MXPA99004966A - Building element - Google Patents

Abstract

A building element (1) comprising an outer sheath and an inner core, the sheath being formed of a material having a greater tensile strength than compressive strength and the core having a greater compressive strength than tensile strength;wherein the outer sheath is longitudinally extending and has a first face (7) and a second face (8) which are spaced apart, first (9) and second (21) edges and a first and second end;wherein the first face (7) and the second face (8) are joined at the first (9) and second (21) edges to form the outer sheath as a continuous body, and wherein the first edge (9) and the second edge (21) are so shaped that the first edge (9) of one such building element (1) is adapted to locate in the second edge (21) of another such building element (1).

Description

ELEMENT PE CONSTRUCTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a construction element. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There is a need for a light weight construction element that is straight that has structural integrity and that can be coupled with other similar lightweight construction elements to use wall construction panels and various structural components in building construction. buildings . It is an important consideration such that said structural elements have significant resistance and that they must have a reasonably high fire resistance. Classically in order to provide both the compressive strength and tensile strength required by the building elements, they have been provided with steel reinforcements (which have tensile strength) within the concrete (which has compressive strength). However, the resulting elements, due to the density of the concrete, have been heavy and not easily manipulated when they are manufactured in the form of prefabricated panels, columns and the like. This problem of the weight of steel mixed in concrete structures is not resolved by using a low density material such as aerated concrete that carries the compressive loads. This is because concrete reinforced with steel depends on the bond between the concrete and the steel reinforcement. This bonding effect is not possible with the aerated concrete. The light weight of the aerated concrete is achieved by the presence of air pockets within the mass of the concrete. The presence of these air pockets results in a lower bond area of the steel with the concrete, and the bonding is less effective. Similar difficulties exist to obtain the adhesion or union between the steel of reinforcement and other alternatives for the conventional concrete of light weight. COMPENDIUM OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a construction element comprising a liner and an inner core, and are capable of carrying both tension loads and compression loads without any connection between the outer liner and the inner core. The liner is formed of a material that has a tensile strength greater than the compressive strength; and the core is formed of a material that has: a compressive strength greater than the tensile strength; and a density of less than 1,200 kg / cubic meter; wherein the outer liner is extended longitudinally and has a first face and a second face that are separate, first and second edges and a first end and a second end, wherein the first face and the second face are joined to the first and second edges to form the outer liner as a continuous body, and wherein the first edge and the second edge are shaped so that the first edge of said construction element is adapted to be placed on the second edge of another construction element. PREFERRED ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION Preferably, the first end and the second end are thus formed so that the first end of one of said construction elements is adapted to engage with the second end of such other construction elements. However, flat ends may be acceptable in some cases. Preferably the liner comprises at least two components that can be interengaged with one another to form the liner. In one example the liner comprises four components. In the last example, two components define the faces and two components define the edges. A plurality of said construction elements can be assembled edge to edge to form walls, floors, ceilings, coatings or other parts of a construction. The construction elements can be extended horizontally, vertically or as desired.

The material with which the liner is formed only needs to satisfy the tensile strength requirement. Suitable materials for the liner include hardened steel, light tensile steel, carbon fiber materials, extruded materials, mixed synthetic-cement plastic fiber, and asbestos cement or its modern substituents.

The material with which the core is formed only needs to satisfy the requirements of compressive strength. However, the core material desirably has a fire resistance substantially greater than the liner material. The preferred material of the core is a cementitious material. On alternative core material is a material not resistant to fire of low density, which has a degree of resistance to compression. Foamed plastics can be used, e.g. polystyrene, and other materials such as recycled paper and recycled plastics. A more preferred cementitious material is a lightweight concrete. An adequate concrete is an aerated concrete. The aerated concrete has a density of 200-1200 kg / cubic meter, and although it is referred to in the art as "concrete" it is not strictly concrete because it does not contain aggregates.

Desirably, the space between the first edge and the second edge does not exceed 450 mm, with 200-300 mm being preferred. The spacing between the first and second faces depends on the loads designed for the construction element. These edges may be very closely spaced, and as a practical matter their maximum spacing is different from that which exceeds 150 mm, depending on the application. Preferably the first face and the second face and / or the first edge and the second edge are joined by at least one core located intermediate the edges. At least one soul is preferably open. The latter has a number of advantages that include the amount of material that is reduced in the core, so that the core material on one side of the core is integrally connected with the core material on the other side of the core, so as to reduce the amount of material available for heat conduction, as a stabilizer in manufacturing and to provide a continuous tension lining that allows resistance loads at the point to transfer them to the outer shell. Several souls can be used. The length of the construction element is not critical but for practical uses it is different because it exceeds 8 meters. In a preferred aspect the present invention provides a building element comprising an outer skin and an inner core, and is capable of carrying either of the two stress and compression loads without adhesion between the outer skin and the core. internally, the liner is formed of a material that has tensile strength greater than the compressive strength; and the core is formed of a material that has: a compressive strength greater than the tensile strength; and a density of less than 1,200 kg / cubic meter; wherein the first edge and the second edge are shaped so that the first edge of one of said construction elements is adapted to be located on the second edge of the other construction element and where, when so placed, the core material of said panel is separated no more than 3 mm from the core material of said other panel. Preferably the spacing of the core material of said first panel and the core material of said other panel does not exceed 1 mm. Preferably the first edge defines a tongue and the second edge defines a groove. Preferably the core material extends towards the tongue. The core material may extend into the portion of the liner that defines the groove but this is not preferred. Preferably the groove has a depth that exceeds the first and second faces of said construction element when the tongue is inserted into the groove of the other construction element. Preferably the construction element, in the region of the groove, has a groove width, measured between the first face and the second face, of approximately the spacing of the first face and the second face minus four times the thickness of the material of the liner. The specific embodiments of the building elements according to this invention according to how they are applied to the building panels will now be described in a non-limiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view through a construction panel; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view through another construction panel, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the component parts used to make the building panel of Figure 2, Figure 4 shows various panels of construction in isometric view, Figure 5 shows several construction panels in isometric view, Figure 6 shows several construction panels in isometric view, Figure 7 shows several construction panels in an extreme view, Figure 8 shows several construction panels in an extreme view, Figure 9 shows a wall element using some previously mentioned building panels. Figure 10 shows a wall element using some of the construction panels previously referred to. Figure 11 shows carpentry members that can be used in certain circumstances, Figure 12 is a wall element comprising certain construction panels previously referred to. Figure 13 shows a wall element comprising several construction panels previously shown. Figure 14 shows a wall element comprising several of the construction panels shown previously. Figure 15 shows a wall element comprising several construction panels previously shown. Figure 16 shows alternative construction panels, Figure 17 shows alternative building panels in these examples with openings having internal webs, Figure 18 shows various building panels, Figure 19 shows another building panel, Figure 20 shows various building panels, Figure 21 shows elements used to make a building panel, Figure 22 is a drawing of the components of another building element, Figure 23 is a drawing of the components of Figure 22 in assembled form, Figure 24 shows a cross section of the wall , Figure 25 shows a section of the floor with one side omitted, Figure 26 shows a floor panel with all sides intact, and Figure 27 shows additional sections. LIST NUMBER 1. Construction panel 2. External cladding 3. Core 4. Portion aj of the panel 6. Portion kn of the panel 7. First side 8. Second side 9. First edge 21. Second edge 22. Tab 23. Slot 26 Construction panel 27. Component 28.Component 31. Panel 32. First end 33. Second end DETAILED DESCRIPTION WITH RESPECT TO THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 shows a construction panel 1 comprising an external liner 2 and a core 3. The outer liner 2 is made of metal in a preferred form although other materials may be used. The core 3 is made of lightweight concrete in a preferred form although other materials may be employed. The construction panel 1 comprises a panel portion 4 extending from a-j and a panel portion 6 extending from k-n. The panel portions 4 and 6 are corrugated together in order to make a whole. The construction panel 1 has a first face 7 and a second face 8. The construction panel 1 also has a first edge 9 and a second edge 21. The edges are thus formed in order to define a tongue 22 and a groove 23.

When another such panel as shown in Figure 1 is brought into juxtaposition with the construction panel 1, the appropriate tab can enter the appropriate slot and will result in a sturdy construction. Further, the thickness of the outer cover is thus selected so that it is desirable that the cores of the two building panels are not more than 1 mm apart from each other. This will give resistance to the superior fire. As a consequence, the construction panel 1 is of a sturdy construction and is suitable for extensive use in the construction industry to form walls, floors, ceilings and other components of a construction. For example, when the panel is used in a wall construction, the core 3 carries any vertical compression loads on the wall. Any stress loads on the panel force laterally that are carried by the liner 2. As will be seen, the construction panel 1 is comprised of two components being only in the panel portion 4 and in the panel portion 6. The building panel 26 shown in Figure 2 comprises four components 28 and 29 but it is not noted that two of the components 28 are identical with each other and the other two components 27 are also identical with one another. The building panels according to this invention can take shapes and configurations of many sizes and form some of which are illustrated in Figure 6 and others are illustrated in Figures 7 and 8. With reference to articles 27, 28 and 29 in Figure 8, these are of substantial size and can be used to carry loads. Various walls or other structures can be made from the building panels of this invention and some of these are illustrated in Figures 9 and 10. In order to cover the upper ends or the ends of the sheets constructed of a number of building panels. , various finishing members can be used such as is illustrated in Figure 11. Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15 show other construction that can be made. Figure 16 shows still other forms of construction panels in which the tongue, at least, it is opened so that the core material can be brought into intimate contact with an adjacent building panel. Figure 17 also shows construction panels where there are intermediate webs that are open. Figure 18 shows constructions similar to those of Figure 17. Figure 19 shows a panel 31 having a first end 32 and a second end 33.

In this example the first end 32 and the second end 33 are thus shaped so as to allow the panel to be joined end to end with a light panel or to make right angle intersections with a light panel. Figure 20 further shows panels in this example that have internal cores or webs to provide strength.

Figure 21 shows still an additional construction panel where the edges are open. Figure 22 is a drawing of the components of another construction element. The liner used in the construction panel of the present invention is preferably approximately 0.5 mm. thick though it can be used thicker or thinner. The building panels of the present invention are excellent in building construction and tend to be pointed sides particularly when the components extend at right angles to other components. The building panels also have excellent strength so that the outer lining provides tensile strength while the inner core provides compressive strength and due to the continuous nature of the outer lining, this product thus allows a composite action although not it requires that they adhere to each other.

The mechanism by which the liner and the core interact when loaded to create this composite action that can be illustrated in consideration of the distribution of forces when a panel such as panel 1 of Figure 1 is loaded with a load in the form lateral that is pushed against the face 8. Said load applied to the panel reinforced with conventional steel would tend to cause the panel to bend, placing the concrete material adjacent to the face 8 by compression and the face of adjacent concrete material 8 by compression and the adjacent steel of concrete material 7 by tension, tend to cause failure to the tension adjacent to the face 7. That load in lateral form also tend to make two edges 9 and 21 to move out of the parallel which makes the point f on the edge 21 and the point 1 on the edge 9 to move away from each other, and make the point on the edge 21 and the point m on the edge 9 move towards each other. However, when said load is applied to the panel of the present invention, the presence of the external liner 2 causes the liner to place a compressive load on the core 3 which tends to avoid points 1 and 5 of the movement outwardly from each other. Conversely, the liner 2 is then under a tension load. The liner 2 can be considered, in effect, to act as reinforcement material with the core 3 by a mechanism that does not require adhesion between the liner 2 and the core 3.

Due to the particular construction and the substantial absence of substantial air spaces, the building panels are expected to have a high fire rating. In addition, in those examples where there are whole souls, it is anticipated that the valuation to fire would still be greater.

Claims (11)

1. CLAIMS 1. A construction element comprising an outer shell and an inner core, and which is capable of carrying either tension loads or compression loads without adhesion between the outer shell and the inner core. The shell is formed of a material that has greater resistance to stress than the region under compression; and the core is formed of a material that has: a greater resistance to compression than the tensile strength; and a density of less than 1,200 kg / cubic meter; wherein the outer liner extends longitudinally and has a first face and a second face that are separate, first and second edges and a first end and a second end, wherein the first face and the second face are connected with the first and second ends edges to form the outer lining as a continuous body, and wherein the first edge and the second edge thus formed so that the first edge of the first of said construction elements is adapted to be located at the second edge of the other of said elements of construction. A construction element as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first end and the second end are so shaped that the first end of the first construction element is adapted to be coupled with the second end of another said construction elements. 3. A construction element according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the liner comprises at least two components that can be interengaged with one another to form the liner. . A construction element in accordance with that claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the liner comprises four components. 5. A construction element in accordance with that claimed in claim 4, wherein two components define the faces and two according to the above define the edges. 6. A construction element as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the lining is formed of mild steel, high tension steel, carbon fiber materials, extruded materials, cement fiber composite - synthetic plastic and cement with asbestos or modern substitution of them. 7. A construction element according to claim 1 in any preceding claim, wherein the core is formed of a cementitious or gypsum material. 8. A construction element according to claim 7, wherein the core is formed of a material having a density of 200 to 200 kg / cubic m. 9. A construction element according to claim 1 in any preceding claim, wherein the first face and the second face and / or the first edge and the second edge are linked by means of the monos an intermediate core located at the edges. 10. A construction element as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least one core is preferably open. 11. A building element comprising an outer shell and an inner core, and capable of carrying either tension loads or compression loads without adhesion between the outer shell and the inner core, the shell is formed of a material which has greater resistance to tension than resistance to compression; and the core is formed of a material that it has; greater resistance to compression than tensile strength; and a density of less than 1,200 kg / cubic meter; wherein the outer liner extends longitudinally and has a first face and a second face that are separate, first and second edges and a first end and a second end and wherein the first edge and the second edge are thus shaped so that the The first edge of one such construction element is adapted to be located at the second edge of another construction element and where, when so placed, the core material of said other panel is separated no more than 3 mm from the core material. of another construction element.