KR20110068840A - Utilizing reflected light type solar module system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A solar light module system using reflective light is provided to concentrate solar light on the light receiving surface of a module, thereby increasing the amount of generating electricity. CONSTITUTION: Southern and northern reflecting plates(101,102) are installed in the southern and northern locations of a solar light heating module. A light reflecting plate is made of a metal plate or a resin plate. A metal surface with superior reflectivity or a transparent surface processing layer covers the metal plate. A northern light reflecting plate is installed at about 15° or the solar light angle at noon of summer solstice. A southern light reflecting plate is installed at about 15° or the solar light angle at noon of winter solstice.

Description

Reflective light-use photovoltaic module system {UTILIZING REFLECTED LIGHT TYPE SOLAR MODULE SYSTEM}

At present, photovoltaic power generation devices and solar water heaters are attracting attention not only in Japan but also abroad, and the reduction of consumption of petroleum resources, prevention of global warming, and the suppression of price rise of petroleum resources-related members, Elongation is expected as a system of devices that meet other global environmental and social needs. However, the market size of domestic households in Japan has been changing to about 100,000 units annually. Compared to 4 million gas and oil hot water supply units and 7 million household air conditioners, the market is still small. The government needs to rely on subsidies from emergency investments to improve the global environment.

The reason why the market for single-function photovoltaic devices or solar water heaters does not increase is that the output effect is insufficient compared to the investment price for the device. In other words, the period of returning the initial investment (PBT) is longer than 10 years, that is, the home solar power generation system takes 30 years to recover the investment, and conversely, the service life of the solar water heater is 10 years or less. Because it exists.

In terms of energy efficiency, the conversion efficiency (ECR) in which the solar energy irradiated to the photovoltaic device is converted into electric power is about 12 to 14% in the practical use, and the remaining amount of energy of 88 to 86% is used. I can't. In addition, it requires a large area as an energy supply device, and the cost of producing the generated electric power is about twice that of 23 yen / KWh, which is obtained from commercial power, that is, the price is about 40 yen / KWh. Likewise, the payback period of the initial investment is extended to about 30 years, which is the main reason for the dissemination. Therefore, the development of a new technology for improving the conversion efficiency (ECR) of the power generation cell itself is expected.

For example, a 3KW home solar power generation system usually requires 30 square meters of light receiving area. Therefore, not only the installation space is limited, but also the actual installation work is very difficult. It is also a factor that hinders the expansion of supply.

As a result, while the commercial grid power is currently 23 yen / KW in Japan, the price of output power in the case of solar cells alone is 40 yen / KWh when the lifetime is assumed to be 20 to 25 years. As it became, the spread did not proceed.

Therefore, in order to solve such a problem, the research and development of the photovoltaic device is progressing rapidly in recent years. Even in the case of using a cell of silicon crystal, researches on polycrystallization, thinning of silicon crystal, improvement of power generation characteristics of the crystal itself, and improvement of light receiving characteristics of the crystal surface have been advanced.

In addition, the formation of silicon amorphous on the glass surface or the plastic film surface or by laminating it with silicon crystals has also emerged to improve the ECR. In addition, it is promising to avoid the lack of resources by replacing silicon-based cells by using a material different from silicon such as copper or indium as a cell material and depositing an extremely thin layer on a glass substrate. Solar cells of a method using an aluminum thin plate as an electrode substrate of a cell are also commercialized. This is a structure in which a small spherical silicon having a diameter of about 1 mm is inserted into a plurality of hemispherical holes formed in an aluminum substrate, and the surface reflection of the hemispherical holes is focused on the spherical silicon. It has the function and the function of the electrode.

That is, there are many kinds of substrates of the power generation cell, such as silicon itself, glass plates, resin plates, and aluminum plates.

The present inventors have already proposed the invention related to the structure of the solar module for using the solar energy more effectively by using the power generation cells as described above, and is used for public welfare, in particular for home, business, and even industrial use. It has been proposed as a solar energy composite use module (hereinafter referred to as a solar cogeneration module or a solar heat transfer module) that receives sunlight and simultaneously performs power generation and heat supply.

Decades ago, research and development of solar heat transfer modules that can obtain power and heat with the same light-receiving body have been considered. In other words, a metal plate serving as a heat sink is provided on the rear surface of the power generation cell, and water or refrigerant is passed through a pipe or media passage integrated with the metal plate to collect heat generated in the power generation cell. According to this method, the total light receiving area can be miniaturized compared to the solar power generator and the solar water heater separately installed, and the two basic effects of reducing the installation space and cost can be achieved. Construction can also be simplified. In addition, since the temperature of the power generation cell can be lowered by forcibly cooling the power generation cell, there is an advantage that the power generation effect of the power generation cell is improved. In addition, when used in homes and stores, there is an advantage that the supply of electric power and the hot water for hot water supply or the heat for heating are simultaneously obtained.

It is reported that the output power of the photovoltaic module targeted by the above technical field can realize a price lower than commercial power, that is, about 20 yen / KWh.

Unlike solar cells, in order to have a heat collecting function, the solar heat transfer module uses a material structure with a high heat insulating performance around the cell and the heat sink. In order to use this heat, it is necessary to flow a cooling medium (generally, water and antifreeze) into a cooling body disposed on the back of the module power generation cell, to cool the power generation cell, and to collect the heat and to use the heat for hot water supply or heating. It is possible.

The technique of this invention relates to the technique which further improves and improves the energy conversion efficiency using the above-mentioned solar heat transfer module, and intends to contribute to the improvement of the improvement of the power generation efficiency of a solar cell module by this technique.

The characteristics of the solar heat module.

1. High conversion efficiency in converting light irradiation energy into electric power and heat

Power: 10 to 15% (equivalent to or better than the solar cell)

Heat: 40% or more (efficiency equivalent to solar water heater)

Total energy: about 53 to% (achieving the highest efficiency)

The above conversion efficiency is achieved.

2. Production cost target: Achieved production cost less than 25% of production cost increase for solar cell module

3. Operational life equivalent to that of solar cell: Achieve more than 20 years (including repair and repair)

4. As described above, as the output power price of the solar heat transfer module, the same degree as that of the commercial system power price, that is, 24 yen / KWh has been achieved.

However, in order to spread this photovoltaic module or solar cell module in the future like a current air conditioner or gas cooker, it is necessary to further improve performance and reduce production costs.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a technology that can be used in a wide range and can be used while ensuring sufficient power generation and heat output even when the installation area of the solar heat transfer module or solar cell module is reduced. The present invention is characterized by a highly economical manner that does not require solar tracking despite being focused.

In other words, by installing a light reflecting plate protruding to the outside of the module to collect sunlight on the light receiving surface of the module, not only improves the characteristics per area of the module, but also improves the ratio of output energy to the production cost of the system. I want to present the technology. The effect of this approach is to present a technique that can address some of the key challenges for realizing specific commercialization.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, research, development, and patent application have been conducted on the groundbreaking improvement of characteristics due to condensing of a solar cell module and its application system. However, as described above, the technical information of the completed level is not seen for important technical problems such as adverse effects on characteristics caused by the temperature rise of the power generation cell due to condensing. Since sporadic technical information is shown below, it is introduced as a background art.

Among them, Patent Document 1 is an excellent idea for realizing the heat collecting by condensing by using the reflecting plate appropriately to improve the heat collecting characteristics. Moreover, the idea of making the inclination-attachment angle of a light-converging reflector into an optimal state, and the idea of improving a characteristic by giving a heat insulation characteristic to the glass cover of an upper surface are proposed. However, the light condensing technology using the reflecting plate presented here is merely an improvement in forming a reflecting plate inside the module, and condensing by installing a reflecting plate on the outside of the module, thereby realizing a significant improvement in characteristics without expanding the module. It is outside the scope of the invention. Although many improvement techniques of this range are seen, it is a technique outside the object of the present invention. In addition, although there is an explanation that the inclination angle of the reflecting plate is set to the optimum state, the optimum setting in the state actually installed locally is the direction aimed by the present invention, and is not described here.

Patent document 2 is a condensing system using a linear lens. This method is very unique in that the lens condensing method currently commercialized requires a solar tracking device, but is fixed enough to be fixed. The light condensing method using the reflecting plate and the linear lens handled in the present invention is considered to have excellent light condensing characteristics among the fixed light condensing methods. Although the lens is larger than the dimensions of the photovoltaic module and unlike the conventional condensing lens system, there is a drawback that the photovoltaic module can not be miniaturized, but the effect on the characteristics can be sufficiently expected. The challenge is the production cost of lenses and reflectors.

Moreover, it becomes a problem from the point of practical use that the whole apparatus becomes three-dimensional and becomes large.

Patent document 3 has condensed into a module by providing a reflection condensing mechanism outside the solar module. The effect of the characteristic improvement by this condensation can fully be expected. However, since the photovoltaic module becomes high temperature by condensing, it is not suitable for the solar cell module, and the concept and technique of optimizing the condensing characteristics with respect to the irradiation angle of the solar light are insufficient. Moreover, as an apparatus installed in the roof of a building, there is a problem of the inclination of the roof and the irradiation angle, and the three-dimensional form of the apparatus is not practical.

As mentioned above, although the detail was demonstrated, it turns out that many subjects remain in order to achieve a commercialization in the prior art. That is, since the solar module which is the object of the present invention is composed of several modules having a large area, it is important for ease of installation and serviceability in installing this on a roof or the like, and to improve the characteristics of the solar module. For this reason, a condensing technology for realizing the external solar irradiation by a simple structure must be established.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-205062 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Publication No. 2008-216717 Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-144316

The solar heat transfer module forms a cooling mechanism on the back side of the solar cell, cools it by allowing an aqueous solution of propylene glycol as a cooling medium to flow therein, and cools the solar cell by collecting power while cooling the power generation cell of the solar cell. It is used for hot water supply and heating. In the case of power generation by the solar power module, the efficiency of converting solar energy into power is 10 to 15%, and the conversion efficiency for heat due to heat collection is 40 to 45%. Therefore, a conversion efficiency of 50 to 60% in total can be obtained. In order to improve this conversion efficiency, an object is to install a light collecting plate on the outside of the solar heat transfer module and achieve conversion efficiency of 70% or more per module area, thereby further increasing the economics of the solar energy utilization system and promoting the spread.

In the case of the solar heat transfer module, since the power generation cell can be cooled to an optimal temperature, the drawback that the temperature of the power generation cell rises due to heat collection, such as solar cells, can be fundamentally avoided. Therefore, it is a technique for improving both a power generation characteristic and a heat collecting characteristic by providing a fixed reflector appropriately and condensing on the upper surface of a flat panel module.

Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the technology for exerting the best heat collecting effect on the heat collecting structure and method, the shape of the heat collecting plate, the material of the heat collecting plate, and the heat collecting and module temperature control.

On the other hand, in the case of a solar cell module which does not have a special cooling function and relies on natural cooling, when the light is condensed by the reflecting plate, the temperature of the cell rises and the power generation characteristics are lowered, thereby canceling the effect of condensing by adding the reflecting plate. In order to prevent this and exert the effect of the reflecting plate 100%, a technique for preventing the temperature rise and cooling by the reflecting plate itself is required in addition to the above-described various techniques applied to the solar heat transfer module.

This is the problem to be solved by the present invention.

Means for solving the above problems will be described sequentially. The inventor anticipates that the flat-panel photovoltaic heat-transfer module fixedly installed will spread. The detailed cross section of the typical structure is shown in FIG. Solar energy alone is too low for energy conversion efficiency, so it is difficult to establish economically. Solar water heaters have a low economic value of output heat even if the conversion efficiency is rather high, which is 1/3 compared to KW energy such as electric power. Since it is only worth a degree, it is considered difficult to become a leading player in natural energy devices. On the contrary, since the heat generating module generates power by one module and outputs heat, the total area of the module required as the system can be reduced, and as a result, the economy of the system device is excellent.

On the other hand, the condensing method, which has been examined as a method of increasing the output of the solar light-using module, can increase the power output per module area, but it is necessary to provide a cooling device in order to prevent the temperature of the solar cell from rising. . Accordingly, the present invention provides details of a technique for further increasing energy conversion efficiency of a solar heat transfer module having a heat recovery device as a cooling device. In claim 1, in the northern hemisphere, there is provided a method for condensing the surface of the module by reflecting the sunlight by providing a reflecting plate extending outwardly from the sides of the north and south ends of the solar heat transfer module installed inclined toward the south. At this time, it is important to install reflecting plates in both north and south directions and to set the installation angles. 2 shows a cross-sectional shape of the solar heat transfer module system provided with the reflector.

FIG. 3 shows a solar heat transfer module array system with a reflector provided with a four-stage module array inclined 10 ° to the south on a roof of a flat-roofed building in a suburb of Tokyo at 35 ° north. 4 shows the efficiency of conversion from solar energy to electric power and heat in the system, and the average improvement rate is measured or calculated by setting 1.0 as the case where there is no reflector. As can be seen from the result, an optimum angle exists in the installation angle of the reflecting plate. If the angle of sunlight receiving sunlight is smaller than the angle, the conversion efficiency deteriorates rapidly. In addition, even if the angle of attack is widened, the conversion efficiency is reduced to the degree where no reflector is provided.

In addition, when the reflecting plate is provided only on one side of the north and south, it was found that the conversion efficiency improvement rate is only about 30% of the improvement degree of FIG. This is because the distribution on the upper surface of the module of reflected light becomes uneven and there is an effect.

As set forth in claim 1, the present invention proposes to install a reflector in the north-south direction. Although the reflection plate was provided in the east-west direction, and the reflection plate was provided in the whole outer periphery, it turned out that the condensing effect by the reflecting plate of fixed angle does not arise in the east-west direction. Direct sunlight from sunlight is incident from the east-west direction in the morning and evening. Since the expansion angle is 180 degrees, the angle of reception of the reflecting plate becomes a reflecting plate with the opening angle of 180 degrees. Since the reflected light cannot be guided to the surface of the module by this, it is assumed that the angle of attack is narrower than 180 degrees. In this case, when the angle of attack is narrowed to about 90 °, the reflected light is guided to the surface of the module, but the scattered light incident from the portion deviated from the angle irradiates the back surface of the reflecting plate, so that the amount of light incident on the module is rather reduced.

Therefore, in practice, it is a premise that the reflector is installed in a state extending in the north-south direction of the module. This reflecting plate has a substantially flat reflecting surface, and the width thereof needs to be larger than the dimension of the width of the module. This is to have the effect of receiving the sunlight which enters from the direction inclined east-west by a reflecting plate and guides it to a module surface. Next, the reflecting property of the reflecting plate needs to be sufficiently high. It is possible to secure the high reflectance and to maintain its characteristics for a long time by increasing the reflectance by applying a gloss treatment to the surface of the metal by buffing and the like, and then applying an anti-oxidizing transparent paint. As another method, a method of securing aluminum gloss reflecting surface by depositing aluminum on a flat resin is also effective. At present, techniques such as reflector plates of lighting fixtures and reflector plates of automobile headlights are useful. The premise is to secure a reflecting surface of 80% or more as the reflectance.

Next, the description about the installation angle of a reflective surface becomes important. As shown in FIG. 2, it is preferable that the sunlight angle range (opening angle) of the two reflecting plates is wide angle in order to receive more sunlight. However, in reflecting sunlight to the module surface by the reflector, it is not desirable to widen the angle of attack. The selection of the evaluation of the optimum value is influenced by the latitude (the north-south position on the earth) of the place where the module array system is installed. In summer, the amount of light incident from the vertical direction (upright direction close to the ceiling) increases, and in winter, in the northern hemisphere, the amount of light incident from the direction close to the south side is increased. Increases. The difference between summer and winter with respect to the sun's direct angle is two times the angle of the solar regression latitude, 23 ° 26 ', ie about 46.5 °.

Therefore, the inventor inclines the angle of attack (widening angle) of the two light collecting reflectors on the basis of this 46.5 °, and inclines the center angle from the ceiling to the south direction (north direction in the southern hemisphere) by the latitude where the system is installed. Evaluation by calculation was performed. A summary of this is shown in FIG. 4. That is, the energy conversion efficiency calculated based on the module area of the module system when the spread angles of the two reflecting plates are set to 46.5 ° is shown. The calculation condition of this data is provided by reducing the total area of the module to 50% and installing the reflecting plate between the modules so as to be optimal. The situation is as shown in FIG.

When the angle of attack is narrowed by 30 °, the conversion efficiency is worse than that without the reflector, and even when widened by 30 °, most of the effect is lost. In other words, there is an optimal state in the range of minus 30 ° to plus 30 ° to maximize conversion efficiency. This optimal angle depends on the setting of the module area, and the narrower the angle of reception is, the better the module area ratio is close to 100%, i.e., the area of the reflecting plate is closer to zero. It is also affected by the installation angle of the module.

Overall, as defined in claim 1, the angle of the reflector on the north side is minus 23.3 ° of latitude at that point in the vertical plane (the plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane) (i.e. 35 ° minus 23.3 ° = 11.7 ° southward in the vertical plane of Tokyo, for example). Angle of inclination) plus minus 15 ° (30 ° as a range), the south reflector angle is plus 23.3 ° of latitude at that point in the vertical plane (the plane perpendicular to the horizontal) (i.e. 35 ° plus 23.3 in the vertical plane of Tokyo, for example) ° = 58.3 ° angle inclined to the south) it is preferred to install at an angle between plus and minus 15 °.

At this time, when one reflector is used on one side, the selection of the optimum value of the angle to be set is known to increase the influence factor in various meanings, making it difficult to set, and the effect of increasing the conversion efficiency is also limited.

The energy conversion efficiency of the module in the case where there is a reflector described above is an apparent value obtained by subtracting the output energy from the amount of solar energy irradiated to the module area when there is no reflector. Therefore, the method of reducing the module area and installing the reflector between the modules is a viable measure for improving the conversion efficiency.

There is also a very complex factor in the optimal value for the ratio of module area to reflector area. If both areas are the same, the reflectance of the reflecting plate is 80%, the reflectance of the reflecting light on the module surface is 70%, and the effective rate at the module surface (the ratio of incident light not subjected to the reflecting plate and reflected light reflected from the reflecting plate is not reflected on the surface of the module). ) Is 70%, the total efficiency is about 40%. In this case, the total conversion efficiency is 1.0 plus 1.0 × 0.4 = 1.4 compared with the case without the reflector. In other words, the conversion efficiency is increased by 40% by the reflector. Comparing the same module area will increase the output by 40%. Assuming a 15% increase in investment due to reflector installation, the effect on investment is 40 minus 15 = 25%. That is, a gain of 25% over a system without a reflector.

Claim 3 sets forth the recommended range for the area of the reflector. When the area of the reflecting plate exceeds 1.4 times the area of the module, the irradiation rate of the reflected light on the module surface is remarkably reduced, and when the area of the reflecting plate is 60% or less of the module area, the improvement of the conversion efficiency is 20. If we subtract 12%, an increase in investment, we can expect only an improvement of 8% or less. Therefore, it is effective to set the recommended reflector's area between 0.6 and 1.4 times the total module area.

In order to make the effect of a reflector more effective, it is practical to make the length of the north-south side of a module small, and not to make a large area of a reflector. If the reflector is large, the appearance and aesthetics will be bad, and the strength and durability exposed to strong winds such as a typhoon will also be a major problem. Therefore, it is practical to shorten the length of the north-south side of the module and widen the dimension of the east-west side by that amount to secure the required power generation and the heat collection area.

In addition, it is practical to make the horizontal width of the reflecting plate wider than the east-west width of the module in order to effectively guide the sunlight incident from the east and west at the time other than noon to the module surface by the reflecting plate. Claim 2 proposes this practical technique.

The main functions required for the reflector are appearance design, light reflection characteristics, strength against typhoons, reliability, and the like. It is important to use the characteristics of the metal surface for excellent light reflection characteristics, and aluminum, stainless steel, silver, copper, and the like are candidates for the material. In terms of cost and manufacturability, aluminum thin plates, aluminum vapor deposition resins, SUS thin plates and the like are candidates. Its properties are thin, lightweight, but low in strength. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, it is found that it is practical to bend the reflector to form two sides of the triangle, and to finish it with a high strength member having a triangular cross section together with the supporting member. In terms of workability when installing on a roof or the like, and weight-bearing strength of the roof, it is important to configure the reflector in a thin plate shape. Forming slopes is a very practical and reasonable technique.

By increasing the amount of light irradiated to the module by condensing by the reflecting plate, the amount of generated power and heat generated by the module increases. As a result, the temperature of the module including the power generation cell is about to rise. Since the power generation amount decreases due to the temperature gradient characteristic with respect to the power generation amount of the power generation cell according to the temperature rise, temperature control of the module becomes important. It is desirable to control so that the temperature of the module can be changed when a high heat temperature is required and when a high amount of power generation is needed. For example, when power generation is important, controlling the temperature of the module and the cell at about 50 ° C. and at a temperature of about 60 ° C. when the temperature of the heat is to be increased realizes a very high overall marketability.

When the module is not a solar heat transfer module but a solar cell having a short function, the above control is impossible because there is no cooling function. Therefore, claim 6 proposes a technique of directly cooling a cell of a solar cell by the reflector described above. As shown in Fig. 5, the reflecting plate is composed of an aluminum plate, and the reflecting surface is provided with a reflecting function. The reflector plate has a structure extending to the vicinity of the center portion of the lower surface of the solar cell, the substrate of the power generation cell is in close contact with the aluminum plate, heat generated in the power generation cell is transferred to the aluminum plate through the substrate to transfer heat to the reflector plate, aluminum plate Heat is radiated by the outside air on the surface, especially the lance-treated heat radiation fins. By this structure, even if the amount of solar light irradiated to the module by the reflector increases and the amount of power generation increases, the temperature decreases rather. As a result, the effect of further increasing the amount of power generated is exerted.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the extended portion of the reflecting plate extends to the vicinity of the center of the bottom surface of the module, but is separated therefrom. This is to prevent the thermal expansion distortion caused by the temperature change of the aluminum plate from being transmitted to the power generation cell as it is and causing breakage. The substrate of the module uses a material having a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of the power generation cell. For example, if the power generation cell is crystalline silicon, an iron plate having the smallest coefficient of expansion is used among practical metals in accordance with its very small coefficient of expansion. In order to radiate heat | fever by outside air, as shown in figure, the radiator fin is formed in multiple numbers by lance processing. Therefore, a separate aluminum thin plate subjected to the high reflection characteristic treatment is attached to the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate.

Claim 7 is a description of a technique for a case where it is difficult to apply the above-described module system, in particular when a plurality of modules are installed inclined southward on a flat surface, such as a flat surface or a roof of a building. In this case, each module is often inclined southward by the latitude angle of the point (for example, 35 ° in Tokyo). In this case, the modules adjacent to the north-south are often installed at a far distance from each other so that the shadow of the south module does not interfere with the irradiation of the north module in the winter season. In this case, it is practical to use a reflector as a plane that connects the north side of the south side module in the high horizontal position with the south side of the north side module in the low position. In this case, the module and the reflector are arranged alternately. In this case, condensing by the north reflecting plate with respect to the module located in the south side disappears, but the effect of condensing by the south reflecting plate becomes large. In other words, the effect is increased in summer.

6 shows an example installed on the roof of a building. As can be seen from this figure, in consideration of the winter conditions, it is reasonable to form a reflecting plate in this part, because modules arranged in the north and south should be installed at regular intervals so that the north side module does not enter the shade. Therefore, the module arranged in the North and South is connected to one flat reflector.

Claim 8 is an invention of an example of a solar cell installed in the state of claim 7, the same as the case of claim 6. As shown in FIG. 5, there is a cooling effect on the solar cell, and the effect of the increase in the amount of power generated by condensing and the amount of power generated by cooling can be expected.

As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has the following effects.

1. In solar photovoltaic module system, the amount of power generation and heat collection can be increased by condensing.

2. In solar cell system, the increase of power generation can be expected by condensing and cooling.

3. Guidance on the specific design and installation of the light collecting device can be given.

4. The light reflecting effect can be expected by the fixed reflector having a simple flat plate shape, and the economic effect can be expected to be much larger than the cost required for the installation of the reflector.

5. The temperature of the heat collected by the condensing effect is increased, and the loss of heat from the outer surface of the module can be reduced by reducing the area of the module, thereby increasing the effect.

6. The above effects make it possible to increase the economic effect, and from the viewpoint of using natural energy, it is possible to advance the practical use and dissemination of the system.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a solar heat transfer module
2 is a view showing a system provided with a reflecting plate in the solar cell module of the present invention
3 is a diagram illustrating a system in which a reflector is installed in a plurality of solar heat transfer modules.
4 is a graph showing the effect of reflector installation angle on the conversion efficiency of solar energy
5 is a view showing a system provided with a reflecting plate in the solar cell module of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a system in which a reflector is installed in a solar heat transfer module installed on a roof of a flat building. FIG.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of this invention is described based on FIGS.

(Example 1)

1, 2, 3, and 4 show an example in which a reflector is provided in a solar heat transfer module. Since the solar heat transfer module 1 is insulated by the air layer and the heat insulation layer 8 which are the lower layers of the upper surface glass 2, the cooling medium flows in the inside of the copper pipe 6 for cooling medium most of the generated heat amount. It is cooled by an aqueous solution of propylene glycol. Therefore, by controlling the temperature and the circulation amount of the cooling medium, it is possible to control the temperature of the module, that is, the temperature of the power generation cell (4). Therefore, it is possible to control the solar cell by condensing a large amount of light without increasing the temperature of the power generation cell even if the amount of power generation and the amount of heat generation are increased. In the present embodiment, the temperature is controlled at 57 ° C. and the average temperature of the cooling medium is 55 ° C. under standard conditions. This is set by the temperature required in order to use output heat for hot water supply and heating.

At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the north side reflector 102 and the south side reflector 101 are attached so as to extend from the outside of two sides in the north-south direction of the module, and the sunlight is reflected by the reflectors so that the module 1 Condensing The direct sunlight of the sun is incident from the direction inclined in the horizontal direction at 35 ° (north of Tokyo) horizontally from the ceiling at 12 o'clock during the spring equinox and the autumn equinox in Tokyo, for example. Also in summer it is incident from a direction inclined to 35 ° minus 23.3 ° (regression line angle), or 11.7 degrees south, and in winter from 35 ° plus 23.3 ° or 58.3 ° south.

At this time, in order to focus the module by the reflector, first, the reflector does not interfere with the incidence of the direct light incident on the module. Therefore, in this embodiment, the reflecting plate 102 is attached obliquely to the south side of 11.7 °. Moreover, the reflecting plate 101 is attached inclined to 58.3 degrees south side. In this case, the angle of attack is the standard angle of attack of 46.6 ° (double of 23.3 °).

Annual solar energy conversion efficiency in this state is a value by the standard angle of attack shown in FIG. When the angle of installation of the angle of attack is narrowed slightly, the value decreases drastically and worsens than the state without the reflector (conversion efficiency 1.0). In addition, when the angle of installation of the angle of attack is widened, the conversion efficiency nears 1.0. The influence of the angle of attack is the accumulation of the effect of changing the angle of incidence of sunlight in the tides and the four seasons. The calculation of the influence is very complicated and difficult to explain.

The calculation of the influence actually varies greatly depending on the installation angle of the solar heat transfer module itself. 3 shows an example in which the module is tilted 10 degrees on the roof of a flat building. In this case, the reflecting plate 101 and the reflecting plate 102 use an integrated aluminum plate having a thickness of 1.0 mm bent at its tip. The surface of this aluminum plate is subjected to buffing to improve the reflectance, and is tightly covered with a transparent fluorine-based film to prevent rust. The reflecting plate is triangular, including the module support 106 and the system mounting base 107, but is a thin aluminum plate, but has sufficient strength, for example, has a strength that is not a problem even when exposed to a typhoon.

Fig. 2 shows a single module, in which case it is impossible to make the reflecting plates 101 and 102 large in area. This is because it is inferior to the case of FIG. 3 in terms of strength against a typhoon. In this case, the reflecting plate is not only miniaturized, but the dimensions of the module in the north-south direction are made smaller and the shape is longer in the east-west direction. It is practical to construct such a triangle.

In the example of FIG. 2, the area of the reflector is designed to be 1.2 times the area of the module. In the example of FIG. 3, the area of the reflector is designed to be 1.6 times the area of the module. In this case, since the apparent solar energy conversion efficiency of the module 1 increases by about 40% of the area increase rate, it is calculated that the ratio of the reflector plate is 1.48 times in FIG. 2 and 1.64 times in FIG. In the above case, since the 40% value tends to be stagnated little by little, the conversion efficiency improvement rate is designed considering the maximum of 1.5 times. The apparent conversion efficiency is the ratio of the actual generation amount plus the heat output amount (output when there is a reflecting plate) to the directly incident solar energy (that is, the input without the reflection plate). The size of the reflector is not only the conversion efficiency, but also many evaluation factors such as strength reliability, installability, appearance design, and price (including installation cost).

(Example 2)

5 shows an example in which the module 1 is a solar cell having no cooling function. In this case, even if the light is collected in the same manner as in Example 1, the effect is halved. In other words, even if the area of the reflector is equal to the module area, the conversion efficiency of 1.4 times cannot be obtained, which is about 1.2 times. This is because the temperature of the solar cell 4 rises and the amount of power generation decreases due to the temperature dependency of the power generation characteristics. At 1.2 times the conversion efficiency, the installation cost of the reflector is increased by 15 to 20%, so there is little economical improvement. In FIG. 5 of Example 2, the board | substrate of a reflecting plate is made into the aluminum flat plate of thickness 1.5mm, and the aluminum deposition film for reflection is affixed on the surface. Moreover, the aluminum plate which is a board | substrate is extended to the back surface of a solar cell, and is bonded to the backsheet so that the back surface of the backsheet used as a board | substrate of a solar cell may be covered. As shown in the drawing, a large number of lance processing portions are formed in the aluminum substrate. This lance processing part promotes heat dissipation by outside air as a heat dissipation fin, and cools the back sheet and the solar cell 4 by the heat transfer inside the aluminum substrate.

Although the reflecting plates 101 and 102 are slightly different in shape and function from those of the first embodiment, the reflecting plates 101 and 102 aim to improve the energy conversion efficiency of the module by condensing by the reflecting function, and the basics of the reflecting plates which form the basis of the present invention. The configuration is the same in that it is based on the same technology. However, in the solar cell electrothermal module, it has an effect on both electric power and heat, has a high practical effect, and has an advantage in practical use in that it does not need to have a cooling function.

(Example 3)

FIG. 6 is a structure in which a plurality of modules are inclined to the south side of 35 ° on the roof of a building, which is a flat installation surface, and connected between modules adjacent to the north and south by one flat reflector. This is because when the inclination angle of the module is increased to 35 ° even though the installation surface is flat, as described above, if a separate reflector is installed in the north-south direction of the module, the position of the tip of the reflector attached to the north side becomes high. In this method, the area of the reflector becomes larger as a result of the module area, which does not all lead to an improvement in the energy conversion efficiency, and causes various problems because the tip position is high. For example, it is difficult to secure the intensity of a typhoon, etc., and the sound of cutting wind from the tip is generated.

The same applies to the case in which the module is a solar cell. The reflector is attached to the mechanism for cooling the cell by covering up to the back surface of the solar cell 20 as shown in FIG. As a result, it can be seen that the reflecting plate 102 and the module 20 are formed to form a triangle to form a stable structure as a structure.

The technology according to the above invention is a very important and necessary basic technology in spreading a system for converting solar energy into energy that can be used on the ground that mankind needs in the future.

Put it to practical use,

1. By minimizing the area of the module, the production cost can be reduced and it can be easily installed on the roof of all buildings, contributing to the spread of the device.

2. It can cope with many business and industrial energy demands such as being in charge of energy infrastructure of primary industry which is needed in future such as vegetable factory.

3. The device system has a relatively simple structure, and many operators are easy to participate, thus contributing to the spread of the device.

4. In the future, there is a high possibility of developing to constitute one industry as a system device essential for houses, stores, and agriculture.

1-Solar cell module 2-Top cover glass
3-cell top cover film 4-power generation cell
5-Structural Substrate 6-Copper Tubes for Cooling Media
7-piping cover 8-insulation layer
20-Solar cell module 50-Direct sunlight in the summer
51-Winter Sunshine 100-Rooftops
101-South Side Light Reflector 102-North Side Light Reflector
103-Lance Machining Pins 106-Module Supports
107-System Mount

Claims (8)

Two pieces of light are placed at positions extended from the north and south sides by receiving sunlight from the upper surface, outputting electric power and heat, and installing them in a fixed state by tilting the rectangular flat panel solar heating module using the same horizontally or southward. In the reflected light utilization type solar heat transfer module system provided with a reflector,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is made of a metal plate or a resin plate covered with a metal surface or a transparent surface treatment layer having a flat plate and excellent light reflecting properties, and the light reflecting plate provided on one side of the north side of the solar heat transfer module is The angle of the surface from the vertical angle to the south side by a minus angle of 23.3 ° at the latitude of the point, that is, the angle of sunlight at noon of summer or 15 degrees before and after The light reflecting plate installed on one side of the south side is an angle at which the surface angle is inclined to the south side by the angle plus 23.3 ° to the latitude of the latitude from the angle of the vertical plane, that is, the noon of the winter season. Reflected light utilization type solar module system, characterized in that installed at an angle of the solar angle of about 15 degrees before and after.
The rectangular flat solar photovoltaic module with long sides in the east-west direction, receiving sunlight from the upper surface and outputting power and heat, is installed in a fixed state by inclining horizontally or southward and extending from the north-south side to the outside, respectively. In the reflected light utilization type solar module system provided with two light reflecting plates having a width larger than the east-west width of the solar heat transfer module,
The light reflecting plate is made of a metal plate or a resin plate covered with a metal surface or a transparent surface treatment layer having a flat plate-like surface and excellent in light reflecting properties, and the light reflecting plate provided on one side of the north side has a vertical angle of the surface. From the angle, the angle of inclination 23.3 ° southward from the latitude latitude of that point, that is, the solar angle at noon in the summer or an angle in the range of 15 ° before and after the summer, is installed on one side of the south side. The light reflecting plate has an angle inclined to the south side by the angle of the surface from the vertical plane, plus 23.3 ° to the latitude of the latitude at that point, that is, the angle of sunlight at noon of the winter or 15 ° before and after Reflected light utilization type solar module system, characterized in that installed in.
Two rectangular flat panel solar heating modules that use sunlight from the upper surface to output power and heat, and are installed in a fixed state by inclining horizontally or southward, are installed in a position extending from the north and south sides to the outside, respectively. In the reflected light utilization type solar heat transfer module system provided with a light reflector,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is made of a metal plate or a resin plate covered with a metal surface or a transparent surface treatment layer having a flat plate and excellent light reflecting properties, and the light reflecting plate provided on one side of the north side of the solar heat transfer module is The angle of the surface is set at an angle inclined southward by a minus angle of 23.3 ° at the latitude latitude at the point from the vertical angle, that is, the solar angle at noon in the summer or an angle in the range of 15 ° before and after, The light reflecting plate installed on one side of the light reflector has an angle of inclination toward the south side by the angle of the vertical plane, plus 23.3 ° to the latitude of the latitude at that point, that is, the solar angle at noon of the winter season or before and after It is installed at an angle in the range of 15 ° and installed so that the total area of the two light reflecting plates with respect to the area of the solar heat transfer module is 0.6 to 1.4 times. High, and the reflected light using type solar module system, characterized in that configured at the front end of the light reflector between the plurality of reflected light using type solar heat transfer module adjacent in the north-south integrally they are so as to continue.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The reflecting surface of the light reflecting plate is made of a high brightness aluminum or stainless metal surface, the light reflecting plate is a reflected light utilization type solar module system, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape is substantially triangular when viewed in the east-west direction.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The temperature of the power generation cell of the photovoltaic heat transfer module measures the temperature of the cell or a cooling body configured to cool the cell, and is controlled at least two different temperatures at the time of generating power generation importance and at the time of heating temperature importance. Reflected light utilization type solar module system, characterized in that for controlling the cooling characteristics of the cooling body.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
A solar cell module which outputs only electric power instead of the solar heat transfer module is used, and the two light reflecting plates are constituted by an aluminum flat plate, and the light reflecting plate extends to the rear surface of the solar cell module or is a solar cell. A reflection light utilization type photovoltaic module system comprising a light collecting plate for a solar cell module and a cooling device by attaching the power generation cell of the module so as to be in a heat transfer relationship with a metal plate serving as a substrate.
On a flat surface or upper surface of a building, a plurality of solar heat transfer modules having a rectangular flat plate shape that receive sunlight from the upper surface, output power and heat, and use the same are inclined southward by a latitude angle plus or minus 15 ° of the installation site. In the reflected light utilization type solar heat transfer module system provided in the state and provided with one flat light reflector which has the both sides of the adjacent north and south sides of each of the said two solar heat transfer modules adjacent to the north-south,
The surface of the light reflecting plate is made of a metal plate or a resin plate covered with a metal surface or a transparent surface treatment layer having a flat plate shape and excellent light reflecting properties, and the light reflecting plate has the angle of the surface and the north of the point at the vertical angle. The latitude plus 23.3 ° is added to the latitude, that is, the solar irradiation angle at noon of the winter season, or the angle in the range of 15 ° before and after, and the area of the light reflector is 0.8 to the area of the solar heat transfer module. Reflected light utilization type solar module system, characterized in that installed 1.4 times.
The method according to claim 7,
A solar cell module that outputs only electric power instead of the solar heat transfer module is used, and the light reflector is made of a flat plate of aluminum, and the light reflector extends to the rear surface of the solar cell module or A reflection light utilization type photovoltaic module system characterized by being configured to be a condenser and a cooling device for a solar cell module by attaching it in a heat transfer relationship with a metal plate serving as a substrate on which a power generation cell is installed.

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