreign experience) // Agricultural production: experience, problems and development trends . - 1988, No. 1, S.35-44). So, for example, 2,4-D-based herbicides and many others, as a rule, have a partial toxic effect on crop plants protected from weeds. Given that the positive effect of herbicides far exceeds their toxic negative effect, this fact remains beyond the attention of consumers. At the same time, all large corporations for the production of herbicides in recent decades have been working on the creation of antidotes (antidotes) and protective (protective) compounds to reduce the toxic effect of herbicides.

A known method of growing rice using antidotes and herbicides (see, for example, Further studies with herbicides safeness on rice and maize. Parker C. "Brit. Crop Prot. Conf. Weeds. Proc., Brighton, 22.25 ^th Nov., 1982. Vol .2. "Croydon, 1982, 475-482), comprising treating rice seeds with anhydride (0.5% by weight of seeds) and Ca (O) ₂ (30-40%); in some cases, spraying the surface of the soil or plants with the R25788 antidote (1 kg / ha) with the introduction of various commercial herbicides was also applied. As a result of this treatment, rice resistance to herbicides increased.

The disadvantage of this method is that the use of the above antidotes requires high doses of the active substance and does not contribute to the activation of growth shaping and functional processes, increasing only the resistance of plants to stress.

A known method of growing rice (see, for example, A.G. Laguta, E.P. Nikolayev, N.V. Minaev. The influence of plant growth regulator furolan on the productivity of rice plants // Bull. VIUA. 2003. No. 118. S. 63-65), which we adopted as a prototype, including soil cultivation, fertilizing, sowing, flooding, processing of crops in the tillering phase with the herbicide bazagran together with the growth regulator furolan.

The disadvantage of this method is that at the moment, in rice growing, instead of the herbicide, bazagran uses its more effective analogue of bazagran M, which reduces the consumption of the active substance - bentazone by 30-40%. In addition, the furolan growth regulator used has little effect on rice yield.

The objective of the proposed method is to reduce the negative impact of the herbicide on the cultivated plant, as well as increasing yield.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the processing of rice crops in the tillering phase is carried out with a mixture of the herbicide Bazagran M at a dose of 3 l / ha and an Emistim growth regulator at a dose of 0.5-5 ml / ha against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀ .

Emistim is a liquid from metabolic derivatives of the symbiont fungus Acremonium lichenicola. Metabolism products contain a complex of growth substances, vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides and other physiologically active substances in a water-alcohol solution.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples of implementation of the proposed method.

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

The experiments were conducted on the rice irrigation system of the All-Russian Research Institute of Rice in the period 2001-2003. As an object of research, we used a variety of rice Liman cultivated according to the scheme:

1. Without treatment of plants (control).

2. Treatment of plants with the herbicide Bazagran M at the recommended dose.

3. Treatment of plants with the herbicide Bazagran M + growth regulator emistim at a dose of 0.5 ml / ha.

4. Treatment of plants with the herbicide Bazagran M + growth regulator emistim at a dose of 1 ml / ha.

5. Treatment of plants with the herbicide Bazagran M + growth regulator emistim at a dose of 5 ml / ha.

The effectiveness of the options was evaluated on four backgrounds of mineral nutrition:

1. Without mineral fertilizers (N ₀ P ₀ K ₀ ), control.

2. The introduction of N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ (kg AI / ha).

3. The introduction of N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ (kg AI / ha).

4. The introduction of N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ (kg AI / ha).

As nitrogen fertilizer, carbamide (46% a.a.) was used, phosphoric fertilizer - a simple modified superphosphate (19.5% a.a.), potassium - potassium chloride (60% a.a.), which were introduced in full dose before sowing .

In the experiments, the basagran M herbicide was used in a dose recommended by the BASF manufacturer - 3 l / ha.

Processing vegetative plants only with the herbicide Bazagran M and tank mixture (Bazagran M at a dose of 3 l / ha + growth regulator Emistim at a dose of 0.5-5 ml / ha) was carried out in the tillering phase of rice against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀ s using a sprayer. A working solution was prepared by adding an emistim growth regulator to the herbicide in the tank mixture. Control plants were treated with pure water that did not contain a regulator or herbicide.

Analysis of the features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, as well as its effectiveness in front of it, giving this method of rice cultivation the criterion of "novelty" are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1
Analysis of signs for novelty Prototype The claimed technical solution 1. Tillage 1. The same 2. Fertilizing 2. The same 3. Sowing 3. The same 4. Irrigation mode 4. The same 5. Processing rice crops in the tillering phase with the herbicide bazagran mixed with growth regulator furolan 5. Processing of rice crops in the tillering phase with a mixture of the herbicide Bazagran M at a dose of 3 l / ha and a growth regulator of emistim at a dose of 0.5-5 ml / ha against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀

table 2
Analysis of the essential features that create a positive effect Sign of the claimed technical solution New properties acquired as a result of using features of a technical solution Achieved positive effect Treatment of rice crops in the tillering phase with a mixture of the herbicide Bazagran M at a dose of 3 l / ha and a growth regulator of emistim at a dose of 0.5-5 ml / ha against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀ It stimulates the development of a more powerful assimilation surface and activates the photosynthetic activity of leaves, which is expressed through the content of plastid pigments. Reducing the negative impact of the herbicide on rice plants, as evidenced by an increase in the leaf surface index, leads to an increase in grain yield.

An analysis of the experimental results indicates that the use of the herbicide Bazagran M reduces the photosynthetic activity of rice plants, expressed through the index of the leaf surface and the content of plastid pigments in the leaves (Table 3). The greatest decrease in the content of plastid pigments occurred on agrophones N ₀ P ₀ K ₀ and N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ , and more so against an unfertilized background. On all backgrounds of mineral nutrition, except for N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ , the herbicide reduced the index of the leaf surface within -1.7 ...- 12.7%. All this negatively affected rice productivity, which decreased by 3.3% against an unapproved background (Table 4). With an increase in the dose of fertilizer applied, the negative effect of the herbicide Bazagran M was smoothed out.

The addition of emistim to Bazagran M not only removed the negative effect of the herbicide on the content of plastid pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and the leaf surface index, but also increased their values in comparison with the control (untreated plants). Excess index sheet surface with respect to the embodiment where the herbicide was applied alone, was on the background P N ₀ K _{0 0} - 29.8% and N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 52.8% and N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 19.3% and N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ - 12.0%, which in turn led to an increase in productivity by 12.7, 6.6, 6.9 and 3.9%, respectively. It should also be noted that the greatest effectiveness from this agricultural intake was provided when using emistim at a dose of 1 and 5 ml / ha against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀ .

Table 3
The influence of the proposed method on the photosynthetic activity of rice Options The content of plastid pigments, mg / DM ² Index of sheet surface, m ² / m ² Chl. BUT Chl. AT carotenoids N ₀ P ₀ Ko The control 2,37 0.95 0.57 1.42 Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 1.97 0.80 0.50 1.24 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 2,39 0.98 0.57 1.46 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 2.60 1.01 0.65 1,61 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 2,51 0.98 0.62 1,54 P ₉₀ N ₆₀ K ₆₀ The control 2.48 0.95 0.60 2.60 Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 2.69 1.09 0.61 2.48 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 2.76 1,11 0.64 2.76 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 3.00 1.14 0.71 3.79 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 2.85 1,11 0.70 3,50 N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ The control 2.65 1,07 0.63 4.12 Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 2.94 1.13 0.68 4.05 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 2.93 1.13 0.69 4.27 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 2.99 1.20 0.71 4.83 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 2.97 1.20 0.72 4.82 N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ The control 2.99 1.18 0.69 5.00 Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 2.86 1.14 0.65 5.14 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 2.99 1.20 0.71 5.22 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 3.07 1.22 0.72 5.76 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 3.10 1.23 0.75 5.81

Table 4
The influence of the proposed method on rice productivity Options Productivity, t / ha Deviations from control Cost of increase, rub./ha c / ha % N ₀ P ₀ K ₀ The control 51,2 - - - Bazagran M 49.5 -1.7 -3.3 -816 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 52.3 +1.1 +2.1 +528 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 55.8 +4.6 +9.0 +2208 Bazagran M + Emistam (5 ml / ha) 54.1 +2.9 +5.7 +1392 N ₆₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ The control 87.2 - Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 86.4 -0.8 -0.9 -384 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 88.0 +0.8 +0.9 +384 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 92.1 +4.9 +5.6 +2352 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 91.5 +4.3 +4.9 +2064 N ₉₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ The control 94.3 - - - Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 93.9 -0.4 -0.4 -192 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 95.1 +0.8 +0.8 +384 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 100,4 + 6.1 +6.5 +2928 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 100.0 +5.7 + 6.0 +2736 N ₁₂₀ P ₉₀ K ₆₀ The control 102,2 - - - Bazagran M (3 l / ha) 104.1 +1.9 +1.9 +912 Bazagran M + Emistim (0.5 ml / ha) 104.9 +2.7 +2.6 +1296 Bazagran M + Emistim (1 ml / ha) 108,2 + 6.0 +5.9 +2880 Bazagran M + Emistim (5 ml / ha) 108.7 +6.5 +6.4 +3120 NDS _A 1,6 NDS _in 1.8 NDS _AV 3.6

Claims (1)

A method of rice cultivation, including soil cultivation, fertilizing, sowing and irrigation mode, sowing treatment, in the phase of tillering the rice with a mixture of herbicide and growth regulator, characterized in that the processing of rice sowing in the tillering phase is carried out with a mixture of basagran M herbicide at a dose of 3 l / ha and a growth regulator of emistim in a dose of 0.5-5 ml / ha against a background of N _60-120 P ₉₀ K ₆₀ .