JPH10158975A - Shrink resistant finish of cellulose fiber-containing fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To impart excellent shrink-resistance to a cellulose fiber-containing fabric needing no resin processing without accompanying the loss of strength of a cloth by treating the fabric with a liquid ammonia and subsequently with a caustic alkali under specific conditions. SOLUTION: A cellulose fiber-containing fabric such as a plain fabric of 100% cotton is impregnated with a liquid ammonia kept at a temperature of <=-33 deg.C, and subsequently treated under heating to remove ammonia to convert the above cellulose fibers to the fibers having a cellulose III crystal structure. Subsequently, the above fabric is treated in a caustic soda aqueous solution of a 0.1-10wt.% concentration at a temperature of above 90 deg.C and not higher than 150 deg.C in a stressed state or in a stress free state, or treated with a caustic alkali in a caustic soda aqueous solution of a 10-40wt.% concentration at a temperature of -10 deg.C to 90 deg.C to perform a shrink resistance finish.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, and more particularly to a method for shrinking by washing without using a special resin processing agent and reducing the strength. The present invention relates to a method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, which has very little texture hardening due to repeated washing and has excellent shrink-proofing properties.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Cellulose fiber-containing structures have hitherto been widely used in clothing materials and the like because of their good hygroscopicity, texture, and ease of processing.

[0003] However, the above-mentioned cellulosic fiber-containing structure has problems such as shrinkage due to washing and hardening of texture due to repeated washing.

In this case, two phenomena are mainly involved in the cause of washing shrinkage. One such phenomenon is deformation due to various forces applied to the woven or knitted fabric during weaving and processing of the woven or knitted fabric. That is, when the woven or knitted fabric is rubbed in a free state where no force is applied during washing, shrinkage occurs to return to the original stable state.

As means for preventing such shrinkage,
There is a mechanical method represented by sanforizing. This method uses a rubber belt-type or felt blanket-type sunphorizing machine to physically compress and shrink the fabric continuously, thereby alleviating the latent shrinkage of the woven or knitted fabric, thereby providing shrink resistance. .

However, in such a method, there is a problem that latent shrinkage cannot be sufficiently reduced and a good shrink resistance cannot be imparted with respect to a thick fabric or a fabric subjected to a hard finish treatment.

[0007] Another phenomenon is shrinkage of the woven or knitted fabric that occurs as individual fibers constituting the woven or knitted fabric swell by absorbing water and the cross-sectional area increases. This shrinkage is caused by absorbing water, and even if it is dried and the cross-sectional area returns to its original state, the woven or knitted fabric cannot return to the dimension before shrinkage by itself and shrinkage remains.

As a means for preventing such shrinkage, there is a resin processing method using a cellulose-reactive resin or the like. This resin processing method is a method of forming a chemical cross-linking between cellulose molecules of fibers to suppress swelling and impart shrinkage resistance.

However, according to the above-mentioned resin processing method, although a certain degree of shrinkage resistance can be obtained, the strength decreases with an increase in the amount of resin added. There are problems such as residual formalin.

[0010]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and does not use a resin processing agent such as a cellulose-reactive resin and does not reduce the strength of the fabric. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, which has very little hand-hardening due to washing and has excellent shrink-proofing properties.

[0011]

Means for Solving the Problems and Embodiments of the Invention The present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to achieve the above object, and as a result, have obtained cellulose obtained by subjecting a cellulosic fiber-containing structure to liquid ammonia treatment. It has been found that a cellulose-based fiber-containing structure having excellent shrinkage resistance can be obtained by subjecting the cellulose-based fiber-containing structure having a III crystal structure to a caustic treatment in a tensioned or non-tensioned state.

That is, when liquid ammonia treatment is applied to cellulose fibers, the fibers swell, and at the same time, the cellulose I or cellulose II crystal structure is changed to the cellulose III crystal structure, and the swollen structure can be maintained even after removing the liquid ammonia. It is also known that the degree of crystallinity is reduced, and the shrink resistance is high when resin processing is performed on such cloth, and that the degree of cloth strength reduction is reduced,
The present inventors have thus treated the cellulose I or cellulose II crystal structure with liquid ammonia to transform the cellulose I or cellulose II crystal structure into a cellulose III crystal structure in a sufficiently swollen state. On the other hand, by performing caustic treatment in a tensioned state, a remarkable shrinkage-preventing effect is exhibited without performing special resin processing with a cellulose-reactive resin, etc. It has been found that the present invention has been found to be capable of imparting excellent shrink resistance even if the structure containing cellulosic fibers is thick, hard-finished, or the like, in addition to having extremely low texture hardening.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, which comprises subjecting the cellulosic fiber-containing structure to liquid ammonia treatment and then to a caustic treatment in a tensioned or non-toned state. I do.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail.
In the present invention, examples of the cellulose-based fiber-containing structure include natural fibers or regenerated cellulose fibers such as cotton, hemp, rayon, polynosic, cupra, and high-strength regenerated cellulose fibers (for example, Tencel). Composite fibers obtained by mixing natural or regenerated cellulose fibers with synthetic fibers such as polyester and polyamide or animal hair fibers such as wool can also be used. In this case, the conjugate fiber preferably has a high content of cellulosic fiber, and the proportion of the cellulosic fiber in the conjugate fiber is generally at least 40% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight. Known treatments such as burning, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing and the like can be applied to these cellulosic fiber-containing structures as a pretreatment, if necessary. The structure may be dyed or printed.

According to the shrink-proofing method of the present invention, the structure containing cellulosic fibers is subjected to liquid ammonia treatment.

Here, the liquid ammonia treatment is performed, for example, by
This can be performed by impregnating the cellulosic fiber-containing structure with liquid ammonia maintained at a temperature of -33 ° C or lower. Generally, the liquid ammonia impregnation time is 5
40 seconds is preferred.

Incidentally, in place of liquid ammonia, a lower alkylamine such as methylamine or ethylamine may be used in some cases.

The liquid ammonia-treated cellulosic fiber-containing structure removes the attached ammonia by heating.

Next, the above-mentioned cellulosic fiber-containing structure produced by the liquid ammonia treatment is subjected to a caustic treatment. The caustic treatment is performed under tension or without tension in the cellulosic fiber-containing structure. Here, examples of the caustic alkali include lithium hydroxide, caustic soda, and caustic potash, and caustic soda is most suitable in terms of workability and cost. Further, other alkaline chemicals can be used if necessary.

As the aqueous caustic solution, one having a caustic alkali concentration of 0.1 to 40% by weight is used.
It can be performed at a temperature of 150 ° C. for 20 seconds to 24 hours.

In this case, when the caustic alkali treatment is performed using a caustic alkali aqueous solution of 90 ° C. or lower (hereinafter referred to as a low-temperature alkali treatment), the caustic alkali concentration is 10 to 10.
It is suitable that the content is 40% by weight, more preferably 15 to 40% by weight, and still more preferably 15 to 30% by weight. Further, the treatment temperature is more preferably -10C to 90C, and further preferably 10C to 40C. The time of the caustic treatment varies depending on the concentration of the caustic used, the treatment temperature and the like, and cannot be specified unconditionally, but is usually 20 seconds to 24 hours.

On the other hand, when the caustic alkali treatment is performed using a caustic alkali aqueous solution exceeding 90 ° C. (hereinafter, this is referred to as a high-temperature alkali treatment), the caustic alkali concentration is 0.1 to 0.1%.
Suitably, it is 10% by weight, more preferably 0.2-5% by weight. The processing temperature is more preferably 15
0 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 to 150 ° C., particularly 1
The temperature is preferably from 10 to 140 ° C. The time of the caustic treatment varies depending on the concentration of the caustic used, the treatment temperature, and the like. In this case, too, the time cannot be unconditionally specified, but it is usually 1 minute to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours.
More preferably, it is 20 minutes to 3 hours.

If the caustic concentration is too low, the effect of the caustic treatment may not be sufficiently obtained,
If the caustic alkali concentration is too high, no further improvement in the effect can be seen, and there may be a drawback in that it takes time and cost to remove the caustic in the subsequent neutralization treatment.

The above-mentioned low-temperature or high-temperature alkali treatment can be performed in a strained or non-strained state of the cellulosic fibrous structure.

When the low-temperature alkali treatment is performed under tension, as a specific apparatus for performing the caustic alkali treatment, a mercerizing machine, a high-pressure beam dyeing machine, a high-pressure jigger dyeing machine, or the like can be used, but a mercerizing machine is usually preferred. . By performing the caustic treatment under tension with this mercerizing machine, the flatness of the fabric is maintained during the caustic treatment, so that the fabric does not have wrinkles or irregularities, the ears are difficult to wind, and furthermore, There is an advantage that a large amount of processing can be performed at the same time. In this case, the processing time is preferably preferably 20 to 80 seconds.

When the aqueous caustic alkali solution is applied to the entire surface of the cellulosic fiber-containing structure, it can be applied using a mangle padder, and when applied to an arbitrary portion, it can be applied using a printing machine used in a printing technique. . Also,
If necessary, after the dyeing or printing is performed before the application of the aqueous caustic alkali solution, the application of the aqueous caustic alkali solution can be performed.

The fiber structure treated with caustic is neutralized and washed with water. The neutralization treatment can be performed using an inorganic acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, or an organic acid such as acetic acid or formic acid. After neutralization and washing in this way,
If necessary, final finishing processes such as tentering and adjusting the hand can be performed.

According to the present invention, the details of the reason why the decrease in the dough strength is small and the shrink resistance is high are not necessarily clear, but are presumed to be due to the following reasons.

That is, when a liquid ammonia treatment is applied to a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, the fibers swell, and at the same time, the cellulose I or cellulose II crystal structure is changed to cellulose III.
Transform to crystal structure. Thereafter, by performing a caustic treatment in a tension state, at least a part of the cellulose III crystal structure in the cellulosic fiber-containing structure is transferred to a cellulose II crystal structure, and the fibers are simultaneously swollen by the liquid ammonia treatment and formed. The cellulose III crystal structure thus obtained can be returned to the cellulose II crystal structure, which is a more stable crystal structure while maintaining the fiber swelling state, and a sufficient swelling state is maintained by the permeation of caustic. The structure will be set in the swollen state. As a result, there is no influence of swelling due to water at the time of subsequent washing, and it is considered that the reduction in fabric strength is extremely small and the shrink-prevention effect is dramatically improved.

As described above, according to the shrink-proofing method of the present invention, no resin processing agent such as formalin is used, so that formalin does not remain in the dough, the strength of the dough is less reduced, and shrinkage due to washing is prevented. Thus, it is possible to obtain a cellulosic fiber-containing structure that has extremely low texture hardening due to repeated washing. In addition, even when the cellulosic fiber-containing structure is a thick fabric or a fabric that has been subjected to a hard finish treatment, it is possible to impart good shrinkage resistance, and also obtain effects such as improvement in gloss and deep dyeing.

[0031]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

[Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2]
Bleaching 100% cotton woven fabric of No. 80 double weave plain weave (warp density 149 yarns / inch, weft density 62 yarns / inch) by a conventional method, -3
The liquid ammonia was impregnated at 4 ° C. for 10 seconds, and then the liquid ammonia was removed by heating. Next, at 25 ° C., 60
The solution was impregnated with a 20% by weight caustic alkali for 2 seconds under tension, neutralized, and washed with water. Then, it was dehydrated and dried, and finished with a tenter.

With respect to the obtained woven fabric of Example 1, washing shrinkage and tensile strength were measured in accordance with the following methods. Table 1 shows the results.

Comparative Example 1 was obtained by performing a caustic treatment without performing the liquid ammonia treatment, and Comparative Example 2 was obtained by performing the liquid ammonia treatment without performing the caustic treatment. Was treated using the same fabric as in Example 1 under the same conditions. Table 1 shows the results.

Washing shrinkage rate Washing (JIS L-1096F-2 method) 1 time, 5 times, 1 time
After 0 times, tumble drying was performed, and the warp shrinkage and the weft shrinkage were calculated. The tensile strength was measured according to the method described in JIS L-1096.

[0036]

[Table 1]

Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4
Is the # 40 Soto Kanoko (30 inch, 18 gauge) cotton 1
After bleaching and mercerizing 00% knitted fabric in the usual way, -3
The liquid ammonia was impregnated at 4 ° C. for 10 seconds, and then the liquid ammonia was removed by heating. Next, at 25 ° C., 50
The solution was impregnated with a caustic alkali having a concentration of 16% by weight for 2 seconds under tension, neutralized and washed with water. Then, it was dehydrated and dried, and finished with a tenter.

With respect to the obtained knitted product of Example 2, the washing shrinkage ratio and the bursting strength were measured in accordance with JIS in the same manner as in the above example.
It was measured according to the L-1018 Mullen method.

Example 3 is the same as Example 2 except that the knitted fabric of Example 2 was not subjected to mercerizing before bleaching. In Comparative Example 3, the knitted fabric of Example 2 was treated in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the caustic treatment was not performed. Comparative Example 4
Was treated in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the caustic treatment was not performed. Table 2 shows the results.

[0040]

[Table 2]

[Examples 4 to 7] In Examples 4 to 7, 100% cotton woven fabric of No. 40 single yarn plain weave (warp density: 132 yarns / inch, weft density: 71 yarns / inch) was bleached by a conventional method. 34 ° C
For 10 seconds, and then the liquid ammonia was removed by heating. Next, under the tension of caustic alkali at the alkali concentration, temperature and treatment time shown in Table 3,
It was impregnated, neutralized and washed with water. After that, dehydrate and dry,
Finished with a tenter.

With respect to the obtained woven fabrics of Examples 4 to 7, the washing shrinkage and the tensile strength were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 above. Table 3 shows the results.

[0043]

[Table 3]

[0044]

According to the present invention, excellent shrink resistance can be imparted to a cellulosic fiber-containing structure without performing resin processing, and shrinkage and texture hardening due to repeated washing are extremely small. .

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Kazuhiko Harada 45 characters in Miai-cho, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture Inside the Nisshinbo Industries, Ltd.Mai Plant (72) Inventor Ryuichi Ito 45 characters in Miai-cho, Okazaki City, Aichi Prefecture Nisshinbo (72) Inventor Osamu Hasegawa Inside Nisshinbo Spinning Co., Ltd. Tokyo Research Center

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber-containing structure, comprising subjecting the cellulosic fiber-containing structure to liquid ammonia treatment and then subjecting the cellulosic fiber-containing structure to a caustic alkali treatment in a tensioned or non-toned state. 2. Caustic treatment is carried out at 0.1 to 10% by weight.
Over 90 ° C using a concentrated aqueous caustic solution
2. The shrink-preventing method according to claim 1, which is carried out at a temperature of not more than ℃. 3. The shrink-preventing method according to claim 1, wherein the caustic treatment is carried out at a temperature of -10 ° C. to 90 ° C. using an aqueous solution of caustic alkali having a concentration of 10 to 40% by weight.