JPS5945457A - Developer - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a developer chargeable to uniform intense positive potential, and capable of visualizing a negative electrostatic image and giving a high quality image, by incorporating a specified silane coupling agent and fine silica powder treated with silicone oil. CONSTITUTION:Fine silica powder having 0.01-2mum average primary particle diameter obtained by oxidizing silicon halide compd., such as SiCl4, in a vapor phase is treated with a silane coupling agent having the shown formula (R is alkoxy or Cl; m, n are each 1, 2, or 3; and Y is a hydrocarbon group contg. at least one kind of amino, vinyl, glycidoxy, mercapto, and ureido), and further treated with a silicone oil having 5-5,000cst viscosity at 25 deg.C, such as methylsilicone oil to obtain a fine silica powder having 30-80 hydrophobic degree measured by the methanol titration method. A developer is obtained by mixing this fine silica powder with a binder resin, a coloring material, etc.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is based on the following features:
Static 6 in ``9: E' Concerning the developer for developing the image.More correct, direct or indirect?((Ie J') This invention relates to an electrophotographic developer that visualizes a negative electrostatic charge image and produces high-quality images.

The conventional electrophotographic method is US Special Consideration No. 2,297,691.
A number of methods are known, such as those described in the specification, ・For marking, a photoconductor is used to form an electrical latent image on a photoreceptor in one stage, and then the After developing the latent image using developer powder (hereinafter referred to as dotoner) and transferring the toner image to a transfer material such as paper according to the center spacing, it is heated, pressured, or exposed to a solvent to produce a copy. This is what you get. Further, when transferring a toner image to 11', J'+1, a step of 1 is provided to remove residual toner from the 1θ photoreceptor -1-.

``Developing method for visualizing electrical latent images using toner 7),
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,874. [Recorded in the 3rd Grand Prix]
The magnetic brush method that has been defeated, the cusp-1 development method described in No. 2,618,552-Zumei Phase 111: and the powder cloud V1 described in No. 2,221.77e, United States 1,'1. i1 No. 3,909,258; Q'7 (j.

How to add magnetic toner with a magnetic toner, if I+/(If I
There are known methods using various insulating magnetic 1-ners, such as those described in Publication No. 94751 and the like.

As a toner suitable for these developing methods, a fine powder made of a natural or synthetic resin containing 11 parts dye and 11 parts of the dyestuff is conventionally used. For example, if you add a coloring agent to 71 resin and mix it with 1~
Particles pulverized to 30μ, 4νHTI are used as toner. As the magnetic toner, one containing magnetic particles such as magnetite is used. In the case of a system using a so-called two-component developer, the developer is usually mixed with carrier particles such as glass beads and iron powder.
111 are combined and used.

The il (?lI) used in such dry developing toners is
Load control agents include, for example, amine compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds and organic dyes, especially basic dyes and their derivatives. Communication; Communication 11: The electric control agent is henzyldimethyl-hexatecylammoniu 1, chlorai i.
, Tesyltrimethylammonium 11 chloride, Nicrosin JXl! group, nigrosine hydrochloride, zafranin γ, and crystalline iodine, etc. the law of nature,'
Nigrosine jJp)^ and nigrosine hydrochloride are often used as IF'73 load control agents. These are usually added to thermal nJ plastic resins,
Disperse by heating and melting, and then finely pulverize.

It is used after adjusting the particle size to an appropriate size as necessary.

However, these dyes used as charge control agents have complex structures, undefined properties, and poor stability. In addition, decomposition during thermal QFD kneading, mechanical impact, friction,
Decomposition or deterioration occurs due to changes in temperature and humidity conditions, resulting in a phenomenon in which charge controllability deteriorates.

Therefore, when a toner containing these dyes as a charge control agent is used for development in a copying machine, as the number of copies increases,
The dye decomposes or changes in quality, causing toner deterioration during removal.

In addition, since it is extremely difficult to uniformly disperse dye 1 as a charge control agent in hot nf and plastic resin, the friction zone between the toner particles obtained by pulverization is It has the fatal drawback of causing a difference in the amount of electricity. For this reason,
Hitherto, various methods have been used to more uniformly disperse these dyes into resins. For example, 11
) I: Sex nigrosine dyeing ability.

1. Improving compatibility with thermal 11f plastic resin. In order to
It is used by making salt with high fat alcohol, but it is often used as a salt.
The fatty acid or jJl product is exposed on the toner surface and the carrier or toner Jf!
Contaminated J'1 body!・Low fluidity and fog of glue,
This causes low image density. Alternatively, for the transfer of these dyes into the resin,
First, dye powder and resin powder are mechanically crushed and mixed, and then hot melted #l white! 1. However, the reality is that it has not been possible to avoid the inherent defects and that the charge has not been uniformly balanced enough for practical use.

In addition, many of the dyes with 11 load/11L control properties are hydrophilic, and due to poor dispersion in these resins, when crushed after melting and kneading, the dye residue is exposed on the toner surface. . When the toner is used in high-humidity conditions, it has the disadvantage that a good quality image cannot be produced because it is dyed or woody.

In this way, when conventional dyes with iE charge control properties are used in () toners, between toner particles or
Between the toner and the carrier, and between the toner and a toner carrier such as a sleeve, variations occur in the amount of charge generated on the surface of the toner particles, resulting in problems such as development fog, toner scattering, and carrier contamination. Furthermore, these phenomena become noticeable when a large number of copies are made, resulting in a result of substantially -11, which is not suitable for copying machines.

Furthermore, under high humidity conditions, the transfer efficiency of the 1.S image decreases significantly, making it unsuitable for use. Even at room temperature, when the toner is stored for a long period of time, the toner often aggregates and becomes unusable due to the instability of the positive charge control dye used.

Also, II:6riiI! Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-22447 proposes a method for producing a controllable developer. This is a method in which metal oxide powder treated with aminosilane is included as a component of the developer.
The inventor of the invention tested this method in detail, using various aminosilane compounds, such as coroite silica, alumina 1. Titanium liquefaction, -meltification-111! lead.

When iron ferrite, γ-ferrite (, magnesilla oxide 1\, etc.) are treated with a developer according to the example described in the specification, in any combination, it is sufficient for practical use 11+1. It has become clear that the developer exhibiting this property has several drawbacks.

That is, many developers are #! preferred for faithfully developing a latent image +r1. It is not possible to maintain i +I ↑1. Although initially showing a desirable concavity, the initial characteristic +
If you keep 1 JI + KESU, it becomes something that cannot be used. That is, fogging is caused (1), toner scattering around edges occurs when copying line drawings, and image density is also reduced.

Other drawbacks include the high temperature, high humidity, and low temperature and low humidity environment conditions that cause images (low density of elephant gourd, scattering of line drawings, white spots, fogging, etc.) when developing and transferring. Nato) 1. This phenomenon occurs in development 1'4'1' and transfer 1', J
'+L's double-edged smell -CI+ is observed.

Another disadvantage is that the developer cannot be maintained for a long time. In other words, if the developer remains unused for a long time, its initial properties will deteriorate and it will become unusable. This is especially true for insects that cannot be stored for long periods in hot, humid environments.

Although JITI is considered to be the cause of these defects, the present inventors are concerned with the phenomenon described in -1- above! 11 (The cause of the result 1,1" is 1 yen of the obtained developer;
I found a JIG with a problem with 2D M's /IJ. This point will be discussed later with eleven examples.

That is, the object of the present invention is to:) - between the toner and the carrier, - between the toner and the toner, such as a sleeve, in the case of "component expression 1", and the toner and the carrier; To provide a developer in which the thicknesses 1, 1 are stable, the friction zone 1 (f,':, quarter 7j) is sharp and uniform, and the zone width 111 can be controlled to be suitable for the developing system used.

Another purpose is to develop a developer that faithfully develops and transfers the latent image, i.e., toner deposition in the background I-area at the time of development, i.e., to prevent fogging and toner flying around the edges of the latent image. 11 Only intersection, high image +8
The object of the present invention is to provide a developer that provides good halftone illuminance + development + 1.

Furthermore, another purpose is to prevent initial damage when the developer is used continuously for a long period of time. l'r +1 for 1 time, toner agglomeration and band 'FIi4. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a developer with no change in S f'l.

Another objective is to develop a developer that reproduces stable images unaffected by changes in temperature and humidity, especially to prevent splashes and ΦI during transfer at high and low humidity. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a developer with high transfer efficiency.

Still another object is to provide a developer with high storage stability that maintains the initial l'r +1 even after long storage at high temperature and high humidity conditions.

The present inventors 1. It solves the various problems associated with conventional 11-product toners as described below, and is evenly strong. l"Ili l,, negative (7) /i)'
As a result of intense research aimed at providing an electrophotographic developer capable of producing high-quality images, it was found that silicon halogen compounds were formed by vapor-phase melting. There is silica fine powder-C, and the 11-mushiri force box powder has the general formula 1% (R is an alkoxy group or a chlorine element f-; m is an integer of 1 to 3; Y is an amino group, hinyl, ,
(, mercaptonon, methacrylic group, tsl/ite], (
a hydrocarbon group containing at least one type of; n is 3 to 1;
treated with a silane camping agent indicated by
Furthermore, it has been found that when a developer contains fine silica powder treated with silicone oil, an electrophotographic developer exhibiting various excellent properties P1 can be obtained.

Here, the silica fine powder produced by gas phase oxidation is what is referred to as dry silica, or dried silica, and is a conventionally known silica powder. For example, it is a method that utilizes the thermal decomposition and liquefaction reaction of silicon tetrachloride sludge during the fermentation process, and the basic reaction formula is as follows.

Si0 sentence. +2H2+02→5iQ7 +4HC Bunme,
In this production process, for example, aluminum chloride or
It is also possible to obtain a composite fine powder of silica and other metal oxides by using 119 using titanium chloride and other metal/\halogen compounds together with silicon halogen compounds, and both are included.

The diameter of that talent 1' is medium.
Within the range of 01 to 21J, 11 is 9I,
Particularly preferably 1 day, 0002 to 0.2+1. It is better to use silica fine powder in IH4.

Commercially available fine silica powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of a silicon halide compound used in the present invention includes, for example, those commercially available under the following trade names.

00 80 'I'T600 OX80 MOX l 70 0K84 ) (S -5 H-5 Wacker IIDK N 20 V l
5 (WACKER-C) IEMIE GMB) 1 company)
N20E30 40 D -CFine 5ilica (Tau Corning Co., Ltd., N1) Fransol (F[6nsil N1) Conventionally, an example in which fine silica powder produced by gas phase oxidation is added to the horns of a silicon halokene compound in a developer is known. be. However, even in a developer containing a dye having a loading limit of 1, when such silica is cooled; 'It was inappropriate to visualize the 11f image of the tonne.

Regarding the phenomenon described in -1-, the inventor discovered that (l) [As a result of investigation, fine silica powder produced by gas phase oxidation of silicon halogen compounds in legumes is the 'rl of 1F charged developer.
We have found a small amount that reduces the L load or reverses the polarity.

Sara pko, jlt rub・;1? The amount of electricity is stable and expensive.
7 When a detailed inspection was carried out for the purpose of determining the chargeability of the developer, it was found that the triboelectric charge jfi/1j was sharp and uniform. Silica fine powder/nu formula RmSiYn'
(In the formula, all], (1;j, +iij ihoI
The silane campuri expressed by j-) was treated with hemisection and treated with silicone oil, and +
We have found that adding treated silica fine powder to a developer is effective.

1 to 1, change the ratio of 1 to 1 and 1 to 1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and 7, respectively, and change the treatment 1d of the compounding agent and the treatment agent to increase the degree of treatment, and the treated silica fine powder We have found that when the toner is contained in the developer, the value and distribution of the toner can be freely controlled.

The following silane cambling agents are applicable to the present invention.

11
9'shi
To Dog R Δ Treatment 0 Human :' * ℃ 5 Sasa S 2S Kei or sokuguchi (Monkey #Chi) λ Yu 16 High P 1p GuW Ha 2 Gore Concave JVJ l+ Supervision■〈Kuchi-sai Liesemi■. Name ÷ru 1
1. The silicone oil used in the present invention is: - The silicone oil is expressed by the following formula.

2000 centigrade: Corn oil has a viscosity of 11'L or approximately 5 to 5,000 centimeters at 25°C.
For example, methyl silicone oil, shimejiru silicone oil, phenylmethyl silicone oil, etc.
oil, phenylmethyl silicone oil, alkyl modified +1 silicone oil.

Preferable examples include Fatty Milk Co., Ltd. Silicone Mail and Polyoxyalkyl 17+1 silicone oil. 1 type or 2 or more types of IJ. It is used in the /I+i compound of

A more serious method for silicone oil treatment is to treat fine silica powder produced by base gas phase melting of a halogen compound with the above-mentioned silane camping agent, or after treating it with a silane coupling agent. 11;
1. Treat with silicone oil. Known techniques are used for the processing power method, for example, silica fine powder and silica/
The oil may be directly mixed with the oil using a mixer such as a mixer, or the solicorn oil may be sprayed onto the heath silica. or appropriate) 11
The silicone oil may be dissolved or allowed to dissolve in a molten still, and then combined with Heas's silica fine powder, followed by removing the solvent to form a 1'1 solution.

, / '6'' / The fine silica powder used in the present invention is treated with both the above-mentioned silane camping agent and silicone oil. The triboelectric charge is stable and high, and the triboelectric charge amount 4i is sharp and uniform. 15:85
~□85:15, and this ratio -V is changed by 1. Friction of developer containing nuclear silica fine powder 1
) When opening the mold, it is possible to set the ratio to the desired (lri), and this ratio can be selected arbitrarily.Also, it varies depending on the type of silane camping agent and silicone oil used. Preferably, the concentration of camplin agent and silicone oil is 0.1 to 30% relative to the silica fine powder.
wt%, more preferably 0.5 to 20wt%
It is desirable that

Finally, the degree of hydrophobicity of the treated silicon powder was determined as 3 as the degree of hydrophobicity measured by methanol titration test.
In the range of 0 to 80 (+ri), when the developer containing such fine silica powder is hydrophobized, the amount of triboelectric charge is sharp and uniform. It is particularly preferable because

Here, the methanol titration test is an experimental test to confirm the degree of hydrophobization of the silica fine powder, which has a hydrophobized surface.

The ``methanol titration test'' specified herein for evaluating the degree of hydrophobicity of the treated silica fine powder is carried out as follows. Capacity: 0.2g of sample silica fine powder j>4
Add to 50 mM water in a 250 mfL Erlenmeyer flask. Methanol is titrated from the Piureyl until all of the silica is wetted. At this time, the solution in the flask is heated using a magnetic cooler! Stir. The end point is observed by the silica fine powder bow, -1 tl becoming cloudy in the liquid, and the degree of hydrophobicity is 11'l of methanol and water liquid when reaching the end point! Percentage of methanol in the compound; expressed as oc.

In addition, these treated silica fine powders are most effective when applied in an amount of 0.01 to 20% based on the weight of the developer; When the rice is mixed, J-Aeel PI is added to 11" of 11" outside of the city. Sentence 41. to 0.01 3
Medium, )-% treated silica IYt powder
Wow, it's good that the old name is on the front.

Here, the developer of the present invention provides faithful development to the latent image and 4Il
, J11 speculates about the reason for setting the copy in a good position.

First, Seibun 11/+ 53-22447 Publication Specification i!
)'s method of containing a metal oxide powder treated only with aminosilane as a component of the developer has several drawbacks, as shown in the following.

The causes of these shortcomings can be cited at any time, but as a result of researching the phenomenon described in item 1-1 of the present invention, the cause is Ir rubbing of the flI developer () '1
I found a funeral that has a problem with 1M distribution.

In other words, when a developer contains metal oxide powder such as silica fine powder treated with only an aminosilane compound, in many cases it is difficult to faithfully express the I+1 phenomenon.
However, the developer's frictional charge (11) is extremely blow, and its (tl'i) also changes depending on the environmental conditions in which it is used. It is also confirmed that there is a developer that increases negative 11ii·'ton P1' by lI.

Here, the old friction 711--mold opening distribution is determined by 4111, which is close to the developing system used, and j1? It is a tunic. For example, a one-component development method using a carrier,
In other words, in the case of a cascade development system or a two-component magnetic brassica system, charging of developer particles is mainly achieved through contact with the carrier particle surface and the peeling process, but friction in such a developer system Charge li) distribution of A11l>j: The method is, for example, L, B, 5cbein et al. (J, Ar+p
lPhys, 46. No. 12, P5140 (1975
)) (7) Method or R, W, 5tover et al.
(19HProc, ^nn, Gonf, Photo, S
ci.

Eng,, 5PSE P158) and R,Ble
vis et al. (4th International C6
nf, on Electrophoto, Adv, Pr
1nt.

P61(+981)).

In a developer having such a broad triboelectric charge amount distribution, developer components having a small charge amount cause fogging, 11+ image defects, and j:jJl flyovers.

Oppositely charged components have similar negative effects. In addition, the large developer components of A11 and I11 are toner J1, such as carriers and developing sleeves! i, 'The physical reflection force on the body is difficult to develop as a person, and the image) causes a decrease in agricultural yield and roughness, which is undesirable. In addition, P of a developer containing fine silica powder treated only with such an aminosilane compound. The 4ff electric current 1B distribution changes depending on the environmental conditions 1, and especially in the high temperature, high humidity and low temperature, low humidity conditions f1, the distribution becomes unsuitable for development. That is,
At high temperature and high humidity, developer components with a small amount of charge increase, causing fog, low image density, and edges fH of the Don 1+ image.
Scattering at IJ and low transfer efficiency become even more noticeable.

For example, a triboelectrically charged acid content of a developer containing fine silica powder treated only with an aminosilane compound,
7 Types of minosilane compounds and 11 for silica fine powder
Even if 1 is changed, it is only possible to obtain a developer which is broad and has a friction band M ranging from a small component to an extremely large component with respect to a toner carrier such as a carrier or a developing sleeve. Further, the reversely charged component having a large value also has a slight influence. 1 using a conventionally known phenomenon method.
E. The forces related to the developer particles include electrostatic attraction force to the latent image, and in some cases, external electric force, reflection force on toner 111 holding bodies such as carriers and developing sleeves, and sticking cohesive force. and jll, I for each developer particle
The developer particles stick to the latent image due to the difference in force between the edges.

At low temperatures and low humidity, the amount of developer components with a large amount of charge increases, resulting in low image density, roughness, and fog, and increases in dropouts and voids during transfer. In addition, especially at low temperatures and low humidity, this tendency becomes more pronounced with continuous use of the developer, making it impossible to maintain the initial Jul characteristics and to withstand use.

On the other hand, the triboelectrically charged product distribution of the developer of the present invention is extremely sharp. A developer containing fine silica powder treated with such a silane coupling agent and preferably treated with silicone oil so that the degree of hydrophobicity as measured by a methanol test is in the range of 30 to 80. Although the detailed reason why the agent has such a uniform and sharp triboelectrification φ of 711 is not clear, it is probably due to excessive positive polarization due to the phase 11 of the compulsing agent and silicone oil. There are fewer components that have a negative effect on development and transfer (probably because the equilibrium value with leakage and 1E load accumulation makes production easier), and accordingly 4J and (lffit are There is little change under these conditions.

Examples of the binder resin of the toner of the present invention include monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polystyrene, polyP-chlorostyrene, and polyvinyltoluene; polymer,
Styrene-vinyltoluene co-7+ (combination, styrene-vinylnaphthalene co-polymer, styrene-acrylic-in-methyl copolymer, styrene-acrylic-in-ethyl copolymer, styrene-acrylic-in-methyl copolymer, Styrene-acrylic octyl copolymer, styrene-methacrylic methyl ester copolymer, styrene-methacrylbutyethyl copolymer, styrene-methacrylic butyl copolymer, styrene-alpha chloromethacrylate methyl copolymer Φ: copolymer , styrene-
Acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-wotashiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene- acrylonitrile-indene copolymer,
Styrenic co-polymer such as styrene-maleic acid copolymer, styrene-maleic acid ester copolymer; polymethyl mechryle-1, polybutyl mech-crylate-1, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, polyamide,
Epoxy resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide,
Polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, terpene resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin,
Aromatic petroleum resins, chlorinated paraffins, paraffin waxes, etc. can be used alone or in combination.

As the coloring material used in the I-ner of the present invention, conventionally known carbon black, iron black, etc. can be used. The dyeing process is used in combination with the treated silica fine powder used in the present invention.
II is 7: I can do it. For example, there are various Y-type compounds such as benzyldimethyl-heyasadecylammonium chloride, dela-Ayl-limethylammonium chloride, nigrosine hydrochloride, nigrosine hydrochloride, zafranin γ, and crystal violet 1.

Further, in order to use the toner of the present invention as magnetic toner 2,
It may also contain magnetic powder. Like this (definition f'l
As a powder, it is placed in a magnetic field and becomes magnetized.
There are powders for strong latin gold JI, such as S-ku, copal), and alloys and compounds with maggotite, hematite, and ferrite.

This (a) P+ powder content is 1 to 1 i4 toner.
5~70 嬬, 111%.

Furthermore, the i-ner of the present invention can be used with carriers such as iron powder, glass heath, garlic powder, ferrite powder, etc. as required. It is used as a developer for electrical H-i images.

The developer of the present invention can be applied to various developing methods. For example, Magnetic Brush Developing Power 1) 1, Cusp-1/Representation Method, US Special Edition, i'l'ff13, 909.25891. I
ll detail; 4j d. IU Force using a worn-out conductive magnetic toner:, 4□7 Open and Shu 53-31138 publication method using a high resistance magnetic toner, JP-A-54-4
Examples include methods described in 2141 Bow Publication, 55-186565 Publication +1 Publication, 54-43027 Publication, etc., fur brush development method, powder cloud method, impression development method, etc.

The first 1. of the heavily charged developer constructed in this manner. ν
The properties of the toner particles are particularly high when used as a true developer, since fine silica powder treated with a silane coupling agent and silicone oil is used as a charge control agent. The friction zone between the toner and the carrier, or between the toner and the toner material such as a sleeve in the case of component development.The paper is stable and the triboelectric charge molecule aj is sharp and uniform. It is suitable for the developing system 1, which can control the upper mold 1j1, so it eliminates problems that could not be solved sufficiently in the past (e.g. fogging, around the etch of the latent image, and skipping of 11
There are only 9, 11, 11 and 11, and a half-length version of P1 is good.

Furthermore, even when the developer is used continuously for a long period of time, the initial level of #llt'l is maintained, and high quality images can be used for a long period of time.

Some more practical uses 1. She has yellow nails and G-ness. That spit is high! Due to the use of high-quality environmental conditions, the friction band type distribution of the developer is always sharp) ii + i: There is no difference from that of Hatakekika, so it is faithful to fog, low image density, and latent images. In addition, it has excellent transfer efficiency.

Also, low I! ,,! Even when using low humidity condition 1, the friction zone 41 is almost the same as that under normal humidity; There is no drop or fog, and there is almost no roughness or fly 11 crossing during rolling I, which is an amazing characteristic of +t1.

/ :11. %BL・? ”': 11 ← Magazine・) Other q, characteristic 1 sun, high 7i, a high / rising melon condition, even if it is kept for a long period of time, the initial characteristic +1 is accompanied by the stability. It's in an excellent position.

Furthermore, another cow 11 Atsushi 1, load iI on the conventional 11! : system i
There is a selection + 1 between the color 2 + X - Somezuki 1 sun, and the binder resin used because of 1 defect in the melting, and the combination with the resin is also not as small as 1-1 color. However,
111 of the fine powder and resin used in the present invention
1 does not have a single option, and IX has a small structure that can be combined with any resin, and a wide range of configurations can be selected.

For example, lf, fever)! -'In addition to Ishikawa 1 year old, Tsukiriki Tei 10
It is used for capsules] and ner.

In particular, the treated silica phosphor powder used in the present invention is
If I make the surface I', i'i, IJ--space of the surface 'I'l+: (:i') Adjust the adjustment to the surface 11k, Since fine silica powder is 1"1r or 1", this effect is clearly divided by λ.
There is C.

Yet another 'll+ sign is!・The static latent image caused by the deterioration number in Table 1 when corona 1j4j is used on the surface is (+, Isoi, a phenomenon called "image blurring"). There is no small size.

Below-1-1 Basic configuration of the present invention and 4. +About the color!
Based on the above examples, I will offer a theory about people with unexploded IJ. However, this does not impose any limitations on the implementation of the present invention.
There is no size. % in examples? ] (The number is Chihayabe.

[Example 1] Nuthylene-phthyl acrylate - 1 100 double star 2'' (carbon blank 2./l Nigrosine 311I) 4 stones were well combined in a blender, and then heated to 150°C. The kneaded material was kneaded with wooden rolls.The kneaded material was left to cool and then roughly pulverized using a canter mill. The fine powder of 21 cis, 5,000 to 20 li is classified into 71 J.

Next, fine silica powder Aerosil 700 (manufactured by Aerosil 700) was placed in a closed mold heated to 70' (!), and 5.0% by weight of the silane cambling agent was added to the silica. In a cup to be treated with fj, γ-amin!propyl 11yl Ricoh 1t-sicylano was stirred at high speed while stirring at high speed (11%): The fine powder was heated at 120°C. After drying with
Without stirring, add Zinodel silicone oil (viscosity of 100 centipoise at 25°C) to the silica.
2', OIT;, :i: The dew erupted so that it was 2', OIT;, :i:Baseini. Stir at high speed IW for 2 hours in chamber 1, and then
The mixer was stirred for 15 hours at 40°C, then the mixer was turned on and brought up to atmospheric pressure.

This 7+1J compound is even more popular in May: 5II at room temperature.
IJ was dried. + (The degree of neutralization was 70.

0.4jTj of the treated silica 1 powder absorber to the fine powder
! 17. Add lf percent and use Henschel mixer. H
In 10 parts, the book-°l diameter is 100-130. ],
Add 100 parts of iron powder carrier to make 1'1 of developer.
is.

OpC photoreceptor 1. A negative static charge image is formed using the conventionally known 'rlf photography method, which is then powder-developed using the above-mentioned developer (e.g., with an air brush) to create a toner image, and then printed on paper. Transferred and heat-fixed.
The density of the green image was sufficiently high at 1.4, there was no fogging at all, and the toner around the image 1) A clear image with high resolution was obtained. 1. I created a continuous transfer image using a developer and adjusted the area 4+11, but
Comparing both transferred images after 100,000 sheets with the initial image,
/ Toku, the image was not that good.

Also, the environmental conditions were set to 3°C 185%, and both images? 1 μ degree is 1.30, which is a value that does not change much at room temperature and humidity, and there is no fogging, scattering or melting, and clear images are obtained, and the permanence is good up to 100,000 sheets. There was no change, and no image blurring occurred.Next, 10'010%
The image of the image that is rotated in low humidity and low humidity is 1 and the image is very dark! The Ll was high at ±1.45, and solid black was developed and transferred extremely smoothly, resulting in a bald image with no hollow areas when scattered. When I did 1 durability with this environmental condition ('l), I found out that it was copied continuously and intermittently.
Density variation up to 0 sheets is ±0.3, which is practical 1. [Comparative Example 1] A developer was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Aerosil 200 was not treated with γ-aminopropyl 1 Lie I Quinsilan and dimethyl silicone oil, and the development and transfer were 91. However, both the reversed images are 9! There is a friction zone and a friction zone.
llj: :Ii set -3,2 cog and 1 to the negative band. The degree of hydrophobicity of the silica at this time was O.

Example 2J (Example 2J) The developer was used in the same manner as in the example, except that no treatment was performed with dinodel silicone oil, and the image was folded in the same manner.

Always If! Under normal conditions, there is little fog, but the image liz degree is 0.
The line drawings are as low as 84, and the line drawings are 11 crossed, and the solid black is rough at 1.
11°). It was. ＋Ilto chipped・＼が、200
At 0 sheets, the density is as low as 0.46, and at 3000 sheets 11!
There was a picture of a cow on j. 35°C 85% row f1F
When I looked at the image at 111, the image was 0.50, and Mr. 1's recovery was flying! However, the scratchiness increased, making it difficult to use. Rishi: Photo effect - O (also 6
It was as low as 3%. The dφ hydration degree of the silica at this time was Oc.

When both images were obtained with the strip f1F of 10°CIO%, the image 1ψ
11 - The nail is low at 0.70, and the scattering, fogging, and scratching are rated 1/1 in transfer coloring. Continuous image formation was performed, but the density became 0.40 after about 500 sheets, making it impractical.

[Example 2] The procedure was the same as in Example 1, except that the silicone oil was methyl/\hydrocien silicone oil (trade name: T" SF 484 manufactured by Toshiba Silicone 1), but good results were obtained. (I was beaten.

[Example 3] Polyethylene 10 (l thousand, j, 1 part carbon black l // Spilint blank
When the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the toner was prepared using the same method as in Example 1, good results were obtained (+j).

[Example 4] γ-Aminopropyltrie I xysilane N.

The procedure was carried out in almost the same manner as in Example 1 except that N-dimethylaminophenyltriethoxysilane was used.
Good results were obtained. The degree of hydrophobicity of silica at this time is 7
It was 5. Examples and ratio table 1-2 -393-

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] A fine silica powder produced by vapor phase oxidation of silicon halogenated waste, wherein the fine silica powder is a + elemental atom;
m is an integer of 1 to 3; Y is a hydrocarbon containing at least one of an amino group, a vinyl group, a mercapto, a ureido, and a ureido, and n is 3 to 1; A developer characterized by (1) (1) containing fine silica powder treated with a silane coupling agent (an integer of (1)) and treated with silicone oil.