NO782348L - SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION. - Google Patents

SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION.

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Publication number
NO782348L
NO782348L NO782348A NO782348A NO782348L NO 782348 L NO782348 L NO 782348L NO 782348 A NO782348 A NO 782348A NO 782348 A NO782348 A NO 782348A NO 782348 L NO782348 L NO 782348L
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
units
core material
sandwich construction
construction according
core
Prior art date
Application number
NO782348A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Inventor
Eric Tornow
Per Tornow
Original Assignee
Copencraft As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Copencraft As filed Critical Copencraft As
Publication of NO782348L publication Critical patent/NO782348L/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/18—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by an internal layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/007—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to a foam layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B5/00—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material
    • B63B5/24—Hulls characterised by their construction of non-metallic material made predominantly of plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/20—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics
    • E04C2/205—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of plastics of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/243—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 one at least of the material being insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/296—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08—Reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Description

Sandwich konstruksjonSandwich construction

Oppfinnelsen vedrører en sandwichkonstruksjon, som har form som et laminat med en kjerne av skumplastmateriale innesluttet mellom et overflatelag av hardt, trykk-,trekk- og slitesterkt materiale. The invention relates to a sandwich construction, which has the form of a laminate with a core of foam plastic material enclosed between a surface layer of hard, pressure, tensile and wear-resistant material.

Sandwichkonstruksjonen anvendes på en rekke konstruksjonstekniske områder, f.eks. til fremstilling av skrog til mindre og større båter, til skotter i disse, til fremstilling av beholdere, såvel lukkede som åpne, og i bilindustrien til fremstilling av laste-plan og vognkasser, f.eks. til kjølevogner, samt i det hele tatt til alle slike formål, hvor materialets letthet, styrke,særlig den store bøyningsstyrken, og isolerende egenskaper er fordel-aktige. The sandwich construction is used in a number of construction engineering areas, e.g. for the manufacture of hulls for smaller and larger boats, for bulkheads in these, for the manufacture of containers, both closed and open, and in the car industry for the manufacture of loading planes and wagon bodies, e.g. for refrigerated vans, and in general for all such purposes, where the material's lightness, strength, especially the great bending strength, and insulating properties are advantageous.

Man kjenner sandwichkonstruksjoner, hvor kjernematerialet består av balsaendetre, dvs. at fiberretningen er i det vesentlige vinkelrett på overflatelagene. Treet er utskåret i små flate klosser, som anbringes kant i kant i konstruksjonen, Sandwich constructions are known, where the core material consists of balsa wood, i.e. the fiber direction is essentially perpendicular to the surface layers. The wood is cut into small flat blocks, which are placed edge to edge in the construction,

idet de midlertidig kan være sammenholdt av pålimde tråder eller vev. Sammensetningen av kjernen av sådanne små kloss- in that they can be temporarily held together by glued threads or tissue. The composition of the core of such small brick-

er muliggjør fremstilling av mer eller mindre buede sandwichkonstruks joner . is enabling the production of more or less curved sandwich constructions.

Balsatre er imidlertid forholdsvis kostbart,.og tilgangenHowever, balsa wood is relatively expensive, and the access

på det er begrenset, så det er behov for et billigere og mer tilgjengelig kjernemateriale. Som sådant har det vært an- on it is limited, so there is a need for a cheaper and more accessible core material. As such, there has been an-

vendt forskjellige typer skumplast, hvor man etter oppskumming av plasten i store blokker og etterfølgende herding skjærer blokkene i skiver og eventuelt ytteligere oppdeler disse skiver i små klosser. turned different types of foam plastic, where, after foaming the plastic into large blocks and subsequent hardening, the blocks are cut into slices and, if necessary, these slices are further divided into small blocks.

1og fremst gjelder dette trykkstyrken, idet denne kan variere 'opp til 50 % over overflaten av en skive skåret av en større blokk. Videre vil overflaten ha tallrike fordypninger fra gjenn-omskårne celler, hvilket dels medfører en reduksjon av trykkstyrken, til dels bevirker ekstra forbruk-av bindemiddel ved materialets innbygning i sandwichkonstruksjonen, idet alle disse fordypninger må fylles med bindemiddel for å få en forsvarlig binding til overflatelagene. This mainly applies to the compressive strength, as this can vary by up to 50% over the surface of a disc cut from a larger block. Furthermore, the surface will have numerous indentations from cut-through cells, which partly results in a reduction of the compressive strength, in part causes extra consumption of binder when the material is incorporated into the sandwich construction, as all these indentations must be filled with binder to obtain a proper bond to the surface layers .

Oppfinnelsens formål er å avhjelpe de nevnte ulemper ved av-vendelse av skumplast som kjernemateriale, og dette oppnås ved den i krav 1. angitte utforming av kjernematerialet. The purpose of the invention is to remedy the aforementioned disadvantages of using foam plastic as core material, and this is achieved by the design of the core material specified in claim 1.

Det er ytterst overaskende , at ingen tidligere har foreslått anvendelse av et sådant kjernemateriale, i regelen kalt integral-skum, idet dette på mange måter er fordelaktig fremfor de hit-til anvendte, ved oppskjæring av fremstilte klosser. It is extremely surprising that no one has previously proposed the use of such a core material, usually called integral foam, as this is in many ways advantageous over those used until now, when cutting up manufactured bricks.

Integralskummet har således et oppskummet indre omgitt av et hardt og tett overflatelag, og idet de små klosser, som inngår i kjernematerialet støpes og oppskummes samtidig i et stort-antall, men i hver sin form, kan man få klosser med et tett og hardt overflatelag på alle sider, dvs. at klossene hver for seg utgjør en type kåssekonstruksjon med en. god hjørne- og sidestivhet. Foruten å bidra til, at sandwichkonstruksjonen som helhet får The integral foam thus has a foamed interior surrounded by a hard and dense surface layer, and as the small bricks, which are part of the core material, are molded and foamed at the same time in large numbers, but in their own form, bricks with a dense and hard surface layer can be obtained on all sides, i.e. that the blocks individually form a type of box construction with a good corner and lateral stiffness. In addition to contributing to the fact that the sandwich construction as a whole gets

større styrke, medfører de tette og harde overflater, at lokale trykkpåvirkninger fordeles bedre over overflaten og inn i kloss-en,slik at konstruksjonen ikke så lett beskadiges. Vidre med-fører de tette overflater et minimalt bindemiddelforbruk ved oppbygningen av sandwichkonstruks jonen. Endelig" motvirker eller forhindrer de tette overflater fuktansamling i klossene, og selv om enkelte klossers overflate skulle bli beskadiget, så fuktighet kan trekke inn, kan denne, ikke bre seg til de ubeskadigete nabo-klosser. greater strength, the dense and hard surfaces mean that local pressure influences are better distributed over the surface and into the brick, so that the construction is not so easily damaged. Furthermore, the tight surfaces result in a minimal consumption of binder when building up the sandwich construction. Finally, the dense surfaces counteract or prevent moisture accumulation in the bricks, and even if the surface of some bricks were to be damaged, so that moisture could draw in, this could not spread to the undamaged neighboring bricks.

For å forenkle og lette-. fremstillingen har kjernematerialenhetene ifølge en hensiktsmessig utførelsesform for oppfinnelsens gjenstand form som séks-sidede parallelepipeder. De kan f.eks. To simplify and ease-. the production has the core material units according to an appropriate embodiment for the object of the invention in the form of six-sided parallelepipeds. They can e.g.

. ha dimensjonene 30 x 30 x 10 mm, hvor sidene er vinkelrette på hverandre. i . have the dimensions 30 x 30 x 10 mm, where the sides are perpendicular to each other. in

'Ifølge en annen utførelses form kan to motstående sider ifølge oppfinnelsen ha form som parallellogrammer, hvorved det oppnås at den enkelte kloss fungerer som en slags skråstiver i sans-wichkonstruksjonen. According to another embodiment, two opposite sides according to the invention can have the shape of parallelograms, whereby it is achieved that the individual block functions as a kind of inclined strut in the sans-wich construction.

Det kan ytteligere være hensiktsmessig, at kjernematerialenhetene ifølge oppfinnelsen er armerte. Dette forøker i vesentlig grad styrken og stivheten, hvilket særlig har betydning ved sandwichkonstruksjoner, hvor tykkelsen er 30 mm eller mer. Sandwichkonstruksjonens robusthet og styrke er nemlig ikke It may also be appropriate that the core material units according to the invention are reinforced. This significantly increases the strength and stiffness, which is particularly important in sandwich constructions, where the thickness is 30 mm or more. The robustness and strength of the sandwich construction is not

bare et spørrsmål om, at den kan motstå påvirkninger vinkel-, rett på overflaten, men også om, den kan mottstå påvirkninger parallelt med overflaten, dvs. at kjernematerialet er motstands-dyktig mot slike påvirkninger. just a question of whether it can withstand impacts at an angle, right on the surface, but also whether it can withstand impacts parallel to the surface, i.e. that the core material is resistant to such impacts.

Armeringen kan eksemplvis utgjøres av fibre, særlig glassfibere som inkorporeres i plasten før oppskummingen; men også andre former for armering, såsom papir, vevet stoff eller plastfolie i ark eller strimmelform, kan innebygges ved at den anbringes i formene, i hvilke oppskummingen av plastmaterialet finner sted. Armeringen kan også fortsette over skilleveggene mellom formene og derved tjene til å sammenlåse et antall av enhetene til større flater. The reinforcement can, for example, consist of fibres, particularly glass fibers which are incorporated into the plastic before foaming; but also other forms of reinforcement, such as paper, woven fabric or plastic foil in sheet or strip form, can be incorporated by placing it in the molds in which the foaming of the plastic material takes place. The reinforcement can also continue over the partitions between the molds and thereby serve to interlock a number of the units into larger surfaces.

Særlig med henblikk på fremstillingen av større sandwichkonstruksjoner vil det ofte være hensiktsmessig, at kjernematerialenhetene er således sammenlåst eller samlet til et platelignehde produkt på annen måte, f.eks. ved å være fastgjort til en plastfolie, et bærevev eller bæretråder. En slik fa§tgjørelse kan lett gjennomføres i forbindelse med enhetenes fremstilling, og det erholdte produkt er letthåndterlig og kan rulles sammen og transporteres til anvendelsesstedet, hvor man også kan inne-bygge det i så store plater eller flak, som det er praktisk å gjøre.av gangen.Sandwichkonstruksjonene oppbygges nemlig oftest på stedet, idet man først oppbygger det ene overflatelag av plastmaterialet forsterket med fibre eller vev, deretter kleber kjernematerialelaget fast hertil i passende store stykker av gangen og til sist oppbygger det annet overflatelag. Especially with a view to the production of larger sandwich structures, it will often be appropriate that the core material units are thus interlocked or assembled into a plate-like product in another way, e.g. by being attached to a plastic film, a carrier fabric or carrier threads. Such fixing can easily be carried out in connection with the manufacture of the units, and the resulting product is easy to handle and can be rolled up and transported to the place of use, where it can also be incorporated into as large plates or flakes as is practical to do .at a time. The sandwich constructions are most often built up on site, as one first builds up one surface layer of the plastic material reinforced with fibers or tissue, then sticks the core material layer to this in suitably large pieces at a time and finally builds up the second surface layer.

Det er av aller største betydning for sandwichkonstruksjonens- j styrke, at det ikke ved fastklebingen av kjernematerialenhetene, enten dette skjer ved anvendelse av et separat klebemiddel eller simpelten ved nedtrykking av enhetene i et overflatelag, før dette ennå er herdet eller avbundet, ikke innesluttes luft mellom enheter og overflatelag. Ved anvendelse av balsaklosser som kjernemateriale er dette ikke så stort problem, idet balsatreet i noen grad er porøst, hvilket sammen med hårrørsvirkning i for-hold til klebemiddelet bevirker at luften forsvinner, og klebemiddelet trenger inn, slik at klossene nesten suger seg fast. It is of the utmost importance for the strength of the sandwich construction that air is not trapped during the gluing of the core material units, whether this occurs by using a separate adhesive or simply by pressing down the units in a surface layer, before this has yet hardened or debonded between units and surface layers. When using balsa blocks as core material, this is not such a big problem, as the balsa wood is to some extent porous, which, together with the hair tube effect in relation to the adhesive, causes the air to disappear, and the adhesive to penetrate, so that the blocks almost become stuck.

Ved kjernematerialenheter som her er omhandlet er det ikke de samme muligheter, og når det derfor dreier seg om å oppnå størst mulig styrke, må det særlige foranstaltninger til for å unngå den omtalte inneslutning av luft. Ved en utførelses form for oppfinnelsenes gjenstand oppnås dette ifølge oppfinnelsen. ved, at det er utformet utluftningshuller tvers gjennom laget av kjernematerialenheter. In the case of core material units discussed here, there are not the same possibilities, and when it is therefore a matter of achieving the greatest possible strength, special measures are needed to avoid the aforementioned entrapment of air. In one embodiment of the subject matter of the invention, this is achieved according to the invention. in that ventilation holes are designed across the layer of core material units.

Man kan således ifølge oppfinnelsen utforme enhetene med et sentralt gjennomgående hull på tvers av enhetenes største be-grensningsflater. According to the invention, the units can thus be designed with a central through hole across the units' largest limiting surfaces.

Produksjonsteknisk kan sådanne huller på kjent måte frembringe ved anvendelse av uttrekkelige kjernestifter; men det gjør støpeapparatet temmlig komplisert. Dette kan unngås, ved at man i stedet utformet hullene ved kjernemateriale-enhetenes hjørner, idet enhetene ifølge oppfinnelsen er utført med avfasede hjørner. Derved vil det dannes et gjennomgående hull, hvor hjørnene av fire i firkant liggende enheter støter sammen, enten kun et hjørne eller alle fire hjørner av 'enhetene er avfasede. Om det gjennomgående, hull har sylindrisk eller kantet overflate, er uten betydning for kunksjonen som unnslipningsvei for bak enhetene innsperret luft. From a production point of view, such holes can be produced in a known manner by the use of extractable core pins; but that makes the casting apparatus rather complicated. This can be avoided by instead designing the holes at the corners of the core material units, as the units according to the invention are made with chamfered corners. Thereby, a through hole will be formed, where the corners of four units lying in a square collide, either only one corner or all four corners of the units are chamfered. Whether the through hole has a cylindrical or angular surface is irrelevant to the function as an escape route for air trapped behind the units.

Utformningen av sådanne gjennomgående huller gjør det også mulig å fastgjøre enhetene ved injeksjonsstøpning, idet man simpelten injeserer klebemiddel under trvkk gjennom noen av hullene. Det injeserte klebemiddel presser da eventuelt innesluttet luft foran seg til andre huller eller spalter mellom enhetene, ut gjennom hvilke luften kan unnslippe. Også klebe- jmiddelet vil kunne trenge ut de samme steder, så man får en kon-, troll på klebningens utbredelse og kan avpasse injeksjonssteden-es antall og fordeling heretter. The design of such through holes also makes it possible to attach the units by injection molding, simply by injecting adhesive under pressure through some of the holes. The injected adhesive then pushes any trapped air in front of it to other holes or gaps between the units, out through which the air can escape. The adhesive will also be able to penetrate the same places, so you get a control over the spread of the adhesion and can adjust the number and distribution of the injection sites hereafter.

For å lette klebemiddelets utbredelse på tvers kan enhetene To facilitate the spread of the adhesive across the units can

ytteliger.e ifølge oppfinnelsen ha renneformede fordypninger enten i den ene eller i begge overflater med den største utstrek-ning. Man kan også ved å legge to sådanne enheter sammen oppnå en tykkere kjerne med huller på langs og tvers gjennom kjerne-delen, slik at alle hulrom lettere utfylles til oppnåelse av stor styrke i konstruksjonen. Eventuelt kan utfyllingen under-støttes ved etablering av et våkum.■ ytelliger.e according to the invention have channel-shaped recesses either in one or in both surfaces with the greatest extent. By putting two such units together, you can also achieve a thicker core with holes lengthwise and transversely through the core part, so that all cavities are more easily filled to achieve great strength in the construction. If necessary, the filling can be sub-supported by establishing a vacuum.■

Hvis sandwichkonstruksjonen skal være buet, som f.eks. i deler av et båtskrog, kan de enkelte kjernematerialenheters smale sideflater ifølge oppfinnelsen være utformet som henholdsvis konvekse og konkave sylinderflater med samme krumningsradius. Derved oppnås det resultat at enhetene kan utlegges langs en buet flate, uten at det oppstår kileformede spalter mellom naboenhetené, idet en konveks sideflate passer inn og dreier i en konkav sideflate. Kjernekonstruksjonen kan således bli mer kompakt, og klebemiddelforbruket mindre, fordi spaltene ikke ut-vides ved krumningen. If the sandwich construction is to be curved, such as in parts of a boat hull, the narrow side surfaces of the individual core material units according to the invention can be designed respectively as convex and concave cylinder surfaces with the same radius of curvature. Thereby the result is achieved that the units can be laid out along a curved surface, without wedge-shaped gaps occurring between neighboring units, as a convex side surface fits into and rotates in a concave side surface. The core construction can thus become more compact, and the adhesive consumption less, because the slots are not expanded by the curvature.

Hver enhet-kan være utformet med to konvekse og to konkave sideflater, eller annen hver enhet kan ha utelukkende konvekse sideflater og annen hver utelukkende konkave. Each unit may be designed with two convex and two concave side surfaces, or each unit may have exclusively convex side surfaces and each other exclusively concave.

En utførelsesform for en sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge oppfinnelsen illustreres av medfølgende tegning, hvor An embodiment of a sandwich construction according to the invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing, where

fig. 1 viser konstruksjonen i tverrsnitt,fig. 1 shows the construction in cross-section,

fig. 2 noen i konstruksjonen inngående kjernematerialenheter fastgjort til et grovmasket vev, fig. 2 some structural core material units attached to a coarse mesh fabric,

fig. 3 en kjernematerialenhet med to skrå•sideflater, fig. 4 en kjernematerialenhet med to konvekse og to fig. 3 a core material unit with two slanted side surfaces, fig. 4 a core material unit with two convex and two

konkave sideflater,concave side surfaces,

fig. 5 en spesiel utformning av en kjernematerialenhet, og fig. 5 a special design of a core material unit, and

fig. 6 en buet. sandwichkonstruks jon. fig. 6 a curved. sandwich construction ion.

Som det fremgår av tegningen, består sandwichkonstruksjonen av j et kjernemateriale sammensatt av små, parallellepipediske enheter 5 og 6 av et oppskummet plastmateriale, f.eks. polyure-than av den såkalte integral-skinn type hvor.den oppskummede plast har en fastheftende, hard og tett overflate på alle sider. Fremstillingen av et plastskum av denne art hører til kjent tek-nikk og skal derfor ikke beskrives her. As can be seen from the drawing, the sandwich construction of j consists of a core material composed of small, parallelepipedal units 5 and 6 of a foamed plastic material, e.g. polyurethane of the so-called integral skin type where the foamed plastic has an adhesive, hard and dense surface on all sides. The production of a plastic foam of this kind belongs to known technology and is therefore not to be described here.

Kjernematerialeenhetene støter sammen kant i kant i en platelignende struktur og har på begge sider et overflatelag 7 og 8, som kan være likt eller forskjellig på de to sider. The core material units butt together edge to edge in a plate-like structure and have on both sides a surface layer 7 and 8, which can be the same or different on the two sides.

Overflatelagene kan være prefabrikerte plater av et hvilket som helst egnet materiale, f.eks. metal, plast eller kryssfiner,. som ved hjelp av et egnet bindemiddellag 9 er klebet til kjerne-materialeirhetene. The surface layers can be prefabricated panels of any suitable material, e.g. metal, plastic or plywood. which is glued to the core material units by means of a suitable binder layer 9.

Overflatelagene kan også være frembrakt ved direkte sprøytning av selvherdende plastmateriale, som om ønsket kan være armert med fibre 10, f.eks. glassullfibre, mot en formflate,,og kjernematerialeenhetene kan nedlegges i materialet, innen dette er av-herdet. Kjernematerialeenhetene kan også være armerte, f.eks. fiberarmerte, som antydet i enheten 6. The surface layers can also be produced by direct spraying of self-hardening plastic material, which, if desired, can be reinforced with fibers 10, e.g. glass wool fibres, against a mold surface, and the core material units can be laid down in the material before it has hardened. The core material units can also be reinforced, e.g. fibre-reinforced, as suggested in unit 6.

Sandwichkonstruks jonens oppbyggning lettes i høy grad ved atThe structure of the sandwich construction is greatly facilitated by the fact that

de små kjernematerialenheter 5 (eller 6) er fastgjort til et bæremateriale, f.eks. som vist i fig. 2 et grovmasket, vevet materiale 11. Derved kan et stort antall kjernematerialeenheter bringes på plass på en gang,også transport og oppbevaring av enhetene lettes, idet vevet med de dertil fastgjorte enheter lett kan rulles eller foldes sammen. the small core material units 5 (or 6) are attached to a carrier material, e.g. as shown in fig. 2 a coarse-mesh, woven material 11. Thereby, a large number of core material units can be brought into place at once, also the transport and storage of the units is facilitated, as the fabric with the units attached to it can easily be rolled or folded.

Fastgjørelsen kan f.eks. skje ved klebing av enhetene til vevet, og ved passende valg av klebemiddelet kan forbindelsen til vevet gjøres midlertidig, dvs., at vevet er bestemt til avrivning, etter at kjernematerialeenhetene er permanent fastgjort til det éne av overflatelagene 7 og 8 i sandwichkonstruksjonene, eller The determination can e.g. occur by gluing the units to the tissue, and by appropriate selection of the adhesive, the connection to the tissue can be made temporary, i.e., the tissue is destined for tear-off, after the core material units have been permanently attached to one of the surface layers 7 and 8 of the sandwich constructions, or

vevet kan inngå som et armeringselement i denne.the tissue can be included as a reinforcing element in this.

Som vist i fig. 3 kan enhetene også utformes somparallelle- As shown in fig. 3, the units can also be designed as parallel-

Jpipeder, som på det ene ledd ikke er rettvinklet. Derved kan i oppnås en art skråstivereffekt i sandwichkonstruksjonen, og at fugene mellom de enkelte enheter ikke åpner seg så meget i krumme sandwichkonstruksjoner, idet det i stedet skjer en for-skyvning mellom naboenheter. Jpiped, which on one joint is not right-angled. Thereby, a kind of slanted stiffener effect can be achieved in the sandwich construction, and that the joints between the individual units do not open up so much in curved sandwich constructions, as a shift between neighboring units takes place instead.

Som vist i fig. 4 kan en enhet også være utformet, så den ene av to motstående sideflater danner en konkav sylinderflate 12 og den andre én tilsvarende konveks sylinderflate 13, hvorved enhetene kan ligge tett mot.hverandre også i buede konstruksjoner. Det er styrkemessig fordelaktig, idet sandwichkonstruksjonen derved blir mere kompakt, og samtidig spares det klebemiddel, da spaltene mellom enhetene ikke åpner seg ved opplegning etter en buet flate. As shown in fig. 4, a unit can also be designed so that one of two opposite side surfaces forms a concave cylinder surface 12 and the other a corresponding convex cylinder surface 13, whereby the units can lie close to each other also in curved constructions. It is advantageous in terms of strength, as the sandwich construction thereby becomes more compact, and at the same time adhesive is saved, as the gaps between the units do not open up when laying on a curved surface.

En annen utformning av én enhet er vist i fig. 5. Her er hjørn-ene 14 på enheten 5 avfaset sylindrisk, således at, når fire enheter legges sammen i firkant, dannes det et gjennomgående hull. Another design of one unit is shown in fig. 5. Here, the corners 14 of the unit 5 are chamfered cylindrically, so that, when four units are put together in a square, a through hole is formed.

Fig. 5 illustrerer likeledes, at det også kan være et sentralt hull 15 tvers gjennom enheten -5, og renneformede fordypninger 16 fra hullet 15 ut til kantene. Fig. 5 likewise illustrates that there can also be a central hole 15 across the unit -5, and channel-shaped recesses 16 from the hole 15 out to the edges.

Sådanne enheter muliggjør, at fastklebingen av enhetene kan skje Such devices enable the gluing of the devices to take place

.ved injeksjon av klebemiddelet, f.eks. et klebemiddel i form.by injecting the adhesive, e.g. an adhesive in form

av eller basert på en polyester eller en epoksyforbindelse. Klebemiddelet injeseres da gjennom noen av de tverrgående hull og driver luften på klebestédene foran seg frem til og ut gjennom andre hull, så det sikrer intim forbindelse mellom kjernematerialeenheter og overflatelag i sandwichkonstruksjonen, hvorved det oppnås optimal styrke av denne. Det kan også etableres et våkum, som fremmer fjerning av luftlommer bak kjernematerialeenhetene under klebemiddelinjeseringen. of or based on a polyester or an epoxy compound. The adhesive is then injected through some of the transverse holes and drives the air on the adhesive points in front of it to and out through other holes, so it ensures an intimate connection between core material units and surface layers in the sandwich construction, whereby optimal strength is achieved. A vacuum can also be established, which promotes the removal of air pockets behind the core material units during the adhesive injection.

De tverrgående renneformede fordypninger 16 kan tjene til å lette klebemiddelfordelingen, og til å understøtte sammen-klebningen, ved at flere kjernematerialeenheter plasseres- opp på hverandre. The transverse trough-shaped depressions 16 can serve to facilitate the distribution of the adhesive, and to support the bonding, by placing several core material units on top of each other.

jNår således to enheter legges med flatene med de renneformede fordypninger 16 mot hverandre, fås en tykkere enhet med for-delingskanaler, som er parallelle med sandwichkonstruksjonens lengdeutstrekning og kan tjene til injesering av klebemiddel. Thus, when two units are laid with the surfaces with the trough-shaped depressions 16 facing each other, a thicker unit is obtained with distribution channels, which are parallel to the longitudinal extent of the sandwich construction and can be used for injecting adhesive.

Fig. 6 illustrerer oppbygningen av en buet sandwichkonstruksjon ved hjelp av kjernematerialeenheter 5 (eller 6). Det er her anvendt enheter i form av rektangulære parallellepipeder med sentralt utluftnings- eller injeseringshull 15, idet den buede utlegning skaper større luftmellomrom under og mellom enhetene, slik at det er betydningsfult, at det. er mulighet for utluftning, eventuelt understøttet med sugning (evakuering). Fig. 6 illustrates the construction of a curved sandwich construction using core material units 5 (or 6). Units in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds with a central venting or injection hole 15 are used here, as the curved layout creates larger air spaces under and between the units, so that it is significant that it. is possible for venting, possibly supported by suction (evacuation).

Claims (8)

1. Sandwichkonstruksjon av den art, som har form som et laminat med en kjerne av' skumplatmateriale innesluttet mellom overflatelaget . av hardt slitesterkt materiale, karakterisert ved . at kjernematerialet består av små enheter av en skumplast omsluttet av en fuktighets — tett hud av plastmateriale, idet to motstående sider av den enkelte enhet danner planparalle-lle flater, og enhetene for øvrig er utformet, så de er plassert kant i kant og danner i det vesentlige ubrudt flate, og at det i den enkelte enhet om ønsket er inkorporert en styrkegivende fiberarmering.1. Sandwich construction of the kind which takes the form of a laminate with a core of foam board material enclosed between the surface layer. of hard wear-resistant material, characterized by . that the core material consists of small units of a foam plastic surrounded by a moisture-tight skin of plastic material, as two opposite sides of the individual unit form plane-parallel surfaces, and the units are otherwise designed so that they are placed edge to edge and form in the essentially unbroken surface, and that a strength-giving fiber reinforcement is incorporated in the individual unit if desired. 2. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at kjernematerialenhetene er sekssidede parallellepipeder .2. Sandwich construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the core material units are six-sided parallelepipeds. 3. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at to motstående sider av kjernematerialenhetene har form som parallellogrammer, mens de øvrige sider er rektangulære. I.3. Sandwich construction according to claim 1, characterized in that two opposite sides of the core material units have the shape of parallelograms, while the other sides are rectangular. IN. 4. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge kravene 1-3, j karakterisert ved at materialenhetene er armerte.4. Sandwich construction according to claims 1-3, j characterized in that the material units are reinforced. 5. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge kravene-1 - 4, karakterisert ved at kjernematerialenhetene er samlet til et platelignende produkt ved å være fastgjort til en plastfolie, papir i form av ark eller strimler, et bærevev eller bæretråder.5. Sandwich construction according to claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the core material units are assembled into a plate-like product by being attached to a plastic foil, paper in the form of sheets or strips, a carrier tissue or carrier wires. 6. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge krav 1, 4 eller 5, karakterisert ved at kjernematerialeenhetene er utført med konvekse eller konkave sideflater eller hver enhet med to konvekse og to konkave sideflater.6. Sandwich construction according to claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that the core material units are made with convex or concave side surfaces or each unit with two convex and two concave side surfaces. 7. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge kravene 1-6, karakterisert vedat kjernematerialenhetene har avfasede hjørner til dannelse av utluftningshuller gjennom kjerne-materiallaget, eller hver et- sentralt plasert lufthull eller begge deler.7. Sandwich construction according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the core material units have chamfered corners to form venting holes through the core material layer, or each centrally placed air hole or both. 8. Sandwichkonstruksjon ifølge krav 7, karakterisert ved at det i den ene eller begge de flater av en kjernematerialeenhet, som skal ' forbindes med overflatelag eller andre lag i sandwichkonstruksjonen, er utformet renneformede fordypninger.8. Sandwich construction according to claim 7, characterized in that in one or both of the surfaces of a core material unit, which is to be connected to surface layers or other layers in the sandwich construction, trough-shaped recesses are formed.
NO782348A 1977-07-06 1978-07-05 SANDWICH CONSTRUCTION. NO782348L (en)

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DK304077AA DK142403B (en) 1977-07-06 1977-07-06 Sandwich laminate with a core of blocks of foamed plastic.

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DK304077A (en) 1979-01-07
FR2396647B1 (en) 1983-05-20
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NL7807253A (en) 1979-01-09
CH625465A5 (en) 1981-09-30
AU3782778A (en) 1980-01-10
NZ187770A (en) 1981-11-19
GB2000725B (en) 1982-02-17
DK142403C (en) 1981-03-30
JPS5433577A (en) 1979-03-12
FR2396647A1 (en) 1979-02-02
CA1121258A (en) 1982-04-06
FI782158A (en) 1979-01-07
ES244599Y (en) 1981-05-16
DK142403B (en) 1980-10-27
ES244599U (en) 1980-11-16
SE7807569L (en) 1979-01-07
IT1097504B (en) 1985-08-31

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