KR100367785B1 - Spark-gap switch having three-pole electrode characteristics with adjustable control electrode - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adjustable spark-gap switch (discharger) of frequency operation for generating a high voltage impulse, the apparatus of the present invention comprises an enclosure (1) made of an insulator and an air discharge and an electrode therein. An adjustment support (2) in the form of a tube for adjusting the clearance, and four electrodes (3-6) movable in the axial direction of the cylinder shape connected to the adjustment support (2) arranged in two pairs to maintain an appropriate clearance; In order to prevent physico-chemical changes due to inter-electrode spark discharges, two auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9,10) which emit ultraviolet rays and form an excitation state between electrodes are possible, and fine adjustment of the adjustment support (2) is possible. A flange 7, an air supply pipe 8 connected to supply air into the main body 1, a metal protective film 11 for protecting the inner wall of the main body 1 from ultraviolet radiation, and the main body 1. Of the air supplied inside Inducing a flow in the electrode gap and a 12 to air induction. In order to control the proper operating conditions of this discharger, a discharge circuit having a simple configuration electrically connected to the outside of the main body 1 is provided. The apparatus of the present invention does not require a separate synchronization circuit and a separate trigger circuit to the outside, and only controls the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) by independent operating conditions. Since the overall characteristics of the can be adjusted, the efficiency can be increased based on reliability and stability.

Description

High voltage impulse discharger with adjustable control electrode {Spark-gap switch having three-pole electrode characteristics with adjustable control electrode}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adjustable spark-gap switch of a frequency operation method, and more particularly, to a three-pole electrode characteristic having an adjustable regulating electrode for forming a high voltage impulse in a high voltage pulse generator or a high voltage pulse power supply having an impulse frequency characteristic. A high voltage impulse discharger.

The present invention relates to a technique and apparatus for converting a high voltage into an impulse form having adjustable stable frequency operating characteristics in a pulse discharge technique, and a method for easily and efficiently converting a high voltage impulse having a frequency characteristic of several kilohertz (˜kHz). The invention relates to a spark-gap switch (discharger) which allows for arbitrary adjustment.

Recently, the plasma application technology of laser radiation, electrospinning, (ultra) high frequency radiation and electric discharge using pulse high voltage of impulse type has been expanded in industrial applications, and related studies and interests have been amplified. The technology of switching devices or spark-gap switches, which can generate high voltage impulses, is not sufficient, and there are many problems in practical use, and there is no switching device having economical efficiency and stable characteristics. It is effective for real industry because there is no switching technology for generating pulse of impulse type with extremely narrow pulse width of less than microsecond, which is a requirement of effective high voltage pulse, and high frequency switching technology with constant frequency characteristics and fast pulse generation period. High voltage pulse utilization technology and electric discharge It has many problems for applying a plasma application technology. At the same time, the industrial application field using plasma is increasing day by day, but the technology that generates practically useful plasma is a core technology closely related to the above-mentioned pulse generating technology. The performance is poor.

Such a lack of practical application of the high voltage pulse generator is a switching element having instantaneous high power and frequency characteristics which is the key to the implementation of high energy or high power instantaneous switching technology with economical efficiency including efficient and stable operation characteristics and maintenance aspects. Lack of development.

Semiconductor elements such as thyristors, SCRs, transistor switches, and vacuum tube-type switching elements such as thermocathodes with grids, which are easy to control and automate, and have small size and stable frequency operation characteristics. In recent years, there is no switching device having a switching power characteristic capable of delivering high power energy, and in recent years, a semiconductor switching device known to be able to realize a relatively long life and stable operating characteristics has recently been developed in the acceptable range of switching operation. Even for a relatively large power switching device, it is not enough for the practically applicable switching capability, and at the same time, even if it is within the allowable range of the switching capability, electrical discharge characteristics generated during instantaneous discharge in the use of high voltage pulses in the actual industry Due to reverse recovery power or Since it is difficult to stop the instantaneous high reverse voltage, it has many problems in practical applications. Thus, it has been applied only to general pulse generating technology having a wide level or a wide pulse width.

In the case of hot cathode discharge tube of vacuum tube type, a device for high power switching through improved performance has been developed by using a device used for military purposes or radar equipment in developed countries, but this also has several kilowatts (kW) in energy transfer capacity through switching operation. In case of continuous use, which is a general characteristic of hot cathode discharge tube, due to contamination and change of internal filling gas, its life is only 3-6 months on average, so switching to high frequency is difficult and life is short. It is not suitable, and even if used, it is expensive and the maintenance cost is not small, so it is not economical.

Due to this practical problem, mechanical switches having mechanical structural characteristics are being applied, but in these devices, large size and stable frequency operation characteristics are difficult to achieve, and high speed switching operation cannot be realized. It is difficult to control or automate, maintain frequent service life and stable operation characteristics, and not only frequent maintenance should be performed, but also as the switching operation voltage increases, the switch also needs to be significantly larger, making it difficult to apply. There is a problem that the switching operation characteristics are greatly changed depending on the electrical characteristics and mechanical characteristics such as the change of.

9 and 10 are electrical circuit diagrams for explaining the operation principle of a conventional discharger, wherein the discharger according to FIG. 9 receives a high DC voltage (HVDC) and stores a high voltage in a high voltage capacitor (C _p ) that is a pulse forming capacitor. Alternatively, a thyristor or thyratron switch, which is a hot cathode discharge tube, is used as a switching element. When a constant voltage is charged in the high voltage capacitor C _p , the switch is turned on to amplify the pulse voltage through the pulse transformer T _p . To generate a high voltage pulse.

This circuit is capable of relatively stable frequency control by using a semiconductor device as a discharger, but these electric devices have a pulse size using a pulse transformer (T _p ) that requires high amplification because the operating voltage is less than 10 kilovolts (kV). In order to obtain a useful pulse voltage, it is difficult to form a useful pulse within 1 microsecond as the height of the pulse as well as the width of the pulse increases in the amplification process using the pulse transformer (T _p ). T _p ) is also difficult and complicated to manufacture, and the manufacturing cost is very high. In addition, these electric elements have a disadvantage in that a large current flows because there is a limit depending on the allowable capacity, so that the electric elements cannot be destroyed due to a sudden change in the current due to a change in the load (Z _L ). In the case of Cythatron, which is a hot cathode discharge tube having a relatively short pulse switching characteristic, it is not economical due to high cost in case of breakage due to this disadvantage and high cost of maintenance, and its life span is short as 3 to 6 months in continuous use. The application is not suitable for industrial facilities other than those for military purposes. FIG. 10 is a mechanically configured discharger without using the electrical device of FIG. As shown in FIG. 11, when the two fixed electrodes 40 and 60 are disposed on the insulating support 80 at a predetermined distance and the high voltage applied between the two electrodes is continuously increased, the voltage reaching the dielectric breakdown voltage between the two electrodes is instantaneously increased. And discharge sparks between the two electrodes. The discharger is configured through a switch operation using such a forced flame discharge. 10 (a) and 11, when the DC high voltage (HVDC) is supplied, the pulse forming capacitor (C _p ) is charged, and the discharger reaches a voltage at which insulation is broken between the two electrodes 40 and 60 at regular intervals of the discharger. Spark discharge due to dielectric breakdown occurs between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 60. At this time, the energy stored in the pulse forming capacitor C _p is transferred to the load Z _L through the coupling capacitor C _c . When all of the high voltage charged in the pulse-forming capacitor C _p is discharged, insulation is restored between the two electrodes of the discharger, and spark discharge between the two electrodes is interrupted, and the high voltage supplied is supplied to the pulse-forming capacitor C _p . When the battery is charged again and the voltage between the first electrode 40 and the second electrode 60 of the discharger reaches the breakdown voltage, spark discharge occurs again, and the pulse high voltage is transmitted to the load Z _{L in} the same manner. If this process is repeated, the result is a periodic pulsed high voltage on the load Z _L.

However, in this case, as the number of times increases due to the electrical ions such as plasma ions generated during the spark discharge remaining near the discharger due to one spark discharge, the breakage of the spark discharge is worse and impulse type pulse voltage cannot be obtained. Again, the insulation recovery time between the electrodes for the discharge is long, the high voltage pulse is sharply reduced, the number of repetition of the pulse is also extremely limited and can not generate a pulse having a stable period. This rapid deterioration prevention of the pulse, and damping a parallel connection with the load (Z _L) in order to increase the contact-breaker effect resistance drastic reduction in view of a portion pulse by adding the (R _D) which may be prevented but rather the damping resistor (R _D) Energy consumption is not economical. In the fixed-gap discharger spaced at such a predetermined distance, if a pulse of about 100 kilovolts (kV) is to be obtained, the distance between the electrodes is about 10 millimeters (mm) apart. In order to increase the distance, there is a problem that the spark discharge does not occur and thus cannot serve as a discharger.

As shown in FIGS. 10B and 12, the two fixed electrodes 40 and 60 are separated from each other and connected to a rotating body such as a motor M therebetween in order to obtain a more effective and higher pulse generation frequency and a relatively stable frequency. By disposing the rotating electrode 50 to rotate the rotating electrode 50 connected to the rotating shaft 70 of the insulating material with respect to the center point between the fixed electrode 40 and 60, the discharge terminal (a) of the rotating electrode 50 When b is positioned in a straight line between the fixed electrodes 40 and 60, a spark discharge occurs and is interrupted when it is farther away to perform the operation of the discharger.

However, in order to generate a useful pulse for the industry, it is necessary to increase the crest value and the repetition frequency of the high voltage pulse on the load (Z _L ) side. This conventional technique also has a discharge time due to the influence of the electric ions remaining by the previous discharge. It is difficult to obtain a sharp impulse because it is attracted for a certain time, and it is not practical and its size is considerably large because it needs to use a high speed rotating body of more than 1500 revolutions per minute in practical use. The number of pulse generations cannot be more than 300 hertz (Hz).

Further, in order to obtain a more effective method, there is a method of increasing the number of discharge terminals of the rotating electrode 50 in the same manner as in FIGS. 13 and 14, but the fixed electrodes 40 and 60 may be used to secure an insulation recovery time of a predetermined time. In order to increase the spacing between the discharge electrodes and the rotary electrodes 50, the size of the discharger must be relatively larger. Even if the discharger is made large, a high frequency cannot be obtained due to the insulation recovery time between the electrodes except the effect of lowering the rotational speed of the motor M.

In addition, even in the discharger of the mechanical method, due to the wear of the electrode generated during spark discharge, its life can be only about 3 months in continuous use. Even when trying to prolong the use time by increasing the size of the electrode, the distance between electrodes due to the wear of the electrode in the continuous use becomes longer as time passes, and the constant pulse high voltage can be obtained by the change of the electrode surface due to the erosion of the electrode. none. Therefore, in order to generate a stable pulse, the discharger must be stopped from time to time and the electrode spacing must be readjusted or the electrode must be repaired.

As a result, in this conventional technique, due to the high heat generated during the dissociation of the electrical ions generated during the spark discharge, the stable discharge of the electrode rapidly decreases over time, and the life of the discharger is not only short, but also practical. In view of the switching effect of transferring pulse energy, there are many problems in practical use in terms of frequency control characteristics, pulse shape, and economics.

Accordingly, the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and to provide a discharger capable of generating a high voltage impulse having an adjustable stable frequency characteristic of several kHz in a simple and efficient manner.

In order to achieve the above object, the discharger according to the present invention, the sealed body body made of an insulator, a copper adjustment support in the form of a pipe (Pipe) therein, and the cylindrical shape of the same structure that is movable in the axial direction connected to the adjustment support Four electrodes.

Each of the four electrodes is composed of two pairs, and each pair of electrodes is disposed to face each other in a direction opposite to each other at a predetermined distance, and one electrode of one pair of electrodes is connected to another electrode of the other pair of electrodes. And a control electrode electrically connected to each other through a metal protective film, and the remaining electrodes of each pair of electrodes form a ground electrode and a high voltage electrode as basic electrodes.

The discharger according to the present invention includes an adjustment support connected to each electrode to allow the gap of each electrode to be arbitrarily adjusted, an air supply pipe for rapid electrical insulation recovery after discharge between the gaps of each electrode, and supply of air. An air induction path for uniformly diffusing the flow between the electrodes.

The present invention is equipped with an automatic or arbitrarily adjustable adjusting electrode, which simplifies and remotely controls the entire process of correcting wear of the electrodes, and enables high stability, high efficiency and reliability to arbitrarily perform constant frequency operating characteristics and impulse frequency adjustment. It provides a discharger having a.

1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the basic structure of a high voltage impulse discharger according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a photograph showing the appearance of the discharger body according to the present invention.

3 is a longitudinal sectional view of a high voltage impulse discharger according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 4 is a flow diagram of compressed air for explaining the operation of the high-voltage impulse discharger of the present invention.

5 is a view showing the electrical connection of the high voltage impulse discharger of the present invention.

6A and 6B are electrical circuit diagrams showing one embodiment of a discharge circuit of a high voltage impulse discharger according to the present invention.

7A and 7B are electrical circuit diagrams showing another embodiment of the discharge circuit.

8A and 8B are electrical circuit diagrams for explaining the operation principle of the high voltage impulse switch of the present invention.

9A, 9B and 10A, 10B are electrical circuit diagrams for explaining the operation principle of a conventional discharger.

11 to 14 are perspective views showing various embodiments of a conventional discharger.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: Discharger body 2: Adjustment support

3: high voltage electrode (Э ₃ ) 4, 5: control electrode (Э ₂ )

6: grounding electrode (Э ₁ ) 7: flange

8: air supply pipe 9, 10: auxiliary electrode (P _yФ )

11: metal protective film 12: air induction

13: auxiliary electrode support 14: main body flange

15: body coupling bolt 16: gasket

17: Flange fixing bolt 18: Electrode gap fixing bolt

20: socket 40, 60: fixed electrode

50: rotating electrode 70: insulated rotating shaft

80: insulation support M: motor

a to h: discharge terminal C, C _c , C _p C _y , C _{y1 to} C _y4 , C _yФ : condenser

D, D ₁ , D ₂ : Diode L, L ₁ : Induction coil

R _y , R _y1 , R _y2 , R _D : Resistance Z _L : Load

T _p : Pulse transformer α, β, γ: Discharge point and operation section

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention will be described in detail.

In general, in the switching operation for switching high voltage or high power electric energy, especially in the operation of switching high voltage in the form of an impulse, the basis of the switching operation for transmitting or generating an impulse for the purpose of industry is microsecond or less. A pulse width with a small time, a high pulse voltage in the form of an impulse as large as possible, stable operating characteristics, and a relatively high frequency can be obtained, while satisfying industrial stability, long life, simple maintenance, and economic efficiency.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a discharger using a three-pole spark electrode circuit having a control electrode in consideration of stable operation characteristics, high frequency operation characteristics, and frequency adjustment characteristics of an operating state.

In the present invention, a discharger having a controllable control characteristic for a frequency operation characteristic and a stable operation is realized through the following method and configuration because it is difficult to configure only a conventional electric element.

1 to 3 show the structure of a high voltage impulse discharger according to the present invention. The discharger of the present invention includes an enclosure (1) made of an insulating material, an adjustment support (2) in the form of a tube for controlling the discharge of air and the gap between the electrodes therein, and a spark discharge for a constant voltage. Four electrodes 3 to 6, which can be moved in the axial direction of a thick cylindrical shape, in which a wall connected to the adjusting support 2 arranged in two pairs while maintaining a proper gap, and spark discharges of the electrodes 3 and 4 Two auxiliary electrodes 9 and 10 for preventing physico-chemical changes and for forming a discharge excitation state between the electrodes, a flange 7 for enabling fine adjustment of the adjustment support 2 to adjust the electrode gap; , The air supply pipe 8 connected to supply air from the outside of the main body 1, the metal protective film 11 used to protect the inner wall of the main body 1 from ultraviolet radiation, and the main body 1 supplied to the inside of the main body 1. Air induction to induce the flow of air ( 12) is configured to include.

The cylindrical electrodes 3 to 6 are each composed of two pairs, and are disposed in a form of facing each other opposite to each other at a predetermined distance, and one electrode 4 of one pair of electrodes and the other one of the other pairs. The electrodes 5 are electrically connected to each other by using the air supply pipe 8 and the metal protective film 11 to perform the functions of the control electrodes 4 and 5, and the primary electrodes positioned on the opposite sides of the pair are respectively high voltage. The electrode 3 and the ground electrode 6 are configured to be.

The control electrodes 4 and 5 may be configured in such a way that the gaps of the electrodes are easily adjusted in consideration of the disposition of the dischargers in a symmetric plane of the dischargers or arranged diagonally, and the ground electrodes which are the basic electrodes ( 6) and two gaps are formed for each of the basic electrodes 3 and 6 sequentially connected to the additional discharge circuit for the purpose of stable operation of the high voltage electrode 3 and the discharger. Can be adjusted arbitrarily.

If the operating voltage of the discharger is 20kV, the gap standard distance between the electrodes is 3.5mm, and the discharger can operate stably at the gap between 2.5mm and 4.5mm. In order to preserve the operating voltage and the efficiency of such a discharger, the clearance of each electrode can be arbitrarily adjusted by the adjustment support and the flange connected to each electrode.

In addition, the compressed air flows between the electrodes toward the center from the outer surfaces of the electrodes 3 to 6 of the cylindrical structure, and waste air containing plasma ions, which are electrical ions generated during discharge between the electrode gaps, and erosions of the electrodes. It is discharged to the outside of the discharger through the center hole of the electrodes 3 to 6 and the adjustment supports 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d. Here, since the electric field becomes zero in the concentric circles of the same electrode, it is possible to prevent the deterioration of the air insulation characteristics due to the electric ions by eliminating the electric ions contained in the waste air, whereby the gap between the electrodes in the switch operation of the discharger. The electrical insulation strength is quickly restored after the discharge.

Compressed air is directly supplied into the discharger main body 1 through the two air supply pipes 8, and is passed between the electrodes through an air induction path 12 for inducing a constant air flow in each electrode gap.

In the supply of air, either air is supplied from the outside through the air supply pipe (8), or conversely, the method of forcibly discharging the air through the adjusting support (2) is applicable, and a closed cycle using a filter and a gas flow cooler is applicable. It may be realized according to. In addition, when air is used in combination with other components or when an electric insulating gas is used, it may be used as a method for improving the characteristics and size of the discharger.

In addition, for stable operation of the discharger, auxiliary electrodes 9 and 10 are disposed between the two electrodes in the main body 1 to prevent erosion of the surfaces of the electrodes by ultraviolet radiation and to form a discharge excited state. A metal protective film 11 is provided inside the discharger to operate between just before and the start of the discharger, and to protect the inner surface of the main body 1 from ultraviolet radiation and erosion of the electrodes generated when the discharger operates.

The discharge circuit used for the discharger having the adjustable three-pole electrode structure is shown in Fig. 6A. In the discharge circuit, a high voltage (V ₀₎ is filled initially the capacitor (C ₀₎ from a closed, the switch voltage to be charged in the charging capacitor (C) is the capacity of the initial capacitor (C ₀₎ sufficiently larger than the charged capacitor (C) Under the condition (C ₀ C), the voltage V charged to the charging capacitor C according to the resonance filling through the induction coil L and the diode D is calculated. Almost twice as far as the end of a full charge cycle Becomes here Becomes Therefore, due to these electrical characteristics, a voltage of 2V ₀ is applied between the ground electrodes Э ₁ (6) and the high voltage electrode Э ₃ (3) as a result, and the control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5) is in half of it. The corresponding V ₀ voltage is applied.

In addition, in the electric circuit of FIG. 6A, the control capacitor C _y is also charged through the control resistor R _y simultaneously with the charging capacitor C. FIG. When charging is completed in the charging capacitor C, the diode D is closed so that the voltage charged in the charging capacitor C is preserved, resulting in a voltage of 2 V ₀ between the basic electrodes Э ₁ , Э ₃ (6, 3). Will be maintained. When the diode D is closed, an overcharge phenomenon occurs in the control capacitor C _y so that the potential difference between the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) and the ground electrode Э ₁ (6) is changed, as shown in the potential difference between the electrodes shown in FIG. 6B. The potential applied is increased to the magnitude of the charging voltage of the charging capacitor C, which is kept constant, so that the potential difference between the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) and the high voltage electrode Э ₃ (3) is relatively reduced.

As a result of the potential difference between each series of electrodes, when the through voltage, which is the dielectric breakdown voltage, is reached at the electrode gap between the ground electrode and the control electrode (Э ₁ , Э ₂ ), energization of spark discharge occurs immediately. As the conduction phenomenon occurs even in the gap between the electrodes (Э ₂ , Э ₃ ), the discharger performs a switch operation to maintain the conduction state for a short time so that the energy charged in the charging capacitor (C) is momentarily loaded (Z _L ). Are all delivered to.

If the high voltage is continuously supplied, after the instant discharge when all the energy charged in the charging capacitor C is transferred to the load Z _L , the charging capacitor C is recharged with the charging cycle in the same manner, and the operation of the discharger is performed. As a result, the discharge which transfers energy to the load Z _L is repeated.

In this circuit, by changing the values of the steering resistor (R _y ) and the control capacitor (C _y ), the starting point of the charge cycle of the discharger and the operating moment of the discharger can be changed to a certain degree. However, as shown in the waveform diagram of FIG. 6B, there is a disadvantage in that the stability of the time characteristic of the operation of the discharger is not high because of the slightly inclined front surface of the increase in voltage across the control electrode Э ₂ . The gap between the auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9,10) operating in the relaxed state of the discharger operation reduces the time dispersion of the duration of the charge / discharge cycle due to ultraviolet radiation and operates between the discharges between the discharger electrodes to a certain degree so that the operation of the discharger to a certain degree is achieved. Stabilize.

The circuit modified in the method for improving the time characteristic of the discharger operation more effective in the circuit of Figure 6a is the same as Figure 7a.

The charging of the charging capacitor C in the circuit of FIG. 7A is the same as the operation of the circuit of FIG. 6A. When the charging capacitor C is charged up to the amplitude value, the diode D is closed to prevent reverse discharge through the induction coil L in the charging circuit, thereby maintaining the charging voltage (2V ₀ ) of the charging capacitor C continuously. do. The capacities charged in the pilot capacity division capacitors C _y1 and C _y2 charged together during charging of the charging capacitor (C) have a relatively high frequency by LC resonance determined by their capacity value and the value of the induction coil (L). Discharge is started through the induction coil (L). This process is used to form the starting impulse of the discharger.

As shown in the waveform diagram of FIG. 7B, the potential of the high voltage electrode ₃ (3) during charging of the charging capacitor C is determined as the V (t) value according to the above rule, and the control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5). ) The potential of Becomes If C _y1 = C _y2 , the potential of the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) becomes V _(t) / 2, so that the potential between the two gaps between the electrodes of the discharger is divided evenly. This ensures equal potential strength or insulation strength by maintaining the same potential intensity of the electrodes exactly during the charging process of the charging capacitor C when the same intervals are maintained between the electrodes, consequently ensuring the maximum energy intensity of the discharger.

In addition, when charging of the charging capacitor C is completed, when the recharging process is continued in the circuits L, C _y1 , and C _y2 , the middle between the induction coil L and the diode D during the first half cycle, as shown in FIG. 7B. The potential of the point decreases to about zero. At the same time, the same procedure is performed with respect to the potential of the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5). At this time, the potential difference in the interval between the control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5) and the high voltage electrode Э ₃ (3) begins to increase to 2V ₀ , the charging voltage of the charging capacitor (C), and the energization of the electrode gap, which is a parameter of the discharger. When the voltage (V ₀ <V _{conduction (sp)} <2V ₀ ) is properly selected, the gap between the electrodes Э ₂ and ₃ is destroyed at the front of this process and is energized by spark discharge, which causes the charging capacitor (C) the gap between the charging voltage of the voltage across the high voltage electrode Э _{3 (3)} 2V ₀ yi jojong electrode Э ₂ (4, 5) is caught by the ground electrode Э ₁ (6) and control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5) the The gap of 2 is also energized by an overvoltage, so that the discharger is in a conductive state instantaneously.

In addition, in the waveform explaining the voltage variation between the discharger voltage and the electrode according to the charging of the charging capacitor C shown in Fig. 7B, the interval voltage at which the energization of the Э ₂ Э ₃ gap at which the discharger starts is generated is indicated by a "γ" point. In order to perform a stable operation of the discharger, the "γ" point may be adjusted to the "α" point and the "β" point by adjusting the electrode gap.

In the present invention, in the three-pole spark electrode circuit having an adjustable control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5) of the frequency operation method, a more complex shaping can be formed as shown in FIG. Provided is a discharge circuit to which a control circuit is added.

The circuit of FIG. 8A relates to the discharge circuit developed more than that of FIG. 7A, _{wherein the} capacity divider for steering using a capacitor (C _y1 + C _y3 =) is used to equalize the potential difference caused by the gap between the electrodes when the charging capacitor C is charged. C _y2 + C _y2 ) was supplemented. When the charging capacitor C is completely charged by the above-described method, the diode D is closed, and subsequent recharging process operates only the steering capacity division capacitors C _y1 and C _y2 . The reason is that the capacitor division capacitors C _y3 and C _y4 are blocked by the second diode D ₁ . If C _y1 C _y2 is used, the voltage change of C _y1 can be ignored compared to the voltage change occurring at C _y2 . Therefore, the variable value related to the operation of this circuit is determined by the capacity of C _y2 , and the maximum value is 3V. Can reach _zero . This corresponds to three times the current flow counter to that of the voltage V ₀ Э ₂ Э _third gap neighborhood.

As a result, the potential of the Э ₂ Э ₃ gap instantaneously rises to 3 V ₀ , which is almost three times the supply voltage, resulting in more reliable start-up of the discharger. The third diode D ₂ and resistor R _y2 are also used to discharge the voltage charged in the capacitor division capacitor C _y4 so that all the elements of the control circuit can be initialized immediately after the discharge operation and before the start of the next cycle.

Arranging the energization point "γ" between the "α" point and the "β" point, which are stable operating areas of the discharger, may be most suitable as shown in FIGS. 7B and 8B in view of the maximum stability of the discharger operation. However, due to the change in the electrode gap during long-term use due to continuous use, and in order to extend the working period in terms of regular work on the operation and maintenance of the discharger, it is necessary to select an appropriate combination of the charging voltage and the distance between the electrode gaps, It is practical to place the point "γ" near the "α" point initially. This causes the energization point "γ" to move toward the "β" point in accordance with the wear of the electrode according to the operation of the discharger, and upon reaching this point β, the electrode spacing must be readjusted. In the present case, the gap between the electrodes is adjusted by selecting a parameter change element capable of arbitrarily or automatically adjusting the adjustment support 2 and the rotation shafts 6 and 7 to which the flange 7 and the electrodes 3 to 6 are connected.

In addition, in the present invention, in order to maintain a more stable discharge characteristics by preventing the change of the electrode surface, which is one of the characteristics of the spark gap that is unavoidable in the long-term operation practically in preparation for the change of geometric and physicochemical characteristics of the electrode surface. At the same time, an auxiliary electrode P _yФ (9, 10) that emits ultraviolet rays is added for the purpose of forming a discharge excitation state associated with starting the discharger.

In order to achieve this object, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9, 10) are disposed near the gap of Э ₂ Э ₃ . As shown in the circuit diagram of FIG. 8A, the buffer capacitor C _yФ and the auxiliary spark gap, that is, the auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9, 10) connected in parallel with the diode D via the buffer resistor R _yФ are disposed.

When the charging of the charging capacitor C is completed and the diode D is closed, the voltage charged in the capacitor division capacitors C _y1 and C _y2 through the induction coil L starts discharging by LC resonance. By this discharge circuit operation, the voltage of the R _yФ C _yФ circuit having a charge charge capacity of approximately 10 ⁻⁶ coulombs (c; Coulomb) connected in parallel with the diode D starts to increase. When the voltage in the capacitor C _yФ capacitor reaches a constant value, spark discharge due to insulation breakdown occurs between the gaps of the auxiliary electrodes 9 and 10, which are the auxiliary spark gaps P _yФ connected in parallel, _so that the electrodes of the discharger due to impulses Э ₂ Between the gaps of ₃ will emit a light that shines lightly. Therefore, the surface of each electrode of the Э ₂ Э ₃ gap is always kept clean as the initial state due to the ultraviolet radiation, and at the same time, it forms a charged particle that induces energization, thereby discharging the excitation to start the discharger between the Э ₂ Э ₃ gap. Form a state. This is because the auxiliary electrode P _yФ (9, 10) method proposed in the present invention is more stable in terms of simple structure and operation principle, and is more economically efficient than the conventional methods for irradiating radiation from the outside. To provide.

This series of actions also occurs in the gap between Э ₁ Э ₂ , the second gap of the discharger. This is because the pair of electrode gaps are arranged in parallel, which is the _first gap due to the spark discharge due to the transient voltage of the Э ₂ Э ₃ gap, which is almost twice the gap voltage between the _second gap Э ₁ Э ₂ . Э ₂ Э _{3 This} is achieved by impulse ultraviolet radiation generated during energization of the gap. The effect of the supplementary illumination by the ultraviolet radiation is due to the close relationship between the two pairs of gaps corresponding to the ignition intensity and the maximum illuminance condition, and the parallel arrangement and the auxiliary electrode P _yФ (9, It is closely related to the arrangement of 10).

In addition, since the starter circuit of the discharger according to the present invention does not require a special synchronization circuit and a separate external trigger circuit (Trigger Circuit), the circuit is more simplified and independently frequency control only by controlling the control electrode by its own operating conditions Since various characteristics such as switching operation voltage of operation and discharger can be adjusted, reliability and stability can be improved, which is particularly useful for practical industrial applications.

In the mechanical configuration of the discharger shown in Figs. 1 to 3, cross-sectional views of the electric circuit components of the discharge circuit described above are omitted.

The material of each of the electrodes 3 to 6 used in the discharger according to the present invention uses a material of tungsten and copper powder alloy (W + Cu) in consideration of strength and physical-chemical properties. This is in consideration of the conventional wear resistance against wear of the electrode by the spark discharge due to the spark gap characteristics during operation of the discharger. The main body 1 of the discharger has a closed type structure in terms of the use of compressed air for the purpose of insulation recovery and stable characteristics between the electrodes in Figs. 1 and 3, and is sized for the use of the discharger for switching high voltage. In order to minimize the efficiency and to manufacture efficiently, insulation materials such as Teflon are used in consideration of workability due to special structure.

At the same time, the adjusting support 2 of FIG. 1 is made of copper (Cu) material in consideration of the characteristics of the electrical circuit, and the flange 7 which is used for adjusting the electrode gap in combination with the adjusting support 2 has a main body. Use the same material as The metal protective film 11 uses the inner wall of the main body 1 as a control electrode ( ₂ ) through the purpose of protecting against ultraviolet radiation and electrical connection between the electrode 4 and the electrode 5 in the discharger of FIG. 1. It can also be used to simplify the electrical connection.

Operation of the discharger for insulating recovery characteristics of the electrode by the compressed air of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, as shown in the electrical connection of the discharger of FIG. 5, one of one pair of electrodes and the other pair of other pairs of electrodes arranged in parallel by using an electrical conductor outside the metal protective film 11 or the discharger is electrically connected. Connect with 4 and 5 show an example of electrically connecting the electrodes disposed diagonally, the configuration of this arrangement can be arranged either on one side or diagonally according to the practical arrangement of the discharger. This may be arranged in a form in which the electrode gap can be easily adjusted according to the arrangement.

In FIG. 4, the air flowing into the discharger through the air supply pipe 8 shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 is diffused in a constant distribution by the air induction line 12 disposed in a linear direction with the electrodes, thereby forming a cylindrical electrode ( Air flowing through the entire area from the outer surface of the 3 to 6 toward the center, and the air passing through the small gap of the electrode gap is passed through the interior of the cylindrical electrodes (3 to 6), the support structure of the tubular structure of copper ( 2) is discharged to the outside of the discharger body (1) through the interior. At this time, the socket 20 is attached to the end of the pipe-shaped adjustment support 2 and the end of the air supply pipe 8 for air supply and exhaust, and is connected to an external pipe to perform air supply. The air supply is compulsoryly supplied using a pipe connected to the adjusting support 2 as opposed to forcibly supplying air through the air supply pipe 8 and a method of forming a closed path using a filter and a gas flow cooler. It is possible. In addition, it is also possible to further improve the operating characteristics of the discharger by using an insulating gas or a mixture of insulating gas and air instead of air.

The use of compressed air in the present invention is used for the purpose of rapid insulation recovery between electrodes by removing electrode erosions caused by spark discharges between electrode gaps of dischargers and charged particles such as plasma ions formed during discharge. At the same time, it is also used for the purpose of cooling the electrode to prevent the loss of electric power due to the deterioration of the electrode due to the high energy transfer between the electrodes by the operation of the discharger, and to prevent the characteristic change of the electrode material.

Therefore, in order to maintain the frequency operating characteristics according to the present invention, it is necessary to have a flow rate of air within the frequency operation time of the discharger as a gap between the electrodes corresponding to the conduction region of the discharger in relation to the period of the first operation and the next operation of the discharger. Most important of all. The air consumption required for stable operation of the discharger can be easily obtained through this correlation. That is, all the parameters may be determined according to the gap of the electrode and the size of the electrode to determine the voltage for operating the discharger according to the capacity and operating frequency of the discharger.

In addition, in relation to the flow of compressed air used for maintaining stable characteristics of the discharger, which is a feature of the present invention, the geometry of the electrodes 3 to 6 is in the form of a cylinder and the adjustment support 2 is used as a concentric circular tube. By this the electrical theory can be applied that the electric field inside concentric circles with the same polarity becomes zero, which prevents the potential hardness due to the charged particles generated by the spark discharge between the electrodes and during the discharge operation. It should be noted that the configuration is for preventing the change in operating characteristics and power consumption due to the difference in potential hardness.

The operating limit frequency of the discharger according to the present invention depends on the complex function of the various parameters. These parameters depend on the material of the electrode and the geometry of the electrode, the air velocity and pressure, the switching energy switched per operating impulse of the discharger, the conditions under which the discharge voltage and discharge current flow. When the air is not used under the same conditions in these conditions, the experimentally obtained operating frequency of the discharger is limited to a value of 200 to 400 Hz, but this is inferior to the prior art as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. Only the configuration and structure of the discharge circuit can be said to exhibit excellent characteristics compared to the prior art. By using compressed air in addition thereto, not only can the property be increased by more than 10 times, but also the long life and stable operation characteristics of the electrode according to the above-described principles can be obtained in practical long-term use. The consumption of air used can be determined by a series of parameters with respect to the actual operation of the discharger.

In order to operate the discharger to have a frequency operating characteristic of about 2 to 3kHz for the switching power of about 10kW by using the discharger according to the present invention, air of 10 to 50 liters (10 to 50 L / sec) is required. By determining the parameters of the consumption of air according to the required operating conditions of the discharger, it is possible to arbitrarily adjust the operating characteristics of the discharger.

In addition, in adjusting the operating characteristics of the discharger by the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) according to the present invention, it is important to first control the spacing between the discharge electrodes according to the operating characteristics of the discharger. In the discharger configuration of FIG. 1, the gap adjustment between the electrodes is performed by the adjusting support 2 and the flange 7 of a special structure connected to the electrodes 3 to 6. By the combination of the adjusting support 2 and the flange 7 having a pitch of regular intervals, it is possible to automatically adjust the electrode gap during regular maintenance of the discharger or to automatically adjust the electrode by attaching a rotating body (not shown). have.

In the automatic adjustment of the electrode gap using an external rotating body, the voltage waveform applied to each electrode of the discharger can be detected by using a general high frequency measurement circuit, and the electrode can be automatically adjusted by using a microprocessor or by configuring a separate circuit. Since a variety of general control methods can be used, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In the industrial practical use for the discharger of the present invention, the automatic adjustment of the electrode gap provides a configuration which can be arbitrarily adjusted during the maintenance of the discharger or during regular maintenance according to the continuous use.

In the discharger of FIG. 1, the arrangement of the base electrodes 3 and 6 and the control electrodes 4 and 5 has the same configuration and structure, so that the adjustment of the electrode gaps according to the arrangement of the actual discharger is difficult. According to an advantageous arrangement, the control electrodes 4 and 5 can be arbitrarily arranged in parallel or diagonal positions with respect to each pair of electrode gaps, so that the arrangement according to the application of the actual discharger is not greatly restricted.

The role of the additional auxiliary electrode P _yФ (9, 10) of the present invention is closely related to the life and stable operating characteristics of the discharger as described in the above operation principle and configuration. The arrangement of the auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9, 10) is such that one of the auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9, 10) has a discharge circuit of Fig. 8A next to a gap of Э ₂ Э ₃ which is the first gap. According to the configuration of the high voltage electrode (3) is placed directly connected to the _three electrodes, another relative auxiliary electrode 10 is fixed to the main body (1) through the auxiliary electrode support 13 and the auxiliary to the outside of the discharger The electrode circuit is constructed and performed.

The discharger according to the present invention has stable operation characteristics against overvoltage and overload due to load fluctuations and the like frequently occurring in the operation of a general discharger. The fluctuation value of the allowable load of the discharger according to the present invention performs stable operation within a fluctuation range of ± 20% of the average discharger operation value. Compared with the risk of breakage of the insulating support in the discharger of the present invention, the configuration of the three-pole discharger by the configuration of the control electrodes Э ₂ (4, 5) of the present invention reduces the impact from overload by dividing the electric strength evenly. Absorption of an electric field using a cylindrical electrode structure and a concentric tube prevents the loss of energy and provides a high durability against the overload caused by sudden load fluctuations.

The present invention can provide a switching method and a switching element, which is a core technology necessary for energy switching of a high voltage pulse power supply device and an impulse generator whose industrial use is being amplified by the above-described principle and configuration, and compared with the conventional technology in actual industry. It can be used in the equipment of high voltage pulse application which has the stability and efficient operation characteristics required at the same time, and the long life of continuous commercial purpose is required, and the mechanical physics for plasma generation in relation to the plasma technology applied to various applications of the recent industry And in the fields of electrophysics and physical chemistry.

As described above, the present invention is a discharge circuit for stable operation control in the discharger having a three-pole electrode structure having a control electrode Э ₂ (4, 5), air supply for rapid recovery between the electrodes, between the electrodes Auxiliary electrodes P _yФ (9, 10), which help maintain stable discharges and maintain reliability, and have long lifespan even in continuous use due to the structure and arrangement of each electrode, and do not require a separate starting circuit and high voltage pulses. It is possible to provide a high voltage pulse switch having a large power switching characteristic capable of high-frequency switching of.

In addition, the discharger according to the present invention makes it possible to arbitrarily adjust a high voltage impulse having a frequency characteristic of several kilohertz (˜kHz) in a simple and efficient manner, and is required to generate high frequency characteristics and high voltage impulses for industrial or other purposes. It can be used as a spark-gap switch (discharger) or switching element, which is the key technology for the device.

In addition, on the basis of the safety and reliability in the configuration of the discharger there is an effect that can significantly reduce the size of the device in the manufacture of a high voltage pulse power supply or pulse generator required for the actual industry.

Claims (6)

In the high voltage impulse discharger having a three-pole electrode characteristic for forming a high voltage impulse, An enclosure body 1 made of an insulating material; Two pairs of adjustment supports (2a to 2d) in the form of tubes extending inwardly from both sides of the main body (1); Four electrodes (3 to 6) having a wall-thick cylindrical shape disposed axially at an end of the adjustment support extending into the main body and spaced apart from each other by two pairs to face each other; A flange (7) coupled around the adjustment support of the outer surface of the body for axial micromovement of the electrode; Rotation of the flange 7 adjusts the gap of the opposing pair of electrodes, A metal air supply pipe (8) connected to supply the air into the main body (1); An air induction path 12 for inducing a constant air flow into the gap between the two pairs of electrodes in the main body; And And a discharge circuit electrically connected to the electrodes 3 to 6 outside the main body 1 to control proper operating conditions of the discharger. In the four electrodes 3 to 6, one electrode 4 of the pair of electrodes and the other electrode 5 of the other pair are electrically connected to each other to perform a function of a control electrode, and each pair The high voltage impulse discharger, characterized in that the remaining electrodes of the electrodes of the high voltage electrode (3) and the ground electrode (6). delete According to claim 1, wherein the air supplied through the air supply pipe (8) uses compressed air, insulating gas or a mixture of insulating gas and air, the discharge of air is connected to the outer end of the adjustment support (2a ~ 2d) A high voltage impulse discharger, characterized in that carried out through the tube. 2. The auxiliary electrode (9, 10) according to claim 1, wherein the control electrodes (4, 5) and the high voltage electrode (3) or auxiliary electrodes (9, 10) operate between immediately before the start of the discharger and the start of the discharger between the control electrode and the ground electrode (6). And a metal film (11) is provided to protect the inner surface of the body (1) from ultraviolet radiation and erosion of the electrodes generated when the discharger operates. The induction coil (L) according to claim 1, wherein the discharge circuit is configured to cause the high voltage V ₀ applied to be charged to 2 V _{0 which} is twice the applied voltage by LC resonance to the charging capacitor C through the diode D; At the same time, the voltage 2V ₀ applied to the high voltage electrode 3, which is the voltage charged in the charging capacitor C, causes the values of Cy1 and Cy2 to the capacitance division capacitors C _y1 and C _y2 . Control capacitor division capacitors (C _y1 , C _y2 , C _y3 , C _y4 ) such that the applied voltage is half of the voltage applied to the high voltage electrode (3) and the diode (D) when the charging capacitor (C) is charged. Closed, only the capacity division capacitors C _y1 and C _y2 operate to cause an overcharge phenomenon, and the overcharged voltage through the control resistors (R _y1 , R _y2 ) and diodes (D ₁ , D ₂ ) connected to the control electrodes (4, 5) having an induction coil (L ₁₎ to cause a discharge to steer according to Sikkim rapidly decreasing the voltage applied to the steering electrodes (4,5) Pole (4, 5) and to significantly increase the potential difference between the high voltage electrode 3 and high voltage impulse discharger, characterized in that for starting the discharger. 2. The high voltage impulse discharger according to claim 1, wherein the control electrodes (4) and (5) are electrically connected through the air supply pipe (8) and the metal film (11).