JPS6113558A - Separator for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents

Separator for alkaline storage battery

Info

Publication number
JPS6113558A
JPS6113558A JP59134810A JP13481084A JPS6113558A JP S6113558 A JPS6113558 A JP S6113558A JP 59134810 A JP59134810 A JP 59134810A JP 13481084 A JP13481084 A JP 13481084A JP S6113558 A JPS6113558 A JP S6113558A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
separator
nonwoven fabric
winding
polyamide
alkaline storage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP59134810A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideo Sekiguchi
関口 日出夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resonac Corp
Original Assignee
Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Shin Kobe Electric Machinery Co Ltd
Priority to JP59134810A priority Critical patent/JPS6113558A/en
Publication of JPS6113558A publication Critical patent/JPS6113558A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/457Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/454Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014Alkaline electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/489Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
    • H01M50/491Porosity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent short caused by active material especially in the starting part of winding of plate by using polyamide base woven fabric or nonwoven fabric in the outer layers and using a polyolefin porous film in a part of at least one layer of the inner layers. CONSTITUTION:An outer layer 1 consists of polyamide base nonwoven fabric to retain electrolyte and brings a plate into good contact with a separator. A part of the polyamide base nonwoven fabric 3 is replaced with a polyolefin porous film 2. Thereby, short caused by coming off of active material in the starting part of winding is prevented.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は陰、陽画極板間の短絡防止を図ったアルカリ蓄
電池用ゼパレータに関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a zeparator for alkaline storage batteries that prevents short circuits between negative and positive electrode plates.

従来の技術 アルカリ蓄電池用セパレータに要求される特性としては
、電解液の保持能力が良く、吸液速度が速いこと、発生
ガス、帯電イオンの通過を妨たげないこと、電極から脱
落する破片や酸化物の移動を防止できること、貫通孔が
なく、シかも多孔質で内部抵抗が小さいこと等である。
Conventional technology Characteristics required for alkaline storage battery separators include good electrolyte retention capacity, high liquid absorption rate, no obstruction to the passage of generated gases and charged ions, and no obstruction to debris or oxidation that falls off from electrodes. It can prevent objects from moving, has no through holes, is porous, and has low internal resistance.

従来アルカリ蓄電池用セパレータは、高融点及び低融点
のポリアミド繊維の混合ウェブ又はた構造である。これ
らセパレータは、繊維全体が低融点の樹脂よりなるいわ
ゆる熱融着繊維を不織布結合剤として使用している。こ
のため不織布の結合点は融着する時に熱源が近くにある
表面部分では多くなるが、内部ではその数も少なく結合
も緩やかになってしまう。また表面部では融着点も多く
なるとはいえ、全体としては合成樹脂フィルムのネット
ワーク構造のように平均孔径が0.1μ以下、最大孔径
1μ以下のような均質なものは作られない。
Conventional alkaline storage battery separators are a mixed web or structure of high melting point and low melting point polyamide fibers. These separators use, as a nonwoven fabric binder, so-called heat-fusible fibers whose entire fibers are made of a low-melting-point resin. For this reason, when the nonwoven fabric is fused, there are many bonding points on the surface where the heat source is nearby, but inside there are fewer bonding points and the bonding becomes loose. Furthermore, although there are many fusion points in the surface area, overall, a homogeneous structure with an average pore size of 0.1 μm or less and a maximum pore size of 1 μm or less, like the network structure of a synthetic resin film, cannot be created.

発明が解決しようとする問題点 そのため極板を捲回する時に、捲回始めの部分や側面の
端部で極板から脱落する破片(活物質を含浸した焼結体
)がある場合には、この破片がセパレータにくい込んで
短絡を起したシ、活物質からデンドライトが成長して、
電池使用中に短絡を起こしたりする。これは、ポリアミ
ド繊維の結合が熱融着によるために、結合のむらが起る
と共に、セパレータの内部にわたって強固なネットワー
クが形成されないため、セパレータの表面層に突き刺さ
った極板から脱落した破片が簡単に対極に達してしまう
こともしばしばある。また活物質からデンドライトが成
長する場合でも結合のむらが多いためにその成長が起シ
易い状態である。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention Therefore, when winding an electrode plate, if there are pieces (sintered body impregnated with active material) that fall off from the electrode plate at the beginning of winding or at the side edges, This debris embedded in the separator and caused a short circuit, and dendrites grew from the active material.
This may cause a short circuit while the battery is in use. This is because polyamide fibers are bonded by heat fusion, which causes uneven bonding and does not form a strong network across the inside of the separator, making it easy for debris to fall off from the electrode plates that penetrate the surface layer of the separator. Often times we reach the opposite end of the spectrum. Furthermore, even when dendrites grow from the active material, the growth is likely to occur because of the uneven bonding.

問題点を解決するだめの手段 本発明は上記のような短絡を解決せんとするものであり
、セパレータを構成する繊維層として上、下の外層には
ポリアミド系の織布または不織布を用い、内層の少なく
とも一層はポリアミド系の織布または不織布の一部分を
ポリオレフィン系樹脂多孔膜に置き換えたウェブを使用
し、これらで構成されたサンドイッチ構造のウェブを加
熱、加圧し、その結果として内層の一部にポリオレフィ
ンフィルムで強固なネットワーク構造を有するようにし
たものである。
Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned short circuit, and uses polyamide woven fabric or non-woven fabric for the upper and lower outer layers as the fiber layers constituting the separator, and for the inner layer. At least one layer of the inner layer uses a web in which part of the polyamide woven fabric or nonwoven fabric is replaced with a polyolefin resin porous membrane, and the sandwich structure web made of these is heated and pressurized, and as a result, part of the inner layer is heated and pressurized. It is made of polyolefin film and has a strong network structure.

作用 特に極板の捲き始めの部分で極板の活物質等が貫通して
短絡するのを防止したものである。
Function: Particularly at the beginning of winding of the electrode plate, the active material of the electrode plate is prevented from penetrating and causing a short circuit.

実施例 外層1はポリアミド系不織布であり、電解液の保持や極
板とセパレータの接触を十分に行なうために必要である
。またポリオレフィンフィルム2がポリアミド系不織布
3の一部分と置き換えてあり、極板の捲き始め部分にポ
リアミド系不織布3を使用することによシ捲き始めの部
分に多い脱落物の破片による短絡の防止を行なうもので
ある。
The exception layer 1 is a polyamide nonwoven fabric, and is necessary for retaining the electrolyte and for sufficient contact between the electrode plates and the separator. In addition, the polyolefin film 2 replaces a part of the polyamide nonwoven fabric 3, and by using the polyamide nonwoven fabric 3 at the beginning of winding of the electrode plate, it is possible to prevent short circuits caused by debris that often falls off at the beginning of winding. It is something.

更に詳細に説明する。This will be explained in more detail.

まず6ナイロン繊維2デニ一ル38■カツトso%、6
ナイロン繊維3デニール51鰭カツト50チの混合繊維
ウェブ、目付量soy7m1、厚さ1、O■を用意する
。またこれとは別にポリエチレンフィルム、平均膜厚0
.08m+、最大孔径1μ以下、平均孔径0.09μを
準備する。この6ナイロンウエプとポリエチレンフィル
ムを第2図のように、上、下の外層には6ナイロンのウ
ェブ4を置き、内層にはポリエチレンフィルム2を中心
に両側に6ナイロンウエブ5を配置して積層する。この
積層したウェブをポリビニルアルコールの129g水溶
液に含浸して乾燥を行ない固形付着量5チの不織布を作
る。これを150°Cに加熱したロールで熱圧して厚さ
0.22〜0.25mの第1図に示す不織布セパレータ
ーを得た。
First 6 nylon fiber 2 denier 38■ cut so%, 6
Prepare a mixed fiber web of 50 pieces of 3-denier 51-fin cut nylon fiber, with a basis weight of 7 m1 and a thickness of 1 O. In addition to this, polyethylene film, average film thickness 0
.. 08m+, a maximum pore diameter of 1μ or less, and an average pore diameter of 0.09μ are prepared. The nylon 6 web and polyethylene film are laminated as shown in Figure 2, with the nylon 6 web 4 placed on the upper and lower outer layers, and the nylon 6 web 5 placed on both sides of the polyethylene film 2 as the inner layer. . This laminated web was impregnated with a 129 g aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and dried to produce a nonwoven fabric with a solid coverage of 5 cm. This was hot-pressed with a roll heated to 150°C to obtain a nonwoven fabric separator having a thickness of 0.22 to 0.25 m and shown in FIG. 1.

また従来品との差を明確にするために、比較例を示す。A comparative example is also shown to clarify the difference with conventional products.

6ナイロン繊維2デニール38■カツト50チ、6ナイ
ロン繊維3デニ一ル51mカット50チの混合繊維ウェ
ブで繊維目付80?/−を繊維の溶剤である塩化亜鉛溶
液に浸漬して繊維表面をわずかに溶解する。溶剤を取り
除いた後非容媒に含浸して溶解し九6ナイロンを凝固さ
せて繊維間の接着を行ない、ウェブを洗浄してから、1
10°Cで乾燥し、引き続き、145°Cに加熱したロ
ールで熱圧して厚さ0.20〜0.25mmのセパレー
タヲ得り。
6 nylon fiber 2 denier 38cm cut 50cm, 6 nylon fiber 3 denier 51m cut 50cm mixed fiber web with fiber basis weight 80? /- is immersed in a zinc chloride solution, which is a fiber solvent, to slightly dissolve the fiber surface. After removing the solvent, it is impregnated and dissolved in a non-vehicle to coagulate the 96 nylon to bond between the fibers, and the web is washed.
The separator was dried at 10°C and then hot-pressed using rolls heated to 145°C to obtain a separator with a thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 mm.

この2種のセパレータを使って電池を組み立てたところ
、本発明によるセパレータを極板の捲き始め部分にフィ
ルム部が当るように使用した電池では、従来のセパレー
タを使用した電池に比べて電池組立時の短絡発生率は3
2チに減少した。また本発明によるセパレータを使用し
た電池の充放電寿命試験を行ったが、セパレータの外層
は不織布でおおわれているため、保液量が足シないとい
うことも全くなく、従来の電池と比べて電池特性は同等
以上であった。
When a battery was assembled using these two types of separators, it was found that the battery in which the separator according to the present invention was used so that the film part was in contact with the beginning of winding of the electrode plate was faster to assemble than the battery in which the conventional separator was used. The short circuit occurrence rate is 3
The number has decreased to 2. In addition, we conducted a charge/discharge life test on a battery using the separator according to the present invention, and found that since the outer layer of the separator is covered with a nonwoven fabric, there was no problem that the amount of liquid retained was insufficient, and compared to conventional batteries, the battery The characteristics were the same or better.

発明の効果 本発明によれば特に極板の捲き始め部分における活物質
による短絡を防止することができる。
Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent short circuits due to the active material, particularly at the beginning of winding of the electrode plate.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明によるポリアミド系不織布の間にポリオ
レフィンフィルムを有スるセパレータの断面図、第2図
はポリオレフィンフィルムをポリアミド繊維不織布の間
に有する積層ウェブの断面図である。 1は外層、2はポリオレフィンフィルム、3はポリアミ
ド系不織布
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a separator according to the present invention having a polyolefin film between polyamide nonwoven fabrics, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a laminated web having a polyolefin film between polyamide fiber nonwoven fabrics. 1 is outer layer, 2 is polyolefin film, 3 is polyamide nonwoven fabric

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] ポリアミド系織布または不織布を用いたセパレータにし
て3層以上積層され、内側層の一部分をポリオレフィン
系樹脂多孔膜とすることを特徴とするアルカリ蓄電池用
セパレータ。
A separator for an alkaline storage battery, characterized in that the separator is made of polyamide-based woven fabric or non-woven fabric, is laminated in three or more layers, and a portion of the inner layer is made of a polyolefin-based resin porous membrane.
JP59134810A 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Separator for alkaline storage battery Pending JPS6113558A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59134810A JPS6113558A (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Separator for alkaline storage battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59134810A JPS6113558A (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Separator for alkaline storage battery

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6113558A true JPS6113558A (en) 1986-01-21

Family

ID=15137033

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59134810A Pending JPS6113558A (en) 1984-06-29 1984-06-29 Separator for alkaline storage battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6113558A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2628892A1 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-22 Accumulateurs Fixes OPEN NICKEL-CADMIUM ACCUMULATOR

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2628892A1 (en) * 1988-03-15 1989-09-22 Accumulateurs Fixes OPEN NICKEL-CADMIUM ACCUMULATOR

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