RU2076667C1 - Total knee joint endoprosthesis - Google Patents

Total knee joint endoprosthesis Download PDF

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RU2076667C1
RU2076667C1 RU93051455A RU93051455A RU2076667C1 RU 2076667 C1 RU2076667 C1 RU 2076667C1 RU 93051455 A RU93051455 A RU 93051455A RU 93051455 A RU93051455 A RU 93051455A RU 2076667 C1 RU2076667 C1 RU 2076667C1
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leg
endoprosthesis
knee joint
proximal
total knee
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RU93051455A
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Russian (ru)
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RU93051455A (en
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А.В. Войтович
Н.В. Корнилов
В.И. Карпцов
В.Л. Пеньков
С.Г. Парфеев
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Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им.Р.Р.Вредена
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Abstract

FIELD: medicine for knee joint endoprosthetics. SUBSTANCE: total knee joint endoprosthesis has hinge-joined distal and proximal components. each component has a leg and a housing. The free end of both legs is split. The leg is furnished with a separating stem positioned for movement in the leg axial duct. The housing of the proximal component is linked with the leg for cone joint. EFFECT: enhanced convenience. 2 dwg

Description

Изобретение относится к области медицины, в частности травматологии и ортопедии, и может быть использовано для эндопротезирования коленного сустава при травмах и заболеваниях. The invention relates to medicine, in particular traumatology and orthopedics, and can be used for knee replacement for injuries and diseases.

Известен эндопротез [1] выполненный из нержавеющей стали, состоящий из бедренного и большеберцового компонентов, соединенных жестко в виде шарнира, закрепленного болтом с гайкой. Недостатками эндопротеза являются отсутствие биомеханических конструктивных особенностей, присущих опорно-двигательному аппарату человека (вальгусного наклона бедренного компонента в правой и левой части) и несовершенство фиксации шарнира (расшатывание болта с гайкой может привести к нарушению целостности шарнира и вывиху эндопротеза). Known endoprosthesis [1] made of stainless steel, consisting of femoral and tibial components connected rigidly in the form of a hinge, bolted to a nut. The disadvantages of the endoprosthesis are the lack of biomechanical design features inherent in the human musculoskeletal system (the valgus inclination of the femoral component in the right and left parts) and the imperfection of the hinge (loosening of the bolt and nut can lead to disruption of the joint integrity and dislocation of the endoprosthesis).

Известен эндопротез [2] выбранный в качестве ближайшего аналога. Known endoprosthesis [2] selected as the closest analogue.

Эндопротез выполнен с наружным исправлением оси стержня в бедренном компоненте на вальгус в 15 o. Ротационный эффект в бедренной и большеберцовой кости предотвращается при помощи шипов, находящихся на поверхности стержней. Недостатками эндопротеза являются болтовое соединение шарнира через шайбу гайкой, что ведет к нарушению целостности шарнира, плохая фиксация в костно-мозговых каналах ножек эндопротеза, громоздкость конструкции, что влечет за собой травматичность операции, отсутствие надколенника.The endoprosthesis is made with external correction of the axis of the rod in the femoral component on the valgus at 15 o . The rotational effect in the femur and tibia is prevented by spikes located on the surface of the rods. The disadvantages of the endoprosthesis are the bolt joint of the hinge through the washer with a nut, which leads to a violation of the integrity of the hinge, poor fixation in the bone marrow channels of the legs of the endoprosthesis, cumbersome design, which entails the invasiveness of the operation, the absence of the patella.

Техническим результатом при использовании изобретения является уменьшение травматичности операции за счет облегчения установки эндопротеза, улучшения фиксации ножек эндопротеза в костно-мозговых каналах, приближение биомеханических конструктивных особенностей эндопротеза к реальным биомеханическим особенностям опорно-двигательного аппарата человека. The technical result when using the invention is to reduce the morbidity of the operation by facilitating the installation of the endoprosthesis, improving the fixation of the legs of the endoprosthesis in the bone marrow canals, approximating the biomechanical design features of the endoprosthesis to the real biomechanical features of the musculoskeletal system of a person.

Технический результат обеспечивается тем, что дистальный и проксимальный компоненты предлагаемого эндопротеза соединены между собой с помощью шарнира. Корпус проксимального компонента связан с интрамедулярной ножкой с возможностью разъема посредством конусного соединения. Свободный конец обеих ножек выполнен расщепленным, каждая ножка снабжена разводящим стержнем, расположенным с возможностью перемещения в ее осевом канале. The technical result is ensured by the fact that the distal and proximal components of the proposed endoprosthesis are interconnected using a hinge. The body of the proximal component is connected to the intramedullary leg with the possibility of a connector through a conical connection. The free end of both legs is split, each leg is provided with a spreading rod located with the possibility of movement in its axial channel.

На фиг.1 показан общий вид эндопротеза;на фиг.2 вид А-А на фиг.1. In Fig.1 shows a General view of the endoprosthesis; Fig.2 is a view aa in Fig.1.

Тотальный эндопротез коленного сустава содержит дистальный 1 и проксимальный 2 компоненты, соединенные шарниром 3. Проксимальный компонент состоит из корпуса 4 и интрамедулярной ножки 5. Корпус 4 связан с ножкой 5 с возможностью разъема посредством конусного соединения. Дистальный компонент включает корпус 6 и интрамедулярную ножку 7. Интрамедулярные ножки 5 и 7 имеют осевые каналы 8 и 9. Свободный конец ножек 5 и 7 выполнен расщепленным. Каждая ножка снабжена разводящим стержнем 10 и 11. Стержень 10 расположен с возможностью перемещения в осевом канале 8, а стержень 11 в осевом канале 9. The total knee joint implant contains the distal 1 and proximal 2 components connected by a hinge 3. The proximal component consists of a body 4 and an intramedullary leg 5. The body 4 is connected to the leg 5 with the possibility of a connector through a conical connection. The distal component includes a body 6 and an intramedullary pedicle 7. The intramedullary pedicles 5 and 7 have axial channels 8 and 9. The free end of the legs 5 and 7 is split. Each leg is equipped with a spreading rod 10 and 11. The rod 10 is arranged to move in the axial channel 8, and the rod 11 in the axial channel 9.

Эндопротез коленного сустава устанавливают следующим. Осуществляют доступ к коленному суставу путем продольного разреза по передней поверхности бедра, послойно рассекают капсулу сустава. Далее поперечно рассекается сухожилие прямой мышцы бедра и связка надколенника, после чего обнажается дистальный отдел бедренной и проксимальный отдел больше берцовой кости. Производится обработка дистального отдела бедренной кости образование ложа для установки корпуса 4 проксимального компонента эндопротеза. Далее обрабатывается канал бедренной кости под интрамедулярную ножку 5 с учетом наклона на вальгус. С помощью специального приспособления производится вбивание ножки 5 в костный канал и вворачивание разводящего стержня 10, что приводит к разведению расщепленного конца ножки до упора частей ножки в кортикальную кость. После этого производится установка корпуса 4 на ножку 5. При этом корпус 4 садится в костное ложе, подготовленное в дистальном отделе бедренной кости. An endoprosthesis of the knee joint is as follows. Access to the knee joint is through a longitudinal incision along the front surface of the thigh, a capsule of the joint is dissected in layers. Next, the tendon of the rectus femoris muscle and the ligament of the patella are transversely dissected, after which the distal femur and the proximal part are larger than the tibia. The distal femur is treated with the formation of a bed for installation of the body 4 of the proximal component of the endoprosthesis. Next, the femoral canal is processed under the intramedullary pedicle 5, taking into account the inclination of the valgus. Using a special device, the leg 5 is driven into the bone canal and the spreading rod 10 is screwed in, which leads to the dilution of the split end of the leg to the stop of the leg parts in the cortical bone. After that, the installation of the body 4 on the leg 5. The body 4 sits in the bone bed, prepared in the distal femur.

Производится обработка проксимального отдела большеберцовой кости с образованием костного ложа под корпус 6, а также с образованием канала под интрамедулярную ножку 7. С помощью специального приспособления дистальный компонент 1 эндопротеза сажается в подготовленное место до упора. Далее вворачивается разводящий стержень 9, что приводит к разведению расщепленного конца ножки до упора частей ножки в кортикальную кость. The proximal tibia is processed with the formation of a bone bed under the body 6, as well as with the formation of a channel under the intramedullary leg 7. Using a special device, the distal component 1 of the endoprosthesis is seated in a prepared place until it stops. Next, the spreading rod 9 is screwed, which leads to the dilution of the split end of the leg to the stop of the leg parts in the cortical bone.

Эндопротез благодаря своим конструктивным особенностям, упрощает технику операции, что в свою очередь приводит к уменьшению травматичности, улучшению фиксации в костно-мозговом канале, приближает биомеханические конструктивные особенности эндопротеза к реальным биомеханическим особенностям опорно-двигательного аппарата человека. Due to its design features, the endoprosthesis simplifies the operation technique, which in turn leads to a reduction in trauma, an improvement in fixation in the bone marrow canal, and brings the biomechanical design features of the endoprosthesis closer to the real biomechanical features of the human musculoskeletal system.

Claims (1)

Тотальный эндопротез коленного сустава, содержащий шарнирно соединенные дистальный и проксимальный компоненты, каждый из которых состоит из ножки и корпуса, отличающийся тем, что свободный конец обеих ножек выполнен расщепленным, каждая ножка снабжена разводящим стержнем, расположенным с возможностью перемещения ее в осевом канале, при этом корпус проксимального компонента связан с ножкой с возможностью разъема посредством конусного соединения. A total knee joint implant containing articulated distal and proximal components, each of which consists of a leg and a body, characterized in that the free end of both legs is split, each leg is equipped with a spreading rod located to move it in the axial channel, while the body of the proximal component is connected to the leg with the possibility of a connector through a conical connection.
RU93051455A 1993-10-27 1993-10-27 Total knee joint endoprosthesis RU2076667C1 (en)

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