I DEVICE THAT REGULATES THE CURRENT AND ELIMINATES RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to the electrical system for internal combustion engines, which creates a spark in the combustion chamber to induce combustion of the air / fuel mixture present in the chamber. More particularly, the present invention relates to a moderator capacitor or low inductance regulator which, when joined through a spark plug without a conventional resistor, results in a moderation or regulation of the current created by the electric ignition system during the discharge of the spark while absorbing the radio frequency interference created by the arc formation of the spark plug. Discussion of the prior art Internal combustion engines necessarily employ some type of electrical system to initiate the combustion of the air / fuel mixture in a closed cylinder, by which pressure is created in the cylinder and converted to a current output of twisting by mechanical means. The combustion process is subject to the supply of the air / fuel mixture and the effectiveness and efficiency of the electric spark system that initiates combustion of the air / fuel mixture. Until recently, very little attention was paid to the efficiency of combustion or the initiation of combustion since the fuels were not expensive and the emissions resulting from the combustion process were not treated as there were few engines that polluted the atmosphere . However, as more and more engines burned more and more fuel, emissions from those engines became a problem as well as the cost of fuel. Most efforts to increase the efficiency of combustion have focused on the mixture and supply of the air / fuel mixture. Little effort has been focused on the electrical system that produces the means by which the air / fuel mixture is induced to burn. The first ignition systems used low resistance components from the battery to the spark plug. As automotive technology advanced to include radios in automobiles, radio frequency interference (RFI) associated with spark plug disturbance or arc formation in low resistance ignition systems resulted in unacceptable static on the radio . As a result, the ignition systems were modified to include spark plugs with internal resistors, also as wiring or resistive wires from the high-voltage transformer or coil to the spark plugs. These modifications effectively eliminated the IRF and resulted in the statics of the radius created by the ignition system. Unfortunately, such modifications also reduced the current or energy supplied to the spark plug, which reduced the total energy transfer efficiency of the ignition system. In modern engines, the control of the RFI (radio frequency interference) is required, in addition as the motor functions are now verified and controlled by multiple function microprocessors, which are very susceptible to RFI (radio frequency interference). ) created by an interruption ignition system that uses components without resistors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a compensation capacitor (or regulation), low current loss, low inductance with suppression of the IRF, or inductor coil or self inductance, which is placed directly and on the insulation on a spark plug without resistor. The use of such a choke or self-induction allows the replacement of a spark plug type resistor with a spark plug of the non-resistor type which has no measurable resistance, while eliminating the RFI (radio frequency interference) associated with systems without resistors . The reactance or self-induction coil allows a compensation or regulation of the current created by the electric ignition system during the discharge of the spark plug, which prolongs the limits of poor ignition and the transitory response of spark ignition internal combustion engines. This results in lower hydrocarbon emissions and lower fuel consumption, particularly with older engines. Additional benefits include better start-up and operation of cold operation and lower variability of compression pressure. The choke coil or capacitive inductance generally comprises two concentric cylinders, electrically conductive, one inside the other, which are arranged such that the inner cylinder is attached to the terminal threaded post of a spark plug without conventional resistor, while The outer cylinder is made to contact the spark plug's metal portion that is screwed to the engine, whereupon the outer cylinder is effectively earthed. The cylinders are separated by a rigid dielectric material which completely encapsulates the inner cylinder, provides a rigid method to contain the outer cylinder and provides means to install the choke or self-induction coil to a spark plug. A connector cable coupled to the internal cylinder is connected to the high voltage cable of the original equipment of the distributor by means of a male pressurized terminal compatible with the female terminal under pressure that is in the original equipment cable. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a choke coil or capacitive inductance of such electrical specification, the ionization of the spark gap or spark gap, is rapidly discharged to regulate or moderate stream of flushing electrical through the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug. Another object of the present invention is to provide a choke coil or inductance such capacitive electrical specification for effectively absorb all IRF (radio frequency interference) commonly present in ignition systems by plugs without interruption resistors. It is another object of the present invention to provide a dielectric insulator material for the capacitive self-induction or reactance coil that will resist under the operating temperatures of the cover. A further object of the present invention is to provide a capacitive self-inductance or choke coil that can be attached to any spark plug and within any physically limited motor compartment. These and other objects of the invention will become clear or apparent during the course of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of the specification, illustrate one embodiment of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a capacitive self-induction or reactance coil of the present invention, shown in combination with a spark plug without conventional resistor; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the external cylinder of the choke or self-induction coil of Figure 1, incorporating the alignment means described hereinafter; Figure 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a second preferred embodiment of a capacitive self-induction or reactance coil of the present invention, shown in combination with a spark plug without a conventional resistor; Figure 4 is an isometric view of the choke or self-induction coil of Figure 3, a section thereof has been removed for clarity and further shows a means of attachment; and Figure 5 is an electrical schematic diagram of an ignition system by discharge of the capacitor, including a capacitive self-induction or reactance coil of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring now to Figure 1, a capacitive self-inductance or choke assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is generally shown as 10, adapted to make firm contact with a spark plug without a resistor. conventional design 30. The outer conductive cylinder 12 and the inner conductive cylinder 14 must have very similar thermal expansion coefficients due to the extreme temperature variations of the application. The cylinders can be formed preferably of aluminum, brass or stainless steel, identical. The inner cylinder 14 is adapted to be coupled to the spark plug 30 without resistor, by means of a hole or threaded hole 32 which coincides with the standard threaded post 34 of the spark plug without resistor. Alternatively, the inner cylinder 14 may also be adapted to mate with the spark plug 30 without resistor, by means of a snap connection (not shown) for those spark plugs without resistor which do not have a threaded post. The rigid dielectric material 28 between the inner and outer cylinders is introduced by insert molding to completely encapsulate the inner cylinder 14 and the cable connector 16. The dielectric material can be any polyetherimide, polylalamide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide or liquid crystal polymer capable of being injection molded around the inner cylinder 14 and the cable connector 16 forming a rigid assembly. The cable connector 16 is preferably manufactured from the same material selected for the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 14 and is adapted to be coupled to the inner cylinder 14 by means of frictional interference, but can be joined by welding, screw coupling or other suitable means. The cable connector 16 is further adapted to connect to the high voltage cable of the original equipment (not shown) from the distributor, by means of a male pressure terminal 26 compatible with the female pressure terminal located in the cable of the original equipment. The rigid dielectric material 28 formed around the cable connector 16 provides a hermetic seal between the inductor or self-induction coil 10 and the cable and flexible sheath assembly (not shown). The positive alignment of the reactance or self-induction coil 10 with the spark plug 30 without resistor is carried out with the alignment sleeve 18 and the positive closing washer 20. The alignment sleeve 18 is constructed of a material identical to that of the outer cylinder 12 and the inner cylinder 14 and with an external reaming hole of the same angle or a similar angle as the positive closing washer 20. It is fitted to the internal diameter of the external cylinder 12 by means of an interference fit, welding, screw coupling or other suitable means. Referring further to Figure 2, an alignment sleeve may alternatively be incorporated as an integral part of an external cylinder. An outer cylinder 58 is illustrated which has been formed to incorporate a flange 60 which forms an angle 62, such an angle is the same angle as that of the alignment bushing 18. The rim 60 can be formed by means of an extrusion or stamping process and provides a better electrical contact between the grounded portion of the spark plug 30 without resistor and the capacitive self-induction or reactance coil 10. In addition, an integral flange 60 reduces the manufacturing cost and prolongs the life of the reactance or self-induction coil 10, because it eliminates the seal between the alignment bushing 18 and the cylinder external 12 which can be loosened after multiple heat / cool cycles. The IRF (radio frequency interference) occurs during the formation of the arc of the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug or any air space in a pulse circuit. The IRF is created when the space for the spark or explosive distance is ionized and the electrical energy is discharged through the space for the spark. The discharge is in a sine wave form, alternates between the positive and negative poles until the ignition energy is consumed, which is called "high frequency oscillation". This AC waveform (alternating current) from a DC source (direct current) produces through the spark plugs and the attached wiring, radio waves of a frequency of 100 MHz that interfere with the operation of the radios and microprocessors of the automobile. The installation of a capacitive reactance coil or inductor in the circuit in the emergence of these radio waves prevents their deposition to the air by providing containment of the emergence of the IRF within the coaxial body of the reactance coil or self-induction. The high voltage wires are still resistive and therefore do not become an antenna for the contained IRF. The further reduction of the resistance by eliminating the high-voltage resistive cable and the exchange by copper wire without solid resistance would provide a greater energy availability for the deposition through the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug. However, the copper wire would then become an antenna for the contained RFI (radio frequency interference), to produce a significant RF interference. The transmission of the IRF from the cable is eliminated by constructing the connector 16 of the cable in such a way as to form a BR insulator (low resistance) which would contain the IRF in the reactance or self-induction coil, while allowing the use of the Solid copper wire in the high-voltage circuit. Referring again to Figure 1, a corona effect / weather protection seal 22 is illustrated. The high voltages required in internal combustion engines to ionize the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug and create a spark also create an electric corona field around the ceramic portion 36 of a conventional spark plug. This corona is positively charged and if it is exposed to the ground circuit circuit, it will expend some of the energy or all the electric energy present in the spark impulse. The crown reduces or eliminates the electrical energy of the spark, to result in poor combustion. The crown effect / weather protection seal 22 is preferably made of silicone rubber, but it can be made of any soft plastic material, such as urethane, which allows its connection to the reactance or self-induction coil by means of the compression between the alignment sleeve 18 and the rigid dielectric material 28. The crown effect / weather protection seal 22, by means of compression, seals the internal chamber of the reactance coil or self-inductance of the direct contact with the ground circuit of the electric circuit by forming a hermetic seal around the spark plug, whereby the corona is effectively prevented from reaching ground and prevents moisture from entering the reel or self-induction cavity. Then, during use, a capacitive self-induction or reactance coil 10 is attached to a spark plug 30 without resistor by threadably contacting the ignition or self-induction coil on the standard threaded spark plug post 34 to a spark plug specification. torque of approximately 16 Kg-cm (14 Lb-in). Once secured in this way, the lock washer 20, the alignment bushing 18 and the outer conductive cylinder 12 are in mechanical and electrical contact with each other and grounded in the electrical circuit circuit of the ignition system . Reference is now made to Figure 5, which illustrates a schematic electrical diagram of an ignition system by discharge of the capacitor according to the present invention. A resistance can be noticed in the ignition circuit of the charge of the battery through the transformer T and ending in the space SP for the spark of the spark plug. The elimination of the resistance on the secondary side of the circuit Rt, Rw and RSP would increase the energy of the spark and the radio frequency interference associated with it. Conversely, the greater the resistance, the lower the energy and the lower the IRF. In a classic capacitor discharge CP discharge is the primary capacitor charged to a voltage by the battery and discharged by an ignition signal through the transformer T and SP space for the spark, which reduces energy as it passes to through the components. By adding a reactance coil or capacitive autoinduction according to the present invention, to the CPC circuit, at a low impedance site, surrounding the spark plug, the energy that was previously wasted to overcome the resistance Rs, is stored in The reactance or self-induction coil is discharged unimpeded through the spark gap SP, to compensate or moderate the spark current by at least 3 orders of magnitude, to produce hundreds of amperes instead of hundreds of milliamperes. In the electrical diagram shown in figure 5, the meaning for each of the abbreviations or elements identified therein is as follows: 1- Chg - Battery voltage 2- Sf - Switch 3- CP - Capacitor of the primary 4- Rp - Resistance of the primary 5- LP - Inductance of the primary 6- T - Transformer 7- Ls - Inductance of the secondary 8- Ct - Capacitance of the secondary of the transformer 9- Rt - Resistance of the secondary of the transformer 10- Rw - Resistance of the high cables voltage 11- CPC - Capacitance of the present invention 12- Cs - Spark plug capacitance 13 - RSP - Spark plug resistance 14 - LSP - Spark plug inductance 15 - SP Gap - Spacing between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug 16- Rs - Spark Resistance A high voltage electrical impulse from the transformer is received by the internal cylinder 14. The impulse would immediately jump to the outer cylinder 12 and would go to ground, whereby it would deviate from the spark plug by complete, if not for the dielectric insulating material 28 which provides the capacitive element of the present invention. The dielectric insulating material 28 prevents the pulse from deviating from the spark plug.
During the rise of the transformer output voltage, the capacitive self-induction or reactance coil 10 collects and absorbs the electrical energy of the ignition pulse. A spark plug, either with or without a resistor, has some capacitance, usually between 8 to 12 picofarads. The capacitance of the reactance coil or capacitive autoinduction can be sized from 40 to 400 picofarads. The capacitance of the reactance coil or capacitive autoinduction can be adjusted to either larger, more capacitance, or smaller, less capacitance, by making the distance between the outer surface of the inner cylinder and the inner surface of the outer cylinder either smaller or larger, to effectively reduce or enlarge the thickness of the dielectric material that separates the two cylinders. The desirable capacitance is dependent on the available voltage and the associated energy produced by the ignition system. In conventional ignition systems, during the voltage rise of the transformer, the capacitance of the spark plug is charged and when the ionization of the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug occurs, this collected or charged energy is deposited through the spark plug. the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug. A spark plug without resistor will pass the energy without obstruction, while a spark plug with a resistor will impede the transfer and convert the energy into heat. The addition of a capacitive or capacitive self-induction coil 10 to the spark plug without resistor will allow storage of at least one order of magnitude more energy with subsequent deposition through the distance between the tips or electrodes of the spark plug. This deposition of energy by means of the reactance coil or capacitive autoinduction occurs in a very small time interval, which regulates or moderates the output of the ignition pulse and amplifies the current of the spark. Normally, the present automotive ignitions are less than 1% efficient to convert the created energy, from the ignition system, to spark energy. The classic ignition pulse is tens to hundreds of microseconds in duration. When replacing the spark plug with 5 Kilo-ohms resistor with a spark plug without resistor, the transfer efficiency of the ignition system increases to approximately 10%, due to the capacitance of 10 spark plug pyrofarads without resistor that is discharged directly through of the spark plug and through the space for the spark. The elimination of the spark plug resistor allows a greater energy transfer. This simple exchange of components illustrates the function of a regulation or moderation or regulation capacitor. By increasing the capacitance by an order of magnitude by installing the inductor or capacit * p-1Xiva 10 self-induction coil in accordance with the present invention to a spark plug without a resistor, the transfer efficiency is increased by almost 50%. While the voltage is essential to ionize the space for the spark and create a trajectory for the arc, it is the current or the heat portion of the arc that ignites the fuel. The present invention allows the use of a spark plug without a resistor, which allows the flow without restriction of the current through the spark gap, to moderate such a current and increase the efficiency of the ignition and of the fuel. Increasing the combustion efficiency increases the overall performance of the engine. The capacitive self-inductance or ballast coil creates a larger flame core at the ignition, to result in faster and more complete combustion of the fuel mixture. This improved combustion results in a greater specific output of a given fuel load and a reduction in fuel consumption for a given task. Other benefits derived from improved combustion which result from the use of a capacitive inductor or inductor coil include lower hydrocarbon outputs that did not react in the emission stream and cleaner combustion chambers. Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, a second preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, which is generally similar to the first preferred embodiment discussed above and shown in FIG.; except that this modality is proposed for use with internal combustion engines where very little physical space is present above the spark plug, which thus requires a shorter capacitive coil or reactance coil. The capacitive choke or inductor coil 38 facilitates use with such motors, while maintaining the electrical specifications of the choke or capacitive self-induction discussed above. The outer cylinder 40 is of the same diameter, but about half the length of the outer cylinder 12 discussed above and the inner cylinder 42 is larger in diameter but shorter than the inner cylinder 14. The dielectric insulating material 48 is identical to the insulating material dielectric 28 discussed above and sufficient, due to the electrical properties of the material formulation, to maintain the maximum allowable voltage required for the ignition spark circuit, as long as it is supplied to the capacitive element of the reactor or reactor Capacitive autoinduction in the electrical specification identical to that described in the discussion of the first preferred embodiment. This second embodiment of the present invention is adapted to be coupled to a spark plug 30 without resistor, by means of a threaded hole 50 in the connector 44 of the cable corresponding to the standard threaded post 34 of the spark plug without resistor. Alternatively, a snap connector implemented in the cable connector 44 can also be adapted to be coupled to the spark plug 30 without resistor by means of a snap connection (not shown) for those plugs without resistors which do not have a threaded post. The cable connector 44 and the surrounding dielectric insulating material 46 are also shorter in length than the cable connector 16 and the dielectric material 24 discussed above. The alignment bushing 18, the positive closing washer 20, and the corona / hermetic seal 22 are identical to the same parts discussed above and carry out identical functions. Referring again to FIG. 4, the joining means 54 are illustrated, which allow the capacitive self-induction or choke coil 38 to receive a wrench or plug tool in such a way that the choke or self-induction coil can be easily twisted to the spark plug without a resistor. Also shown is the threaded post 56 by which the terminal nut 26 is connected to the connector 44 of the cable. Similarly, joining means 54 can be added to the capacitive or capacitive self-induction coil 10 discussed above.
Having thus described the invention, it is recognized that those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the preferred embodiment, chosen to illustrate the invention without deviating from the spirit and scope of the contributions to the art.
It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known by the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention is the conventional one for the manufacture of the objects to which it refers. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following