RU170938U1 - CULTIVATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in agricultural production. The technical result achieved by the utility model is to expand the arsenal of cultivators for tillage. The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in a cultivator containing a frame, a trailer pivotally connected to the frame, side sections pivotally connected to the frame, working bodies mounted on the supporting beams of the side sections, wheels mounted in front of the working bodies, rollers and leveling harrows, mounted behind the working bodies, while the rollers by means of levers are movably fixed on the side sections, and the side sections in the transport position are fixed on the trailer, according to a useful model transport wheels ivatora secured to the frame, the wheels on the frame and side sections mounted for adjustment of tillage depth, and uniformity of penetration is controlled by the working bodies katkami.Pri this working elements uniformly arranged on the carrier frame beams and / or lateral sections of three or four rows. The working bodies can be made in the form of an S-shaped spring strut with a universal foot. In this case, the S-shaped spring struts of the working bodies are fixed on the supporting beams of the frame by means of brackets. The working bodies can be made in the form of a C-shaped rack with a universal paw. In this case, the C-shaped racks of the working bodies are fixed on the supporting beams of the frame by means of elastic cylindrical elements. The leveling harrows are detachably attached to the roller beams. The funnel through the lever mechanism are adjustable in height relative to the rollers. In this case, the teeth of the harrows are adjustable in angle. 9 s.p. f-ly, 18 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering and can be used in agricultural production.

 State of the art

The prior art cultivator according to the patent for utility model RU 93201 [1], containing working bodies in the form of S-shaped spring struts with replaceable loosening legs, characterized in that the all-welded frame is made with pyramidal reinforcement and includes front and rear beams, to which transverse load-bearing beams are fastened by means of longitudinal beams for installation of working bodies, and frame brackets on which support-transport wheels with mechanisms for adjusting the depth of soil cultivation are pivotally mounted Translation cultivator in transport position, and hitch tiller is pivotally fastened to the frame reducer brackets. The cultivator contains side sections, on which support wheels are pivotally mounted by means of racks with mechanisms for adjusting the depth of tillage and lifting - lowering the side sections. The cultivator contains leveling harrows, which are detachably attached to the frame and side sections. The funnels by means of a lever mechanism are adjustable in height relative to the frame and side sections. The teeth of the harrows by means of a lever mechanism are adjustable in angle. The cultivator contains leveling rollers that are detachably attached to the frame and side sections. Leveling rollers are height-adjustable relative to the frame and side sections.

From the description of the analogue [1] it follows that to control the depth of processing, support-transport wheels on the central section and support wheels on the side sections are used. According to a utility model, the progress of the cultivator frame is controlled by a screw mechanism (coupler) between the trailer and the cultivator frame. The wheels are located between the working bodies.

The widespread cultivator [2] is known from the prior art according to the patent for utility model RU 45066, mounted on a tractor, comprising a middle beam, side beams articulated on the middle beam, middle and side frames mounted on the beams and equipped with hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the side frames, support wheels, rippers mounted on frames, suspensions with press rollers, a hydraulic system, a hitch with a support column, characterized in that the support wheels are aligned with the frames between the first m and the second rows of rippers.

Analogs [1] and [2] have inherent disadvantages associated with the placement of the support wheels between the working bodies and the rigid positioning of the frame relative to the trailer of the cultivator. When the unit is in operation, the wheels copy the topography of the soil, incl. local decreases and elevations associated with uneven plowing. The working bodies repeat the vertical movement of the frame, which leads to a decrease in the quality of tillage. In addition, when processing the soil, moist soil layers move to the soil surface, the support wheels stick, which also reduces the quality of the soil treatment.

The prior art block-cultivator cultivator Yaroslavich is known (https://pkyar.ru/production/catalog/tillage/kompleksy_blochno-modulnyx_kultivatorov_kbm / kultivator_kbm-8ps /) [3].

The known cultivator [3] contains a frame, a trailer pivotally connected to the frame, side sections pivotally connected to the frame, working bodies mounted on the supporting beams of the frame and / or side sections, wheels mounted in front of the working bodies, rollers and leveling harrows installed behind the working bodies, while the rollers and leveling harrows by means of levers are movably fixed to the frame, and the side sections are fixed on the trailer in the transport position. The transport wheels of the cultivator are fixed on the trailer, the support wheels are fixed on the frame and side sections. The support wheels are installed with the ability to adjust the depth of tillage. Frame control is carried out by rollers.

The well-known cultivator [3] has the following disadvantages: during operation of the cultivator, the transport wheels mounted on the trailer create an additional load on the central frame, which leads to uncontrolled deepening of the central frame. This leads to a decrease in the quality of tillage, in addition, additional wheels lead to higher prices for the product as a whole.

By the totality of the characteristics, the cultivator block-modular "Yaroslavich" adopted as a prototype.

The utility model "Cultivator" has a difference from the prototype [3]:

 - there are no transport wheels on the trailer;

- transport wheels mounted on the frame and are used to adjust the depth of tillage and for transportation of the inventive cultivator.

The task to which the utility model is directed is to improve the quality of tillage and reduce the cost of the product.

The technical result achieved by the utility model is to expand the arsenal of cultivators for tillage.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the fact that in the cultivator containing the frame, the trailer pivotally connected to the frame, the side sections pivotally connected to the frame, the working bodies mounted on the supporting beams of the side sections, wheels mounted in front of the working bodies, rollers and leveling harrows, mounted behind the working bodies, while the rollers by means of levers are movably fixed on the side sections, and the side sections in the transport position are fixed on the trailer, according to a useful model transport wheels tivators are mounted on the frame, while the wheels on the frame and side sections are installed with the ability to adjust the depth of tillage, and the uniformity of the depth of the working bodies is controlled by rollers.

In this case, the working bodies are evenly placed on the supporting beams of the frame and / or side sections in three or four rows.

In this case, the working bodies can be made in the form of an S-shaped spring strut with a universal paw.

In this case, the S-shaped spring struts of the working bodies are fixed on the supporting beams of the frame by means of brackets.

In this case, the working bodies can be made in the form of a C-shaped rack with a universal paw.

In this case, the C-shaped racks of the working bodies are fixed on the supporting beams of the frame by means of elastic cylindrical elements.

At the same time, the leveling harrows are detachably attached to the beams of the rollers.

In this case, the harrows by means of a lever mechanism are adjustable in height relative to the rollers.

In this case, the teeth of the harrows are adjustable in angle.

List of drawings

FIG. 1. Cultivator, general view.

FIG. 2. View A in FIG. 1- articulation of elements of 1 frame and 2 trailers;

FIG. 3. View B in FIG. 1 - articulation of the elements of the side sections 3 with the frame 1.

FIG. 4. Cultivator, side view.

FIG. 5. View B in FIG. 4-diagram of the connection of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 22 with the cheek 19 of the frame 1.

FIG. 6. Cultivator, transport position.

FIG. 7. Cultivator with frame.

FIG. 8. The scheme for adjusting the depth of tillage.

FIG. 9. Adjustment scheme for rollers.

FIG. 10. The layout of the working bodies in three rows.

FIG. 11. The layout of the working bodies in four rows.

FIG. 12. View of the working body on the S-shaped spring strut.

FIG. 13. View of the working body on a C-shaped rack.

FIG. 14. The mounting scheme of the leveling harrows.

FIG. 15. The adjustment scheme of the leveling harrows.

FIG. 16. The adjustment circuit of the teeth of the harrow.

FIG. 17. The scheme of transfer of the cultivator to the working position.

FIG. 18. The scheme of the cultivator when turning.

The list of positions in the drawings:

1. The frame.

2. The trailer.

3. Side sections.

4. The working body.

5. The transport wheel.

6. Wheel support.

7. Skating rink.

8. The leveling harrow.

9. The lever of the roller.

10. The carrier beam of the frame.

11. S-shaped spring strut.

12. Universal paw.

13. The rack bracket.

14. C-shaped rack.

15. Elastic cylindrical element.

16. The lever mechanism.

17. Harrow tooth 8.

18. Harrow bracket.

19. Cheek with an oval hole 23.

20. Trailer hitch.

21. The hydraulic cylinder of the side section 3.

22. The hydraulic cylinder for lifting and lowering the frame 1.

23. Oval hole

 Implementation of a utility model.

The inventive cultivator (figure 1) contains a frame 1, driven by hydraulic cylinders 22; a trailer 2 pivotally connected to the frame 1 (figure 2); side sections 3, pivotally connected to the frame 1 (figure 3) and driven by hydraulic cylinders 21; working bodies 4, mounted on the supporting beams 10 of the frame 1 and side sections 3; transport wheels 5, supporting 6, mounted on the frame 1 and side sections 3 in front of the working bodies 4; rollers 7 and leveling harrows 8, mounted behind the working bodies 4. In this case, the rollers 7 are movably mounted via levers 9 (Fig. 9, stroke B) on the frame 1 and side sections 3.

The lateral sections 3 in the transport position (Fig. 6) are raised and fixed on the trailer 2. The transport wheels 5 of the cultivator (Figs. 1, 4, 6, 7) are mounted on the frame 1. The transport wheels 5 on the frame 1 and the support wheels 6 on the side sections 3 are installed with the possibility of adjusting the depth of tillage by the working bodies (Fig. 8), where:

min - the minimum depth of tillage (relative to the soil level),

max - maximum depth of tillage (relative to soil level).

The uniformity of the deepening of the working bodies 4 (figure 4, condition A = B) is controlled by rollers, where

And - the depth of soil treatment by the working bodies of the first row,

B - the depth of tillage by the working bodies of the last row,

The working bodies 4 evenly, with a step L, are placed on the supporting beams 10 of the frame 1 and of the side sections 3 in three (Fig. 10) rows. The working bodies 4 can evenly, with a step L, be placed on the supporting beams 10 of the frame 1 and the side sections 3 in four (11) rows. The working bodies 4 can be made in the form of an S-shaped spring strut 11 with a universal paw 12 (Fig.12). S-shaped spring racks 11 of the working bodies are fixed (Fig. 12) to the supporting beams 10 of the frame and side sections 3 by means of brackets 13. The working bodies can be made (Fig. 13) in the form of a C-shaped rack 14 with a universal foot 12. C -shaped racks 14 of the working bodies (Fig. 13) are fixed to the supporting beams 10 by means of elastic cylindrical elements 15. The leveling harrows 8 are detachable (Fig. 14), by means of the bracket 18 are attached to the beams of the rollers 7. The leveling harrows 8 (Fig. 15) by linkage 16 are height adjustable no rollers 7 (distance D). The teeth 17 of the harrows 8 (Fig.16) are adjustable in angle углу, β, γ.

Improving the quality of tillage is achieved due to the fact that the depth of tillage is regulated by transport wheels 5 (Fig. 4), mounted on the frame 1 and support wheels 6, mounted on the side sections 3 in front of the working bodies 4; the uniformity of the depth of the working bodies is controlled (Fig. 4, condition A = B) by rollers 7 mounted behind the working bodies 4, and the frame 1 is pivotally connected to the trailer 2. The working bodies 4 in the form of an S-shaped spring strut 12 with a universal foot 14 or the form of a C-shaped rack 13 with a universal paw 14 are evenly placed on the supporting beams 10 of the frame 1 and the side sections 3 in three (figure 10) or four (figure 11) rows. S-shaped spring struts 12 with a universal paw 14 are fixed (Fig. 12) to the supporting beams 10 by the brackets of the struts 13. C-shaped struts 14 (Fig. 13) are fixed to the supporting beams 10 by means of cylindrical elastic elements 15. The leveling harrows 8, detachable (Fig.13), by means of brackets of the harrows 18 are attached to the beams of the rollers 7, while by means of the lever mechanism 16 are adjusted in height (Fig. 15, distance G) relative to the rollers 7, and the teeth 17 of the harrows 8 are adjustable in angle ά, β , γ (Fig. 16).

When the unit is operating, the vertical movements of the trailed bracket 20 (Figs. 4, 5) of the tractor are not transmitted by the trailer 2 and the cylinder 22 raising and lowering the frame to the frame 1 due to the free movement of the rod of the cylinder 22 in the oval hole 23, which is made in the cheeks of the frame 1. Excluded uneven travel of the working bodies 4 from the effects of vertical movements of the towed bracket 20 on the trailer 2. Transport wheels 5 and the supporting wheels 6 located in front of the working bodies 4 are moved along the soil not treated by the working bodies 4, is excluded on sticking of soil to the wheels 5, 6. The working bodies 4 are evenly placed on the supporting beams 10 of the frame 1 and the side sections 3 in three (Fig. 10) or four (Fig. 11) rows, which excludes local clogging of the working bodies with soil and plant mass. The working bodies 4 in the form of S-shaped spring struts 11 with a universal foot 12, mounted on the supporting beams 10 through the brackets of the struts 13 (Fig) or C-shaped struts 14 with a universal foot 12, mounted on the supporting beams 10 by means of cylindrical elastic elements 15 (Fig.13), can vibrate during operation, which leads to self-cleaning of the working bodies. The uniformity of the deepening of the working bodies is controlled by rollers 7 (Fig. 4), while the rollers level the soil microrelief after the passage of the working bodies 4. The teeth of the 17 harrows 8 (Fig. 4) mulch the soil after the passage of the aggregate and weeds are combed out. The combination of these elements improves the quality of soil cultivation.

Work.

The cultivator works as follows. When transferring the cultivator from the transport position (Fig. 6) to the working position (Fig. 1), the side sections 3, pivotally mounted on the frame 1 and located on the trailer 2, are deployed in one line using the hydraulic cylinders 21 of the side sections 3 (Fig. 17) . By transferring the hydraulic cylinder 22 for raising and lowering the cultivator frame 1 to the "lowering" position, the rear part of the frame 1 with the side sections 3 is lowered onto the soil (Fig. 4). When the unit is moving (Fig. 4), the working bodies 4 are buried in the soil, while the depth of processing of the front of the working bodies 4 is regulated by the transport wheels 5 of the frame and the supporting wheels 6 of the side sections, and the uniformity of the deepening of the working bodies is controlled by the rollers 7 of the frame 1 and side sections 3 The funnels 8, adjusted by the lever mechanism 16 in height, the teeth 17 of which are adjusted in angle, mulch the surface of the soil and comb out the weeds. Before a turn at the end of the headland, the working bodies 4 rise above the soil by raising the back of the cultivator (Fig. 18) using the hydraulic cylinder 22.

After completing the turn and positioning the unit in the pen, the rear part of the cultivator is lowered using the hydraulic cylinder 22 and the unit continues to work. The transfer of the cultivator to the transport position (Fig.6) is carried out in the reverse order to the transfer to the working position.

Industrial applicability

The cultivator metalwork is made of standard materials used in mechanical engineering. Standard products (hardware, springs, staples) are purchased at specialized manufacturing plants. Other products, including hydraulic cylinders, RVD, wheels, racks of working bodies, universal paws, teeth of a harrow, cylindrical elastic elements, are acquired at specialized manufacturing plants.

Information sources

1. Patent for utility model 93201 “CULTIVATOR” (terminated, but can be restored); publ. 01/11/2010.

2. Patent for utility model 45066 “WIDTH CULTIVATOR”. (terminated); publ. 12/10/2004.

3. CULTIVATOR KBM-8PS. Internet resource: http : // pkyar . com / production / catalog / tillage / kompleksy _ blochno - modulnyx _kultivatorov _kbm / kultivator_kbm-8ps

Claims (10)

1. A cultivator comprising a frame, a trailer pivotally connected to the frame, side sections pivotally connected to the frame, working bodies mounted on the supporting beams of the frame and side sections, wheels mounted in front of the working bodies, rollers and leveling harrows installed behind the working bodies wherein the rollers by means of levers are movably fixed on the frame and side sections, and the side sections in the transport position are fixed on the trailer, characterized in that the transport wheels of the cultivator are fixed on the frame, while the wheels on the frame and side sections are installed with the possibility of adjusting the depth of tillage, and the evenness of the depth of the working bodies is controlled by rollers. 2. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are evenly placed on the supporting beams of the frame and / or side sections in three rows. 3. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies are evenly placed on the supporting beams of the frame and side sections in four rows. 4. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies can be made in the form of an S-shaped spring strut with a universal paw. 5. The cultivator according to claim 4, characterized in that the S-shaped spring struts of the working bodies are fixed to the supporting beams by means of brackets. 6. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the working bodies can be made in the form of a C-shaped rack with a universal paw. 7. The cultivator according to claim 6, characterized in that the C-shaped racks of the working bodies are fixed on the supporting beams of the frame by means of elastic cylindrical elements. 8. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the leveling harrows are detachably attached to the beams of the rollers. 9. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the harrows by means of a lever mechanism are adjustable in height relative to the rollers. 10. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth of the harrows are adjustable in angle.

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