KR20200079360A - Building Energy Management System and Energy Independent Building - Google Patents

Abstract

According to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a building energy management system which can efficiently generate power. The building energy management system comprises: a plurality of building integrated photovoltaic system (BIPV) first solar modules generating power by using sunlight while being used as an exterior material of at least a part of a building; and a plurality of first power converters receiving electrical energy generated from the first solar modules, converting the electrical energy to the power, and supplying the power to a load. The first power converter can include a converter which is connected to the plurality of first solar modules and converts electricity based on a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function tracking a maximum power point.

Description

Building energy management system and energy independent building using the same

The present invention relates to a building energy system and an energy-independent building applying the same, and more specifically, to a technology capable of producing maximum power based on an inverter connected to a plurality of solar modules in a building-integrated solar power system. It is related invention.

Due to problems such as depletion of fossil energy and environmental pollution, a lot of attention has been focused on renewable energy worldwide, and among them, many studies have been conducted on solar power generation.

Photovoltaic power generation is a power generation that produces electricity using solar cells that convert light energy into electrical energy. Due to its characteristics, there is no environmental pollution, low noise, and unlimited energy can be used to produce electricity. It is attracting much attention as an alternative energy, and many studies and various developments have been made for this.

In addition, such solar power is often used in building energy systems. In general, when solar power is used in a building, the sun and modules are installed on the roof of the building to use the electricity that produced the foundation as the energy of the building. And recently, a building integrated solar photovoltaic system (BIPV) that produces electricity by using solar modules that can be used as exterior materials for buildings as well as rooftops of buildings is used as exterior materials for buildings. Moduble) is being researched and developed a lot.

On the other hand, in the case of the conventional intelligent building energy management system (Intelligent Building Energy Management System, I-BEMS or BEMS), a solar power system is applied to the top or side of a building to apply the power generated by the high-efficiency light or air conditioning system or additionally There have been attempts to produce energy of its own and to increase the independence or efficiency of energy use by utilizing individual systems in various ways, such as applying a geothermal system.

However, in the conventional intelligent building energy management system, there are still no clear alternatives in managing these individual systems collectively and maximizing the efficient utilization of energy resources, so that the independence or efficiency of energy use is not reached to a satisfactory level. Did not.

In other words, the conventional building energy management system is mostly passive management technology that is difficult to achieve the maximization of the overall energy utilization efficiency of the building, and still relies on most of the used power to the existing system power and subsidizes only a part of the used power. However, there is a problem in that the independence and efficiency of energy use are not significantly increased.

Therefore, a building energy management system and an energy-independent building using the same according to an embodiment are inventions designed to solve the above-described problems, and each inverter is independently connected to a plurality of photovoltaic modules, thereby maximizing each photovoltaic module. The purpose is to provide a building energy management system capable of generating electric power and an energy independent building using the same.

Building energy management system according to an embodiment is a plurality of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) first solar module (Solar Module), which is used as an exterior material of at least a part of the building to produce power using sunlight It includes a plurality of first power converter for receiving the electrical energy produced by the solar module and converting it into electric power to supply to the load, the first power converter is connected to the plurality of first solar modules and the maximum power point It may include a converter that converts electricity based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function.

In addition, the power converter further includes a controller for performing maximum power point estimation control for each of the plurality of solar modules, and the converter converts DC electricity into AC electricity based on the maximum power point estimation result performed by the controller. Building energy management system.

In addition, the plurality of power converters may be connected to the plurality of solar modules in series with each other.

In addition, the plurality of power converters may be connected in a parallel structure.

In addition, it is connected to the photovoltaic module and may further include a sensing unit for measuring solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, and temperature and outdoor temperature of the photovoltaic module.

In addition, the power converter may perform MPPT based on the result measured by the sensing unit.

In addition, the solar module may further include a storage unit in which electrical energy produced is stored.

In addition, it may further include a communication unit for transmitting information about the power supplied to the building by the solar module to an external server or terminal.

In addition, the building energy management system is installed on the roof or the outer wall of the building, a second solar module that generates power using sunlight, and an MPPT that is connected in series with the second solar module and tracks the maximum power point. A second power converter that converts DC electricity into AC electricity based on the (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function may be further included.

Energy independent building according to another embodiment is a plurality of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) solar module and the plurality of solar modules to generate power using sunlight while being used as at least a part of the exterior of the building It is connected to and receives the electric energy produced by the solar module, converts electricity received from the solar module based on the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function that tracks the maximum power point, and supplies it to the load. Power converters.

In addition, the power converter further includes a controller for performing maximum power point estimation control for each of the plurality of solar modules, and the converter can convert DC electricity into AC electricity based on the maximum power point estimation result performed by the controller. have.

In addition, the plurality of power converters may be connected to the plurality of solar modules in a serial structure, respectively.

In addition, the plurality of power converters may be connected in a parallel structure.

In addition, the energy-independent building is connected to the solar module and further includes a sensing unit for measuring solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, temperature and outdoor temperature of the solar module, and the power converter measures the result measured by the sensing unit. MPPT can be performed as a basis.

In addition, the building may include a movable stand-alone movable building.

In the case of a building energy management system according to an embodiment and an energy-independent building using the same, an inverter is independently connected to a solar module, so that maximum power conversion can be independently performed for each solar module, so that power can be efficiently produced. The effect exists.

1 is a view showing a partial configuration of a conventional building energy management system BIPV technology is applied.
2 is a diagram illustrating a partial configuration of a building energy management system according to an embodiment.
3 is a block diagram showing a partial configuration of a building energy management system according to an embodiment.
4 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of a building energy management system according to an embodiment.

The configuration shown in the embodiments and drawings described in this specification is a preferred example of the disclosed invention, and at the time of filing of the present application, there may be various modifications that can replace the embodiments and drawings of the present specification.

In addition, the terms used herein are used to describe the embodiments, and are not intended to limit and/or limit the disclosed invention. Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In this specification, the terms "include", "have" or "have" are intended to indicate that there are features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts or combinations thereof described in the specification, but one Or other features or numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof, which do not preclude the possibility of addition or addition, and include ordinal numbers such as "first", "second", etc. as used herein. Although the term can be used to describe various components, the components are not limited by the terms.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may easily practice. In addition, in order to clearly describe the present invention in the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted.

1 is a view showing an energy management system of a building to which BIPV is applied according to the prior art.

Referring to FIG. 1, in the case of BIPV according to the prior art, the electric energy produced from the solar modules (1,2) installed on the roof or the outer wall of the building and the solar modules (3,4) used as the building material of the building It was a common form to receive and receive energy through a power converter 5 that includes an inverter that converts DC power into AC power.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the existing building energy management system to which solar power was applied mainly used a centralized inverter, but since the centralized inverter could not structurally respond to a mismatch between modules, a module-to-module miss When a match occurred, there was a problem in that the amount of power generated in the entire building was reduced due to the downward leveling of power generation.

In the case of a miss match, it may be caused by shadows, fallen leaves, dust, etc., which are generally generated in a solar module, and a miss match due to shading may cause an extreme deviation between modules of 100%. And when the maximum power that can be generated for each module is different, these modules are configured in series to have a string structure, so there is a problem in that the module generates a downward leveling criterion based on the smallest module.

Therefore, the building energy management system according to an embodiment and a standalone mobile building using the same are inventions designed to solve the above-described problems, and a plurality of inverters are installed in series for each photovoltaic module, resulting in a mismatch between photovoltaic modules. It is to provide a building energy management system that solves the problems that can be solved and a standalone mobile building using the same. It will be described in detail through the drawings below.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a part of a structure of a building energy management system illustrated to describe an overall operation principle of the building energy management system according to an embodiment.

2, the building energy management system 1000 according to an embodiment is in series with a plurality of solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41) and each of the solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41) Multiple power converters (10, 20, 30, including MPTT controller (12, 22, 32, 42) and inverter (13, 23, 33, 43) converting power while connected to 40).

The photovoltaic modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 may produce direct current power using a solar cell that converts light energy into electrical energy using a photoelectric effect.

Solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41) according to an embodiment is used in a typical solar cell module used in solar power generation integrated in a building, for example, the structure of the solar cell attached to the tempered glass Can be used. The DC power produced by the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 may be supplied by a plurality of loads installed in the building or may be supplied by a battery.

Although the battery is not shown in the drawing, electric energy produced by the solar cell modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 may be stored. The battery may be a component provided in an ESS (Energy Storage System) used in solar power generation. The DC power stored in the battery can be supplied to the load.

In addition, although the solar modules are illustrated as four solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 in one embodiment, the number of solar modules is not limited thereto and may be provided with fewer or more solar modules. .

In addition, the solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41) are independently installed on the roof or outer wall of the building to produce energy while using the solar modules (11, 21) and the exterior of the building while producing energy at the same time It can be divided into optical modules (31, 41). In the present specification, for convenience of description, the solar modules (31, 41) used as the exterior of the building as the first solar module, and the solar modules (11, 21) independently installed on the roof or outer wall of the building are provided. It is referred to as 2 solar module.

The power produced by the solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41) is a power converter (10, 20, 30, respectively) connected in series with a plurality of solar modules (11, 21, 31, 41), respectively. 40), and the energy converted in each power converter can be transmitted to the integrated inverter, and then energy can be individually delivered to each load requiring power.

In general, the output of the photovoltaic module exhibits a nonlinear characteristic of a characteristic curve indicating the state of the operating voltage and current depending on the environment such as solar radiation, surface temperature, etc. When the operating point of the voltage-current on the characteristic curve is determined, The output power of the solar cell is determined. Accordingly, the power converters 10, 20, 30, and 40 convert electricity so that the maximum power can be output in accordance with the energy received from the solar modules 10, 20, 30, 40.

Specifically, in the stand-alone solar inverter system, the operating point of the output power is determined by the capacity of the load, but in the grid-connected solar inverter system, since the system load can be viewed as an infinitely variable load, in order to increase the efficiency of the system The maximum power tracking technique (MPPT), which can utilize the maximum power generated by the solar cell, is mainly used.

Research on MPPT techniques is being conducted in terms of system complexity, presence or absence of sensors, convergence speed, design cost, hardware implementation, etc. The representative technique is the Perturbation and Observation Method.

The Perturbation and Observation Method has the advantage of operating regardless of changes in characteristics due to aging of the solar cell without being affected by the parameters of the solar cell.

Accordingly, the power converters 10, 20, 30, and 40 receive each of the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 to produce electricity and MPPT so that the received energy can be delivered to each load at maximum power. The technique can be used to convert power. Specifically, the power converter (10, 20, 30, 40) is based on the results derived from the MPTT controller (12, 22, 32, 42) and each MPTT controller (12, 22, 32, 42) performing the MPTT technique It may include an inverter that performs the conversion of the power.

Although not shown in the drawings, the converter may include a DC-DC converter and a DC-AC converter.

The DC-DC converter can boost the energy output through the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41. That is, the DC-DC converter may output by boosting the DC voltage output through the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41.

The DC-AC converter may convert the boosted energy through the DC-DC converter into energy usable by the load. That is, the DC-AC converter may convert the DC voltage into an AC voltage and supply it to an AC load such as a system.

The DC-DC converter can be used to transfer power from the low voltage side, that is, from the renewable energy module 101 to the high voltage, and the DC-DC converter is a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) tracking maximum power point. ) Function to create a reference signal of the voltage that maximizes the output energy. To control this, the DC-DC converter can perform voltage control and current control.

The building energy management system 1000 according to an embodiment combines all the energy received from each of the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41, and does not uniformly convert power to each solar module 11, 21. , 31, 41) using the power converter (10, 20, 30, 40) connected to convert power by tracking the maximum power point reflecting the characteristics of each sun and module (11, 21, 31, 41) Therefore, there is an effect that can increase the efficiency of power.

In other words, the centralized inverter applied to the existing energy management system could not structurally cope with mismatch between modules, so when a mismatch between modules occurs, there is a problem that the amount of power generation decreases and the whole power generation decreases. However, the building energy management system 1000 according to an embodiment performs power conversion independently using a power converter connected to each photovoltaic module rather than a centralized inverter, thereby compensating for the problems of the existing technology. There are advantages.

3 is a block diagram showing a partial configuration of a building energy management system according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 3, the building energy management system 1000 extracts maximum power using each power converter based on the results received from the sensing unit 100 and the sensing unit 100 that detects the state of the solar module. The control unit 400 and the detection unit 100, and the display unit 300 for displaying information about the measured result and the maximum output determined by the control unit 400 to the outside, and a communication unit 200 that transmits it to an external server or an external terminal ) And the like.

Specifically, the sensing unit 100 may be attached to or connected to the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 to measure solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, temperature of the solar module, and outdoor temperature, and measure The result can be transmitted to the control unit 400, the control unit 400 may control the power converter so that each power converter can produce the maximum power based on the results received from the detection unit 100.

In other words. Since there is a difference in the maximum power that can be produced due to the positional characteristics installed in each sun and each of the modules 11, 21, 31, and 41, each solar module 11, 21, 31, 41) can perform optimal control independently.

The control unit 400 for controlling the power converter may be configured as one control unit, but may be controlled by a plurality of independent control units. That is, the first control unit 410, the second control unit 420, the third control unit 430 shown in FIG. 3 may correspond to the MPTT controllers 12, 22, 32, 42 shown in FIG. .

The communication unit 200 has a wireless communication function capable of interworking with an external server or an external terminal using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, and may serve to transmit information on energy produced and used in a building to the outside.

The communication unit 200 uses a wireless communication network such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth of the smartphone and a 3G or 4G wireless communication function. Accordingly, the communication unit 200 uses the 3G or 4G communication to generate energy and power converters 10, 20, 30, produced by the solar modules 11, 21, 31, and 41 on an external management server or a user's mobile terminal. 40) It is possible to transmit various information about the energy output through. Therefore, there is an advantage that the user can more easily manage the energy use of the building.

The display unit 200 may serve to transmit information on energy produced and used in a building to the outside, which may be displayed using a display or the like.

In addition, although not shown in the drawing, the building energy management system 1000 further includes a storage unit capable of storing various information of the solar modules 11, 21, 31, 41 and the power converters 10, 20, 30, 40. It can contain.

The buildings to which the building energy management system 1000 described above can be applied are various. Various such building energy management systems exist.

4 is a flowchart illustrating a control method of the building energy management system 1000 according to an embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4, the building energy management system 1000 may receive and receive electrical energy generated from a plurality of solar modules, respectively. (S10)

After that, the MPPT that tracks the maximum power point according to the situation of the received electrical energy is performed to find the maximum power point, and the optimum power conversion can be performed using the power converter connected to each solar module. Yes (S20, S30)

Thereafter, the power converted by the power converter may be supplied to various loads and devices through a final inverter.

So far, the structure and function of a building energy management system and an energy-independent building using the same have been described.

In the conventional intelligent building energy management system, there is still no clear alternative in terms of integrating these individual systems and maximizing the efficient utilization of energy resources, so that the independence or efficiency of energy use has not been reached to a satisfactory level.

In other words, the conventional building energy management system is mostly passive management technology that is difficult to achieve the maximization of the overall energy utilization efficiency of the building, and still relies on most of the used power to the existing system power and subsidizes only a part of the used power. However, there is a problem in that the independence and efficiency of energy use are not significantly increased.

However, in the case of a building energy management system according to an embodiment and an energy-independent building using the same, an inverter is independently connected to a solar module, so that maximum power conversion can be independently performed for each solar module, thereby efficiently generating power. There are possible effects.

In addition, there is an advantage that the building energy management system 1000 described above can be applied to various buildings. In addition to simply being connected to an existing power system, it can be applied as a system capable of producing power in a small stand-alone house, and there are also advantages that can be applied to various buildings such as building houses and factories.

Although embodiments have been described so far with limited embodiments and drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations from the above description. For example, the described techniques are performed in a different order than the described method, and/or the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or combined in a different form from the described method, or other components Alternatively, proper results can be achieved even if replaced or substituted by equivalents. Therefore, other embodiments and equivalents to the claims are also within the scope of the claims below.

10: power converter
11: Solar module
12: MPTT controller
50: inverter
1000: building energy management system

Claims (15)

In the building energy management system,
A plurality of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) first solar modules for generating electric power using sunlight while being used as at least a part of the exterior of the building;
It includes a plurality of first power converter for receiving the electrical energy produced by the first solar module and converting it into electric power and supplying it to a load.
The first power converter,
A building energy management system including; a converter that is connected to the plurality of first solar modules and converts electricity based on a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) function that tracks a maximum power point. According to claim 1,
The power converter,
A control unit for controlling the maximum power point estimation for each of the plurality of photovoltaic modules; and the converter is a building energy management system that converts electricity based on the maximum power point estimation result performed by the control unit. According to claim 1,
The plurality of power converters,
A building energy management system connected to the plurality of solar modules in series with each other. According to claim 1,
The plurality of power converters,
Building energy management system connected in parallel. According to claim 1,
A building energy management system further comprising; a sensing unit connected to the solar module and measuring solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, and temperature and outdoor temperature of the solar module. According to claim 4,
The power converter,
Building energy management system that performs MPPT based on the results measured by the detector. According to claim 1,
Energy storage system further comprising; a storage unit that stores the electrical energy produced by the solar module. According to claim 1,
And a communication unit that transmits information on power supplied to the building by the solar module to an external server or terminal. According to claim 1,
A second solar module installed on the roof or the outer wall of the building to generate electric power using sunlight; And
And a second power converter connected in series with the second solar module and converting electricity based on an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function that tracks a maximum power point. A plurality of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic System) solar modules that are used as exterior materials for at least a part of a building and generate electricity using sunlight; And
It is connected to the plurality of photovoltaic modules to receive the electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic module, and convert electricity received from the photovoltaic module based on the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) function that tracks the maximum power point. An energy-independent building that includes a power converter that supplies power to the load. The method of claim 10,
The power converter,
Further comprising a control unit for performing the maximum power point estimation control for each of the plurality of solar modules;
The converter,
Energy-independent building that converts electricity based on the maximum power point estimation result performed by the control unit The method of claim 10,
The plurality of power converters,
Energy independent buildings connected to the plurality of solar modules in series with each other. The method of claim 10,
The plurality of power converters,
Energy independent buildings connected in parallel. According to claim 1,
It is connected to the photovoltaic module and further includes a sensing unit for measuring solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, and temperature and outdoor temperature of the photovoltaic module.
The power converter,
An energy-independent building that performs MPPT based on the results measured by the detector. The method of claim 10,
The building is an energy-independent building that includes a movable stand-alone movable building.

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