RU2260568C1 - Sewage purification installation for cottages - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sewage purification equipment for separate cottages.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the devices for deep purification of household sewage of separately located detached buildings of cottages type, recreation centers, hospitals, sanatoria, and may be used for preparation of sewage for a reuse for needs of showering of plants, sinks and other needs of separately located housings. The sewage purification installation of cottages contains: a septic tank, a bioreactor with cenoses of the adnate and freely-floating microorganisms, having two rotating drums with chutes of the sludge mix interchute cross-flow, thin-layer sludge separators and underpans, and also buckets fixed on wheels of the rotating drums, a device of after-purification made in the form of a filtering tower with a grainy catalytic agent of the first kind, a tank for purified water, a decontamination device in the form of two filter towers filled with catalytic agents of the second and the third kind, containing air ducts for the second, a waste discharge pipeline and an electrified shutter controlled by a command electrical device. Chambers of the septic tank and the first stage of the bioreactor are made with a capability to average consumption of water. The technical result is a decrease of the installation power consumption, simplification of exploitation, full automation and improved quality of the purified sewage liquid.

EFFECT: the invention ensures decreased power input of the installation, simplification of its operation, full automation of the purification process and improved quality of the purified sewage liquid.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for deep treatment of domestic wastewater from separate buildings such as cottages, recreation centers, hospitals, sanatoriums, etc. and can be used to prepare wastewater for reuse for the needs of watering plants, sinks and other needs of separately located housing.

It is known to use septic tanks and underground filtering fields [1] for the treatment of wastewater of separate objects. The structures included in this device are located underground, and it is impossible to control their operation, the quality of treated water, especially in conditions of frequent precipitation, flat terrain.

It is known to use rotary bio-drums for biological treatment of small amounts of wastewater [2]. However, due to the tightening of standards for the content of purified wastewater discharged into surface watercourses, nutrients, dissolved organic impurities and suspended solids, the completion of treatment plants for stand-alone facilities such as cottages with one drum is not enough.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the installation for biological treatment of domestic wastewater [3], including a septic tank, a device for biological treatment of clarified wastewater on aerated aeration tank with attached microorganisms and a secondary tank with airlift device for draining sediment into a septic tank sedimentation tank, drip biofilter with a loading of 0.8-0.95 g / m ³ specific gravity, a drainage device combined with a submersible pump chamber, and a device for disinfection in odes mounted above the pump.

The disadvantages of the known device are: the instability of the airlift for pumping sludge into a septic tank, the sagging of an annular perforated pipe supplying sewage to a drip biofilter, incomplete disinfection of purified water with increased removal of suspended solids from a drip biofilter, the regeneration of which is not provided for, and ultraviolet lamps irradiations are located in the sedimentation zone of suspended solids of the treated waste fluid.

The basis of the invention is the task of reducing the energy consumption of the device, simplifying operation and eliminating the need for the constant presence of operating personnel near the treatment plant due to the complete automation of its operation, improving the quality of the treated wastewater to the level of discharge requirements into fishery ponds or dry land.

The problem is solved by performing an aerated loading of the aerotank movable, in the form of rotating bio-drums equipped with scoops on the outer wheel generatrix, the aeration tank consists of two compartments in series with their bio-drums and scoops, each compartment is equipped with a thin-layer sludge separator and by-pass sludge return pipes in the compartment, the supply of wastewater to the next stage of cleaning and removal of excess activated sludge into the septic tank, for tertiary treatment and disinfection of the cleaned liquid The unit is equipped with three sequentially connected bypass trays, compartments equipped with three types of granular catalytic filter media, the first of which consists of a Catan III catalyst, granules of organic complexes of metals of variable valency introduced into the mass of a polymer carrier (high pressure polyethylene) with a grain size of 10 ... 15 mm, made with a layer in the compartment 1.0 m, the second one consists of an AK-1 catalyst, cylindrical granules of brown color, which include the following components: pyrite cinder, copper (II) oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, potassium hydroxide, petroleum coke, glass, clay, made of 900 mm layer and a third, consisting of plate-type AK-C catalyst granules with a grain size of 3 ... 5 mm, consisting of the components of the catalyst AK with the addition of silver oxide, made with a layer of 800 mm

Considering the absence of contaminating nodes and energy costs for disinfection, as well as the presence of more specific biocenoses in the wastewater treatment stages, catalytic loads in the wastewater aftertreatment compartments, the task is set to increase the degree of purification, reduce energy consumption and increase operational reliability.

Patent studies have shown that neither in the patent nor in the scientific and technical literature there is information about sewage treatment plants with such a set of distinctive features of supply, performance, relative position, design features of the installation, which is given in the claims, which allows us to state that the proposed installation meets the condition of patentability \ novelty \.

A comparative analysis of devices used in known technical solutions, including in the prototype, shows the significance of the distinguishing features of the proposed solution. The advantages that are achieved by the new design of the installation indicate that the tasks that are being solved are performed at the inventive level, since their set and execution do not follow obviously from solutions known in the art and therefore meet the patentability criterion \ inventive step \.

The proposed installation is illustrated in the drawing.

The treatment plant includes: a trash bin 1, a two- or three-chamber septic tank-settler 2, a tank 3 with bio-drums 5, equipped with scoops 4, water trays 6 and thin-layer sludge separators 7. The desilter 7 of the second stage of bio-drums 5 is connected by a pipe 8 with electrified shut-off valves 13, controlled by a controller with a septic tank-settler 2. From the sludge separator 7 of the second stage of the bio-drums 5, the clarified water enters the filtration column 10, filled with a catalyst of the first kind, in its upper part. After passing through the catalyst, the effluent flows to column 11 with a second type of catalyst, continuously aerated by air from duct 14, then the flow goes to column 12, filled with a third type of catalyst and blown by air from duct 14, passing through which, is discharged through pipe 16 to the nearest surface watercourse. Column 10 is washed once a day with purified water, accumulated in the clean water tank 15, filled with airlift from column 12. The washing water is supplied from the tank 15 through a pipe 9 equipped with shut-off and control valves 13 controlled by the controller.

The proposed treatment plant works as follows: the wastewater from the cottages through the courtyard sewer network comes in the inspection well to the trash basket 1, where they are freed from large, water-insoluble wastes. Then, through the flooded inlet, the drain enters the first chamber of the septic tank-settler 2, where suspended solids and floating impurities are released from the wastewater. Floating impurities form a layer of fat on the surface of the water, blocking the entry of oxygen into the water from atmospheric air. In the chambers of the septic tank-settler 2, anaerobic biological processes occur that ensure the destruction of synthetic surface-active substances (SAS). From the septic tank-settler 2, the drain flows by gravity into the tank 3 with bio-drums 5. In the tank of the tank 3 there are two bio-drums 5, separated from each other by a solid partition. In each bio-drum 5, scoops 4 are fixed on the outer generatrix, lifting the wastewater from the bio-drum pan 5 to the drain tray 6 and then to the thin-layer sludge separator 7. In the first bio-drum, the water level is variable, and in the second it is constant. From the sludge trap 7 of the second stage of the bio-drum 5, the sludge mixture is discharged into the first chamber of the septic tank-settler 2 through the electrified shut-off valve 13 through the pipe 8. The water level in the chambers of the septic tank-settler 2 and the pan of the first bio-drum 5 can be changed by an amount that allows the second stage 5 drums to feed the stock at a constant hourly average flow rate. The flow rate is regulated by tilting the scoop to the horizontal plane. From the sludge separator 7 of the second stage of the bio-drums 5, the clarified effluent flows by gravity into the column 10 of the quick filter with the filtration of the flow from top to bottom through a granular catalyst of the first type. The filtrate is discharged to column 11 with another catalyst. And as the first type of catalyst is silted in column 10, it is washed with purified water through a pipe 9 with shut-off valves 13 from the clean water tank 15 by supplying water from the bottom up with the simultaneous supply of air from the duct 14.

The washing water flows through a pipeline from column 10 to a sludge separator 7 and is discharged through a pipeline 8 into the first chamber of a septic tank-settler 2. From column 11, the treated water flows into column 12 with a catalyst of the third kind. The catalysts and the treated water in columns 11 and 12 are continuously sparged with air from the air duct 14. From column 12, part of the water is airlift supplied to the reservoir 15, and the rest of the runoff is discharged through the pipeline 16 through the purified water reservoir 17 to the nearest surface watercourse.

The supply of a sewage treatment plant for cottages with a septic tank with a septic tank for at least a 2.5-day stay is due to the need to ensure anaerobic destruction of complex, difficultly oxidized substances, such as surfactants, to equalize the composition of wastewater over time. Detached houses have a specific composition of wastewater. If there is a large washing of clothes and linen in the house, then a lot of surfactants enter the sewer, which wash off the biofilm of attached microorganisms, worsen the mass transfer of oxygen to water and dramatically reduce the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

The studies of the authors showed that in the septic tank-settler SPAS are destroyed within the first two days and their harmful effect on the work of aerobic structures is eliminated.

The use of the chambers of the septic tanks-settlers and the first stage of the aerobic bioreactor as averagers of wastewater costs allows us to reduce the depth of variation of the height of the liquid layer both in the septic tank and in the first stage of the aerobic bioreactor, which stabilizes their work, and ultimately helps to achieve this goal - improving the quality of purified water to the required level.

The supply of aerobic bio-drums with a ruffled nozzle to water-lifting scoops makes it possible to reduce energy consumption and simplify the process of transferring sludge mixtures, recycling waste water, and discharging excess biomass for anaerobic stabilization.

The implementation of the disinfecting device in the form of filters with a catalytic loading of granular material eliminates the need for dosing of reagents, which simplifies operation and eliminates the need for the constant presence of operating personnel, helps to increase the degree of automation of the treatment plant.

The use of three types of catalysts in a treatment plant can significantly improve the quality of treated wastewater, especially in terms of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, COD and BOD, specific organic compounds: surfactants and petroleum products.

Sources of information

1. Installations for wastewater treatment. Directory. (Edited by L.S. Skvortsov). - M .: Regional branch \ Problems of the introduction of modern technologies of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, 2001. - P.58-59.

2. A.S. USSR No. 1271016. 4 C 02 F 3/30, 05.17.1982. Device for biological treatment of water. Kulikov N.I. and etc.

3. Patent No. 2137720 C1. 7 C 02 F 3/06, 1999. Plant for the biological treatment of domestic wastewater. Bogateev I.A., Nechaev I.A.

Claims (2)

1. A sewage treatment plant for cottages, including a septic tank, a bioreactor with communities of attached and free-floating microorganisms, and a disinfecting device, characterized in that the septic tank and the first stage of the bioreactor are made with the possibility of averaging water consumption, the bioreactor contains two rotating drums with sludge mixture transfer trays , thin-layer desilters and pallets, as well as scoops attached to the wheels of the rotating drums, while the desilter located after the second bio-drum, with it is one with a discharge pipeline equipped with an electrified valve controlled by a command-electric device, the aftertreatment device is made in the form of a filter column with a first-type granular catalyst, periodically washed with purified water from the purified water tank in the reverse direction of wastewater filtration with its overflow into the sludge separator of the second bio-drum by means of a discharge pipe connected to the first chamber of the septic tank, and the disinfecting device is made in the form of two filter columns filled with catalysts of the second and third type, containing air ducts for sparging. 2. The treatment plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the treated wastewater tank is configured to replenish the wash water supply by means of an airlift from a filter column with a catalyst of the third type, located above the column with a catalyst of the first type and equipped with an electrified valve associated with the command -electric device on the discharge pipe.