MXPA96006548A - Grade based pest carnada - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which comprises: 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent acephate, and 95 to 99.99 weight percent fat-based carrier comprising a mixture of a solid fat and a liquid fat

Description

GREASE-BASED PEST CARNADA Field of the Invention 5 This invention relates to a fat-based pest bait substantially free of water to control insects, such as, for example, cockroaches, ants, termites, flies, etc. > : Background of the Invention Historically, toxic baits to control crawling insects, such as cockroaches, have been based on water. With cockroaches especially, it is presumed that water is necessary for proper functioning of the bait. Unfortunately, water-based bait products rapidly lose their effectiveness due to water loss, rancidity, decomposition of active ingredients, and other factors. Studies of water-based pulp baits have confirmed that the water loss, the repellent properties of the active ingredients, and the insecticide resistance, are the most important factors that affect the operation of the bait, Appel, A.G. J. Econ Ento ol 85 (4): 1176.1183 (1992), Robinson, W.H. Proceedings of the National Conference on Urban Entomoloqy 77-91 (1992), and Rust, N.K. "Managing Household Pests", in Advances in Urban Pest Management, G.W. Bennett and M. Owens (eds), Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York 335-368 (1986). The above problems have been solved by the development of upper baits that have fat-based suspensions, designed to be applied, for example, as slurries to cracks and grooves to control cockroaches, ants, and other insects. These fat-based baits have the advantage of superior durability with a prologue appeal and stability of the active and inert ingredients. Baits based on grease have the additional advantage of water repellency, allowing durability in excessively humid environments.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the foregoing, the present invention is an insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which consists essentially of an effective amount of insecticide mixed with a carrier based on fat. A second aspect of the present invention is an insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which comprises: from about 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent acephate, and from about 95 to 99.99 weight percent of a carrier based on fat. A third aspect of the present invention is an insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which comprises: from about 5 to 60 weight percent boric acid, and from about 40 to 95 weight percent Weight of a carrier based on fat. Finally, the fourth aspect of the present invention is a method for controlling insect pests, which comprises applying to the areas to be controlled, a paste substantially free of water consisting essentially of an effective amount of insecticide and a carrier based on in fat.

Description of the Drawings Figure 1 is a graph of the average cumulative percentage of cockroach annihilation, influenced by a boric acid-based boric acid bait product and two waterborne boric acid bait products (n = 4, where n = number of replicas). Exposure to these bait products is continuous and is supplemented with alternative feed and water. Figure 2 is a graph of the average cumulative percentage of annihilation of cockroaches, influenced by bait products based on acephate fat at different concentrations of acephate (n = 4). A single exposure to the bait was followed by recovery with food and water. Figure 3 is a graph of the average cumulative percentage of annihilation of cockroaches from exposure to fat-based bait products of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos at different concentrations (n = 4). A single exposure to the bait was followed by recovery with food and water.

Detailed Description of the Invention The fat-based baits of the present invention are preferably used in the form of a paste, and are substantially free of water. These fat-based baits can be modified in manufacturing to form a variety of different formulations and textures in addition to pastes, for example, granules, dry powders, beads, and the like. The use of the composition in form within a container or not in a container, is designed against a wide variety of pests, such as and including a wide variety of insects, such as but not limited to, cockroaches, ants, crickets, termites, flies, and the like. Since the present invention relates to the concept of a formulation that is essentially fat based, and substantially free of water, it can include any insecticide in this composition. Examples of the active ingredients include compounds of the following classes of insecticides: 1-organophosphates, for example, acephate, chlorpyrifos, or diazinone; 2 - mineral acids, for example, boric acid; 3 - carbamates, for example propoxur, 2- (1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl) phenyl-N-methyl carbamate, or o-isopropoxy-phenylmethyl carbamate; 4 - pyrethroids, for example cyfluthrin; 5-amidinohydrazones, for example hydramethylnonone; 6 - avermectins, for example abamectin; 7 - chlorinated hydrocarbons, for example, lindane, and combinations of the above with known synergists such as carbamates or pyrethroids, for example, o-isopropoxy-phenylmethyl carbamate, or 2- (1,3-dioxolan-2-yl carbamate ) phenyl-N-methyl, can be combined with piperonyl butoxide or bis- (2, 2-butoxyethoxy) ethylacetal of piperonal. The term "fat-based" as used throughout this application, including in the claims, refers to the fact that a larger portion of the composition contains fats present as glycerides, and which fall within a definition of fats as "a glycerol ester of fatty acids: fats are generally substances of plant and animal origin.The fat can be in a solid form, such as tallow, butter, butter, margarine, or other fats, or in liquid form, for example , like vegetable oils. " Certain plant agents can also be solid depending on the degree of hydrogenation or saturation. The glycerol esters are predominantly of the triglyceride type; vegetable oils and fats may also contain some di- and even mono-glycerides. The fatty acid component of vegetable fats and oils covers the range of fatty acids containing from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, primarily on the scale of 12 to 18 carbon atoms. Although most of the fatty acid content is saturated linear alkanoic acid, some of the fatty acid content may be unsaturated, as exemplified by oleic and linoleic acid. Examples of preferred fats and oils used in the present invention with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil comprising mixtures of soybean oil and cottonseed in the form of solid or liquid flakes, partially hydronated cottonseed oil in solid form , partially hydrogenated soybean oil in solid form, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil containing a mixture of palm kernel and coconut oil in liquid form, partially hydrogenated non-vegetable coconut oil in the form of liquid plastic, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil in liquid flake form comprising a mixture of palm seed and cottonseed with lecithin, hydrogenated cottonseed oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated soy bean oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil in liquid form containing an oil mixture of rape seed, cottonseed, and bean ya, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil containing a mixture of soybean and palm oil with vegetable mono- and di-glycerides and Tween 60K, in plastic form, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil containing soybeans, cottonseed with vegetable mono- and di-glycerides in plastic form, vegetable oil partially hydrogenated in paste or margarine type in a form containing a mixture of oils of soybeans and cottonseed with water, salt, non-fat milk, lecithin, mono- and di-glycerides, sodium benzoate, artificial color, artificial flavor, vitamin A palmitate, soybean oil, oil corn, coconut oil, mono- and di-glycerides, ethoxylated mono- and di-glycerides, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, and polyglycerol as fatty acids. The term "fat-based carrier" used throughout the specification and in the claims refers to the composition of the present invention without the active ingredient, the insecticide. The carrier is the diluent, excipient, or matrix that contains, protects, supports, or envelops the insecticide. Accordingly, the "fat-based carrier" includes as the essential and main component, the fats defined above, but may also contain, if desired, preservatives, flow agents, and the like. The "carrier based on fat" may also contain attractants and stimulants of the diet, depending on the objective pest. Feeding stimulants are, for example, carbohydrates, carbohydrate complexes. Examples of the carbohydrates are maltodextrins and the like; the carbohydrate complexes are corn syrup solids, protein such as yeast extracts, milk solids, sugars such as sucrose, glucose, fructose, starches such as corn, potato, and the like. Examples of the attractants are odorants and flavorings such as, for example, cyclotens and the like, plant extracts such as fenugreek and the like, alcohols such as ethanol, or a volatile ester in combination with ethanol. The volatile ester is made from a combination of an alcohol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms branched or unbranched with a carboxylic acid of 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Lower alcohols useful in the manufacture of the volatile ester co-attractants of the invention include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, normal butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, normal amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, tertiary amyl alcohol, normal hexyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof, etc. Carboxylic acids useful in the manufacture of the ester attractant of the invention include acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, mixtures thereof, and others. The associated reactive analogs of the respective carboxylic acids can be used, for example, the acid chloride or the acid anhydride. The preferred volatile ester for use in a lower alcohol acetate ester such as normal amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, normal propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, or mixtures thereof. Some of the ingredients may overlap in the categories, as they may be both attractants and food stimulants, for example, the proteins mentioned above, odorants, and flavorings. Although any insecticide can be used in the present invention, including the classes of insecticides defined above, those particularly named among the classes constitute the preferred embodiments. An effective amount of insecticide can vary depending on the choice of the insecticide and the objective pest. For example, for the classes of insecticides defined above, with the exception of boric acid, an effective amount of insecticides may be as low as about 0.001 weight percent of the composition. Accordingly, a range of these insecticides to provide an effective amount can be from about 0.001 weight percent to about 5.0 weight percent. More acephate, chlorpyrifos, and boric acids are preferred, with the most preferred being acephate. Acephate is a fine crystalline powder that is soluble in water, and can easily be incorporated into a fat that forms a suspension or paste. Acephate is also recommended as an active ingredient, since insecticide resistance is not known, and it has very low repellency and toxicity for mammals. Chlorpyrifos is also commercially available in microencapsulated form, and this most preferred chlorpyrifos formulation can also be easily incorporated into a fat that forms a slurry or slurry. These formulations are very fast acting and durable. Accordingly, a preferred embodiment includes an insecticidal composition substantially free of water comprising from about 0.001 to 5.0 weight percent acephate or chlorpyrifos, and from about 95 to 99.99 weight percent of a fat based carrier. A more preferred composition comprises from about 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent of acephate or chlorpyrifos, and from about 95 to 99.9 weight percent of a fat-based carrier. Another preferred embodiment is an insecticidal composition substantially free of water comprising from about 5 to 60 weight percent boric acid, and from about 40 to 95 weight percent of a fat based carrier. As an example of a preferred insecticidal fat-based bait formulation, other than boric acid, the following ingredients and scales are representative: from about 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent acetate or chlorpyrifos; from about 5.0 to 50.0 weight percent hydrogenated soybean oil; from about 20.0 to 50.0 weight percent soybean oil in liquid form; from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent sucrose; from about 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent of BHT (conservative); from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent corn syrup solids; from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent maltodextrins; from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent yeast extract; from about 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of fenugreek extract. With the exception of the active ingredient and fats, the remaining ingredients mentioned above are optional components in the compositions. Any one or more of these ingredients may, but need not, be present in the compositions. As an example of a fat-based bait formulation of boric acid, the following representative scales are also preferred for the compositions: from about 5.0 to 60 weight percent of boric acid; from about 5 to 50.0 weight percent of a hydrogenated soybean oil; from about 20.0 to 50.0 weight percent soybean oil; from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent sucrose; from about 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent of BHT (conservative); from about 1.0 to 20.0 weight percent yeast extract; from about 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of fenugreek extract.

With the exception of fats and the active ingredient of boric acid, one or all of the remaining ingredients may be present in the formulation, but they are optional only. As a paste, the compositions described above can be used as bait in a container or not in a container, depending on the application of the objective pest. As an example, paste formulations can be applied in cracks and grooves in departments, homes, or industrial establishments where plagues, especially cockroaches and ants, are likely to reside. The pastes are applied in the cracks and grooves, for example, in the kitchens and in the bathrooms of the previous structures, for an effective control and annihilation of these pests. The pastes can be manufactured by well-known methods, which essentially comprise mixing the active insecticide in the fat-based carrier containing a mixture of solid and liquid fats. Additional ingredients may also be added, if desired, during the 'mixing' operation. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limiting thereon.

EXAMPLE 1 Paste for Bait Formulation The following ingredients are mixed: 1.0 weight percent acephate; 20.0 weight percent sucrose; 25.0 weight percent saturated soybean oil; 5.0 percent by weight of yeast extract; 15.75 percent by weight of margarine or butter; 33.0 percent by weight of soybean oil; 0.15 percent by weight of fenugreek extract; 0.10 weight percent of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).

EXAMPLE 2 The following fat-based baits were formulated to optimize both the taste for the cockroaches and the durability of the bait. These baits were found superior to existing commercial water-based bait in terms of efficiency, Figure 1, and durability, Table 1. A. Fat-based formulation of boric acid The following ingredients were mixed: 45.0 weight percent boric acid; 7. 5 weight percent sucrose; 7.4 percent by weight of corn syrup solids; 28.0 percent by weight of soybean oil; 11.9 weight percent trapped water powder; 0.1 percent by weight of fenugreek extract; 0.1 percent by weight of BHT.

B. Formulations based on acephate fat Four formulations were prepared by mixing: 0.01, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 weight percent acephate with: 35.0 weight percent sucrose; 29.7 to 28.8 weight percent maltodextrins; 35 percent by weight of soybean butter; 0.1 percent by weight of fenugreek extract; 0.1 percent by weight of BHT.

C. Fat-based formulations of microencapsulated chlorpyrifos Four formulations were prepared by mixing 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 weight percent of icroencapsulated chlorpyrifos, with: 25.0 weight percent sucrose; 45.0 percent by weight of soybean butter; 29. 9 to 29.0 weight percent wheat flour.

D. For comparative purposes, two commercially available water-based baits were used: (i) Stapletons Magnetic Roach Food ™ (MRF), Blue Diamond Exterminating & Manufacturing Co., which contains 33.3 percent by weight of boric acid, and (ii) The Recipe ™, Earth Friendly Products, which contains 47.0 percent by weight of boric acid.

METHODS TO EVALUATE FATTENING Election tests were carried out against German cockroaches for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the toxic bait influenced by the age of the bait. German adult male cockroaches were placed in jars, and food and water were provided. The jars were greased around the upper lip with petrolatum to prevent their escape. After a period of acclimatization, the roaches were presented with bait. In these tests, the cockroaches were left to choose between an alternative food source (Purina Dog Food) and the bait. The tested boric acid baits were the commercially available materials described above, and the formulation of Example 2A. Simple feeding baits were also tested: the 0.5% concentration of acephate formulation described in Example 2B above, and the 0.5% microencapsulated chlorpyrifos formulation described in Example 2C above. The cockroaches were exposed to the boric acid base continuously. For simple feeding baits, a single exposure was followed by recovery with food and water. The baits were aged up to 5 months in 50 percent humidity and 26.6 ° C. Observations were made of the attractiveness of the bait, the tasty, and the daily mortality after exposure to the bait. There were four replications in each treatment. As previously reported, the results are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. The results on the efficacy of microencapsulated acepropylated chlorpyrifos and formulations are shown in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.

Table I Effectiveness of the Baits Influenced by the Denial

Claims (8)

1. CLAIMS 1. An insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which comprises: 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent acephate; and from 95 to 99.99 weight percent of a fat-based carrier comprising a mixture of a solid fat and a liquid fat. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based carrier consists essentially of a mixture of hydrogenated soybean oil and soybean oil. 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based carrier further contains an insect attractant. 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the fat-based carrier further contains a food stimulant. 5. The composition of claim 1 in the form of a paste. 6. An insecticidal composition substantially free of water for use against insect pests, which comprises: 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent acephate; and from 95 to 99.9 weight percent of a fat-based carrier comprising a mixture of a solid fat and a liquid fat. 7. A method for controlling insect pests, which comprises applying to the areas to be controlled, an effective amount of an insecticidal composition substantially free of water comprising: 0.01 to 5.0 weight percent of acephate; and from 95 to 99.9 weight percent of a fat-based carrier comprising a mixture of a solid fat and a liquid fat. The method of claim 7, wherein the composition comprises: 0.1 to 5.0 weight percent of acephate; and from 95 to 99.9 weight percent of a fat-based carrier comprising a mixture of a solid fat and a liquid fat.