NO176147B - Process for preparing an additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in lubricating oil - Google Patents
Process for preparing an additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in lubricating oil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO176147B NO176147B NO883349A NO883349A NO176147B NO 176147 B NO176147 B NO 176147B NO 883349 A NO883349 A NO 883349A NO 883349 A NO883349 A NO 883349A NO 176147 B NO176147 B NO 176147B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- concentrate
- lubricating oil
- alkaline earth
- acid
- earth metal
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 alkylene glycol alkyl ether Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 65
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 71
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 37
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 13
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical group COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCO ZVHAANQOQZVVFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N (9E)-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methylheptan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCO BWDBEAQIHAEVLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-dodecenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FKLSONDBCYHMOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000252203 Clupea harengus Species 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001125046 Sardina pilchardus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940087373 calcium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- XZJZNZATFHOMSJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N cis-3-dodecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CC(O)=O XZJZNZATFHOMSJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCQHIEGYGGJLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCC HCQHIEGYGGJLJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005218 dimethyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N gadoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019514 herring Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004232 linoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004028 organic sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019512 sardine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur dioxide Inorganic materials O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical class S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
- C10M159/12—Reaction products
- C10M159/20—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products
- C10M159/22—Reaction mixtures having an excess of neutralising base, e.g. so-called overbasic or highly basic products containing phenol radicals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et additivkonsentrat egnet for inkorporering i smøreolje. Det fremstilte additivkonsentratet har et høyt totalt basetall (TBN) og en akseptabel viskositet, og fremstilles fra forsvovlede jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenater som har lavere TBN-verdier. The present invention relates to a method for producing an additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in lubricating oil. The produced additive concentrate has a high total base number (TBN) and an acceptable viscosity, and is produced from sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenates which have lower TBN values.
I forbrenningsmotoren blåser biprodukter fra forbrennings-kammere ofte forbi stempelet og blandes med smøreoljen. Mange av disse biproduktene danner sure materialer i smøre-oljen. Dette er spesielt markert i dieselmotorer som drives med lavkvalitet-drivstoffer med høyt svovelinnhold, hvorved korroderende syrer dannes ved forbrenning. Syrene som derved inkorporeres i smøreoljen, kan innbefatte svovelsyrer dannet ved oksydasjon av svovel, hydrohalogensyrer avledet fra halogen-bly-rensemidler i drivstoffet og nitrogensyrer dannet ved oksydasjonen av atmosfærisk nitrogen i forbrenning-skammere. Slike syrer forårsaker avsetning av slam og korrosjon av lagrene og motordeler, hvilket deler til hurtig slitasje og tidlig motorhavari. In the internal combustion engine, by-products from combustion chambers often blow past the piston and mix with the lubricating oil. Many of these by-products form acidic materials in the lubricating oil. This is particularly marked in diesel engines that run on low-quality fuels with a high sulfur content, whereby corrosive acids are formed during combustion. The acids which are thereby incorporated into the lubricating oil may include sulfuric acids formed by the oxidation of sulphur, hydrohalic acids derived from halogen-lead cleaning agents in the fuel and nitric acids formed by the oxidation of atmospheric nitrogen in combustion chambers. Such acids cause sludge deposition and corrosion of the bearings and engine parts, leading to rapid wear and early engine failure.
En klasse forbindelser som generelt benyttes for å nøytrali-sere de sure materialene og dispergere slam i smøreoljen, er forsvovlede metallalkylfenater, hvor metallet er etjord-alkalimetall slik som kalsium, magnesium eller barium. Både "normale" og "overbasete" forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater har blitt benyttet. Betegnelsen "overbaset" anvendes for å beskrive de forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenatene hvori forholdet for antall ekvivalenter av jordalkali-metalldelen til antallet av ekvivalenter av fenoldelen er større enn 1, og er vanligvis større enn 1,2 og kan være så høyt som 4,5 eller over dette. I motsetning er ekvivalent-forholdet for alkalimetalldel til fenoldel i "normale" jordalkalimetallalkylfenater 1. Det "overbasete" materialet inneholder således mer enn 20$ ioverskudd av jordalkalimetallet som er til stede i det tilsvarende "normale" materialet. Av denne grunn har "overbasete" forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater en større evne til å nøytrali-sere surt materiale enn tilfellet er for de tilsvarende "normale" jordalkalimetallalkylfenatene. A class of compounds which are generally used to neutralize the acidic materials and disperse sludge in the lubricating oil are sulphurised metal alkylphenates, where the metal is an alkaline earth metal such as calcium, magnesium or barium. Both "normal" and "overbased" sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates have been used. The term "overbased" is used to describe the sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates in which the ratio of the number of equivalents of the alkaline earth metal moiety to the number of equivalents of the phenolic moiety is greater than 1, and is usually greater than 1.2 and may be as high as 4.5 or above this. In contrast, the equivalent ratio of alkali metal part to phenol part in "normal" alkaline earth metal alkylphenates is 1. The "overbased" material thus contains more than 20$ in excess of the alkaline earth metal present in the corresponding "normal" material. For this reason, "overbased" sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates have a greater ability to neutralize acidic material than is the case for the corresponding "normal" alkaline earth metal alkylphenates.
Den tidligere teknikk omfatter mange metoder for fremstilling av både "normale" og "overbasete" forsvovlede metallalkylfenater. En slik metode for fremstilling av "overbasete" forsvovlede alkylfenater generelt referert til som "enkelt-kalktilsetnings"-prosessen omfatter omsetning av en alkylfenol, i nærvær av smøreolje, svovel, en hydroksylisk forbindelse og overskudd jordalkalimetallhydroksyd (over det støkiometriske mengdeforhold som skal til for å nøytralisere alkylfenolen), for dannelse av et mellomprodukt, fulgt av karbonering, en "heading"-destillasjon (for å fjerne uomsatt hydroksylisk forbindelse) og filtrering. Dannelsen av mellomprodukt ledsages av en markert økning i viskositet mens den etterfølgende karbonering reduserer viskositeten til et relativt lavt nivå. Økningen i viskositet som ledsager dannelsen av mellomproduktet, er uønsket fordi reaksjonsblandingen blir vanskelig å omrøre til skade for etter-følgende reaksjoner. Mens denne økning i viskositet kan reguleres til et akseptabelt nivå ved inkorporering av mindre jordalkalimetallhydroksyd i reaksjonen, er det overbasete alkylfenatprodukt nødvendigvis i besittelse av en redusert nøytraliseringskapasitet. For å oppnå et produkt med høy nøytraliseringskapasitet og samtidig regulere viskositeten til mellomproduktet innen akseptable grenser, så kan jord-alkalimetallhydroksydet tilsettes i to (generelt henvist til som "dobbelt-kalktilsetnings"-prosessen) eller tre separate reaksjonstrinn, med etterfølgende karbonberingstrinn. Denne metoden innebærer imidlertid relativt lange satstider. Et annet alternativ er å benytte viskositetsnedsettende midler, slik som tridekanol, 2-etylheksanol, eller hydroksylisk oppløsningsmiddel i lignende kokeområde, i fremstillingen av mellomproduktet, men et slikt hjelpemniddel øker prisen på råmateriale i prosessen. Det høyeste totale basetall (TBN) som målt i KOH/g, i overensstemmelse med en akseptabel viskositet, som generelt kan oppnås ved tidligere kjente prosesser, er ca. 300, skjønt tidligere kjente TBN-verdier er i området 200-300. Det ville være et klart ønskelig formål å fremstille forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenat-sammensetninger som har en høy TBN-verdi, dvs. en TBN-verdi større enn 300, og fortrinnsvis større enn 350. Det vil også være et ønskelig mål å fremstille slike materialer fra forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater med en lavere TBN-verdi. Hittil har det ikke blitt funnet mulig å oppnå produkter med slik høy TBN-verdi, fordi bruken av større konsentrasjoner av jordalkalimetallbase leder til sterkt viskøse produkter som, istedenfor å bli "fortynnet" av etter-følgende karboneringsforsøk ved bruk av overskudd karbondioksyd, gjøres uoppløselige. Man har innfridd disse mål og derved oppnådd sammensetninger som har en TBN-verdi på over 300 og i noen tilfeller over 350 under samtidig bibeholdelse av en akseptabel viskositet, dvs. en viskositet mindre enn 1000 cSt, og unngåelse av uoppløselighet ved inkorporering i en reaksjonsblanding inneholdende et forsvovlet jordalkali-metallalkylfenat av minst en karboksylsyre eller syrederivat derav som har minst 10 karbonatomer i molekylet. The prior art includes many methods for preparing both "normal" and "overbased" sulfurized metal alkylphenates. One such method of making "overbased" desulphurized alkylphenates generally referred to as the "single-lime addition" process involves the reaction of an alkylphenol, in the presence of lubricating oil, sulfur, a hydroxyl compound and excess alkaline earth metal hydroxide (above the stoichiometric ratio required for to neutralize the alkylphenol), to form an intermediate, followed by carbonation, a "heading" distillation (to remove unreacted hydroxyl compound) and filtration. The formation of the intermediate is accompanied by a marked increase in viscosity while the subsequent carbonation reduces the viscosity to a relatively low level. The increase in viscosity accompanying the formation of the intermediate is undesirable because the reaction mixture becomes difficult to stir to the detriment of subsequent reactions. While this increase in viscosity can be controlled to an acceptable level by incorporating less alkaline earth metal hydroxide into the reaction, the overbased alkyl phenate product necessarily possesses a reduced neutralizing capacity. In order to obtain a product with a high neutralization capacity and at the same time control the viscosity of the intermediate product within acceptable limits, the alkaline earth metal hydroxide can be added in two (generally referred to as the "double lime addition" process) or three separate reaction steps, with subsequent carbonation steps. However, this method involves relatively long batch times. Another alternative is to use viscosity-reducing agents, such as tridecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, or hydroxylic solvent in a similar boiling range, in the production of the intermediate product, but such an aid increases the price of raw material in the process. The highest total base number (TBN) as measured in KOH/g, in accordance with an acceptable viscosity, which can generally be achieved by previously known processes, is approx. 300, although previously known TBN values are in the range of 200-300. It would be a clearly desirable object to produce sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkylphenate compositions having a high TBN value, i.e. a TBN value greater than 300, and preferably greater than 350. It would also be a desirable aim to prepare such materials from sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkylphenates with a lower TBN value. So far it has not been found possible to obtain products with such a high TBN value, because the use of larger concentrations of alkaline earth metal base leads to highly viscous products which, instead of being "diluted" by subsequent carbonation attempts using excess carbon dioxide, are rendered insoluble . These objectives have been met and thereby compositions have been achieved which have a TBN value of over 300 and in some cases over 350 while simultaneously maintaining an acceptable viscosity, i.e. a viscosity less than 1000 cSt, and avoiding insolubility when incorporated into a reaction mixture containing a sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkylphenate of at least one carboxylic acid or acid derivative thereof having at least 10 carbon atoms in the molecule.
Anvendelsen av karboksylsyrer ved fremstillingen av forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater er ikke ny, se f.eks. TJS-A-4.049.560 og EP-A-0.094.814. The use of carboxylic acids in the production of sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkylphenates is not new, see e.g. TJS-A-4,049,560 and EP-A-0,094,814.
US-A-4.049.560 beskriver fremstilling av en overbaset magnesium-detergent ved en fremgangsmåte hvorved karbondioksyd innføres i en reaksjonsblanding som omfatter: (a) 15-40 vekt-# av en forsvovlet fenol eller tiofenol inneholdende en eller flere hydrokarbylsubstituenter, eller en fenol eller tiofenol inneholdende en eller flere hydrokarbylsubstituenter, eller nevnte fenol eller tiofenol inneholdende en eller flere hydrokarbylsubstituenter sammen med svovel, (b) 5-15 vekt-# av en organisk sulfonsyre, et organisk US-A-4,049,560 describes the preparation of an overbased magnesium detergent by a process whereby carbon dioxide is introduced into a reaction mixture comprising: (a) 15-40% by weight of a sulphurised phenol or thiophenol containing one or more hydrocarbyl substituents, or a phenol or thiophenol containing one or more hydrocarbyl substituents, or said phenol or thiophenol containing one or more hydrocarbyl substituents together with sulphur, (b) 5-15 wt-# of an organic sulphonic acid, an organic
sulfonat eller et organisk sulfat, sulfonate or an organic sulfate,
(c) 5-15 vekt-56 av en glykol, en C^- C^ enverdig alkanol (c) 5-15 wt-56 of a glycol, a C₁-C₂ monovalent alkanol
eller C2-C4 alkoksyalkanol, or C2-C4 alkoxyalkanol,
(d) 2-15 vekt-# av et magnesiumhydroksyd eller aktivt (d) 2-15 wt-# of a magnesium hydroxide or active
magnesiumoksyd, magnesium oxide,
(e) minst 0,1 vekt-# av en C^-C-^g karboksylsyre, et anhydrid derav, eller et ammonium-, aminsalt, et gruppe I metall- eller et gruppe II metallsalt av nevnte C^-C^g karboksylsyre, og (f) minst 10 vekt-# av en fortynningsmiddelolje (inkludert enhver som er til stede i komponenter (a) og (b) ). (e) at least 0.1 wt-# of a C^-C-^g carboxylic acid, an anhydride thereof, or an ammonium, amine salt, a group I metal or a group II metal salt of said C^-C^g carboxylic acid, and (f) at least 10 wt-# of a diluent oil (including any present in components (a) and (b) ).
Mengden av karboksylsyre (komponent (e) ) er fortrinnsvis i området 0,5-2,0 vekt-#. Produktet fremstilt ved denne reaksjonen angis å ha en TBN-verdi fra 200 til 250, f.eks. ca. 225. The amount of carboxylic acid (component (e)) is preferably in the range of 0.5-2.0 by weight. The product produced by this reaction is stated to have a TBN value of from 200 to 250, e.g. about. 225.
EP-A-0.094.814 beskriver et additivkonsentrat for inkorporering i en smøreolje omfattende 10-90 vekt-# av et overbaset, forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat som er blitt behandlet enten under eller etter overbaseingspros-essen, med 0,1-10, fortrinnsvis 2-6, vekt-# (basert på vekten av additivkonsentrat) av en syre med formelen: EP-A-0,094,814 discloses an additive concentrate for incorporation into a lubricating oil comprising 10-90 wt-# of an overbased, sulphurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate which has been treated either during or after the overbasing process, with 0.1-10, preferably 2- 6, weight # (based on weight of additive concentrate) of an acid of the formula:
R - CH - COOH (I) R - CH - COOH (I)
Ri Ride
(hvor R er en Cio-C24 uforgrenet alkyl- eller alkenylgruppe, og R<1> er hydrogen, en C1-C4 alkylgruppe eller -CH2-C00H-gruppe) eller anhydrid eller et salt derav. Formålet med (where R is a C10-C24 unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group, and R<1> is hydrogen, a C1-C4 alkyl group or -CH2-C00H group) or anhydride or a salt thereof. The purpose of
oppfinnelsen i EP-A-0.094.814 er å overvinne problemer som oppstår med mange additivkonsentrater inneholdende overbasete additiver, nemlig mangel på stabilitet, hvilket gir opphav til sedimentering og skummingsproblemer. Problemet i EP-A-0.094.814 er ikke det med fremstilling av fenater som har en TBN-verdi større enn 300, og fenatene som fremstilles ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen deri, har, selv om den overvinner problemene med stabilitet og skumming, virkelig TBN-verdier på mindre enn 300. the invention in EP-A-0,094,814 is to overcome problems encountered with many additive concentrates containing overbased additives, namely lack of stability, which gives rise to sedimentation and foaming problems. The problem in EP-A-0,094,814 is not that of producing phenates having a TBN value greater than 300, and the phenates produced by the process of the invention therein, although overcoming the problems of stability and foaming, do have TBN -values of less than 300.
Det kan konkluderes med at den tidligere teknikk hvori karboksylsyrer benyttes, ikke takler problemet med fremstilling av overbasete, forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater som har en TBN-verdi større enn 300 og en akseptabel viskositet. It can be concluded that the prior art in which carboxylic acids are used does not cope with the problem of producing overbased, sulphurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenates having a TBN value greater than 300 and an acceptable viscosity.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse er det således tilveiebragt en fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av et additivkonsentrat som har en TBN-verdi større enn 300, egnet for inkorporering i smøreolje, og denne fremgangsmåten er kjennetegnet ved omsetning ved forhøyet temperatur av: (A) et forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat som har en TBN-verdi mindre enn den til det sluttlige According to the present invention, there is thus provided a method for the production of an additive concentrate which has a TBN value greater than 300, suitable for incorporation into lubricating oil, and this method is characterized by reaction at elevated temperature of: (A) a sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate which has a TBN value less than that of the final one
additivkonsentrat, additive concentrate,
(B) en jordalkalimetallbase, enten tilsatt som et hele til de innledende reaktantene, eller delvis til de (B) an alkaline earth metal base, either added as a whole to the initial reactants, or partially to the
innledende reaktantene og resten i en eller flere porsjoner ved et eller flere etterfølgende trinn i the initial reactants and the remainder in one or more portions at one or more subsequent steps i
f remgangsmåten, f the procedure,
(C) enten en flerverdig alkohol med 2-4 karbonatomer, en di- eller tri- (C2-C4) glykol, en alkylenglykolalkyl-eter eller en polyalkylenglykolalkyleter, (C) either a polyhydric alcohol with 2-4 carbon atoms, a di- or tri- (C2-C4) glycol, an alkylene glycol alkyl ether or a polyalkylene glycol alkyl ether,
(D) en smøreolje, (D) a lubricating oil,
(E) karbondioksyd tilsatt etter tilsetningen, eller etter (E) carbon dioxide added after the addition, or after
hver tilsetning, av komponent (B), og each addition, of component (B), and
(F) tilstrekkelig til å gi fra mer enn 2 til 35 vekt-# (F) sufficient to provide from more than 2 to 35 wt-#
basert på vekten av konsentratet av enten: (i) minst en karboksylsyre som har formelen: R - CH - COOH (I) hvor R er en <C>^o<-C>24 alkyl- eller alkenylgruppe, og R<1> er enten hydrogen, en C-^- C^ alkylgruppe eller en —CB^-COOH-gruppe, eller et anhydrid, eller ester derav, eller (ii) en di- eller polykarboksylsyre inneholdende 36-100 karbonatomer, eller et anhydrid eller ester derav, based on the weight of the concentrate of either: (i) at least one carboxylic acid having the formula: R - CH - COOH (I) where R is a <C>^o<-C>24 alkyl or alkenyl group, and R<1> is either hydrogen, a C-^-C^ alkyl group or a —CB^-COOH group, or an anhydride, or ester thereof, or (ii) a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing 36-100 carbon atoms, or an anhydride or ester hence,
slik at det dannes et konsentrat som har en viskositet ved 100°C mindre enn 1000 cSt, idet reaksjonen eventuelt utføres i nærvær av en katalysator, fortrinnsvis kalsiumklorid. so that a concentrate is formed which has a viscosity at 100°C of less than 1000 cSt, the reaction possibly being carried out in the presence of a catalyst, preferably calcium chloride.
Foreliggende fremgangsmåte er fordelaktig fordi den gir en metode for oppgradering av tidligere kjente produkter eller produkter med spesifikasjonsavvik, hvilke produkter har lav TBN-verdi, til produkter med høy TBN-verdi som har en akseptabel viskositet. Dessuten, siden hydrogensulfid ikke utvikles under utførelsen av foreliggende fremgangsmåte, i motsetning til fremgangsmåter for fremstilling av forsvovlede jordalkalimetallalkylfenater som innebærer omsetning av en alkylfenol og svovel, ved hjelp av de mer konvensjonelle metodene.unngås deponeringsproblemer med hydrogensulfid, og derved gis det adgang for produksjon på miljømessig følsomme steder og bruk av mindre raffinerte anlegg. The present method is advantageous because it provides a method for upgrading previously known products or products with specification deviations, which products have a low TBN value, to products with a high TBN value that have an acceptable viscosity. Moreover, since hydrogen sulphide is not evolved during the execution of the present process, in contrast to processes for the production of sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkylphenates which involve the reaction of an alkylphenol and sulphur, by means of the more conventional methods, deposition problems with hydrogen sulphide are avoided, thereby allowing production in environmentally sensitive locations and use of less refined facilities.
Komponent (A) i reaksjonsblandingen er et forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat som har en TBN-verdi lavere enn den til sluttproduktet, dvs. generelt mindre enn 300. Et hvilket som helst forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat kan benyttes. Det forsvovlede jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenatet kan være karbonert eller ikke-karbonert. Jord-alkalimetalldelen kan være strontium, kalisum, magnesium eller barium, fortrinnsvis kalsium, barium eller magnesium, mer foretrukket kalsium. Hydrokarbylfenatdelen i det forsvovlede jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenatet er fortrinnsvis avledet fra minst en alkylfenol. Alkylgruppene i alkylfenolen kan være forgrenet eller uforgrenet. Egnede alkylgrupper inneholder 4-30, fortrinnsvis 9-28 karbonatomer. En spesielt egnet alkylfenol er C^-alkylfenolen oppnådd ved alkylering av fenol med propylentetramer. Metoder for fremstilling av forsvovlede jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenater er velkjente innen teknikken. Alternativt kan forløpere for et forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat i form av et ikke-forsvovlet jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenat og svovel benyttes. Component (A) of the reaction mixture is a sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate having a TBN value lower than that of the final product, ie generally less than 300. Any sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate can be used. The sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate may be carbonated or non-carbonated. The alkaline earth metal part can be strontium, potassium, magnesium or barium, preferably calcium, barium or magnesium, more preferably calcium. The hydrocarbylphenate portion of the sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate is preferably derived from at least one alkylphenol. The alkyl groups in the alkylphenol can be branched or unbranched. Suitable alkyl groups contain 4-30, preferably 9-28 carbon atoms. A particularly suitable alkyl phenol is the C 1 -alkyl phenol obtained by alkylating phenol with propylene tetramer. Methods for preparing sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenates are well known in the art. Alternatively, precursors for a sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate in the form of a non-sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylphenate and sulfur can be used.
Jordalkalimetallbasen (komponent B) kan hensiktsmessig være et jordalkalimetalloksyd eller -hydroksyd, fortrinnsvis hydroksydet. Kalsiumhydroksyd kan tilsettes f.eks. i form av lesket kalk. Foretrukne jordalkalimetaller er kalsium, magnesium og barium og er mer foretrukket kalsium. Jordalkalimetallbasen må tilsettes i en mengde i forhold til komponent (A) som er tilstrekkelig til å gi et produkt som har en TBN-verdi på over 300, fortrinnsvis over 350. Denne mengden vil avhenge av en rekke faktorer inkludert typen av det forsvovlede jordalkalimetallhydrokarbylfenatet. Vekt-forholdet for komponent (B) til komponent (A) kan hensikt-messig være i området 0,1-50, fortrinnsvis 0,2-5. Jordalkalimetallbasen (B) kan tilsettes på en gang til de innledende reaktantene éller delvis til de innledende reaktantene og resten i en ellerflere deler ved ett eller flere etterfølgende trinn i prosessen. Fortrinnsvis tilsettes komponent B) i en enkelt tilsetning til de innledende reaktantene . The alkaline earth metal base (component B) can conveniently be an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide, preferably the hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide can be added, e.g. in the form of slaked lime. Preferred alkaline earth metals are calcium, magnesium and barium and more preferably calcium. The alkaline earth metal base must be added in an amount relative to component (A) sufficient to give a product having a TBN value above 300, preferably above 350. This amount will depend on a number of factors including the nature of the sulfurized alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenate. The weight ratio of component (B) to component (A) can suitably be in the range 0.1-50, preferably 0.2-5. The alkaline earth metal base (B) can be added all at once to the initial reactants or partially to the initial reactants and the remainder in one or more parts at one or more subsequent steps in the process. Preferably, component B) is added in a single addition to the initial reactants.
Jordalkalimetallet kan hensiktsmessig være tilstede i konsentratet i en mengde på 10-20 vekt-56 basert på vekten av konsentratet. Svovel kan hensiktsmessig være til stede i konsentratet i en mengde i området 1-6, fortrinnsvis 1,5-3 vekt-# basert på vekten av konsentratet. Hensiktsmessig kan karbondioksyd være til stede i konsentratet i en mengde i området 5-20, fortrinnsvis 9-15 vekt-# basert på vekten av konsentratet. The alkaline earth metal may suitably be present in the concentrate in an amount of 10-20 wt-56 based on the weight of the concentrate. Sulfur can conveniently be present in the concentrate in an amount in the range of 1-6, preferably 1.5-3 wt-# based on the weight of the concentrate. Suitably, carbon dioxide may be present in the concentrate in an amount in the range of 5-20, preferably 9-15 wt-# based on the weight of the concentrate.
Komponent (C) er enten en flerverdig alkohol med 2-4 karbonatomer, en di- eller tri-(C2"C4)glykolen alkylenglykolalkyl-eter eller en polyalkylenglykolalkyleter. Den flerverdige alkoholen kan hensiktsmesssig være enten en toverdig alkohol, f.eks. etylenglykol eller propylenglykol, eller en treverdig-alkohol, f.eks. glycerol. Di- eller tri-(C2~C4)glykolen kan hensiktsmessig være enten dietylenglykol eller trietylenglykol. Alkylenglykolalkyleteren eller polyalkylenglykol-alkyleteren kan hensiktsmessig ha formelen Component (C) is either a polyhydric alcohol with 2-4 carbon atoms, a di- or tri-(C2"C4) glycol alkylene glycol alkyl ether or a polyalkylene glycol alkyl ether. The polyhydric alcohol can conveniently be either a dihydric alcohol, e.g. ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, or a trihydric alcohol, e.g. glycerol. The di- or tri-(C2~C4) glycol may conveniently be either diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol. The alkylene glycol alkyl ether or polyalkylene glycol alkyl ether may conveniently have the formula
RCOR^xOR2 (II) RCOR^xOR2 (II)
hvor R er en C^-C^ alkylgruppe, R<1> er en alkylengruppe, R<2 >er hydrogen eller C^-C^, alkyl, og x er et helt tall i området fra 1 til 6. Egnede oppløsningssmidler med formel (II) innbefatter monometyl- eller dimetyleterne av etylenglykol, dietylenglykol, trietylenglykol eller tetraetylenglykol. Et spesielt egnet oppløsningsmiddel er metyldigol (CH3OCH2CH2-OCH2CH2OH). Blandinger av glykoler og glykoletere med formel (II) kan også benyttes. Ved bruk av glykol eller glykoleter med formel (II) som oppløsningsmiddel er det foretrukket å benytte i kombinasjon dermed et uorganisk halogenid, f.eks. ammoniumklorid, og en lavere, dvs. C1-C4, karboksylsyre, f.eks. eddiksyre. Fortrinnsvis er komponent (C) enten etylenglykol eller metyldigol, sistnevnte i kombinasjon med ammoniumklorid og eddiksyre. where R is a C^-C^ alkyl group, R<1> is an alkylene group, R<2> is hydrogen or C^-C^, alkyl, and x is an integer in the range from 1 to 6. Suitable solvents with formula (II) includes the monomethyl or dimethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol. A particularly suitable solvent is methyl digol (CH3OCH2CH2-OCH2CH2OH). Mixtures of glycols and glycol ethers with formula (II) can also be used. When using glycol or glycol ether with formula (II) as solvent, it is preferred to use an inorganic halide, e.g. ammonium chloride, and a lower, i.e. C1-C4, carboxylic acid, e.g. acetic acid. Preferably, component (C) is either ethylene glycol or methyl digol, the latter in combination with ammonium chloride and acetic acid.
Komponent (D) er en smøreolje og denne kan hensiktsmessig være enten en animalsk olje, en vegetbilsk olje eller en mineralolje. Hensiktsmessig kan smøreoljen være en petrol-eumavledet smøreolje, slik som en naftenisk basisolje, paraffinbasisolje eller blandet basisolje. Oppløsnings-middelnøytrale oljer er spesielt egnet. Alternativt kan smøreoljen være en syntetisk smøreolje. Egnede syntetiske smøreoljer innbefatter syntetiske estersmøreoljer, hvilke oljer omfatter diestrer slik som dioktyladipat, ddioktylseba-cat, og didecyladipat, eller polymere hydrokarbonsmøreoljer, f.eks. flytende polyisobutener og poly-a-olefiner. Smøre-oljen kan hensiktsmessig omfatte 10-90$, fortrinnsvis 10-70$, beregnet på konsentratets vekt. Component (D) is a lubricating oil and this can suitably be either an animal oil, a vegetable oil or a mineral oil. Suitably, the lubricating oil may be a petroleum-derived lubricating oil, such as a naphthenic base oil, paraffinic base oil or blended base oil. Solvent-neutral oils are particularly suitable. Alternatively, the lubricating oil can be a synthetic lubricating oil. Suitable synthetic lubricating oils include synthetic ester lubricating oils, which oils comprise diesters such as dioctyl adipate, dioctyl sebacate, and didecyl adipate, or polymeric hydrocarbon lubricating oils, e.g. liquid polyisobutenes and poly-a-olefins. The lubricating oil can suitably comprise 10-90$, preferably 10-70$, calculated on the weight of the concentrate.
Komponent (E) er karbondioksyd, som kan tilsettes i form av en gass eller et fast stoff, fortrinnsvis i form av en gass. I gassformen kan det hensiktsmessig blåses gjennom reaksjonsblandingen. Man har funnet at generelt vil mengden avkarbon-dioksyd som inkorporeres øke med økende konsentrasjoner av komponent (F). Karbondioksydet tilsettes fortrinnsvis etter en enkelt tilsetning av komponent (B) ved slutten av reaksjonen mellom komponent (A), (B), (C), (D) og (F). Component (E) is carbon dioxide, which can be added in the form of a gas or a solid, preferably in the form of a gas. In the gaseous form, it can be suitably blown through the reaction mixture. It has been found that, in general, the amount of carbon dioxide that is incorporated will increase with increasing concentrations of component (F). The carbon dioxide is preferably added after a single addition of component (B) at the end of the reaction between component (A), (B), (C), (D) and (F).
Komponent (F) er enten en karboksylsyre med formel (I), en di- eller polykarboksylsyre inneholdende 36-100 karbonatomer, eller et syreanhydrid, et syreklorid eller ester derav, som beskrevet ovenfor, under henvisning til konsentratet. Gruppen R i formel I i komponent (F)(i) er som nevnt en Cig-<C>24 alkyl- eller alkenylgruppe og er mer foretrukket Cig-24 rettkjedede alkylgrupper, og R<1> er hydrogen, en C^-C4 alkylgruppe eller en -CH2-C00H-gruppe. Eksempler på egnede mettede karboksylsyrer med formel (I) innbefatter kaprinsyre, laurinsyre, myristinsyre, palmitinsyre, stearinsyre, araki-dinsyre, beheninsyre og lignoserinsyre. Eksempler på egnede umettede syrer med formel (I) innbefatter lauroleinsyre, myristoleinsyre, palmitoleinsyre, oleinsyre, gadoleinsyre, erucinsyre, ricinoleinsyre, linolsyre og linolensyre. Blandinger av syrer kan også benyttes, f.eks. rapstoppfettsyrer. Spesielt egnede blandinger av syrer er de kommersielle kval-iteter som inneholder et område av syrer, inkludert både mettede og umettede syrer. Slike blandinger kan oppnås syntetisk, eller kan avledes fra naturlige produkter, f.eks. bomullolje, maltt nøtteolje, kokosnøttolje, linfrøolje, palmekjerneolje, olivenolje, maisolje, palmeolje, ricinusolje, soyabønneolje, solsikkeolje, sildeolje, sardinolje og talg. Forsvovlede syrer og syreblandinger kan også benyttes. Istedenfor, eller i tillegg til, karboksylsyren kan syreanhydridet, syrekloridet eller esterderivater av syren, fortrinnsvis syreanhydridet, benyttes. Det er imidlertid foretrukket å benytte en karboksylsyre eller en blanding av karboksylsyrer. En foretrukket karboksylsyre med formel (I) er stearinsyre. Det er foretrukket at (ii) i komponent (F) er en polyiso-butenravsyre eller et polyisobutenravsyreanhydrid. Mengden av komponent (F) som skal til for å gi fra mer enn 2 til 35 vekt-$ basert på vekten av konsentratet vil til en første tilnærmelse være mengden oppnådd i konsentratet. Ved beregning av denne mengde bør det tas hensyn til tap av vann fra karboksylsyrer, f.eks. Fortrinnsvis blir karboksylsyren(e) som har formel (I), di- eller polykarboksylsyren, eller syreanhydridet, syrekloridet eller esteren derav, innbefattet i en mengde fra over 10 til 35$, mer foretrukket fra 12 til 20$, f.eks. ca. 16 vekt-$ basert på vekten av konsentratet. En fordel med inkorporering av mer enn 10$ av karboksylsyren eller derivatet derav er generelt en relativt lavere konsentratviskosistet. Component (F) is either a carboxylic acid of formula (I), a di- or polycarboxylic acid containing 36-100 carbon atoms, or an acid anhydride, an acid chloride or ester thereof, as described above, with reference to the concentrate. The group R in formula I in component (F)(i) is, as mentioned, a Cig-<C>24 alkyl or alkenyl group and is more preferably Cig-24 straight-chain alkyl groups, and R<1> is hydrogen, a C^-C4 alkyl group or a -CH 2 -COOH group. Examples of suitable saturated carboxylic acids of formula (I) include capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and lignoseric acid. Examples of suitable unsaturated acids of formula (I) include lauroleic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, ricinoleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Mixtures of acids can also be used, e.g. rapeseed fatty acids. Particularly suitable mixtures of acids are the commercial grades which contain a range of acids, including both saturated and unsaturated acids. Such mixtures can be obtained synthetically, or can be derived from natural products, e.g. cottonseed oil, ground nut oil, coconut oil, linseed oil, palm kernel oil, olive oil, corn oil, palm oil, castor oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, herring oil, sardine oil and tallow. Sulphurised acids and acid mixtures can also be used. Instead of, or in addition to, the carboxylic acid, the acid anhydride, the acid chloride or ester derivatives of the acid, preferably the acid anhydride, can be used. However, it is preferred to use a carboxylic acid or a mixture of carboxylic acids. A preferred carboxylic acid of formula (I) is stearic acid. It is preferred that (ii) in component (F) is a polyisobutenesuccinic acid or a polyisobutenesuccinic anhydride. The amount of component (F) required to provide from more than 2 to 35 wt.-$ based on the weight of the concentrate will, to a first approximation, be the amount obtained in the concentrate. When calculating this amount, account should be taken of loss of water from carboxylic acids, e.g. Preferably, the carboxylic acid(s) having formula (I), the di- or polycarboxylic acid, or the acid anhydride, acid chloride or ester thereof, is included in an amount from over 10 to 35%, more preferably from 12 to 20%, e.g. about. 16 weight-$ based on the weight of the concentrate. An advantage of incorporating more than 10% of the carboxylic acid or derivative thereof is generally a relatively lower concentrate viscosity.
Reaksjonen i foreliggende fremgangsmåte kan utføres i nærvær av et fortynningsmiddel. Egnede fortynningsmidler er væsker som har en flyktighet i overensstemmelse med operasjonen av prosessen, dvs. som har en flyktighet slik at de lett kan strippes fra reaksjonsblandingen ved slutten av reaksjonen. Eksempler på egnede fortynningsmidler innbefatter 2-etylheksanol, iso-oktanol, isoheptanol og tridekanol. The reaction in the present method can be carried out in the presence of a diluent. Suitable diluents are liquids which have a volatility consistent with the operation of the process, i.e. which have a volatility such that they can be easily stripped from the reaction mixture at the end of the reaction. Examples of suitable diluents include 2-ethylhexanol, iso-octanol, isoheptanol and tridecanol.
Ytterligere svovel, dvs. svovel i tillegg til det som allerede er til stede ved hjelp av komponent (A), kan tilsettes til reaksjonsblandingen. En fordel med tilsetning av ytterligere svovel er at det øker mengden av svovel i konsentrat-tet, hvilket kan være ønskelig for visse anvendelser. På den annen side leder tilsetning av svovel til utvikling av hydrogensulfid, hvilket derved til en viss grad forringer fordelen ved oppfinnelsen som nevnt tidligere. Additional sulfur, i.e. sulfur in addition to that already present by means of component (A), can be added to the reaction mixture. An advantage of adding additional sulfur is that it increases the amount of sulfur in the concentrate, which may be desirable for certain applications. On the other hand, the addition of sulfur leads to the development of hydrogen sulphide, which thereby diminishes to a certain extent the advantage of the invention as mentioned earlier.
Reaksjonen kan eventuelt og fordelaktig utføres i nærvær av en ytterligere komponent som er en katalysator for reaksjonen. Som katalysator kan benyttes et uorganisk halogenid som hensiktsmessig kan være enten et hydrogenhalogenid, et ammoniumhalogenid eller et metallhalogenid. Hensiktsmessig kan metalldelen i metallhalogenidet være sink, aluminium eller et jordalkalimetall, fortrinnsvis kalsium. Av halogenidene er kloridet foretrukket. Egnede katalysatorer innbefatter hydrogenklorid, kalsiumklorid, ammoniumklorid, aluminiumklorid og sinkklorid, fortrinnsvis kalsiumklorid. Hensiktsmessig kan mengden av benyttet katalysator være opptil 2,0$ vekt/vekt. The reaction can optionally and advantageously be carried out in the presence of a further component which is a catalyst for the reaction. An inorganic halide can be used as a catalyst, which can suitably be either a hydrogen halide, an ammonium halide or a metal halide. Suitably, the metal part of the metal halide can be zinc, aluminum or an alkaline earth metal, preferably calcium. Of the halides, the chloride is preferred. Suitable catalysts include hydrogen chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, aluminum chloride and zinc chloride, preferably calcium chloride. Expediently, the amount of catalyst used can be up to 2.0% w/w.
Hensiktsmessig kan reaksjonene av komponenter (A)-(F) og også karboneringsreaksjonen utføres ved forhøyede temperaturer i området 120-200°C, fortrinnsvis fra 130 til 165°C, skjønt de aktuelle temperaturene som velges for reaksjonen av komponenter (A)-(F) og karboneringen kan være forskjellige dersom dette er ønskelig. Trykket kan være atmosfærisk, under-atmosfærisk eller overatmosfærisk. Conveniently, the reactions of components (A)-(F) and also the carbonation reaction can be carried out at elevated temperatures in the range of 120-200°C, preferably from 130 to 165°C, although the actual temperatures chosen for the reaction of components (A)-( F) and the carbonation can be different if this is desired. The pressure can be atmospheric, sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric.
Konsentratet kan utvinnes på konvensjonell måte. f.eks. ved destillasjonsstripping av komponent (C) og fortynningsmiddel (hvis slikt er til stede). Sluttlig er det foretrukket å filtrere det således oppnådde konsentrat. The concentrate can be extracted in a conventional way. e.g. by distillation stripping of component (C) and diluent (if present). Finally, it is preferred to filter the concentrate thus obtained.
Generelt vil foreliggende fremgangmåte gi et konsentrat som har en akseptabel viskositet, dvs. en viskositet på mindre enn 1.000 cSt ved 100°C, og kan gi konsentrater som har en viskositet mindre enn 750 eller 500cSt ved 100°C. Dessuten har konsentratene generelt ønskelig viskositetsindeksegen-skaper. Slike viskometriske egenskaper er fordelaktige fordi de letter bearbeidelse (inkludert filtrering) av konsentratet. Det er imidlertid også mulig å fremstille konsentrater som har en høyere viskositet enn 1.000 cSt ved 100°C, generelt ved høyere TBN-nivåer. Filtrering av slike konsentrater representerer et problem, hvilket kan overvinnes ved tilsetning av et fortynningsmiddel før filtrering og stripping av fortynningsmiddelet etter filtrering. Alternativt, eller i tillegg, kan konsentratet fortynnes med smøreolje og fremdeles bibeholde en TBN-verdi på over 300, spesielt dersom TBN-verdien til konsentratet som fremstilt er høy, f.eks. over 400. In general, the present method will give a concentrate that has an acceptable viscosity, i.e. a viscosity of less than 1,000 cSt at 100°C, and can give concentrates that have a viscosity of less than 750 or 500cSt at 100°C. Moreover, the concentrates generally have desirable viscosity index properties. Such viscometric properties are advantageous because they facilitate processing (including filtration) of the concentrate. However, it is also possible to produce concentrates having a viscosity higher than 1,000 cSt at 100°C, generally at higher TBN levels. Filtration of such concentrates represents a problem, which can be overcome by adding a diluent before filtration and stripping the diluent after filtration. Alternatively, or in addition, the concentrate can be diluted with lubricating oil and still retain a TBN value above 300, especially if the TBN value of the concentrate as produced is high, e.g. over 400.
En ferdig smøreolje innbefatter en smøreolje og tilstrekkelig av foreliggende additivkonsentrat for oppnåelse av en TBN-verdi i området 0,5-120. En slik ferdig smøreolje inneholder fortrinnsvis tilstrekkelig av konsentratet til å gi en TBN-verdi i området 0,5-100. A finished lubricating oil includes a lubricating oil and sufficient of the present additive concentrate to achieve a TBN value in the range 0.5-120. Such a finished lubricating oil preferably contains enough of the concentrate to give a TBN value in the range 0.5-100.
Mengden av additivkonsentrat som er kan benyttes i den ferdige smøreoljen, vil avhenge av typen av sluttanvendelse. For marine smøreoljer kan mengden av tilstedeværende konsentrat således hensiktsmessig være tilstrekkelig til å gi en TBN-verdi i området 9-100, og for bilmotorsmøreoljer kanmengden hensiktsmessig være tilstrekkelig til å gi en TBN-verdi i området 4-20. The amount of additive concentrate that can be used in the finished lubricating oil will depend on the type of end use. For marine lubricating oils, the amount of concentrate present can thus suitably be sufficient to give a TBN value in the range 9-100, and for car engine lubricating oils the amount can suitably be sufficient to give a TBN value in the range 4-20.
En ferdig smøreolje kan også inneholde effektive mengder av en eller flere andre typer av konvensjonelle smøreolje-additiver, f.eks. viskositetsindeksforbedrende midler, anti-slitasjemidler, antioksydasjonsmidler, dispergeringsmidler, rustsinhibitorer, hellepunktnedsettende midler, eller lignende, som kan inkorporeres i den ferdige smøreoljen enten direkte eller ved hjelp av konsentratet. A finished lubricating oil may also contain effective amounts of one or more other types of conventional lubricating oil additives, e.g. viscosity index improvers, anti-wear agents, antioxidants, dispersants, rust inhibitors, pour point depressants, or the like, which can be incorporated into the finished lubricating oil either directly or by means of the concentrate.
Oppfinnelsen vil nå bli illustrert under henvisning til følgende eksempler. The invention will now be illustrated with reference to the following examples.
I alle eksemplene er betegnelsen "TBN" benyttet. TBN er det totale basetall i mg KOH/g målt ved metoden ifølge ASTM D2896. In all the examples, the designation "TBN" is used. TBN is the total base number in mg KOH/g measured by the method according to ASTM D2896.
I alle eksemplene, med mindre annet er spesielt angitt, ble et kommersielt tilgjengelig forsvovlet kalsiumalkylfenat avledet fra en C-j^-alkylfenol benyttet. Fenatet leveres som en oppløsning i smøreolje, som utgjør 36-40$ vekt/vekt av konsentratet. Konsentratet har en TBN-verdi på 250 og en sammensetning som følger: - kalsium (9,25$ vekt/vekt), svovel (3,25$ vekt/vekt) og karbondioksyd (4,6$ vekt/vekt). Når "satsen" for noen eksempler innbefatter smøreolje, er dette i tillegg til det som allerede er til stede i fenat-sammensetningen. In all examples, unless otherwise specifically stated, a commercially available sulfurized calcium alkylphenate derived from a C 1-4 alkylphenol was used. The phenate is supplied as a solution in lubricating oil, which amounts to 36-40$ weight/weight of the concentrate. The concentrate has a TBN value of 250 and a composition as follows: - calcium (9.25$ w/w), sulfur (3.25$ w/w) and carbon dioxide (4.6$ w/w). When the "rate" for some examples includes lubricating oil, this is in addition to what is already present in the phenate composition.
Viskositeten ble målt ved metoden ifølge ASTM D445. The viscosity was measured by the method according to ASTM D445.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Forbedring av forsvovlet kalsiumalkylfenat Improvement of desulfurized calcium alkylphenate
Satsen ble oppvarmet til 145-165°C/700 mm Hg under tilsetning av 36 g etylenglykol. Den ble deretter holdt i 1 time ved 165°C/700 mm Hg. Karbondioksyd (50 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C i løpet av 1 time. Produktet ble avkjølt til 125°C/700 mm Hg. Kalk (33 g) ble tilsatt. Temperaturen ble hevet til 165°C/700 mm Hg og holdt ved denne temperaturen i 1 time. Karbondioksyd (25 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C i løpet av 1 time. Produktet ble deretter strippet ved 200°C/10 mm Hg. Til slutt ble produktet filtrert. Det ble observert at filtreringshastigheten var meget hurtig. 437 g produkt og 167 g destillat ble oppnådd. The batch was heated to 145-165°C/700 mm Hg while adding 36 g of ethylene glycol. It was then held for 1 hour at 165°C/700 mm Hg. Carbon dioxide (50 g) was added at 165°C over 1 hour. The product was cooled to 125°C/700 mm Hg. Lime (33 g) was added. The temperature was raised to 165°C/700 mm Hg and held at this temperature for 1 hour. Carbon dioxide (25 g) was added at 165°C over 1 hour. The product was then stripped at 200°C/10 mm Hg. Finally, the product was filtered. It was observed that the filtration rate was very fast. 437 g of product and 167 g of distillate were obtained.
Produktet ble analysert for kalsium, svovel og karbondioksyd. Dets TBN, BPHVI50 og viskositet ved 100°C ble bestemt. BPHVI50-bestemmelsen er en oppløselighetstest. Resultater fra testen er uttrykt ved bruk av målestokken 1 (sterkt opp-løselig; passerer), 2 (grense) og 3 (feiler). The product was analyzed for calcium, sulfur and carbon dioxide. Its TBN, BPHVI50 and viscosity at 100°C were determined. The BPHVI50 determination is a solubility test. Results from the test are expressed using the scale 1 (highly soluble; passes), 2 (limit) and 3 (fails).
Resultater Results
Dette eksempel viser at et produkt med lav TBN-verdi kan om-dannes til et produkt med en høy TBN-verdi som har en akseptabel viskositet ved hjelp av foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that a product with a low TBN value can be transformed into a product with a high TBN value which has an acceptable viscosity by means of the present method.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
Metode Method
(a) Satsen ble oppvarmet til 100°C/700 mm Hg. Stearinsyre (63 g) ble tilsatt og blandingen omrørt i 15 min. (b) 2-etylheksanol (190 g) ble tilsatt ved 100-110°C/-700 (a) The batch was heated to 100°C/700 mm Hg. Stearic acid (63 g) was added and the mixture stirred for 15 min. (b) 2-ethylhexanol (190 g) was added at 100-110°C/-700
mm Hg. mm Hg.
(c) Kalk (66 g) ble tilsatt ved 110°C (700 mm Hg. (c) Lime (66 g) was added at 110°C (700 mm Hg.
(d) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 165°C/700 mm Hg og (d) The mixture was heated to 165°C/700 mm Hg and
etylenglykol (32 g) ble tilsatt hurtig (1 min.). ethylene glycol (32 g) was added rapidly (1 min.).
(e) Blandingen ble holdt i 5 min. ved 165°C/700 mm Hg. (f) Karbondioksyd (66 g) ble deretter tilsatt ved (e) The mixture was kept for 5 min. at 165°C/700 mm Hg. (f) Carbon dioxide (66 g) was then added at
165°C/1 bar. 165°C/1 bar.
(g) Oppløsningsmiddelet ble gjenvunnet ved 200°C/10 mm (g) The solvent was recovered at 200°C/10 mm
Hg, og Hg, and
(h) det strippede produkt ble filtrert. (h) the stripped product was filtered.
Produktvekter: Product weights:
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten var hurtig. The filtration rate was fast.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
Sats: Som for eksempel 2. Sentence: As for example 2.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 2 unntatt at temperaturen var 145°C istedenfor 165°C i trinn (d), (e) og (f). As for example 2 except that the temperature was 145°C instead of 165°C in steps (d), (e) and (f).
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Sats: Som for eksempel 2 Sentence: As for example 2
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 2 unntatt at temperaturen var 130°C istedenfor 165°C i trinn (d), (e) og (f). As for example 2 except that the temperature was 130°C instead of 165°C in steps (d), (e) and (f).
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Sats: Som for eksempel 3 unntatt at kalsiumklorid ble sløyfet. Batch: As for example 3 except that calcium chloride was omitted.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3 Like for example 3
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringstrinnet (h) var meget vanskelig. The filtering step (h) was very difficult.
Dette eksempelet, sammenslignet med eksempel 3, demonstrerer ønskeligheten av å benytte en katalysator i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. I fravær av katalysator, selv om en lavere "VlOO ble oppnådd, ble dette oppnådd på bekostning av redusert inkorporering av kalsium og karbondioksyd, og dessuten var filtrering vanskelig. This example, compared to example 3, demonstrates the desirability of using a catalyst in the present process. In the absence of catalyst, although a lower "V100" was obtained, this was achieved at the expense of reduced incorporation of calcium and carbon dioxide, and furthermore, filtration was difficult.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Metode Method
(a) Satsen ble oppvarmet til 120°C/700 mm Hg, og kalk (36 (a) The batch was heated to 120°C/700 mm Hg, and lime (36
g) ble deretter tilsatt. g) was then added.
(b) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 145-165°C under tilsetning av etylenglykol (32 g). (c) Blandingen ble holdt i 1 time ved 165°C/700 mm Hg. (d) Karbondioksyd (44 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C/700 mm Hg. (e) Blandingen ble avkjølt til 120°C, og kalk (25 g) ble (b) The mixture was heated to 145-165°C while adding ethylene glycol (32 g). (c) The mixture was held for 1 hour at 165°C/700 mm Hg. (d) Carbon dioxide (44 g) was added at 165°C/700 mm Hg. (e) The mixture was cooled to 120°C and lime (25 g) was
tilsatt. added.
(f) Blandingen ble holdt ved 165°C/700 mm Hg i 1 time, (g) Karbondioksyd (22 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C/1 bar. (h) Oppløsningsmiddelet ble strippet ved 200°C/10 mm Hg, (f) The mixture was held at 165°C/700 mm Hg for 1 hour, (g) Carbon dioxide (22 g) was added at 165°C/1 bar. (h) The solvent was stripped at 200°C/10 mm Hg,
og and
(i) produktet ble filtrert. Filtreringshastigheten var (i) the product was filtered. The filtration rate was
hurtig. fast.
Produktvekter Product weights
Dette eksemplet demonstrerer at det er mulig å fremstille et konsentrat med høy TBN-verdi, skjønt viskositeten er relativt høy, ved inkorporering av 10$ vekt/vekt stearinsyre. This example demonstrates that it is possible to produce a concentrate with a high TBN value, although the viscosity is relatively high, by incorporating 10% w/w stearic acid.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
Sats: Som for eksempel 6 unntatt at fenatet ble øket fra 250 g til 268 g, og stearinsyren ble øket fra 40 g til 51 g. Batch: As for example 6 except that the phenate was increased from 250 g to 268 g, and the stearic acid was increased from 40 g to 51 g.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 6. Like for example 6.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempel viser at et konsentrat med høy TBN-verdi og med en lavere viskositet sammenlignet med eksempel 6 kan fremstilles ved et stearinsyreinnhold på 12,9$ vekt/vekt basert på vekten av konsentratet. This example shows that a concentrate with a high TBN value and with a lower viscosity compared to example 6 can be produced at a stearic acid content of 12.9$ w/w based on the weight of the concentrate.
Eksempel 8 Example 8
Metode Method
(a) Satsen ble oppvarrmet til 110°C, stearinsyre (99 g) (a) The batch was heated to 110°C, stearic acid (99 g)
ble deretter tilsatt, og blandingen ble omrørt i 15 min. was then added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 min.
(b) 2-etylheksanol (190 g) ble tilsatt ved 100-110°C. (b) 2-ethylhexanol (190 g) was added at 100-110°C.
(c) Kalk (66 g) ble tilsatt ved 100°C/50,8 mm Hg vakuum. (d) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 145°C/254 mm Hg, og etylenglykol (32 g) ble tilsatt i løpet av 20 min. (e) Blandingen ble holdt i 5 min. ved 145°C/254 mm Hg, (c) Lime (66 g) was added at 100°C/50.8 mm Hg vacuum. (d) The mixture was heated to 145°C/254 mm Hg and ethylene glycol (32 g) was added over 20 min. (e) The mixture was kept for 5 min. at 145°C/254 mm Hg,
(f) Karbondioksyd (66 g) ble tilsatt ved 145°C, (f) Carbon dioxide (66 g) was added at 145°C,
(g) Produktet ble strippet ved 200°C/762 mm Hg, og (g) The product was stripped at 200°C/762 mm Hg, and
(h) produktet ble filtrert. Filtreringshastigheten var (h) the product was filtered. The filtration rate was
langsom. slow.
Produktvekter Product weights
Dette eksempelet viser at det er mulig å fremstille et konsentrat med høy TBN-verdi som har en lav viskositet ved et stearinsyreinnhold på 24,9$ vekt/vekt. This example shows that it is possible to produce a concentrate with a high TBN value which has a low viscosity at a stearic acid content of 24.9% w/w.
Sammenligningstest 1 Comparison test 1
Sats: Som for eksempel 3 Rate: Like for example 3
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3 unntatt at tilsetningen av etylenglykol i trinn (d) ble sløyfet. As for example 3 except that the addition of ethylene glycol in step (d) was omitted.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten i trinn (h) var langsom. The filtration rate in step (h) was slow.
Dette er ikke et eksempel ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, og er innbefattet for de formål å demonstrere at tilstedeværel-sen av en komponent (C) er vesentlig for ytelsesevnen til foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This is not an example according to the present invention, and is included for the purposes of demonstrating that the presence of a component (C) is essential for the performance of the present method.
Eksempel 9 Example 9
Sats: Som for eksempel 3 Rate: Like for example 3
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3 unntatt at etylenglykoltilsetningen i trinn (d) ble redusert fra 32 g til 16 g. As for example 3 except that the ethylene glycol addition in step (d) was reduced from 32 g to 16 g.
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten i trinn (h) var langsom. Dette eksempelet viser at tilsetningen av etylenglykol kan reduseres med 50$ sammenlignert med eksempel 3. The filtration rate in step (h) was slow. This example shows that the addition of ethylene glycol can be reduced by $50 compared to example 3.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3 unntatt at i trinn (b) ble det istedenfor 2-etylheksanol (190 g) tilsatt metyldiglykol (130 g), og i trinn (d) ble tilsetningen av etylenglykol sløyfet. As in example 3 except that in step (b) methyl diglycol (130 g) was added instead of 2-ethylhexanol (190 g), and in step (d) the addition of ethylene glycol was omitted.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten i trinn (h) var hurtig. The filtration rate in step (h) was fast.
Dette eksempelet viser at metyldiglykol er effektiv som komponent (C). This example shows that methyl diglycol is effective as component (C).
Eksempel 11 Example 11
Sats: Som for eksempel 3 Rate: Like for example 3
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3 unntatt at 1 trinn (d) var trykket 270 mm Hg. As for example 3 except that 1 stage (d) the pressure was 270 mm Hg.
Produktvekt Product weight
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Eksempel 12 Example 12
Sats: Som for eksempel 3 Rate: Like for example 3
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 3, unntatt at istedenfor 190 g 2-etylheksanol ble det benyttet 40 g. As for example 3, except that instead of 190 g of 2-ethylhexanol, 40 g was used.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Eksempel 13 Product composition after filtration Example 13
Metode Method
(a) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 145-165°C/700 mm Hg (a) The mixture was heated to 145-165°C/700 mm Hg
under tilsetning av etylenglykol (32 g). while adding ethylene glycol (32 g).
(b) Blanding ble holdt i 30 min. ved 165°C/700 mm Hg. (b) Mixing was held for 30 min. at 165°C/700 mm Hg.
(c) C02 (38 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C/1 bar. (c) CO 2 (38 g) was added at 165°C/1 bar.
(d) Blandingen ble avkjølt til 120°C, og 2-etylheksanol (d) The mixture was cooled to 120°C, and 2-ethylhexanol
(100 g) ble tilsatt. (100 g) was added.
(e) Kalk (66 g) ble tilsatt. (e) Lime (66 g) was added.
(f) Blandingen ble holdt ved 165°C/700mm Hg i 5 min. (f) The mixture was held at 165°C/700mm Hg for 5 min.
(g) Karbondioksyd (66 g) ble tilsatt. (g) Carbon dioxide (66 g) was added.
(h) Oppløsningsmiddelet "ble gjenvunnet ved stripping ved (h) The solvent “was recovered by stripping wood
200°C/10 mm Hg. 200°C/10 mm Hg.
(i) Produktet ble filtrert. (i) The product was filtered.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten i trinn (i) var hurtig. The filtration rate in step (i) was rapid.
Dette eksempelet viser at en smøreolje kan estattes med et alfa-olefin med lang karbonkjede (i dette tilfelle C-^g). This example shows that a lubricating oil can be substituted with a long carbon chain alpha-olefin (in this case C-^g).
Eksempel 14 Example 14
Metode Method
(a) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 100°C, stearinsyre (63 g) ble tilsatt, og blandingen ble omrørt i 15 min. (a) The mixture was heated to 100°C, stearic acid (63 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 15 min.
(b) 2-etylheksanol (194 g) ble tilsatt ved 100-110°C. (b) 2-Ethylhexanol (194 g) was added at 100-110°C.
(c) Kalk (66 g) ble tilsatt ved 110°c/50,8 mm Hg vakuum. (d) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 145°C/254 mm Hg, og ettylenglykol (32 g) ble tilsatt i løpet av 20 min. (e) Blandingen ble holdt i 5 min. ved 145°C/254 mm Hg. (c) Lime (66 g) was added at 110°C/50.8 mm Hg vacuum. (d) The mixture was heated to 145°C/254 mm Hg and ethylene glycol (32 g) was added over 20 min. (e) The mixture was kept for 5 min. at 145°C/254 mm Hg.
(f) Karbondioksyd (66 g) ble tilsatt. (f) Carbon dioxide (66 g) was added.
(g) Produktet ble strippet ved 200°C/762 mm Hg. (g) The product was stripped at 200°C/762 mm Hg.
(h) Produktet ble filtrert. (h) The product was filtered.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at forsvovlede kalsiumalkylfenater avledet fra en blanding av Ci2</C>22</>C24 alkylfenoler kan forbedres . This example shows that sulfurized calcium alkylphenates derived from a mixture of Ci2</C>22</>C24 alkylphenols can be improved.
Eksempel 15 Example 15
Metode Method
(a) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 120°C. (a) The mixture was heated to 120°C.
(b) Kalk (43 g) ble tilsatt ved 120°C/50,8 mm Hg vakuum. (c) Etylenglykol (32 g) ble tilsatt ved 145-165°C/50,8 mm (b) Lime (43 g) was added at 120°C/50.8 mm Hg vacuum. (c) Ethylene glycol (32 g) was added at 145-165°C/50.8 mm
Hg. Hg.
(d) Blandingen ble holdt ved 165°C/50,8 mm Hg i 1 time. (d) The mixture was held at 165°C/50.8 mm Hg for 1 hour.
(e) Karbondioksyd (44 g) ble tilsatt. (e) Carbon dioxide (44 g) was added.
(f) Blandingen ble avkjølt til 130°C, og kalk (29 g) ble (f) The mixture was cooled to 130°C and lime (29 g) was
tilsatt ved 130°C/50,8 mm Hg. added at 130°C/50.8 mm Hg.
(g) Blandingen ble holdt ved 165°C/50,8 mm i 1 time. (g) The mixture was held at 165°C/50.8 mm for 1 hour.
(h) Talk (22 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C. (h) Talc (22 g) was added at 165°C.
(i) Produktet ble strippet ved 200°C/62 mm Hg. (i) The product was stripped at 200°C/62 mm Hg.
(j) Produktet ble filtrert. (j) The product was filtered.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at rapstoppfettsyre kan benyttes i foreliggende fremgangmåte. This example shows that rapeseed fatty acid can be used in the present process.
Eksempel 16 Example 16
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 2 unntatt at i trinn (a) ble det istedenfor stearinsyre (63 g) benyttet talloljefettsyre (63 g). As in example 2 except that in step (a) tall oil fatty acid (63 g) was used instead of stearic acid (63 g).
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at talloljefettsyre kan benyttes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that tall oil fatty acid can be used in the present method.
Eksempel 17 Example 17
Sats: Som for eksempel 16 Rate: Like, for example, 16
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 16 med unntagelse for at istedenfor talloljefettsyre (63 g) ble det benyttet en blanding av 52 g polyisobutenravsyreanhydrid (PIBSA) i SN 100 smøreolje (TBN = 60 mg KOH/g) og stearin syre (47 g). As for example 16 with the exception that instead of tall oil fatty acid (63 g) a mixture of 52 g polyisobutenesuccinic anhydride (PIBSA) in SN 100 lubricating oil (TBN = 60 mg KOH/g) and stearic acid (47 g) was used.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at karboksylsyren kan delvis erstat-tes med PIBSA i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that the carboxylic acid can be partially replaced with PIBSA in the present method.
Eksempel 18 Example 18
Sats: Som for eksempel 16 Rate: Like, for example, 16
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 16 unntatt at istedenfor talloljefettsyre (63 g) ble det benyttet beheninsyre (63 g). As for example 16 except that instead of tall oil fatty acid (63 g) behenic acid (63 g) was used.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at beheninsyre kan benyttes som karboksylsyren i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that behenic acid can be used as the carboxylic acid in the present method.
Eksempel 19 Example 19
Sats: Som for eksempel 15 unntatt at istedenfor rapstoppfettsyre (62 g) ble det benyttet palmitinsyre (56,2 g). Batch: As for example 15 except that instead of rapeseed fatty acid (62 g) palmitic acid (56.2 g) was used.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 15 unntatt at trinn (f), (g) og (h) ble sløyfet. As for example 15 except that steps (f), (g) and (h) were omitted.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at palmitinsyre kan benyttes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that palmitic acid can be used in the present method.
Eksempel 20 Example 20
Sats: Som for eksempel 15 Rate: Like, for example, 15
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 15 unntatt at trinn (f), (g) og (h) ble sløyfet. As for example 15 except that steps (f), (g) and (h) were omitted.
Produktvekter: Product weights:
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Sammenligningstest 2 Product composition after filtration Comparison test 2
Metode Method
(a) Blandingen ble oppvarmet til 100°C og 2-etylheksanol (a) The mixture was heated to 100°C and 2-ethylhexanol
(190 g) ble tilsatt. (190 g) was added.
(b) Eddiksyre (14 g) ble tilsatt. (b) Acetic acid (14 g) was added.
(c) Blandingen ble tykk og heterogen og antok en grønn farge. Omrøring var ineffektiv. Reaksjonen ble stoppet. (c) The mixture became thick and heterogeneous and assumed a green color. Agitation was ineffective. The reaction was stopped.
Denne testen er ikke et eksempel ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse, og er inkludert bare for det formål å vise at lavere karboksylsyrer, i dette tilfelle eddiksyre, ikke kan benyttes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte . This test is not an example according to the present invention, and is included only for the purpose of showing that lower carboxylic acids, in this case acetic acid, cannot be used in the present method.
Eksempel 21 Example 21
Sats: Som for eksempel 16 unntatt at istedenfor det kommersielt tilgjengelige forsvovlede kalsiumalkylfenat ble det benyttet et ukarbonert kommersielt tilgjengelig, forsvovlet kalsium C12-<C>18<a>lkylfenat (145 TBN). Batch: As for example 16 except that instead of the commercially available sulphurised calcium alkylphenate an uncarbonated commercially available sulphurised calcium C12-<C>18<a>alkylphenate (145 TBN) was used.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 16 unntatt at i trinn (c) ble mengden av kalk øket fra 66 g til 83 g, og i trinn (f) ble mengden av karbondioksyd øket fra 66 g til 83 g. As for example 16 except that in step (c) the amount of lime was increased from 66 g to 83 g, and in step (f) the amount of carbon dioxide was increased from 66 g to 83 g.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at et ukarbonert, forsvovlet kalsiumalkylfenat med lav innledende TBN-verdi kan benyttes i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that an uncarbonated, sulphurised calcium alkylphenate with a low initial TBN value can be used in the present process.
Eksempel 22 Example 22
Sats: Et karbonert forsvovlet Batch: A carbonated desulphurised
Metode Method
(a) Blandingen ble oppvarmet fra 145 til 165°C/700 mm Hg (a) The mixture was heated from 145 to 165°C/700 mm Hg
under tilsetning av etylenglykol (32 g). while adding ethylene glycol (32 g).
(b) Blandingen ble holdt ved 165°C/700mm Hg i 330 min. (b) The mixture was held at 165°C/700 mm Hg for 330 min.
(c) Karbondioksyd (38 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C/1 bar. (c) Carbon dioxide (38 g) was added at 165°C/1 bar.
(d) Blandingen ble avkjølt til 120°C, og 2-etylheksanol (d) The mixture was cooled to 120°C, and 2-ethylhexanol
(100 g) og kalk (76 g) ble tilsatt. (100 g) and lime (76 g) were added.
(e) Blandingen ble holdt i 60 min. ved 165°C/700 mm hg. (e) The mixture was kept for 60 min. at 165°C/700 mm hg.
(f) Karbondioksyd (82 g) ble tilsatt ved 165°C/1 bar. (f) Carbon dioxide (82 g) was added at 165°C/1 bar.
(g) Oppløsningsmiddel ble gjenvunnet ved 200°C/10 mm Hg, (g) Solvent was recovered at 200°C/10 mm Hg,
og and
(h) produktet ble filtrert. (h) the product was filtered.
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Dette eksempelet viser at et forsvovlet kalsiumalkylfenat med lav (150) TBN-verdi kan forbedres til et produkt med høy TBN-verdi . This example shows that a desulfurized calcium alkylphenate with a low (150) TBN value can be improved to a high TBN value product.
Eksempel 23 Example 23
Sats: Som for eksempel 14 unntatt at istedenfor det forsvovlede kalsiumalkylfenat avledet fra en blanding av alkylfenoler, så ble det kommersielt tilgjengelige forsvovlede kalsiumalkylf enat avledet fra en C-^-alkylfenol (250 TBN) benyttet. Batch: As for example 14 except that instead of the sulphurised calcium alkyl phenate derived from a mixture of alkylphenols, the commercially available sulphurised calcium alkyl phenate derived from a C-4-alkylphenol (250 TBN) was used.
Metode Method
Som for eksempel 14 unntatt at i trinn (b) ble det istedenfor 2-etylheksanol (194 g) benyttet iso-heptanol (190 g), og i trinn (d) ble etylenglykolen tilsatt hurtig (i løpet av 1 min. ). As for example 14, except that in step (b) iso-heptanol (190 g) was used instead of 2-ethylhexanol (194 g), and in step (d) the ethylene glycol was added quickly (within 1 min.).
Produktvekter Product weights
Produktsammensetning etter filtrering Product composition after filtration
Filtreringshastigheten var hurtig. The filtration rate was fast.
Dette eksempelet viser at iso-heptanol kan benyttes som opp-løsningsmiddel i foreliggende fremgangsmåte. This example shows that iso-heptanol can be used as a solvent in the present method.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB868628609A GB8628609D0 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1986-11-29 | Lubricating oil additives |
PCT/GB1987/000848 WO1988003945A1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1987-11-26 | Sulphurised alkaline earth metal hydrocarbyl phenates, their production and use thereof |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO883349D0 NO883349D0 (en) | 1988-07-28 |
NO883349L NO883349L (en) | 1988-09-22 |
NO176147B true NO176147B (en) | 1994-10-31 |
NO176147C NO176147C (en) | 1995-02-08 |
Family
ID=10608200
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO883349A NO176147C (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1988-07-28 | Process for preparing an additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in lubricating oil |
NO883348A NO302763B1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1988-07-28 | Additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in a lubricating oil, and process for its preparation |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO883348A NO302763B1 (en) | 1986-11-29 | 1988-07-28 | Additive concentrate suitable for incorporation in a lubricating oil, and process for its preparation |
Country Status (20)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0273588B2 (en) |
JP (2) | JPH0631384B2 (en) |
KR (2) | KR960010991B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN1015642B (en) |
AT (2) | ATE79395T1 (en) |
AU (2) | AU609075B2 (en) |
BR (2) | BR8707551A (en) |
CA (2) | CA1305697C (en) |
DE (2) | DE3781118T3 (en) |
DK (2) | DK175287B1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2051751T3 (en) |
FI (2) | FI93653C (en) |
GB (1) | GB8628609D0 (en) |
GR (2) | GR3006075T3 (en) |
IN (2) | IN169547B (en) |
MX (2) | MX169106B (en) |
NO (2) | NO176147C (en) |
SG (2) | SG101092G (en) |
WO (2) | WO1988003944A1 (en) |
ZA (2) | ZA878939B (en) |
Families Citing this family (43)
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GB8628609D0 (en) * | 1986-11-29 | 1987-01-07 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil additives |
GB8814012D0 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1988-07-20 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Chemical process |
GB8814008D0 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1988-07-20 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil additives |
GB8814013D0 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1988-07-20 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Chemical process |
GB8814009D0 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1988-07-20 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil additives |
GB8814010D0 (en) * | 1988-06-14 | 1988-07-20 | Bp Chemicals Addivites Ltd | Lubricating oil additives |
EP0385616B1 (en) * | 1989-02-25 | 1994-06-01 | Bp Chemicals (Additives) Limited | A process for the production of a lubricating oil additive concentrate |
GB8917094D0 (en) * | 1989-07-26 | 1989-09-13 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Chemical process |
US5366648A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1994-11-22 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Functional fluids useful at high temperatures |
GB9213723D0 (en) * | 1992-06-27 | 1992-08-12 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Process for the production of lubricating oil additives |
TW277057B (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1996-06-01 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | |
JP2737096B2 (en) * | 1993-08-25 | 1998-04-08 | 株式会社コスモ総合研究所 | Method for producing overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal phenates |
GB9318810D0 (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1993-10-27 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Lubricating oil additives |
GB9325132D0 (en) * | 1993-12-08 | 1994-02-09 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil additives |
GB9400415D0 (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1994-03-09 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Detergent compositions |
GB9400417D0 (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1994-03-09 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil composition |
US6008166A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1999-12-28 | Lubrizol Adibis Holdings Limited | Detergent compositions |
GB9411093D0 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1994-07-27 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Detergent additives for lubricating oils, their preparation and use |
US5529705A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-06-25 | Chevron Chemical Company | Methods for preparing normal and overbased phenates |
CA2183906A1 (en) * | 1995-08-23 | 1997-02-24 | Christopher S. Fridia | Production of low fine sediment high tbn phenate stearate |
EP0778336A1 (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-06-11 | Cosmo Research Institute | Petroleum additive having excellent storage stability and heat stability comprising an alkaline earth metal salt of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid or a sulfurized mixture thereof. |
GB9611317D0 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1996-08-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Overbased metal-containing detergents |
GB9611424D0 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1996-08-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Overbased metal-containing detergents |
GB9611316D0 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1996-08-07 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Overbased metal-containing detergents |
US5728657A (en) * | 1996-08-20 | 1998-03-17 | Chevron Chemical Company | Production of low fine sediment high TBN phenate stearate |
EP0989178A4 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 2000-09-13 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho Kk | Lube oil composition, overbased alkaline earth metal sulfide pheneate concentrate used for preparing the same, and process for preparing the concentrate |
US5942476A (en) * | 1998-06-03 | 1999-08-24 | Chevron Chemical Company | Low-viscosity highly overbased phenate-carboxylate |
US6348438B1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2002-02-19 | Chevron Oronite S.A. | Production of high BN alkaline earth metal single-aromatic ring hydrocarbyl salicylate-carboxylate |
EP1710294B1 (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2013-03-06 | Infineum International Limited | A method of improving the stability or compatibility of a detergent |
EP1743933B1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2019-10-09 | Infineum International Limited | A use to improve the compatibility of an overbased detergent with friction modifiers in a lubricating oil composition |
US20080153723A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Diesel cylinder lubricant oil composition |
SG178205A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2012-03-29 | Lubrizol Corp | Asphaltene dispersant containing lubricating compositions |
CN102725385B (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2015-05-27 | 路博润公司 | Stabilized blends containing friction modifiers |
EP2507347A1 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-10-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Methods of controlling sulfur trioxide levels in internal combustion engines |
BR112012012891A2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2017-06-20 | Lubrizol Corp | stabilized mixtures containing friction modifiers. |
EP2655580B1 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2017-02-15 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing a detergent |
JP5784756B2 (en) | 2011-02-09 | 2015-09-24 | ザ ルブリゾル コーポレイションThe Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition containing asphaltene dispersant |
SG192724A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 | 2013-09-30 | Lubrizol Corp | Lubricants with good tbn retention |
ES2463417T3 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2014-05-27 | Infineum International Limited | Marine Engine Lubrication |
US9617496B2 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2017-04-11 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method for preparing a sulfurized alkaline earth metal dodecylphenate |
EP2674474B1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2015-09-09 | Infineum International Limited | Phenate detergent preparation |
WO2014172125A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 | 2014-10-23 | The Lubrizol Corporation | 2-stroke internal combustion engine cylinder liner lubricating composition |
KR102328525B1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2021-11-19 | 프랭크 나탈리 | Doped rare earth nitride materials and devices comprising same |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4328111A (en) * | 1978-11-20 | 1982-05-04 | Standard Oil Company (Indiana) | Modified overbased sulfonates and phenates |
BR8302526A (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1984-01-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | PROCESS TO PREPARE AN ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE FOR INCOROPORATION TO A LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION AND LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION |
ZA833532B (en) * | 1982-05-22 | 1984-12-24 | Orobis Ltd | Process for the production of either an alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate or a sulphurised alkaline earth metal alkyl phenate |
CA1246615A (en) * | 1982-05-22 | 1988-12-13 | Charles Cane | Process for the production of alkaline earth metal alkyl phenates |
FR2549080B1 (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1986-04-04 | Orogil | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF VERY HIGH ALKALINITY DETERGENT-DISPERSANT ADDITIVES BASED ON CALCIUM AND DETERGENT-DISPERSANT ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICATING OILS THUS OBTAINED |
GB8628609D0 (en) * | 1986-11-29 | 1987-01-07 | Bp Chemicals Additives | Lubricating oil additives |
-
1986
- 1986-11-29 GB GB868628609A patent/GB8628609D0/en active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-11-26 BR BR8707551A patent/BR8707551A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 DE DE3781118T patent/DE3781118T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-26 JP JP62507103A patent/JPH0631384B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-26 JP JP62507102A patent/JPH0631383B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-26 KR KR1019880700889A patent/KR960010991B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 BR BR8707550A patent/BR8707550A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 AU AU82372/87A patent/AU609075B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-11-26 AT AT87310460T patent/ATE79395T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 KR KR1019880700896A patent/KR960010992B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 EP EP87310461A patent/EP0273588B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-26 DE DE3781126T patent/DE3781126T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-11-26 WO PCT/GB1987/000847 patent/WO1988003944A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-11-26 WO PCT/GB1987/000848 patent/WO1988003945A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1987-11-26 EP EP87310460A patent/EP0271262B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-26 ES ES87310460T patent/ES2051751T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-26 AT AT87310461T patent/ATE79396T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-26 AU AU82380/87A patent/AU608792B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-11-26 ES ES87310461T patent/ES2051752T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-27 ZA ZA878939A patent/ZA878939B/en unknown
- 1987-11-27 CA CA000552953A patent/CA1305697C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-27 ZA ZA878938A patent/ZA878938B/en unknown
- 1987-11-27 CA CA000552952A patent/CA1305696C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-29 CN CN87108239A patent/CN1015642B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-11-29 CN CN87108344A patent/CN1012074B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-11-30 MX MX009654A patent/MX169106B/en unknown
- 1987-11-30 IN IN1018/DEL/87A patent/IN169547B/en unknown
- 1987-11-30 IN IN1019DE1987 patent/IN172581B/en unknown
- 1987-11-30 MX MX009636A patent/MX169105B/en unknown
-
1988
- 1988-07-25 FI FI883502A patent/FI93653C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-25 FI FI883503A patent/FI93654C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-27 DK DK198804198A patent/DK175287B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-07-27 DK DK419788A patent/DK419788D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-07-28 NO NO883349A patent/NO176147C/en unknown
- 1988-07-28 NO NO883348A patent/NO302763B1/en unknown
-
1992
- 1992-10-05 SG SG1010/92A patent/SG101092G/en unknown
- 1992-10-05 SG SG1011/92A patent/SG101192G/en unknown
- 1992-10-26 GR GR920402404T patent/GR3006075T3/el unknown
- 1992-10-29 GR GR920402433T patent/GR3006112T3/el unknown
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