JPS58500474A - Pneumatic compression method and equipment for mold sand - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention Pneumatic compression method and equipment for mold sand Technical field The present invention provides a closed molding step in which one interface is formed by a master mold wrapped in mold sand. A method of compressing mold sand sealed in a housing using air pressure, and an apparatus for carrying out the method Regarding.

Background technology Known pneumatic compression methods generally rely on injection methods. In this method, empty closure A predetermined amount of molding sand is injected or blown into the molding wave in the form of a plug flow. mold sand injection is customary, especially in the case of the original mold (main mold), while the blowing method is especially used in the case of the desired mold Used in the case of cores whose hardness is obtained by adding an appropriate binder rather than through compression operations. be done. In the case of main molds, this type of binder, especially if used in large quantities, The injection operation itself and the high pressure applied during this process may cause problems when reclaiming old sand. Compression is performed by pressure. Furthermore, when injecting mold sand into the molding space, mold sand plastic Rather than applying high pressure air to the mold, the empty molding swee is depressurized and then filled. Connected to a filling container, the mold sand is placed into the molding wave by the action of atmospheric pressure applied to the mold sand. Injection is also known. Furthermore, before mold sand injection by overpressure and/or During injection, the molding space is evacuated and the vacuum first creates excess injection air. Creating an air cushion or air entrapment by eliminating it from the shape of the swipe as quickly as possible Combination methods for preventing issue).

Furthermore, mold sand is injected onto the master mold, and the mold sand is pressed and compressed, and then the mold sand is free-surfaced. It is also known to apply high pressure air of up to 7 pars to the surface for a period of less than 1 second. (West German Announcement No. 2,844,464). However, in this case the mechanical press It is necessary to supplementally compress the mold by evacuating the mold also during the press operation.

The energy consumption and air requirements of the known methods are extremely low; It was not possible to obtain sufficient mold hardness using this pure pneumatic compression method. . Furthermore, equipment costs are high in all cases.

Disclosure of invention The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the amount of energy and air required, and to minimize the equipment cost. Pneumatic molding sand that has an extremely low floor and can obtain large and uniform mold hardness. The purpose is to create a reduction method.

This purpose is based on the first aspect of the present invention, in which a molded waveform filled with molding sand is used. achieved by injecting air at a pressure of 00 to 1,000 bar/s into the be done. In this case, the pressure difference before and after filling the forming wave should be 0.8 to 8 pearls. It is advantageous if

In contrast to known methods, the method according to the invention requires, firstly, that The molding surface can be filled with molding sand, and air can be rapidly introduced into the molding surface. It has the great advantage of being able to perform compression. In this case, the pressure can be reduced within a few mS. It is important to achieve maximum absolute pressure of 8 pearls without any structural problems. can. In this case, it is clear from practice that what is important is not the maximum absolute pressure, but is the maximum pressure gradient. In other words, overpressure must be applied in the shortest possible time. do not have.

This involves abruptly connecting a normal-pressure molding suit filled with mold sand to a high-pressure air tank. This can be easily achieved by

It is advantageous if the air flow entering the molding space is directed approximately perpendicular to the molding sand surface. It turns out that However, satisfactory results were also obtained in other flow directions. can be done.

In a second aspect of achieving the object of the invention, the mold material ( Starting from the known method of compacting mold sand). The solution according to the invention The purpose is to allow high-pressure air of up to 15 pearls to act as a free flow on the surface. Self The kinetic energy of the free flow is due to the impact of the free surface of the mold material and the pressure acting on the back surface of the mold. In this case, the high-pressure air that enters the mold material creates a negative pressure inside the mold material. state, so on the one hand it can expand freely, and on the other hand, the compression effect due to the flow of the mold material subsidize.

In this case, first fill the molding space with mold material, then 0.4 to 0.2 bar Preferably, the system is evacuated to 100 mL and then subjected to a free flow of high pressure air. paraphrase If so, evacuation and compression by the high-pressure air free-flow hill are carried out sequentially in time. in this case, A vacuum is maintained during the free-flow compression operation, thus creating a large gap between the mold back and the mold surface. It is advantageous to maintain a constant pressure gradient. Thus, high-pressure air blows the deposited mold material The risk of air bubbles forming when entering the interior is eliminated.

If the requirements for mold strength are small, the molding space should be reduced to 0.4-0.2 pearls. evacuate the mold material and then fill the mold material, creating a high-pressure free flow of air on the free surface of the mold material. A method can be adopted in which the That is, the mold material is inside the evacuated molding space. A free flow of high-pressure air is accelerated by the pressure gradient at the is applied during the falling of the molding sand or after the completion of the filling operation.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the velocity of the free stream of high pressure air is supersonic. Why? This is because optimal energy conversion is performed above this critical speed.

The rate at the free surface of the type material forms the basis of energy conversion, which increases the predetermined In the example, high-pressure air free flow Sho 58500474 (4) Before applying the free flow, mold the material to increase the flow resistance of the layer near the surface. Coat on a flat surface. Thus, the compression effect can be further increased.

The above substances may be liquids (e.g. water, water-binder mixtures, synthetic resin solutions). Use a fine powder that does not inhibit the regeneration of the mold material.

The apparatus for carrying out the first aspect includes a master mold, a mold frame surrounding the master mold, and a mold frame for the master mold. an apparatus comprising a lid formed on opposite sides and a molding swivel for receiving molding sand Depart from. This device, based on the present invention, applies to the molding soot outside the surface of the molding sand. at least one nozzle opening opening at the nozzle opening; switchgear capable of building up pressure in the shaped space at a rate faster than 100 bar/s; It is characterized by being provided with. This pressure gradient is generated at one or more nozzle ports. This can be achieved by appropriately designing the opening/closing device and its drive mechanism.

In order to create the desired pressure gradient, the part of the molding space that does not contain mold sand is It is expedient to connect to the pressure accumulator via the port.

In this case, it is of course possible to provide two or more nozzle ports. In this case, each It is advantageous if the axis of the nozzle opening is arranged approximately perpendicular to the mold sand surface.

In a preferred embodiment, a nearly flat mold back can be created with little vortex flow, resulting in less damage. It is better to change the nozzle opening to a Laval nozzle ( Lava l di3 s e).

For large molds, the free flow created by the Laval nozzle covers almost the entire surface of the mold sand. The same effect can be obtained by configuring and arranging the Lapal nozzle rather than colliding with each other. this place In addition, the flow energy is optimally converted into compressive work for the entire cross section of the mold. .

An air outlet, possibly connected to a vacuum source, is installed in the area of the master in the molding space. It would be advantageous if provided.

Thus, in particular even at very high absolute pressures or at very large air volumes. , air can escape without disturbing the compression action.

Similarly, if the mold is particularly deep, it may be advantageous to provide an outlet at the bottom of the mold. Hidden Therefore, large and uniform mold hardness can be obtained even in such a deep range of the original mold.

Further embodiments of this device are characterized in claims 21-31.

An apparatus for implementing the second aspect includes a master support plate and a molding box placed on the plate. and a filling frame and a closing plate resting on the molding box, which together form a molding space. The starting point is a known device comprising a molding container and a filling tank containing molding sand. This known In addition, according to the invention, one or more openings in the molding space and connected to a high pressure air source are provided. It is characterized by having several free-flow injection nozzles.

The opening cross-sectional area of the free-flow injection nozzle and the nozzle installation height above the free surface of the mold material are: The choice must be such that the free flow acts on the entire surface of the mold material. this kind of To obtain the sound velocity within the cross-section of the opening of a free-flow injection nozzle, it is necessary to The opening angle of the nozzle must be 10-14°.

If the dimensions of the molding box exceed the specified dimensions, the nozzle length must be extremely long. , it is not possible to obtain an effective free-flow opening angle. If the molded box is very large, According to another feature of the invention, free The wall of the flow jet nozzle is provided with an opening that can be connected to a vacuum source. With this strategy, The opening angle of the nozzle can be increased. Increasing the opening angle will usually help reach the critical velocity. Vortex currents are already generated along the walls that inhibit the formation of However, the present invention Since this vortex is eliminated by the measures taken to At least the speed of sound can be achieved in the plane. In this case, since the opening cross-sectional area is large, , the free flow impinges on all free surfaces of the shaped material.

In an embodiment with the above-mentioned characteristics, the free-flow injection nozzle has a double wall, with The formed base is provided with a connector to a vacuum source. in this case , the connector can be connected to a vacuum source connected to the molding space.

As mentioned above, it is possible to increase the flow resistance of the layer near the surface of the mold material by spraying the liquid. It is advantageous. For this purpose, a device for dispersing liquid onto the free surface of the mold material is installed on the molding surface. Provided at the top.

The method according to the invention and the device implementing this method are suitable for final compression. in this case Furthermore, static compaction and/or scraping of the mold sand may be performed to flatten the back surface of the mold. can.

This method can also be used for supplementary compaction of molds previously compacted by injection or blowing. Possible 3 This method further includes the following: regardless of direction, i.e. from above and below and also from the original It has the advantage that compression can be performed even in the flat position. Furthermore, the prototype on both sides It is also possible to compress from above and below at the same time.

The invention will be explained below with reference to illustrated embodiments.

Brief description of the drawing Figure 1 shows a nozzle with a flat nozzle for forming the mold on one side only. The drawing of one embodiment, FIG. The drawing of the second embodiment equipped with a nozzle, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a drawing of an embodiment of the mold forming mold on both sides, FIG. , a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a device operating according to the second mode of the method according to the invention; FIG. 6 is a drawing corresponding to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment of the above device.

Best mode for carrying out the invention Figures 1 to 4 show the positions of the molding base filling device, the mold support plate, and the molding box. A device for determining (feeding, turning, lifting and locking) and a device for compressing the formed stalk. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a known conventional molding machine equipped with the following. These devices are not shown.

The molding space consists of a molding box 1 and a filling frame 2 placed on the molding box on its side, The lower surface consists of a plate on which the prototype 4 is placed, and the upper surface consists of a lid 5. Lid 5 is a play The nozzle opening 6 has a flat nozzle 7 shape. Power/Gu - the plate 5 is at the same time connected to the pressure accumulator 10 via studs 9 of large dimensions; Forms the lower surface of the connected prechamber 8.

The prechamber 8 is provided with an opening/closing device 11 .

In the illustrated embodiment, this opening/closing device cooperates with the upper surface of the lid plate 5 and has a flat opening. It is configured as a plate valve (or disk valve) 12 that opens and closes the nozzle 7. P The rate valve 12 is equipped with a lifting mechanism 13 provided outside the front chamber 8.

In the illustrated embodiment, the master support plate 3 forms the upper surface of the evacuation chamber 14. Excess air is drained from the forming wave through the outlet 15 of the plate 3 into the exhaust chamber. The air enters the bar 14 and is exhausted via the exhaust stud 16.

[Implementation of FIG. A discharge port 18 which opens to 14 is provided. In some cases, the exhaust stud 16 A vacuum pump can be connected. Similarly, provide an exhaust connector in molding box 1. You can also do that.

Unless the filling operation of the molding box 1 and filling frame 2 is performed outside the molding machine, the pre-chamber The bar 8 can be pivoted around a vertical axis located outside the molding space and thus is filled with a corresponding predetermined amount of mold until the mold sand reaches the filling height indicated, for example, at 19. Can be filled with sand. The free volume 20 on the sand surface 19 is made as small as possible. It is expedient to design the molding space. Then, rotate the prechamber 8 to lock. Next, the plate valve 12 is suddenly raised to release the pressure contained in the pressure accumulator 10. At least a part of the air is introduced from the flat nozzle 7 into one section of the molded seam and expanded. The mold sand is compressed by a combination of velocity head and injection pressure. Flat nozzle T and The cross-sectional area of the plate valve 12 and the drive mechanism 13 of the valve are determined by the molding space. It should be designed so that pressure builds up within the space at a rate as fast as 100 pars/second. Ru.

That is, if designed accordingly, this pressure build-up will be less than 8 pars, i.e. at an industrial high This can be achieved by an absolute operating pressure lower than the normal pressure of the pneumatic system. The compression time is The energy required for compression is on the order of mS and is extremely short, so the energy required for compression is on the order of Much less than the method. For example, dimensions 800X650 for one molding operation. The amount of air required for the molded box of X300 Rhyme is 1.3KI? , that is, 1.5Ni . Particularly on the outer surface of the master, extremely high compression values are obtained as desired. child The compression value is that the mold sand level 19 at the back of the mold drops to the area of the upper edge of the molding box 1 after compression. descend. The top layer of the height scale is made from uncompacted mold sand based on the flow effect. It can be scraped off or flattened by pressing.

The embodiment shown in FIG. The only difference from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the nozzle 20 is provided as a nozzle opening 6.

At the inlet 21 of the Laval nozzle 20, all installed Laval nozzles can be connected simultaneously. An opening/closing device 11 in the form of a plate valve 22 that opens and closes at will is provided. Rabalnos above pressure energy can be converted into interlocking energy without vortex generation and with low loss. Ru. Furthermore, during expansion, the high-pressure air flow is dispersed, so the back surface of the mold sand has a uniform action. receive. Furthermore, the supersonic speed achieved by the Laval nozzle is due to the fact that the air flow reaches the surface of the mold sand. The strength of the mold is further improved as it generates a high velocity head upon impact.

In the case of implementation C shown in Figure 1.2, the axial layer at the nozzle opening is almost perpendicular to the mold sand surface. Demeru. Fig. 3 shows an upper cover plate of a molded surface, unlike the above embodiment. 5 shows an embodiment in which a relatively large opening 23 communicating with the prechamber 8 is provided. . The nozzle opening 6 is provided on the side wall 24 of the prechamber 8, and is, for example, a rotatable nozzle. It is equipped with an opening/closing device 11. When the switchgear 11 is opened, high pressure air flows into the pressure accumulator 10. through the nozzle orifice 6 into the pre-chamber 8 and then into the molding space. and expands. In this case, the injection pressure does not contribute to compression, but the mold hardness is sufficient is obtained. In this example, the pre-chamber can act freely on the forming stroke. Since the member 8 is constructed and arranged so that it can be easily moved, the operation of filling mold sand is facilitated. easy and, if necessary, supplementary compaction at only one work station in the machine operations can be performed.

In FIG. 4, master molds 4 and 4' are placed on the upper and lower plates 3°3' of the exhaust chamber 14, respectively. We have shown examples that support this.

For the upper and lower prototypes 4.4', the forming box 1 and the filling frame 2 can be configured identically. . In this example, the cover plate (5, 5') of both molded surfaces is filled with It is constructed so that it can be introduced into the inner wall of the frame 2, ie into the molding space.

For this purpose, the cover plate is provided with a lifting area structure (not shown). place In some cases, only one cover plate 5 or 5' is provided with such a mechanism.

In this case, the prototype support play) 3.3'.

Forming box 1, 1' and filling frame 2, 2'c, and others vertically to the cover plate It is movable in the direction.

Similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the upper and lower cover plates 5°5' each have two Laval nozzles 20, 20' are provided. Upper and lower lapal nozzles 20, 20' Kj;j:, the opening/closing devices 11 and 11' are arranged, respectively. The above switchgear is , respectively, are installed in the prechambers 8 and 8'. Each prechamber has at least It is also connected to one high pressure air tank 10, 10'.

The upper cover plate 5 is primarily used for flattening and/or supplementary compaction of the mold sand. However, the lower cover plate 5' also plays another role. That is, the lower cover plate By charging the molding sand into the molding space, the molding sand 2 on the lower cover plate 5 wraps or covers the outer surface of the master mold 4' and the free surface of the plate 3'. to rise. Next, the switchgear is opened to release the high pressure air contained in the tank 10'. Perform pressure relief.

In order to release the high pressure air as effectively as possible, the lower Laval nozzle 20' is Furthermore, through the side bore 26, in particular for flowing the mold sand in the Laval nozzle 20', It is connected to a high pressure air connector 27 that supplies high pressure air for the purpose. Thus, mold sand is held in a floating state and at the same time reaches the valve seat when the switching device 11' is opened. is prevented.

As is well known, the molding machine shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 can be raised and lowered by a lifting stone 35. It has a work table 36. On the work table 36 is an original supporting the original 33. A mold support member 32 is mounted thereon. In the illustrated embodiment, the master support member 32 is a hollow bore. It is configured as a box and connected to a vacuum source. The original support plate of the original support member 32 The outlet is further provided with an opening 41 through which air can be sucked from the molding space.

A molding box 31 is placed on the model support member 32, and a vacuum connector is placed on the molding box. A filling frame 34 with a holder 42 rests on it. The top of the molding space is covered It is closed with a plate 38. between the cover plate and the filling frame and the filling frame. A packing 40 is inserted between the frame and the molding box 31.

A spray device 45 is installed on the cover plate 38 to spray a liquid onto the mold sand surface 46. That's it. The cover plate 38 is further connected to a high pressure air source via a valve 43. A spray nozzle 44 is provided which opens into the molding surface of the handrail.

The force plate 38 with the spray group #45 and the injection nozzle 44 is used to remove the mold material. Since it is mounted on a trolley that can run on molded space along with Yu/Li 37, filling A cover plate 38 can be selectively placed on the frame 34 for mold material. can.

The operation of the device for one line will be explained below.

First, the mold material tank 37 is placed on the filling frame 34. Bottom case of tank 37 - When the box is opened, it is made up of a model support member 32, a molding box 31, and a filling frame 34. The mold material is put into the molding frame. Next, move the trolley and install the spray equipment. 45 and nozzle 44 is placed on the filling frame 34. .

Next, the lifting piston 35 is operated to raise the entire molding space and remove the cover plate. Press the rate 38 against the fixed stopper 39. In this state, the molding space is tightly packed. Closed. Next, the master support member 32 and the filling frame are connected via the connector 42. evacuate the vacuum chamber 34. The air in the pores of the filled mold material is thus evacuated. 0. Once the desired negative pressure of 4 to 0.2 bar has been reached, the profile is sprayed by means of a spray device 45. After spraying the liquid on the surface of the material, valve 43 is opened and high pressure air is introduced into the mold in a free flow. It impinges on the material surface 46 and converts the kinetic energy of the flow into compressive force.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6, parts of the device that are the same as in the embodiment of FIG. 5 have the same reference numerals. Attached. In this embodiment, unlike in FIG. 5, the injection nozzle 44 has a double wall. , an opening is provided on the inner wall, and a vacuum connector 49 is provided on the outer wall. Yes, the double wall can be connected to a vacuum source for molded frame exhaust through the connector above. Ru. When negative pressure is applied, the generated vortex is sucked, so the injection nozzle 44 opens. The angle can be made larger than the limit value of 14°.

A modification of the embodiment of FIG. 6 includes a nozzle 44 and a spray device (not shown in FIG. 6). The carriage that guides the cover plate 38 and the mold material tank 37 is equipped with a A press head 47 is provided which includes a press plate 48 for additionally compressing the mold material.

The mode of operation is similar to the embodiment of FIG. That is, the pressure is increased by the free flow of high pressure air. After shrinking, the work table 36 is lowered and the cover plate equipped with the nozzle 44 is removed. 38 to the right, and at the same time move the press head 47 to lower it. Place the press plate 4 on the frame 34, then raise the work table 35 again and 8 is applied to the mold material surface 46. After pressing, the mold is removed in the usual manner.

FIG.3 international search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) Enclosed in a closed molding space whose boundary surface was formed by a master mold wrapped in molding sand. In a method of compressing mold material with air pressure, a molding waveform filled with mold sand is filled with 10 A molding sand characterized in that air is applied with a pressure gradient greater than 0 pearls/second. Pneumatic compression method. 2) Claim characterized in that the pressure gradient is at most 1,000 palls/sec. The method described in paragraph 1. 3) The pressure difference before and after filling the molding space is 0.8 to 8 pearls. The method according to claim 1 or 2. 4) Evacuate the molding space filled with mold sand to about 2 pearls, then high pressure air 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the method is characterized in that the is rapidly introduced. 5) Rapidly connecting the normal pressure molding base filled with mold sand to a high pressure air tank. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: 6) Direct the air flow entering the molding surface at any desired angle to the surface of the molding sand. Or, the method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has an angle when it is oriented vertically. Law. 7) Compress the mold material in an evacuable molding space that places the filled mold material under negative pressure. In this method, high pressure air of up to 15 bar is applied as a free flow to the free surface of the mold material A method characterized by causing the action to occur. 8) First, fill the mold material into the molding bath, and then fill it up to 0.4 to 0.2 pearls. evacuating and then applying a high pressure free flow of air. The method described in Section 7. 9) Evacuate the molding space to 4 to 0.2 mm, then fill with mold material. , applying a free flow of high-pressure air to the free surface of the mold material. The method described in box 7. 10) Claim 7, characterized in that the speed of the free flow of high-pressure air is supersonic. -The method described in item 9-. 11) Increase the flow resistance of the layer near the surface before applying a high-pressure free flow of air. Claims 7 to 10 characterized in that the substance is coated on the free surface of the mold material. - The method described in. 12) Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the mold material is mechanically supplemented pressed. The method described in -. 13) Mold sand consisting of a master mold, a molding frame surrounding the master mold, and a lid on the side facing the master mold. For carrying out the method according to claims 1 to 6, comprising a molding space for receiving a In the molding device, the molding space (1, 2, 3°5) is located on the sand surface (1 9) At least one nozzle opening (6) opening to the outside, and a When opened, a high pressure is created in the molding space at a velocity of more than 100 bar/s. A device characterized in that it comprises a switching device (11) and 7. 14) The nozzle opening (6) is provided in the lid (5) of the molded wave. 14. The device according to claim 13. 15) The part (19) of the molding bath (1, 2, 3, 5) that does not contain molding sand It is characterized in that it is connected to a high pressure air tank (10) through a drain opening (6). Apparatus according to claim 113 or 14. 16) The axis of each nozzle opening (6) can be set in any direction relative to the molding sand surface (19). Preferably, the invention is arranged in a vertical direction. The apparatus described in -. 17) Each nozzle orifice (6) is configured as a Laval nozzle (20). 17. The device according to claims 13-16. 18) Each Laval nozzle (20) ensures that the free flow created by these nozzles It is specially constructed and arranged so that it hits almost the entire free surface (19) of the sand. 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that 19) The area of the master mold (4) within the molding space (1, 2, 3, 5) is Claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the opening (15) is provided. equipment. 20) If the master mold (4) is particularly deep, an outlet (18) is also provided on the bottom of the master mold. 20. Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that: 21) The molding space (1, 2, 3, 5) is exhausted through the outlet (15°18) Claims 13 to 20, characterized in that it is connected to a connector (16). - The device according to. 22) The lid (5) of the I&[space is configured as a plate with a nozzle opening (6). 23. The apparatus according to claims 13 to 21, characterized in that: ) The nozzle opening (6) is configured as a flat nozzle (7) with a large cross-sectional area. The opening/closing device (11) is a large-area plate valve (12) cooperating with the plate (5). 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that it is configured as: ). 24) At least one Laval nozzle (20) is inserted into the plate (5). The opening/closing device (11) is connected to a valve that cooperates with the inlet (21) of the Lapal nozzle (20). Claim 17, characterized in that the valve is configured as a rate valve (12). The device according to item 18 and item 22-. 25) Two or more Laval nozzles (20) placed at the same height on the The opening/closing device (11) is located at the inlet (2) of all Lapal nozzles (20). Claims characterized in that it consists of only one disc valve (12) co-operating with 1) 25. The device according to paragraph 24. 26) Between the molding base (1, 2, 3, 5) and the high pressure air tank (10), A prechamber (8) is provided in which at least the movable parts of the switchgear (11) are mounted. The device according to any of claims 13 to 25, characterized in that: 27) Between the molding space (1, 2, 3, 5) and the high pressure air tank (10), The front chamber (8) is provided with an opening on the side wall (24) of the front chamber (8). Claims characterized in that the nozzle opening (6) is provided with a closing device (11). The device according to Items 13 to 16 and Items 19 to 21. 28) Vertical shaft with pre-chamber (8) outside the molding space (1,2°3.5) Claims 13 to 27, characterized in that it can be turned or moved around the line. The apparatus described in -. 29) characterized in that the pre-chamber (8) has a mold sand filling opening that can be closed to compacted snow; 28. The apparatus according to claim 27. 30) The play (5, 5') that forms the lid of the molding space (1, 2, 3, 5) is It is equipped with a lifting mechanism and is designed in a royal state along the side walls (1, 2) of the molded floor. 30. The device according to claims 13-29, characterized in that it can be used within the following range. 31) A claim that has a master mold on both sides, with upper and lower molding bases placed on each master mold. In the apparatus according to items 13 to 30, at least the lower molded frame ( 1′. 2', 3', 5'), mold sand (25) is poured into the nozzle opening (20') associated with A device characterized in that a high-pressure air connector (2T) is provided for the purpose of operation. 32) A prototype support member, a molding box placed on the support member, and a filling plate placed on the molding box. A molding surface and a molding material tank formed together from a plate and a cover plate. In an apparatus for carrying out the method according to claims 7 to 12, comprising: , connected to a high pressure air source and opening into the molding frame (31, 32, 34) - or a device characterized by a plurality of injection nozzles (44). 33) The wall of the injection nozzle (44) is provided with an opening that can be connected to a vacuum source (49). 33. The apparatus of claim 32, characterized in that: 34) The injection nozzle (44) has a double wall, and the space between the double walls has an exhaust Device according to claim 33, characterized in that the connector (49) is provided. . 35) At the top of the molding space (31, 32, 34), the free surface of the mold material (46 ) is provided with a device (45) for dispersing liquid. Apparatus according to claims 32 to 34 for carrying out the method according to claim 1. . 36) Injection nozzle (44) and spray device (45) are cover play) (38) 36. The device according to claims 32 to 35, characterized in that it is provided with K. 37) Cover plate (with injection nozzle (44) and spray device (45) 38) and the mold material tank (34) can run on the filling frame (34). Claims 32 to 36, characterized in that it is disposed on a turntable. The apparatus described in -. 38) The cart or turntable shall also be provided with a press plate (48). Claim 12 for carrying out the method according to claim 12, characterized in that